语法专题——宾语从句讲解二 2024-2025学年外研版八年级英语下册

八年级下册宾语从句专题讲解（二） Ⅰ.知识回顾 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 【答案】since; for; for; since; since; for; for; for; since Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework. 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. 12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere? 【答案】　1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen 【要点1】宾语从句的概念 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。 在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：  I know the man. 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：  I know that the man is a policeman. 主句 引导词 从句 宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。 【要点2】宾语从句引导词 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 一) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导陈述句形式的宾语从句，that可以省略。 I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete. Do you think (that) the children need to write a song? Maria says (that) she doesn’t like the uniforms. She told me (that) she would like to go with us. 二) 以whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句。 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如： I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you. Ask him whether / if he can come. 但在有些情况下，只能用whether，不能用if： 1. whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用，而if一般不能。如： 正： Let me know whether you can come or not. 误： Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导，而不能用if。如： 正： Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. 误： If it is true or not, I can’t tell. 3. whether可以引导带to的不定式，if则不能。如： 正： I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. 误： I don’t know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语，但if不能。如： 正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误： I worry about if I hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引导从句，作主语、表语或同位语，而if不能。如： 正： It was uncertain whether he would come. 误： It was uncertain if he would come. 6.若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。 Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为： a．Please let me know whether you like the book. b．If you like the book，please let me know. 三) 疑问词引导的宾语从句 疑问代词：what、whom、 who、whose、which 疑问副词：when、where、why、how 例句：1、The book will show you what you must do . 2、I want to know who made the toy. 3、Please tell me whose book this is. 4、I wonder whom you like. 5、Please tell me where you are from. 【即学即用】 1. I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much. A.that B.whether C.why D.where 2. I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before. A.whether B.why C.what D.how 【答案】1. C　2. A　 【要点3】宾语从句的时态 宾语从句的时态遵循一个原则：主句与从句时态一致问题 也就是说如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态课根据实际情况而定。 eg. I remember he gave me a book yesterday. 1.如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） Eg.He told me that he would take part in the high jump. 2.但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。 eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east. 【知识拓展】 特殊情况： 1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960. 【即学即用】 1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round. A. was B. is C. were D. are 2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿ the basketball match. A. win B. won C. will win D. wins 3.He wanted to know ___________. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what he’s going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 【答案】1.B 2. A3.B 【要点4】宾语从句的语序 无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。 Could you tell me who knows the answer, please？ 你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？ The small children don't know what is in their stockings． 这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？ 句式 连词 语序 例句 陈述句 That 不变 I think that we can be good friends. 一般疑问句 if/whether 改为陈述语序 I can’t remember if I posted the letter. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 改为陈述语序 He asked who was our English teacher. 【即学即用】 1. Could you tell me ____? A. where is the post office B. who knows the answer C. what are they doing D. when does the shop open 2. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 3. I want to know_________. A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 4.I don’t feel very well. Mum asked me ________ this morning. A. what the matter B. what is wrong C. what was the matter D. what wrong was 【答案】A CDC 【要点4】宾语从句的否定转移 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe,suppose时，要将从句的否定转移到主句中，主句的谓语动词用否定，而从句的谓语动词用肯定。 Eg. I don’t think he will come with you. ※【链接中考】 1. —Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week? —Sorry，I have no idea. A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for 2. I don’t know ________ tomorrow. Can you tell me? A.when we started B.when did we start C.when we will start D.when will we start 3. —I wonder ________. —Zebras. A.what do they call these animals B.how they call these animals C.what they call these animals D.how do they call these animals 【答案】CCC 五、双基达标 1、将下列句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。 1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound. 3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know ______ there ______ ____ a meeting in five days. 4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French. 5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games. 6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet. 7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture? 8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car? 9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered. The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about. 10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know. I don’ t know _______ _______ at the door so loudly. 11) Does he still live in that street? I don't know. I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street. 12) What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ ____ ______. 13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________. 14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _____they _____fried chicken. 15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know. I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai. 【答案】1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was 2、单项选择 1. — Do you know ____ tomorrow?— At 8 o'clock. A. when did she come B. when she came C. when will she come D. when she will come 2.We want to know _____to help them. A. what can we do B. what we can do C. how can we do D. how we can do 3.1 didn't see Laura at the party last night. Do you know_? A. why didn't she come B. what happened C. when would she arrive D. where she has been 4.— Excuse me, I want to go to the 21st National Book Expo (世博会). Could you tell me______? — Sure. It is at No. 3 Changjiang Road in Harbin. A. where it is B. where it was C. where is it 5. ----Could you tell us how long _____? ---- About three days. A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting will last C. the sports meeting last D. will the sports meeting last 6.— Could you please tell me_____? —Tomorrow morning. A. how I can get to the post office B. how long can I keep the book C. when to leave for Beijing D. where I should take the early bus 7.—Do you know ＿＿＿ Beijing with his family？ —Next week. A. when Mr Zhao will visit B. when will Mr Zhao will visit C. when Mr Zhao visited 8.Can you tell me _____? A. where you are from B. where you are from C. where do you come from 9. Do you know ___________? A. when will he be back B. when he will be back C. where did he go D. where will he go 10.Allen wanted to know ____ after it got out of the UFO. A. what is the alien doing B. what the alien would do C. where would the alien go D. where the alien is going 11.—Could you tell me ________ the party? —Next Friday. A. where we are going to have B. when we are going to have C. when we were going to have 12.—I’m new here. Could you please tell me _______? —Sure. It’s over there behind that tower. A. where the youth centre is B. when the library opens C. how far is the amusement park D. how can I get to the underground station 13.I don't know if she _____to my birthday party tomorrow. If she_____ , I'll be very happy. A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. comes; will come 14.— I don't know______.— You can go and ask Jack. A. when does the train leave B. that we will plant trees or not C. if she had come yesterday D. what I should buy for him 15.—Mum, can we go to the art museum tomorrow? —Sure. But first we should find out ________. A. what can we do B. where we can go C. how can we go there D. if it will be open 【答案】1-5ABBAB 6—10CAABB 11-15BABDD 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$