第02讲 Unit 2（知识全梳理&考点精准练）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（冀教版）

第02讲 Unit2（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：7大核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 考点一 四个“成功” 教材原句（Unit 2 P22）：In 1973, together with other scientists, he succeeded in developing hybrid rice. 在 1973 年，他和其他的科学家一起 成功地研制出了杂交水稻。 单词 含义及词性 用法 succeed 意为“成功”，是不及物动词。 不能用于被动语态，succeed in (doing) sth.意为“成功做成某事；在某方面有成就”。 success 意为“成功”，表示抽象意义 的“成功”，是不可数名词； 但表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”时则是可数名词。 have success in (doing) sth. 意为“成功做成某事；在某方面有成就”。 successful 意为“成功的”，是形容词。 be successful in (doing) sth. 意为“成功做成某事；在某方面有成就”。 successfully 意为“成功地”，是副词。 常用于修饰动词。 考点二 because of 与 because 教材原句（Unit 2 P28）：I thought it would be fun because I did a lot of crossword puzzles when I was in Canada. 我觉得会很有趣， 因为我在加拿大的时候，做了很多填字游戏。 词（组） 词性及用法 because of 介词短语，后面接名词（短语）、代词或动名词等。 because 从属连词，后面接原因状语从句。可回答以 why 开头的问句。 考点三 ask 的用法 【教材原句】（Unit 2 P20）The letter asked people to give up nuclear weapons. 这封信要求人们放弃核武器。 基本含义 用法 请求；要 求；询问 后接双宾语 ask sb. sth. 询问/ 请求/ 要求某人某事 后跟动词不定式 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 请求某人（不）做某事 与介词的搭配 ask (sb.) for sth.（向某人）要某物 ask (sb.) about sth. 询问（某人）有关某事/ 物 后接宾语从句 ask+引导词+从句 考点四 as...as...的用法 【教材原句】（Unit 2 P22）In the dream he .grew a new type of rice that was as big as a peanut. 他的梦想就是要种植一种像花生那么大的新型水稻。 as…as…意为“与……一样……”,是两个事物之间的同级比较,两个as中间用形容词或副词的原级,它的否定形式为“not as/so…as…”,意为“不如……那么……”。 I am not as/so old as her. 我的年龄没有她的年龄大。 He listens as carefully as Mike in class. 课堂上,他和迈克一样认真听讲。 The ground floor of Beijing Daxing International Airport covers an area as big as 35 football fields. 北京大兴国际机场一层面积有35个足球场那么大。 考点五 speak, tell, talk 与 say 【教材原句】（Unit 2 P24）She spoke about her life .她讲述她的生活。 单词 含义及用法 固定搭配 speak 作及物动词， 意为“讲”，后接表示语 言的词； 作不及物动词，意为“发言， 讲话，说话”。 speak Chinese 说汉语 speak to 对……讲；和……说话 speak highly of 高度赞扬 tell 作及物动词，意为“告诉， 讲述”，强调讲给别人听，后可接双宾语。 tell a story/ lie 讲故事/说谎 tell the truth 说实话 tell sb. (about) sth. 告诉某 人（关于）某 事 tell sb. (not) to do sth.告 诉 某 人（不要）做某事 tell+宾语从句 talk 作不及物动词，意为“交谈， 谈话”，强调与某人交谈；作名词， 意为“谈话；报告；演讲”。 talk to/ with sb. 与某人交谈 talk about sth. 谈 论/讨论某事 have a talk with sb. 与某人讨论 say 作及物动词， 意为“说”， 强调说话的内容，后接宾语或宾语从句。 say thanks/ sorry/ goodbye to sb. 向某人表示感谢/ 道歉/ 告别 say+名词/ 代词/ 宾语从句   说…… say sth. to sb. 对某人说某事 考点六 come的短语 【教材原句】（Unit 2 P22）He came up with an idea of hybrid rice.他想出一个杂交水稻的想法。 (1)come up with 意为“找到或提出(答案、方法等)”,相当于find或think of。 No one has come up with an exact explanation of why the dinosaurs died out. 还没有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个确切的解释。 (2)come的相关短语: come in 进来 come out 出来;出版 come from来自 come back 回来 come true 实现;成为现实 come over 顺便来访 come along 进展;出现 come down 落下来 come on 快点儿 come up 走过来;升起;被提及 come across (偶然)遇到 come to 苏醒;被想出;合计 How come? 为什么?怎么会? 单元语法： 语法一before, after, as...引导的时间状语从句 从属连词（组）  含义及用法 例句 when “当……的时候”，主从句动作同时或先后发生， 从句谓语 可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。 When John was 2 years old, he started playing the piano.当约翰两岁时，他 开始弹钢琴。 while “当……的时候；在……期间”，表示主从句动作同时发生或主句动作发生在从 句 的 动 作 过 程中。 谓语动词用延续性动词。 My mother was reading while my father was playing chess. 我爸爸下象 棋的时候， 我妈妈在读书。 as  “当……时”，主从句动作同时发生。 The little girls sang as they walked. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。 before “在……以前”，主句动作发生在从句动作之前。 You’d better wash your hands before you eat. 你最好在吃饭前洗手。 after “在……之后”，主句动作发生在从句动作之后。 My sister became a doctor after she graduated from the university. 我妹妹 大学毕业后成为了一名医生。 until/ till “直到……为止 ”，若主句是肯定句：表示主句的动作持续到从句表示的时间点结束， 谓语动词用延续性动词。若主句是否定句：表示主句的动作自从句表示的时间点才开始，谓语动词用非延续性动词。 We waited until our teacher came. 我们一直等到老师来。 We shouldn’t get off the bus until it stops completely. 在公共汽车完全停止之前， 我们不应该下车。 since “自……以来”，引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 Since I started school, my mom has taught me how to keep safe at school. 自从我开始上学以来， 我妈妈就教我如何在学校保持安全。 once “一旦”，表示一种假设，多与一般现在时连用。 Once I start, I will never give up. 一 旦 开始，我就永远不会放弃。 as soon as “一 …… 就……”，主句动作紧随从句动作发生，遵循“主祈/将从现”“主情从现”原则。 I will make a phone call to my parents as soon as I reach my grandmother’s  home. 我一到我奶奶家就会给父母打电话。 语法二who和that引导的定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫关系从句。 关系从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 关系从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词和关系从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的某种成分，构成结构“先行词+关系词+关系从句”。 关系词   先行词   功能 例句 关系 代词 who 人 主语；宾语 Do you know the girl who often comes here?你认识经常来这里的那个女孩吗？ 关 系 代 词 whom 人 宾语 He is the boy whom I talked with just now.他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。 that  人，物  主语；宾语 A dictionary is a book that gives the meaning of words. 词典是一本解释单词意思的书。 The school which we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai. 昨天我们参观的那所学校在上海很有名。 主语；宾语 物 which whose 人，物  定语 What’s the name of the boy whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个男孩的名字是什么？ 关系词   先行词   功能 例句 关 系 副 词 when  时间 时间状语 I remember the first day when we met for the first time. 我记得我们第一次见面的那天。 This is the place where I studied last year.  这是我去年学习的地方。  地点状语  地点  where  why  原因  原因状语 I want to know the reason why you didn’t come to school this morning. 我想知道你今天上午没来学校的原因。 【注意事项】 1. 关系词只用 that 的情况： （1）当先行词是 all, little, few, much, none,something, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，只能用 that。 如： Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么我可以为你做的吗？ （2）当先行词被 the only, the very, the last, all, any, no 等修饰时，只能用 that。 如： This is the only book that is worth reading.这是唯一一本值得读的书。 （3）当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用 that。 如： The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 （4）当先行词既包含人又包含物时，只能用that。 如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈到的那位作家和他的小说确实很出名。 （5）当先行词被最高级修饰时，只能用 that。 如： This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 （6）当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用 that。 如： Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁？ 2. 只能用关系代词 which 的情况： （1）当关系词前面有介词且先行词指物时，只能用 which。 如： The house in which we live is very big. 我们住的房子很大。 （2）引导非限定性定语从句。 如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中获胜，这使他的父母非常高兴。 （3）当 that, those 作主语时。 如： Those which are on the shelf are storage boxes. 那些在架子上的是储物盒。 Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases in the box. remain decision condition first aid set up 1. He made a______to accept the challenging task. 2. The volunteers ______an organization to protect the environment. 3. Teenagers should have some knowledge about________ 4. They live far away from each other, but they________close friends. 5. This plant can grow in the worst_______. It's amazing! Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. success purpose survey wonder neighbour 1. Work hard and you will be __________in the future. 2.I_______who he was, but nobody could tell me. 3.What is the_________of your visit? 4. One of our__________helped us look after our dog while we were away. 5. We_________500 people and 75% of them were in favour of the plan. Ⅲ. Replace the circled words with the expressions in the box. A.who has B.that was filled with C.that is flying 1. Brian showed us a book (filled with)stamps.____ 2. Can you see the yellow kite (flying) in the sky?_____ 3. Nancy is a Canadian girl (with)blue eyes and blond hair.______ 一、单项选择 1．Last week, our class ________ in holding a fashion show. It was a great ________. A．success; successful B．succeed; success C．succeeded; successful D．succeeded; success 2．Her father is a ___________ businessman, and she also wants to have ________. A．success; successful B．succeed; success C．successful; success D．successfully; succeed 3．If you work , you will be in the future. A．hard, successful B．hardly, successful C．hard, successfully D．hardly, successfully 4．Work hard, ______ you will succeed. A．and B．or C．but D．so 5．Don’t lose heart. If you keep working hard, you _________ some day. A．will succeed B．are succeeding C．succeeded D．have succeeded 6．—How did you finish the 20-page history report in one night? —I had to ________ most of the historical details because I ran out of time to research. A．find out B．take down C．make up D．look through 7．We all got wet in the rain because ________ of us had an umbrella. A．both B．neither C．none D．all 8．Our Chinese teacher asked me to ________more information about the famous writer Lu Xun online and share it with our classmates in the next class. A．find out B．blow out C．cut out D．take out 9．Dad asked me to ________ the music a little because grandma was sleeping in the next room. A．turn off B．turn down C．turn into 10．The government in Chengdu ________ many ways to help lower the stress of students in the past few years. A．came up with B．has come up with C．had come up with 二、阅读表达 根据短文内容回答下列各问题。 Ma Hua graduated from Fudan University. He had a good career in IT and a great life in Shanghai, but he felt there was something missing from his life. He wanted to help others to improve their lives, so in March 2013 he gave up his job. Then he moved to south-west China to do voluntary work in a village primary school. He soon became an important member of the local people. In his class, he painted pictures on the walls to help students remember English words. He also spent his money building a playground for the children. Ma Hua quickly got used to his new life. He got great satisfaction(满意) from his work and felt very happy, even though life there was hard---he had to melt(融化) ice for water and grow vegetables for food. When he was free, he wrote poems describing the peace and beauty around him. Sometimes he would go walking in the mountains and enjoy the beautiful view. Sadly Ma Hua was killed in a car accident in July 2014 at the age of 31. His death was a great loss to all those who knew him, but it is a comfort to know that he lived happily, doing what he loved and enriching the lives of others. 1．When did Ma Hua give up his job in Shanghai? 2．What did Ma Hua build for the primary school children? . 3．Did Ma Hua enjoy his life in the village? 4．Why did Ma Hua gave up his job in Shanghai? . 5．What can we learn from Ma Hua? . 三、补全对话 用适当的短语或句子将对话补充完整 A：Excuse me, I am a reporter from CCTV. 1 ? B：Sure, please. A：China Dream has become the hottest topic since our president Xi Jinping mentioned it in his first public speech. Can you tell me what your dream is? B： 2 . My dream is to become the Minister of Education. A：So great! 3 ? B：Because I want to help the left-behind children (留守儿童).Their parents go into the city to work. They are living a hard, lonely, even dangerous life! A： 4 ? B：I will set up many schools in the city. So the children can not only get good education, but also enjoy parents' love. A：Sounds great! Everyone's dream makes up our China Dream! I hope that 5 . B：Thank you. 一、基础词汇 1. missing (adj.) 缺少的；丢失的 2. solve(v.) 解决；解答 3. blind (adj.) 失明的；瞎的 4. deaf (adj.) 失聪的；聋的 5. ability (n.) 能力 6. progress (n.) 进步；进展 7. remain(v.) 仍然是；保持不变 8. government (n.) 政府 9. anybody( pron.) 任何人 10. chemistry (n.) 化学 11. condition (n.) 环境；条件；状态，状况 12. survey(v.) 调查 (n.) 调查 13.neighbour (n.) 邻居 14. produce (v.)生产；出产 二、拓展词汇 1. successful adj. (名词) success 成功 (动词)succeed 成功 2. leader n. →(动词) lead 领导；导致 3. writer n. →(动词) write 写 4. illness n. →(形容词) ill 有病的 5. decision n. →(动词) decide 决定 6. worst adj. & adv. (原级) bad(ly) 坏的（地）；糟的（地） (比较级)worse 更坏的（地）；更糟的（地） 7. whom pron. →(主格) who 谁 8. introduction n. →(动词) introduce 介绍；引进 9. medical adj. →(名词) medicine 医学；药 10. educator n. →(名词) education 教育 11. meaning n. →(动词) mean 意思是 三、重点短语 deep in thought 深思;沉思 succeed in 在……方面成功;顺利完成 Theory of Relativity 相对论 go on 继续 in the field of... 在……领域 the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 pass away (婉辞)去世 nuclear weapon 核武器 together with... 同……一起 Father of Hybrid Rice 杂交水稻之父 fall behind 落后 make a lot of progress 取得很大进步 T.B. (tuberculosis 的缩写)肺结核 remain in use 仍在使用 be well known for... 因……而闻名;众所周知 the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression抗日战争 make a decision 做决定 first aid 急救 day after day 一天又一天 set up 建立 crossword puzzle 纵横字谜游戏 based on... 基于……;以……为基础 一、完形填空 Once there lived in our town a poor family. They were so 1 that there was almost nothing in the house but a pot under a broken table. In it there was a little rice 2 from their neighbor for the coming New Year. On New Year's Eve, the wife had already fallen asleep, but the husband was 3 in bed, worrying about their life. Suddenly he heard someone breaking into the house. "It must be a 4 ," he thought, " but it doesn't matter. The thief can steal nothing. " He didn't shout or move, but he kept watching over the thief. The thief came into the house and was only interested in the rice under the table. "But 5 can I take it away?" the thief thought hard. Then he had an idea. He took off his coat, put it on the ground between the bed and the table and turned 6 to take the pot. Now the husband knew what the thief would do. He 7 up the coat quickly and covered himself with it 8 the thief turned back. The thief took the pot, and poured the rice onto the coat. Then he began to feel it. But he was 9 to find that his coat was gone. " Hey! " he shouted out. The voice woke up the wife. She asked her husband, " Did you hear any sound? Maybe there is a thief in the room. " "Shut up! " replied her husband. "Go back to sleep. There is no thief in the room. " "That's impossible," the thief said 10 "If there isn't a thief, then, where is my coat?" 1．A．good B．kind C．happy D．poor 2．A．borrowed B．asked C．lent D．taken 3．A．speaking B．lying C．talking D．looking 4．A．daughter B．mouse C．son D．thief 5．A．what B．why C．how D．when 6．A．around B．off C．over D．on 7．A．hung B．called C．picked D．put 8．A．before B．after C．until D．because 9．A．afraid B．surprised C．pleased D．excited 10．A．slowly B．politely C．carefully D．loudly 二、短文填空 Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. As a child, he was slow 1 (learn) to talk. As a pupil, he was backward. But when he was fourteen years old, he became clever. He taught 2 (he) maths from textbooks. He studied hard because he wanted to be a physicist. In 1901, Einstein began teaching. In 1902 he continued his studies at the University of Zurich. Several years 3 (late), he formulated(系统地阐述)his famous Theory of Relativity(相对论).To most people, the law of relativity is difficult to explain. But once Einstein explained it very 4 (good)to a group of young students. He said，“When you sit with a good girl for two hours, you think it is only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it's two hours. That is relativity.” After Hitler came into power in Germany, Einstein went to America. In 1940 Einstein became an 5 (America) citizen. In 1955, Einstein's life ended at the age of seventy-six. 3、 阅读理解 （A） The teacher invited a little boy's mother to attend his elementary school's first parents' meeting. His mother said she would go but the boy was disappointed. This would be the first time that his classmates and teacher met his mother and he was embarrassed by her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar(伤疤) that covered nearly the whole right side of her face. The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar. At the meeting, the people were impressed by the kindness of his mother, but the little boy was still embarrassed and hid himself from everyone. However, he heard a conversation between his mother and his teacher. "How did you get the scar on your face?" the teacher asked. The mother replied, " When my son was a baby, the room he was in caught fire. Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control, but I rushed in at once. As I was running towards his crib(婴儿床) , I saw a beam (房梁) coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked down. But fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us. " She touched the burned side of her face. " This scar will be permanent , but until today, I have never regretted doing what I did. " At this point, the little boy came out running towards his mother with tears in his eyes. He hugged her and felt the love of his mother. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 1．From the first paragraph, we know that the boy was disappointed because A．he didn't do well in the exam B．his mother didn't want to go to the meeting C．his mother would go to the meeting D．his teacher didn't want to see his mother 2．What did the people think of the boy's mother? A．Shy. B．Ugly. C．Careful. D．Kind. 3．The underlined word " permanent" in the fourth paragraph means " " in Chinese. A．永久的 B．美丽的 C．丑陋的 D．短暂的 4．Hearing his mother's story, the boy will ______ . A．save his mother in danger B．love his mother more than before C．study harder to thank his mother D．hate his teacher more than before 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．A parents' meeting B．A bad boy C．A good teacher D．Mother's love （B） People all over the world eat rice. Millions of people in Asia, Africa and South America live on it. Some people eat almost nothing but rice. Rice is a kind of grass. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. Most kinds are water plants. Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the south of the United States and in eastern Australia. China is the world’s largest rice-growing country. In 2003, China grew 166 million tons of rice. But it is not easy to feed the world’s largest population. In the 1960s, thousands of Chinese died because they didn’t have enough food to eat. In the 1970s, Yuan Longping, a Chinese scientist, grew a new kind of rice called hybrid rice. It makes 20% more rice than any other kind. Hybrid rice is a stronger plant, unlike ordinary rice. It can grow in lots of water or in not much water. It doesn’t easily get diseases or worms. Today, half of China’s rice plants are Yuan’s special hybrid rice. China uses Yuan’s hybrid rice to grow much more rice than before. Yuan is known as the Father of Hybrid Rice. He won the World Food Prize for his work to help feed so many people. 1．Rice is grown ________ in the world. A．in lots of countries B．only for humans C．only on wet land D．by Chinese farmers 2．China ________ in the world. A．offers the best rice to people B．is the world’s largest rice-growing country C．has the largest farmland D．is short of rice 3．________ Chinese died because they didn’t have enough food to eat in the 1960s. A．Tens of B．Hundreds of C．Thousands of D．Millions of 4．Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice ________. A．gets sick more often B．is ordinary rice C．can grow without water D．can make more rice than the others （C） Tu Youyou, born in 1930, is a Chinese medical scientist. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for finding out artemisinin (also known as Qinghaosu), which saved millions of lives. When Tu was a high school student, she became interested in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern western medicine. She kept her work in the1960s and1970s. In that age, Malaria (疟疾) could take away people's lives. Scientists all over the world had already tried over 240,000 times but failed. Tu Youyou, a member of the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, BeiJing, began to study Chinese herbs (药草). Before 2011, people didn’t know Tu very much. Many friends played jokes on her “the Professor of Three None’s”: no high degree (学历), no study experience abroad, not a member of any Chinese national academies. But she is hard-working. She read a lot of traditional Chinese medicine books and did a lot of research. In February, 2012, Tu was named “National Outstanding Females” (One of the Ten). Tu is now a model of Chinese medical workers. 1．Tu Youyou won the2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine because ________. A．she found out Qinghaosu B．she grew some new herb C．she studied traditional Chinese medicine D．she saved many lives with Chinese herbs 2．Tu Youyou became interested in medicine as ________. A．a member of an academy B．a Junior school student C．a high school student D．a college student 3．Tu Youyou is a successful scientist with ________. A．a high degree B．a sense of duty C．an unhealthy body D．a study experience abroad 4．How old was Tu Youyou when she was named “National Outstanding Females”? A．80 years old. B．81 years old. C．82 years old. D．83 years old. 5．From the passage, we can lean Tu Youyou is a ________ woman. A．funny B．friendly C．serious D．hard-working 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 Unit2（知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：7大核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 考点一 四个“成功” 教材原句（Unit 2 P22）：In 1973, together with other scientists, he succeeded in developing hybrid rice. 在 1973 年，他和其他的科学家一起 成功地研制出了杂交水稻。 单词 含义及词性 用法 succeed 意为“成功”，是不及物动词。 不能用于被动语态，succeed in (doing) sth.意为“成功做成某事；在某方面有成就”。 success 意为“成功”，表示抽象意义 的“成功”，是不可数名词； 但表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”时则是可数名词。 have success in (doing) sth. 意为“成功做成某事；在某方面有成就”。 successful 意为“成功的”，是形容词。 be successful in (doing) sth. 意为“成功做成某事；在某方面有成就”。 successfully 意为“成功地”，是副词。 常用于修饰动词。 考点二 because of 与 because 教材原句（Unit 2 P28）：I thought it would be fun because I did a lot of crossword puzzles when I was in Canada. 我觉得会很有趣， 因为我在加拿大的时候，做了很多填字游戏。 词（组） 词性及用法 because of 介词短语，后面接名词（短语）、代词或动名词等。 because 从属连词，后面接原因状语从句。可回答以 why 开头的问句。 考点三 ask 的用法 【教材原句】（Unit 2 P20）The letter asked people to give up nuclear weapons. 这封信要求人们放弃核武器。 基本含义 用法 请求；要 求；询问 后接双宾语 ask sb. sth. 询问/ 请求/ 要求某人某事 后跟动词不定式 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 请求某人（不）做某事 与介词的搭配 ask (sb.) for sth.（向某人）要某物 ask (sb.) about sth. 询问（某人）有关某事/ 物 后接宾语从句 ask+引导词+从句 考点四 as...as...的用法 【教材原句】（Unit 2 P22）In the dream he .grew a new type of rice that was as big as a peanut. 他的梦想就是要种植一种像花生那么大的新型水稻。 as…as…意为“与……一样……”,是两个事物之间的同级比较,两个as中间用形容词或副词的原级,它的否定形式为“not as/so…as…”,意为“不如……那么……”。 I am not as/so old as her. 我的年龄没有她的年龄大。 He listens as carefully as Mike in class. 课堂上,他和迈克一样认真听讲。 The ground floor of Beijing Daxing International Airport covers an area as big as 35 football fields. 北京大兴国际机场一层面积有35个足球场那么大。 考点五 speak, tell, talk 与 say 【教材原句】（Unit 2 P24）She spoke about her life .她讲述她的生活。 单词 含义及用法 固定搭配 speak 作及物动词， 意为“讲”，后接表示语 言的词； 作不及物动词，意为“发言， 讲话，说话”。 speak Chinese 说汉语 speak to 对……讲；和……说话 speak highly of 高度赞扬 tell 作及物动词，意为“告诉， 讲述”，强调讲给别人听，后可接双宾语。 tell a story/ lie 讲故事/说谎 tell the truth 说实话 tell sb. (about) sth. 告诉某 人（关于）某 事 tell sb. (not) to do sth.告 诉 某 人（不要）做某事 tell+宾语从句 talk 作不及物动词，意为“交谈， 谈话”，强调与某人交谈；作名词， 意为“谈话；报告；演讲”。 talk to/ with sb. 与某人交谈 talk about sth. 谈 论/讨论某事 have a talk with sb. 与某人讨论 say 作及物动词， 意为“说”， 强调说话的内容，后接宾语或宾语从句。 say thanks/ sorry/ goodbye to sb. 向某人表示感谢/ 道歉/ 告别 say+名词/ 代词/ 宾语从句   说…… say sth. to sb. 对某人说某事 考点六 come的短语 【教材原句】（Unit 2 P22）He came up with an idea of hybrid rice.他想出一个杂交水稻的想法。 (1)come up with 意为“找到或提出(答案、方法等)”,相当于find或think of。 No one has come up with an exact explanation of why the dinosaurs died out. 还没有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个确切的解释。 (2)come的相关短语: come in 进来 come out 出来;出版 come from来自 come back 回来 come true 实现;成为现实 come over 顺便来访 come along 进展;出现 come down 落下来 come on 快点儿 come up 走过来;升起;被提及 come across (偶然)遇到 come to 苏醒;被想出;合计 How come? 为什么?怎么会? 单元语法： 语法一before, after, as...引导的时间状语从句 从属连词（组）  含义及用法 例句 when “当……的时候”，主从句动作同时或先后发生， 从句谓语 可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。 When John was 2 years old, he started playing the piano.当约翰两岁时，他 开始弹钢琴。 while “当……的时候；在……期间”，表示主从句动作同时发生或主句动作发生在从 句 的 动 作 过 程中。 谓语动词用延续性动词。 My mother was reading while my father was playing chess. 我爸爸下象 棋的时候， 我妈妈在读书。 as  “当……时”，主从句动作同时发生。 The little girls sang as they walked. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。 before “在……以前”，主句动作发生在从句动作之前。 You’d better wash your hands before you eat. 你最好在吃饭前洗手。 after “在……之后”，主句动作发生在从句动作之后。 My sister became a doctor after she graduated from the university. 我妹妹 大学毕业后成为了一名医生。 until/ till “直到……为止 ”，若主句是肯定句：表示主句的动作持续到从句表示的时间点结束， 谓语动词用延续性动词。若主句是否定句：表示主句的动作自从句表示的时间点才开始，谓语动词用非延续性动词。 We waited until our teacher came. 我们一直等到老师来。 We shouldn’t get off the bus until it stops completely. 在公共汽车完全停止之前， 我们不应该下车。 since “自……以来”，引导的从句常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 Since I started school, my mom has taught me how to keep safe at school. 自从我开始上学以来， 我妈妈就教我如何在学校保持安全。 once “一旦”，表示一种假设，多与一般现在时连用。 Once I start, I will never give up. 一 旦 开始，我就永远不会放弃。 as soon as “一 …… 就……”，主句动作紧随从句动作发生，遵循“主祈/将从现”“主情从现”原则。 I will make a phone call to my parents as soon as I reach my grandmother’s  home. 我一到我奶奶家就会给父母打电话。 语法二who和that引导的定语从句 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫关系从句。 关系从句所修饰的词叫先行词。 关系从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词和关系从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的某种成分，构成结构“先行词+关系词+关系从句”。 关系词   先行词   功能 例句 关系 代词 who 人 主语；宾语 Do you know the girl who often comes here?你认识经常来这里的那个女孩吗？ 关 系 代 词 whom 人 宾语 He is the boy whom I talked with just now.他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。 that  人，物  主语；宾语 A dictionary is a book that gives the meaning of words. 词典是一本解释单词意思的书。 The school which we visited yesterday is a famous one in Shanghai. 昨天我们参观的那所学校在上海很有名。 主语；宾语 物 which whose 人，物  定语 What’s the name of the boy whose father is a doctor? 父亲是医生的那个男孩的名字是什么？ 关系词   先行词   功能 例句 关 系 副 词 when  时间 时间状语 I remember the first day when we met for the first time. 我记得我们第一次见面的那天。 This is the place where I studied last year.  这是我去年学习的地方。  地点状语  地点  where  why  原因  原因状语 I want to know the reason why you didn’t come to school this morning. 我想知道你今天上午没来学校的原因。 【注意事项】 1. 关系词只用 that 的情况： （1）当先行词是 all, little, few, much, none,something, everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，只能用 that。 如： Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么我可以为你做的吗？ （2）当先行词被 the only, the very, the last, all, any, no 等修饰时，只能用 that。 如： This is the only book that is worth reading.这是唯一一本值得读的书。 （3）当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用 that。 如： The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。 （4）当先行词既包含人又包含物时，只能用that。 如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known. 你刚才谈到的那位作家和他的小说确实很出名。 （5）当先行词被最高级修饰时，只能用 that。 如： This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 （6）当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用 that。 如： Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那儿的那个人是谁？ 2. 只能用关系代词 which 的情况： （1）当关系词前面有介词且先行词指物时，只能用 which。 如： The house in which we live is very big. 我们住的房子很大。 （2）引导非限定性定语从句。 如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中获胜，这使他的父母非常高兴。 （3）当 that, those 作主语时。 如： Those which are on the shelf are storage boxes. 那些在架子上的是储物盒。 Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases in the box. remain decision condition first aid set up 1. He made a______to accept the challenging task. 2. The volunteers ______an organization to protect the environment. 3. Teenagers should have some knowledge about________ 4. They live far away from each other, but they________close friends. 5. This plant can grow in the worst_______. It's amazing! 【答案】1.decision 2.set up 3.first aid 4.remain 5.condition 【解析】考察对这些单词的辨析 1. 他做了一个决定，要接受这个有挑战性的任务。故填decision 名词，决定 2. 这些志愿者成立了一个保护环境的组织。故填set up 建立；安装，组装 3. 青少年们应该学习一些急救的知识。故填first aid 急救 4. 他们彼此住的很远，但是他们仍然是亲密的朋友。故填remain 仍然，仍旧 5. 这种植物能在最恶劣的环境下生长。令人惊讶。故填condition 状况，情形。 Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box. success purpose survey wonder neighbour 1. Work hard and you will be __________in the future. 2.I_______who he was, but nobody could tell me. 3.What is the_________of your visit? 4. One of our__________helped us look after our dog while we were away. 5. We_________500 people and 75% of them were in favour of the plan. 【答案】1.successful 2.wondered 3.purpose 4.neighbours 5.surveyed 【解析】考察对这些单词的辨析及拓展 1. 努力学习吧，你会成功的在将来。be后跟形容词，故填success的形容词successful 成功的。 2. 我想知道他是谁，但是没人告诉我。因为could 是can的过去式，故填wondered. 3. 你来访的意图是什么？故填purpose. 4. 我们的一位邻居帮我们照顾我们的狗当我们外出的时候。因为one of 后跟可数名词复数，意为....之一。故填neighbours. 5. 我们调查了500人，75%的人支持这个计划。根据were 是are的过去式，故填surveyed. Ⅲ. Replace the circled words with the expressions in the box. A.who has B.that was filled with C.that is flying 1. Brian showed us a book (filled with)stamps.____ 2. Can you see the yellow kite (flying) in the sky?_____ 3. Nancy is a Canadian girl (with)blue eyes and blond hair.______ 【答案】B C A 【解析】考察定语从句 1. Brian 给我们看了一本贴满邮票的书。That等于 the book，做主语 2. 你能看见正在天上飞的黄色风筝吗？That等于 the yellow kite，做主语 3. Nancy是一个有着蓝色眼睛和金黄头发的加拿大女孩。Who等于Nancy做主语 一、单项选择 1．Last week, our class ________ in holding a fashion show. It was a great ________. A．success; successful B．succeed; success C．succeeded; successful D．succeeded; success 【答案】D 【解析】句意：上周，我们班成功举办了一场时装秀。这是一个巨大的成功。 考查动词和名词的用法。success成功，名词；succeed成功，动词原形；succeeded成功，动词过去式；successful成功的，形容词。根据“Last week, our class…in holding a fashion show.”可知，空处缺谓语动词，句子时态是一般过去时，第一个空用动词过去式succeeded；再由“It was a great…”可知，冠词a修饰可数名词单数，第二个空填success。故选D。 2．Her father is a ___________ businessman, and she also wants to have ________. A．success; successful B．succeed; success C．successful; success D．successfully; succeed 【答案】C 【解析】句意：她的父亲是一个成功的商人，她也想要成功。 考查形容词和名词。success成功，名词；successful成功的，形容词；succeed成功，动词；successfully成功地，副词。根据“ a...businessman”，a+adj.+n，此处缺少形容词，应填successful；第二空前have是动词，横线上应填名词success作宾语。故选C。 3．If you work , you will be in the future. A．hard, successful B．hardly, successful C．hard, successfully D．hardly, successfully 【答案】A 【解析】句意：如果你努力工作，你将来就会成功。 考查副词词义辨析以及形容词的用法。hard努力地（副词）；hardly几乎不，位于实义动词之前，系动词、情态动词、第一个助动词之后（副词）；successful成功的（形容词）；successfully成功地。第一空前有实义动词work，所以用副词hard；第二空前有be动词，结合句意可知，第二空需要形容“successful”作表语。故选A。 4．Work hard, ______ you will succeed. A．and B．or C．but D．so 【答案】A 【解析】句意：努力工作，你就会成功。 考查连词。and而且、然后，表顺承；or或者，表选择；but但是，表转折；so所以，表因果。根据上文“Work hard”和下文“you will succeed”，上下文表递进关系，可知此处为“祈使句+ and+陈述句”结构。故选A。 5．Don’t lose heart. If you keep working hard, you _________ some day. A．will succeed B．are succeeding C．succeeded D．have succeeded 【答案】A 【解析】句意：别灰心。如果你继续努力，总有一天你会成功的。 考查条件状语从句的时态。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句“If you keep working hard”是一般现在时，所以主句应用一般将来时，“will+动词原形”表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，因此用will succeed。故选A。 6．—How did you finish the 20-page history report in one night? —I had to ________ most of the historical details because I ran out of time to research. A．find out B．take down C．make up D．look through 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你怎么在一个晚上完成20页的历史报告的？——我不得不编造大部分历史细节，因为我没时间去研究了。    考查动词短语辨析。find out查明；take down记下；make up编造；look through浏览。根据“ran out of time to research”可知没时间研究，只能“编造”细节，故选C。 7．We all got wet in the rain because ________ of us had an umbrella. A．both B．neither C．none D．all 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们都被雨淋湿了，因为我们都没有带伞。 考查代词辨析。both两者都；neither两者都不；none三者及以上都不；all三者及以上都。根据“We all”可知，此处的人数是三者或三者以上，排除选项A和B；根据“We all got wet”可知，都淋湿了说明都没有带伞，应用表否定的none。故选C。 8．Our Chinese teacher asked me to ________more information about the famous writer Lu Xun online and share it with our classmates in the next class. A．find out B．blow out C．cut out D．take out 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们的语文老师让我在网上找出更多关于著名作家鲁迅的信息，并在下次课上与同学们分享。    考查动词短语辨析。find out找出；blow out吹灭；cut out裁剪、删除；take out取出、带出去。 根据“online”和“information”可知，此处指通过网络“找出”信息，符合语境的是find out。故选A。 9．Dad asked me to ________ the music a little because grandma was sleeping in the next room. A．turn off B．turn down C．turn into 【答案】B 【解析】句意：爸爸让我把音乐调低一点，因为奶奶在隔壁房间睡觉。 考查动词短语辨析。turn off 关闭；turn down调低；turn into变成。根据“Dad asked me to ... the music a little because grandma was sleeping”可知需要调低音量以免打扰奶奶，故选B。 10．The government in Chengdu ________ many ways to help lower the stress of students in the past few years. A．came up with B．has come up with C．had come up with 【答案】B 【解析】句意：在过去的几年里，成都市政府想出了许多方法来帮助减轻学生的压力。 考查时态辨析。in the past few years意为“在过去几年里”，所在句子用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+done”，主语为“The government”，助动词用has，故选B。 二、阅读表达 根据短文内容回答下列各问题。 Ma Hua graduated from Fudan University. He had a good career in IT and a great life in Shanghai, but he felt there was something missing from his life. He wanted to help others to improve their lives, so in March 2013 he gave up his job. Then he moved to south-west China to do voluntary work in a village primary school. He soon became an important member of the local people. In his class, he painted pictures on the walls to help students remember English words. He also spent his money building a playground for the children. Ma Hua quickly got used to his new life. He got great satisfaction(满意) from his work and felt very happy, even though life there was hard---he had to melt(融化) ice for water and grow vegetables for food. When he was free, he wrote poems describing the peace and beauty around him. Sometimes he would go walking in the mountains and enjoy the beautiful view. Sadly Ma Hua was killed in a car accident in July 2014 at the age of 31. His death was a great loss to all those who knew him, but it is a comfort to know that he lived happily, doing what he loved and enriching the lives of others. 1．When did Ma Hua give up his job in Shanghai? 2．What did Ma Hua build for the primary school children? . 3．Did Ma Hua enjoy his life in the village? 4．Why did Ma Hua gave up his job in Shanghai? . 5．What can we learn from Ma Hua? . 【答案】1．In March 2013. 2．A playground. 3．Yes. 4．Because he wanted to help others to improve their lives. 5．Learn to do what we love and enrich the lives of others / help others  (意思对即可) 【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了从复旦大学毕业的学生马华本来在上海有很好的工作但是为了帮助其他人改善生活，他放弃了自己的工作来到西南部的农村做了一名志愿者。不幸的是，马华在一次事故中去世。 1．根据短文第一段第三句He wanted to help others to improve their lives, so in March 2013 he gave up his job. 可知他放弃工作的时间，故填In March 2013. 2．根据第二段He also spent his money building a playground for the children.可知他为当地孩子建了操场，故填A playground. 3．根据第三段开头可知马华喜欢他在村里的生活，故填Yes. 4．根据第一段第三句话He wanted to help others to improve their lives, so in March 2013 he gave up his job. 可知马华放弃工作的原因是想帮助其他人改善生活。故填Because he wanted to help others to improve their lives. 5．根据短文可以有多种感受，积极向上就可以，Learn to do what we love and enrich the lives of others / help others (意思对即可) 三、补全对话 用适当的短语或句子将对话补充完整 A：Excuse me, I am a reporter from CCTV. 1 ? B：Sure, please. A：China Dream has become the hottest topic since our president Xi Jinping mentioned it in his first public speech. Can you tell me what your dream is? B： 2 . My dream is to become the Minister of Education. A：So great! 3 ? B：Because I want to help the left-behind children (留守儿童).Their parents go into the city to work. They are living a hard, lonely, even dangerous life! A： 4 ? B：I will set up many schools in the city. So the children can not only get good education, but also enjoy parents' love. A：Sounds great! Everyone's dream makes up our China Dream! I hope that 5 . B：Thank you. 【答案】1．May I ask you some questions 2．Sure/ Certainly/Of course 3．Why do you want to be  the Minister of Education/ Why do you have such a dream 4．What will you do for them/ How will you help them 5．your dream will come true/you can realize your dream 【解析】本文讲述了一位记者采访了我，问了关于我的梦想。为什么会有这样的梦想？可以做些什么？我将在这个城市建立许多学校。让孩子不仅可以得到良好的教育，而且享受父母的爱。 1．根据后文问你的梦想是什么？还提问了好几个问题？结合记者采访一般是问问题，故答案为May I ask you some questions。 2．根据问题是你的梦想是什么？后文也告诉了他的梦想，所以此处应该是当然。故答案为Sure/ Certainly/Of course。 3．根据回答是Because I want to help the left-behind children 因为我想帮助留守儿童，故答案为Why do you want to be the Minister of Education/ Why do you have such a dream。 4．根据I will set up many schools in the city.我将在这个城市建立许多学校。所以是措施，提问应该是你将为他们做什么？故答案为What will you do for them/ How will you help them。 5．根据I hope和回答是谢谢，所以此处应该是我希望你梦想成真。故答案为your dream will come true/you can realize your dream。 一、基础词汇 1. missing (adj.) 缺少的；丢失的 2. solve(v.) 解决；解答 3. blind (adj.) 失明的；瞎的 4. deaf (adj.) 失聪的；聋的 5. ability (n.) 能力 6. progress (n.) 进步；进展 7. remain(v.) 仍然是；保持不变 8. government (n.) 政府 9. anybody( pron.) 任何人 10. chemistry (n.) 化学 11. condition (n.) 环境；条件；状态，状况 12. survey(v.) 调查 (n.) 调查 13.neighbour (n.) 邻居 14. produce (v.)生产；出产 二、拓展词汇 1. successful adj. (名词) success 成功 (动词)succeed 成功 2. leader n. →(动词) lead 领导；导致 3. writer n. →(动词) write 写 4. illness n. →(形容词) ill 有病的 5. decision n. →(动词) decide 决定 6. worst adj. & adv. (原级) bad(ly) 坏的（地）；糟的（地） (比较级)worse 更坏的（地）；更糟的（地） 7. whom pron. →(主格) who 谁 8. introduction n. →(动词) introduce 介绍；引进 9. medical adj. →(名词) medicine 医学；药 10. educator n. →(名词) education 教育 11. meaning n. →(动词) mean 意思是 三、重点短语 deep in thought 深思;沉思 succeed in 在……方面成功;顺利完成 Theory of Relativity 相对论 go on 继续 in the field of... 在……领域 the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 pass away (婉辞)去世 nuclear weapon 核武器 together with... 同……一起 Father of Hybrid Rice 杂交水稻之父 fall behind 落后 make a lot of progress 取得很大进步 T.B. (tuberculosis 的缩写)肺结核 remain in use 仍在使用 be well known for... 因……而闻名;众所周知 the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression抗日战争 make a decision 做决定 first aid 急救 day after day 一天又一天 set up 建立 crossword puzzle 纵横字谜游戏 based on... 基于……;以……为基础 一、完形填空 Once there lived in our town a poor family. They were so 1 that there was almost nothing in the house but a pot under a broken table. In it there was a little rice 2 from their neighbor for the coming New Year. On New Year's Eve, the wife had already fallen asleep, but the husband was 3 in bed, worrying about their life. Suddenly he heard someone breaking into the house. "It must be a 4 ," he thought, " but it doesn't matter. The thief can steal nothing. " He didn't shout or move, but he kept watching over the thief. The thief came into the house and was only interested in the rice under the table. "But 5 can I take it away?" the thief thought hard. Then he had an idea. He took off his coat, put it on the ground between the bed and the table and turned 6 to take the pot. Now the husband knew what the thief would do. He 7 up the coat quickly and covered himself with it 8 the thief turned back. The thief took the pot, and poured the rice onto the coat. Then he began to feel it. But he was 9 to find that his coat was gone. " Hey! " he shouted out. The voice woke up the wife. She asked her husband, " Did you hear any sound? Maybe there is a thief in the room. " "Shut up! " replied her husband. "Go back to sleep. There is no thief in the room. " "That's impossible," the thief said 10 "If there isn't a thief, then, where is my coat?" 1．A．good B．kind C．happy D．poor 2．A．borrowed B．asked C．lent D．taken 3．A．speaking B．lying C．talking D．looking 4．A．daughter B．mouse C．son D．thief 5．A．what B．why C．how D．when 6．A．around B．off C．over D．on 7．A．hung B．called C．picked D．put 8．A．before B．after C．until D．because 9．A．afraid B．surprised C．pleased D．excited 10．A．slowly B．politely C．carefully D．loudly 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．D 【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了一个贼去一个穷人家去偷东西，想用衣服装上人家的米，没想到是的衣服被穷人拿走了。 1．考查形容词及语境的理解。根据上文Once there lived in our town a poor family.是个贫困的家庭，可知他们是如此的贫穷以至于除了坏了的桌子下由一个壶外什么都没有了。故选D，贫穷的。 2．考查动词及语境的理解。在壶里面有一点从邻居家里借来的为即将到来的新年准备的大米，根据上文他的贫穷状况，可知米是借来的，主语借进，故用borrow，故选A。 3．考查动词及语境的理解。在新年的前夕妻子已经睡着了但是丈夫躺在床上，担忧着他们的生活，根据后文，可知丈夫没有说话，只是躺着，故选B，躺着。 4．考查名词及语境的理解。根据后文可知丈夫猜测那是个贼，故选D。贼。 5．考查动词及语境的理解。根据后文可知贼在努力的思考怎样把米拿走，故选C，怎样。 6．考查副词及语境的理解。他脱下衣服，放在床和桌子之间的地上，然后转过身拿壶。turn over,转身，故选C。 7．考查动词及语境的理解。根据上下文，可知他很快的捡起衣服，pick up ,捡起，故选C。 8．考查连词及语境的理解。在贼转过身来之前把衣服盖在了他自己身上，根据句意，故选A，在···之前。 9．考查动词及语境的理解。根据上文可知贼不知道他的衣服没有了，所以当他摸不到衣服会感到吃惊，故选B，吃惊的。 10．考查名词及语境的理解。贼大声地说，那是不可能的，如果没有贼，我的上衣去了哪里。根据情景，故选D，大声地。 考点：幽默故事类短文。 二、短文填空 Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. As a child, he was slow 1 (learn) to talk. As a pupil, he was backward. But when he was fourteen years old, he became clever. He taught 2 (he) maths from textbooks. He studied hard because he wanted to be a physicist. In 1901, Einstein began teaching. In 1902 he continued his studies at the University of Zurich. Several years 3 (late), he formulated(系统地阐述)his famous Theory of Relativity(相对论).To most people, the law of relativity is difficult to explain. But once Einstein explained it very 4 (good)to a group of young students. He said，“When you sit with a good girl for two hours, you think it is only a minute. But when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it's two hours. That is relativity.” After Hitler came into power in Germany, Einstein went to America. In 1940 Einstein became an 5 (America) citizen. In 1955, Einstein's life ended at the age of seventy-six. 【答案】1．to learn 2．himself 3．later 4．well 5．American 【解析】爱因斯坦是世界上著名的科学家，他最著名的理论是相对论，这是一个很难理解的理论。这篇短文给我们介绍了爱因斯坦的生平。 1．句意：小时候，他学习数学非常慢。 learn学习，是一个动词。这句话中使用了句型：主语+be+形容词+to do sth.，因此这里应用动词不定式形式。故答案为to learn。 2．句意：他从课本上自学数学。 he他，是人称代词主格形式。根据句子结构可知，该空是taught的宾语，且结合句意“他教自己……”，这里应用反身代词。故答案为himself。 3．句意：几年之后，他系统地阐述了他的相对论。 late可以作形容词或副词，意为“晚，迟到”。空前several years表示一段时间，后面应跟副词later，表示“一段时间之后”。故答案为later。 4．句意：但是有一次爱因斯坦给一群年轻的学生们把相对论解释得很好。 good好的，是一个形容词。根据句子结构可知，这个空修饰的是前面的explained这一动词，所以应用副词形式。故答案为well。 5．句意：在1940年，爱因斯坦成为了一个美国公民。 America美国，是国家的名称。根据句意和空后的名词citizen可知，这里表示“美国的公民”，应用形容词形式，故答案为American。 【点睛】这是一篇记叙文，短文介绍了关于爱因斯坦的一些事情。文章主题明确，且爱因斯坦这个人是学生们都比较熟悉的，因此文意比较容易理解。题型是语法填空，要求根据文意，用所给单词的适当形式填空，考查单词在语境中的使用。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据语境提示，结合所给单词在句中的作用以及句中使用的句型、时态等，变化单词的适当形式。这几个题目考查了非谓语动词、反身代词、副词以及形容词的用法，如第1小题，这句话中使用了句型：主语+be+形容词+to do sth.，因此这里应用动词不定式形式。故答案为to learn。再如第5小题，America美国，是国家的名称。根据句意和空后的名词citizen可知，这里表示“美国的公民”，应用形容词形式，故答案为American。 3、 阅读理解 （A） The teacher invited a little boy's mother to attend his elementary school's first parents' meeting. His mother said she would go but the boy was disappointed. This would be the first time that his classmates and teacher met his mother and he was embarrassed by her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar(伤疤) that covered nearly the whole right side of her face. The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar. At the meeting, the people were impressed by the kindness of his mother, but the little boy was still embarrassed and hid himself from everyone. However, he heard a conversation between his mother and his teacher. "How did you get the scar on your face?" the teacher asked. The mother replied, " When my son was a baby, the room he was in caught fire. Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control, but I rushed in at once. As I was running towards his crib(婴儿床) , I saw a beam (房梁) coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked down. But fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us. " She touched the burned side of her face. " This scar will be permanent , but until today, I have never regretted doing what I did. " At this point, the little boy came out running towards his mother with tears in his eyes. He hugged her and felt the love of his mother. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。 1．From the first paragraph, we know that the boy was disappointed because A．he didn't do well in the exam B．his mother didn't want to go to the meeting C．his mother would go to the meeting D．his teacher didn't want to see his mother 2．What did the people think of the boy's mother? A．Shy. B．Ugly. C．Careful. D．Kind. 3．The underlined word " permanent" in the fourth paragraph means " " in Chinese. A．永久的 B．美丽的 C．丑陋的 D．短暂的 4．Hearing his mother's story, the boy will ______ . A．save his mother in danger B．love his mother more than before C．study harder to thank his mother D．hate his teacher more than before 5．What can be the best title for the passage? A．A parents' meeting B．A bad boy C．A good teacher D．Mother's love 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．D 【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了一个男孩的妈妈脸上有一道疤痕。男孩对他妈妈的长相感到尴尬。但是当他听到那道疤痕是因为妈妈为了救他而留下，男孩不再为妈妈脸上的疤痕而自卑。他骄傲因为妈妈的爱。 1．细节理解题。根据短文This would be the first time that his classmates and teacher met his mother and he was embarrassed by her appearance可知他失望的原因是如果妈妈去了他会尴尬，故选C 2．推理判断题。根据At the meeting, the people were impressed by the kindness of his mother,可知人们被妈妈的善良感动，故推测人们认为妈妈善良。故选D 3．推理判断题。根据后句的转折but until today, I have never regretted doing what I did. 但是直到今天，我从没为我做的事后悔过，可以推测上句的意思是这块伤疤会永远留在脸上，故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据短文最后小男孩走了出来，满含热泪奔向妈妈，拥抱着她，故选B 5．标题归纳题。根据短文的主旨大意可知主要是描述，妈妈对孩子无私的爱，故选D 考点：故事类短文阅读。 （B） People all over the world eat rice. Millions of people in Asia, Africa and South America live on it. Some people eat almost nothing but rice. Rice is a kind of grass. There are more than 7,000 kinds of rice. Most kinds are water plants. Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the south of the United States and in eastern Australia. China is the world’s largest rice-growing country. In 2003, China grew 166 million tons of rice. But it is not easy to feed the world’s largest population. In the 1960s, thousands of Chinese died because they didn’t have enough food to eat. In the 1970s, Yuan Longping, a Chinese scientist, grew a new kind of rice called hybrid rice. It makes 20% more rice than any other kind. Hybrid rice is a stronger plant, unlike ordinary rice. It can grow in lots of water or in not much water. It doesn’t easily get diseases or worms. Today, half of China’s rice plants are Yuan’s special hybrid rice. China uses Yuan’s hybrid rice to grow much more rice than before. Yuan is known as the Father of Hybrid Rice. He won the World Food Prize for his work to help feed so many people. 1．Rice is grown ________ in the world. A．in lots of countries B．only for humans C．only on wet land D．by Chinese farmers 2．China ________ in the world. A．offers the best rice to people B．is the world’s largest rice-growing country C．has the largest farmland D．is short of rice 3．________ Chinese died because they didn’t have enough food to eat in the 1960s. A．Tens of B．Hundreds of C．Thousands of D．Millions of 4．Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice ________. A．gets sick more often B．is ordinary rice C．can grow without water D．can make more rice than the others 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文介绍了世界各地的人们吃水稻。中国是世界上生产水稻最多的国家。中国科学家袁隆平研发的杂交水稻生产出更多的水稻。 1．细节理解题。根据Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the south of the United States and in eastern Australia.可知，世界上许多国家种植水稻，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据China is the world’s largest rice-growing country.可知，中国是世界上水稻种植最多的国家，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据In the 1960s, thousands of Chinese died because they didn’t have enough food to eat.可知，在20世纪60年代，因为没有足够的食物吃，好几千中国人死去。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据In the 1970s, Yuan Longping, a Chinese scientist, grew a new kind of rice called hybrid rice. It makes 20% more rice than any other kind.可知，袁隆平的杂交水稻能生产出比其他水稻更多的水稻。故选D。 【点睛】认真阅读题干，根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句或段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，推理判断和概括归纳，选出正确的选项。例如小题1，根据Farmers grow rice in many countries, even in the south of the United States and in eastern Australia.可知，世界上许多国家种植水稻，故选A。 （C） Tu Youyou, born in 1930, is a Chinese medical scientist. She won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for finding out artemisinin (also known as Qinghaosu), which saved millions of lives. When Tu was a high school student, she became interested in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern western medicine. She kept her work in the1960s and1970s. In that age, Malaria (疟疾) could take away people's lives. Scientists all over the world had already tried over 240,000 times but failed. Tu Youyou, a member of the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, BeiJing, began to study Chinese herbs (药草). Before 2011, people didn’t know Tu very much. Many friends played jokes on her “the Professor of Three None’s”: no high degree (学历), no study experience abroad, not a member of any Chinese national academies. But she is hard-working. She read a lot of traditional Chinese medicine books and did a lot of research. In February, 2012, Tu was named “National Outstanding Females” (One of the Ten). Tu is now a model of Chinese medical workers. 1．Tu Youyou won the2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine because ________. A．she found out Qinghaosu B．she grew some new herb C．she studied traditional Chinese medicine D．she saved many lives with Chinese herbs 2．Tu Youyou became interested in medicine as ________. A．a member of an academy B．a Junior school student C．a high school student D．a college student 3．Tu Youyou is a successful scientist with ________. A．a high degree B．a sense of duty C．an unhealthy body D．a study experience abroad 4．How old was Tu Youyou when she was named “National Outstanding Females”? A．80 years old. B．81 years old. C．82 years old. D．83 years old. 5．From the passage, we can lean Tu Youyou is a ________ woman. A．funny B．friendly C．serious D．hard-working 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 【解析】短文主要介绍2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者屠呦呦。 1．句意：屠呦呦获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖是因为她发现了青蒿素。 细节理解题。A. 她发现了青蒿素。B.她种了些新草药。C.她学习中医。D.她用中药救了许多人的命。短文首段第二句说：She won the2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for finding out artemisinin (also known as Qinghaosu)...（她因发现青蒿素而获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖……）故选A。 2．句意：屠呦呦高中时便对医学感兴趣。 细节理解题。A.研究院的成员，B.初中生，C.高中生，D.大学生。首段第三句说：When Tu was a high school student, she became interested in both traditional Chinese medicine and modern western medicine.（当屠呦呦还是个高中生的时候，她对中医和现代西医都很感兴趣。）故选C。 3．句意：屠呦呦是一位有责任感的成功科学家。 推理判断题。A.高学历，B.责任感，C.身体不健康，D.海外求学经历。短文第三段第三句说，屠呦呦被朋友嘲笑是“三无”教授（no high degree, no study experience abroad, not a member of any Chinese national academies）。由此可判断A、D两项错误。短文首段最后几句说：In that age, Malaria (疟疾) could take away people's lives. Scientists all over the world had already tried over 240,000 times but failed. Tu Youyou, began to study Chinese herbs (那时，疟疾夺走了人们的生命。世界科学家已经尝试了240,000多次，但都没有成功。屠呦呦开始研究药草).由此可判断“屠呦呦是个有责任感的科学家”。短文未提及C项内容。故选B。 4．句意：屠呦呦多少岁时被评为“全国优秀女性”？ 推理判断题。短文末段首句说：In February, 2012, Tu was named “National Outstanding Females”.（ 2012年2月，屠呦呦被评为“全国优秀女性”。）且首段提及屠呦呦出生于1930年那么，2012年2月，屠呦呦被评为“全国优秀女性”时是82岁。故选C。 5．句意：从文章中，我们可以看出屠呦呦是一个工作努力的女人。 细节理解题。A. funny滑稽的，B. friendly友好的，C. serious严肃的，D. hard-working工作努力的。短文第二段倒数第二句说：But she is hard-working.（但是她努力工作。）故选D。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$