专题8 动词五大要点归纳(讲义)-重庆市2026年高职分类考试一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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编写说明:重庆市2026年高职分类考试一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是重庆市2026年高职分类考试一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题,内容为动词。
重庆市2026年高职分类考试一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题8 动词(讲+练)
【考点解读】
纵观近几年的高职高考题,知识点多集中在情态动词、行为动词基本用法(特别是固定短语),多出现在单项选择、完形填空以及句型转换等题型中。
动词考点重点概述:
1. 动词词义辨析:结合语境理解动词含义,高频词汇如“control,stop,hurt,help,”“borrow,make,print,waste”“escape,agree,leave,refuse”等。
2. 动词固定短语:如“want to do sth.”“ask sb to do sth.”。
3. 句型转换:改一般疑问句、否定句和反义疑问句,如“He will...”The girl can...”“He is...”改一般疑问句;“Tom goes to bed...”“Sally wants to visit...”改否定句。
【知识点清单】
【要点精讲】
一、 动词的定义及分类
(一)定义:表示动作或状态的词叫作动词,它是构成句子的核心,是英语句子中不可缺少的重要组成
部分。动词有时态、语态和语气的变化。
(二)分类
动词可以分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。另外,动词有五种基本形式:以动词do为例,原形为do,第三人称单数形式为does,过去式为did,过去分词为done,现在分词为doing。这五种形式和助动词一起构成动词的各种时态、语态和语气。
二、动词的用法
(一)连系动词
1.连系动词定义
连系动词是用来辅助说明主语的词,本身有词义,但是不能单独作谓语,必须与表语构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等,表语通常为形容词。
2.连系动词的分类:
(1)表示主语状态和特征的词:be动词
He is a talent singer. 他是一名有天赋的歌手。
The teachers in our school are very friendly to us. 我们学校的老师都很友善对待我们。
(2)表示主语状态变化的:become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come等。
When autumn comes, the leaves turn yellow. 秋天来了,树叶黄了。
It is getting hotter and hotter after Grain Buds. 天气变得越来越热了。
(3)表示某种状态延续或持续的词:keep、remain、stay等。
Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。
(4)感官动词:look、feel、smell、sound、taste、touch、appear、seem 等作连系动词时 ,通常用形容词作表语。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软 。
The food my mother cooks tastes very nice. 我妈妈煮的饭尝起来好吃。
【即时训练】
( ) 1. The milk ____ sour after being left out overnight.
A. turned B. looked C. smelled D. grew
( ) 2.The music ____ familiar, but I couldn't remember where I'd heard it before.
A. tasted B. smelled C. sounded D. felt
( ) 3.The dish ____ delicious, but the strong smell made me hesitant to try it.
A. looked B. sounded C. tasted D.smelled
( ) 4. The old man ____ happy to see his grandson.
A. tastes B. looks C. grows D. goes
( ) 5. The bread ____ soft after heating.
A. goes B. remains C. gets D. looks
(二)行为动词
1.行为动词定义
行为动词又称为实义动词 ,它有实在的意义 ,在句子中可独立作谓语。
2.行为动词分类
(1)行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后可以直接接宾语;不及物动词后不能直接接宾语,如果要接宾语必须加上适当的介词。
Jimmy plays(及物动词) volleyball(宾语) everyday. 吉米每天打排球。
My mother always takes(不及物动词) good care of(介词) us(宾语).妈妈总是细心照顾我们。
(2)常见行为动词的搭配
①后接 to do作宾语的动词
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事(计划 、安排等)
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
help(to) do sth. 帮助做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
manage to do sth. 设法做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
promise to do sth. 答应做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
would like to do sth.
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
Can you manage to repair this broken desk? 你能设法修理这个坏掉的桌子吗?
What would you like to have for dinner? 晚餐你想吃点什么?
②后接doing作宾语的动词
can’t help doing- sth. 情不自禁做某事
do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
keep(on) doing sth. 坚持做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
practise doing sth. 练习做某事
like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
fancy doing sth. 幻想做某事
hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事遇到困难
insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做...胜过做...
spend sometime(in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
advise dong sth.建议做某事
Thank you for giving me such a nice gift.谢谢你给我了如此一个漂亮的礼物。
We are really looking forward to having a big dinner with you.我们真的很期盼与你共进晚餐。
③后接 do的动词 (省略to)作宾语补足语。
感官动词:see/hear/notice/find sb.+do sth.
使役动词:let/have/make sb.+do sth.
This funny story made us laugh a lot. 这个搞笑的故事让我们开怀大笑。
They often hear someone play the guitar opposite the building.他们经常听见有人在对面那栋楼弹吉他。
④动词词组(固定搭配)
● agree
agree with sb. 同意某人
agree on就某事达成协议
agree to 同意(计划 、安排等)
● break
break down破坏,粉碎;出故障
break in 闯入;打断
breakout爆发
break the law 违反法律
break the record打破纪录
● call
call back回电话
call at拜访(后接地点)
call off取消
call up打电话;使回忆起
call on 拜访(后接被拜访的对象) ;号召
call in 召来
call for邀请;要求
● come
come from 来自
come into进入
come up长出,发芽
come home回家
come true 实现
come back回来
come out出来;版
come along 一道来
come into use开始使用
come to an end结束
come in进来
come down倒塌;降下来
come across偶然遇到
come to oneself苏醒过来
come on 快点;加油;跟着来
come to 总计
● cut
cut in插嘴
cut down砍倒
cut off切断;中断(供应、联系)
cut out剪下;删除;戒掉(坏习惯)
cut up切碎;分割
cut into切入;打断(谈话)
● drop
drop by/in顺便来访
drop behind落后;落伍
drop a line写信给某人
drop off放下;(让某人)下车;减弱
● fall
fall in love with爱上(某人)
fall behind落在后面
fall ill/asleep/silent生病/睡着/沉默
fall into 陷入;养成
fall into a habit of养成...习惯
fall down摔倒;倒塌
● get
get up起床
get on/along(well) with与某人相处(融洽) ;....进展(顺利)
get on上车(船、飞机、马等)
get off下车(船、飞机、马等)
get back回去
get home到家
get out(of) (从...) 出去
get together聚会
get hold of获得,取得
get down下来
get ready for为 … … 做准备
get into进入;陷入
get to到达
get through通过;度过;完成
get over越过;恢复;克服
get used to习惯于
● go
go out出去;熄灭
go away走开
go down下降;下沉
go up上升;攀登
go ahead继续向前走
go back回去;回顾
go in进入
go without没有...也行
go into走进...
go against违背
go by时间流逝;从旁经过
go through经历
go over温习;复习
go swimming/shopping/dancing/fishing/去游泳/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营
● give
give away泄露;赠送
give back归还
give in屈服;让步,投降
give up放弃
give off放出、发出(气体 、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)
● have
have a rest休息一下
have a cough(患) 咳嗽
have a cold感冒
have a try试一试
have a look看一看
have a seat坐下,就座
have a picnic举行野餐
have a favor帮忙
have a bath/shower洗澡,淋浴
have a class上课
have a meal吃一顿饭
have a good time玩得高兴
have fun玩得高兴
have something to do with与...有关
have nothing to do with与...无关
● keep
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep in touch with与...保持联系
keep sth. in mind记住(某事物)
keep(on) doing sth. 继续做某事
● look
look for寻找
look after照顾
look over查看
lookup抬头看;查找
look forward to 渴望,向往
look at看着
look up to尊敬
look down upon瞧不起
look like看起来像
look into调查
look out当心
look out of往...外看
look around环顾四周
look back回顾,回想
look as if/though看起来好像
look through 透过...看;翻阅,浏览
● make
make a decision做出决定
make progress取得进步
make a mistake犯错误
make a face做鬼脸
make up编造,虚构;打扮;弥补
make use of使用,利用
make friends with与...交朋友
be made up of由...组成
make oneself at home随便,别拘束
be made from用...材料做成(制成品中看不出原材料)
be made of用...材料制成(制成品中看得出原材料)
● put
put off推迟
put up举起;建造;张贴
put...into把...放入
put away把...暂时收起来;储存...备用
put on 穿上;上演
put out扑灭
put one’s heart into 全神贯注
put down写下;放下
● pick
pick out挑选
pick and choose挑挑拣拣
pick up拾起;捡起;拿起;收听;用车接送客人、货物;收拾,整理
● set
set out/set off动身,出发,启程
set sb. free释放,放走
set sail扬帆起航
set up创办;树立;搭起
set an example to sb./set sb. an example为某人树立榜样
● turn
turn on 打开(电灯等)
turn off关闭(电灯等)
turn down把音量调小一点
turn up把音量调大一点;出现
turn to 朝向;变成;求助于
turn...into...把...变成...
turn round/around回头
turn to sb. 转向某人
turn out结果证明是
● take
take off(飞机) 起飞;脱掉(衣服)
take out取出
take photos照相
take turns轮流
take a shower淋浴,洗澡
take care小心,当心
take part in参与,参加
take away拿走
take up占据时间、空间;开始从事;拿起
take time花费(时间)
take a seat就座
take care of照顾
take one’s temperature量体温
take it easy别着急,慢慢来
take one’s place/take the place of坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务
● think
think about考虑;研究;思考
think over仔细考虑
think highly of看重,器重
think of考虑;关心;想起;对...有某种看法
● try
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等)
try doing试着做某事
try one’s best to do尽力去做某事
● work
work as担任;以...身份工作
work on从事于;致力于
work out做出;设计出;制作出;算出,解决
work hard at努力做...
注“动词 +副词”构成的短语,若宾语是人称代词宾格,放在动词和副词之间,如:try them on试穿它们。
【即时训练】
( ) 1.The heavy rain ______ it difficult for us to finish the work on time.
A. made B. let C. had D. found
( ) 2.She ______ asleep as soon as she lay down on the bed.
A. fell B. felt C. feel D. fall
( ) 3. I often ______ about going to study abroad, but I haven't made a decision yet.
A. think over B. think about C. think up D. think out
( ) 4.We decided ______ on a picnic this weekend.
A. go B. going C. to go D. went
( ) 5.My mother always tells me ______ waste food.
A. don't B. not C. to not D. not to
(三)助动词
助动词一般没有词义,不能单独作谓语,必须与动词原形或分词 一起构成合成谓语,可帮助实义动词、连系动词构成否定、疑 问、时态和语态。最常用的助动词有do、does、did、have、has、had、will、shall、would、should等。
John doesn’t like playing football. 约翰不喜欢踢足球。
Have you finished your homework? 你完成了你的家庭作业了吗?
(四)情态动词
1.情态动词定义
情态动词本身有一定的词义,但是不能独立作谓语,只能放在行为动词、连系动词前一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词一般无人称和数的变化(have to除外) 。从本质上说,情态动词相当于一种助动词,它可以构成否定句、疑问句等。
2.情态动词用法
(1)can
①表示能力,与be able to同义
All of us can talk and walk. 我们都能说会走。
②表示请求或允许,与may相同
Can you give me a hand? 你能帮我一下吗?
③表示可能性的推测,一般用于否定句和疑问句
Mr. Yang has gone to Beijing to attend a meeting. It can’t be him in the school.
杨先生到北京开会了,他不可能在学校。
(2)could
①用于句首,表示委婉的请求或允许
Could you please pass me the water? 你能把水递给我吗?
② could have done表示本可以做的事没有做
You could have afforded to buy the car. 你本来可以买下这辆车的。
③ can的过去式
Could you swim at the age of six? 你在六岁时会游泳了?
(3)may
①表示许可、允许、请求
May I use your English for a while? 我可以用一会儿你的英语书吗?
注:回答may提出的问题时
肯定回答为“Yes, please./Yes, you may.”
否定回答为“No, you mustn’t/No, you can,t.”
—May I leave and play now? —我可以离开去玩吗?
—No, you can,t. —不行。
②表示祝愿
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
③表示可能性
We maybe go to Chongqing on May Day. 我们五一可能去重庆。
(4)might
①表示请求、允许,语气比 may更委婉
Might I trouble you to pass me the book? 麻烦你把那本书递给我好吗?
②may的过去式
They said that they might be at home at that time. 他们说他们那个时候可能在家。
(5)shall
①用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方的意愿或提出建议
Shall we finish this project on Friday? 我们可以在周五完成这个项目吗?
②用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁
You shall fail if you don’t study hard. 如果你不努力学习,你会失败的。
(6)should
①表示劝告、建议,意为“应该”
You should be more patient. 你应该更耐心点。
② should have done表示本应该做的事没有做。
Your mother is worrying about you. You should have phoned her.
你妈妈正担心你,你本应该给她打电话的。
(7)will
①表示意志或意愿,可用于各种人称,过去时用would
Will you please do me a favor? 你愿意帮我吗?
He said he would help me. 他说他会帮助我。
②表示请求、建议等,用于第二人称的疑问句。would的语气更委婉,此时would不是 will的过去式。
Will you come here for a moment? 你能来这里一下吗?
Would you like to wait for a moment? 请稍等一下好吗?
③表示注定
People will die without air and water. 没有空气和水,人们会死亡。
(8)must
①表示必须、应该,指主观方面;have to指客观方面
You must wear a seatbelt in the car. 你必须系安全带。
You mustn’t smoke here. 禁止吸烟。
I have to pay taxes every year.我每年都得交税。强调客观义务(如法律、规定或他人要求)
②用 must提问时,否定回答一般用 needn’t或 don’t have to
— Must I pay for the ticket at once? —我必须立刻支付门票费吗?
— No, you needn’t. —不必。
③表示推测,用于肯定句中,其否定形式为 can,t
The light is on. He must be at home now 灯亮着,他现在一定在家。
④ mustn’t表示禁止、不允许
You mustn’t play by the river. It’s dangerous. 你们不许在河边玩,太危险了。
(9)need。
①作情态动词,用于疑问句和否定句。needn’t do sth. 意为“没有必要做某事 ”。
We needn’t worry about the test. We have tried our best.我们没必要担心考试。我们已经尽全力了。
注:用need提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't
—Need I call him up right now? —我有必要现在就给他打电话吗?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. — 是的,你必须。/不,没必要。
②作行为动词,need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事 ”,否定形式为“助动词 +not+need to do sth.。
I need to get some sleep. 我需要睡会儿觉。
need doing=need to be done (主动形式表被动意义)。
Your coat needs washing.= Your coat needs to be washed. 你的外套需要洗了。
(10)dare
①作情态动词,用于疑问句和否定句。否定形式:dare not+do sth.
He dare not stay at home alone. 他不敢独自一人待在家。
How dare you say that? 你怎么敢那样说呢?
②作行为动词,dare(to) do sth. 意为“敢于做某事”,否定形式为“助动词+not+dare(to) do sth.”。
Do you dare (to) make a speech in front of others? 你敢在别人面前做演讲吗?
My younger sister don’t dare(to) walk in the dark. 我的妹妹不敢在黑夜里行走。
(11)ought to
表示“应该”,同should
You ought to go to bed before 9:30a.m. 你应该在晚上9:30之前上床睡觉。
【即时训练】
( ) 1 . Is that Mary over there?— It ______ be her. She’s on a business trip in Shanghai.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
( ) 2 . ______ you pass me the salt, please?
A. Must B. Need C. Could D. Shall
( ) 3 . He ______ have missed the train. I saw him at the station just now.
A. must B. should C. would D. might
( )4 ._____ I use your laptop for a minute?— Sure, go ahead.
A. May B. Need C. Must D. Would
( )5 .You ______ water the plants today. It rained heavily last night.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
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编写说明:重庆市2026年高职分类考试一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是重庆市2026年高职分类考试一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第8个专题,内容为动词。
重庆市2026年高职分类考试一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题8 动词(讲+练)
【考点解读】
纵观近几年的高职高考题,知识点多集中在情态动词、行为动词基本用法(特别是固定短语),多出现在单项选择、完形填空以及句型转换等题型中。
动词考点重点概述:
1. 动词词义辨析:结合语境理解动词含义,高频词汇如“control,stop,hurt,help,”“borrow,make,print,waste”“escape,agree,leave,refuse”等。
2. 动词固定短语:如“want to do sth.”“ask sb to do sth.”。
3. 句型转换:改一般疑问句、否定句和反义疑问句,如“He will...”The girl can...”“He is...”改一般疑问句;“Tom goes to bed...”“Sally wants to visit...”改否定句。
【知识点清单】
【要点精讲】
一、 动词的定义及分类
(一)定义:表示动作或状态的词叫作动词,它是构成句子的核心,是英语句子中不可缺少的重要组成
部分。动词有时态、语态和语气的变化。
(二)分类
动词可以分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。另外,动词有五种基本形式:以动词do为例,原形为do,第三人称单数形式为does,过去式为did,过去分词为done,现在分词为doing。这五种形式和助动词一起构成动词的各种时态、语态和语气。
二、动词的用法
(一)连系动词
1.连系动词定义
连系动词是用来辅助说明主语的词,本身有词义,但是不能单独作谓语,必须与表语构成系表结构来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等,表语通常为形容词。
2.连系动词的分类:
(1)表示主语状态和特征的词:be动词
He is a talent singer. 他是一名有天赋的歌手。
The teachers in our school are very friendly to us. 我们学校的老师都很友善对待我们。
(2)表示主语状态变化的:become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come等。
When autumn comes, the leaves turn yellow. 秋天来了,树叶黄了。
It is getting hotter and hotter after Grain Buds. 天气变得越来越热了。
(3)表示某种状态延续或持续的词:keep、remain、stay等。
Please keep quiet. 请保持安静。
(4)感官动词:look、feel、smell、sound、taste、touch、appear、seem 等作连系动词时 ,通常用形容词作表语。
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软 。
The food my mother cooks tastes very nice. 我妈妈煮的饭尝起来好吃。
【即时训练】
( ) 1. The milk ____ sour after being left out overnight.
A. turned B. looked C. smelled D. grew
【答案】A
【解析】turn 常用于表示颜色、性质的变化,强调突然性“牛奶变酸”符合这一用法;grow 多表示自然生长变化,均不如 turn 贴切。故选A。
( ) 2.The music ____ familiar, but I couldn't remember where I'd heard it before.
A. tasted B. smelled C. sounded D. felt
【答案】C
【解析】sounded 表示 “听起来”,用于描述声音相关的感觉;tasted(尝起来)、smelled(闻起来)、felt(摸起来)与“音乐”不匹配。故选C。
( ) 3.The dish ____ delicious, but the strong smell made me hesitant to try it.
A. looked B. sounded C. tasted D.smelled
【答案】D
【解析】smelled 作为系动词表示 “闻起来”,与“气味” 对应;sounded(听起来)、tasted(尝起来)、looked(看起来)与“气味”无关。故选D。
( ) 4. The old man ____ happy to see his grandson.
A. tastes B. looks C. grows D. goes
【答案】B
【解析】looked 表示 “看起来”,从视觉上判断老人的状态,“看起来开心” 用 look。taste(尝起来)、grow(变得)、go(变得,常指负面)都不符合。故选B。
( ) 5. The bread ____ soft after heating.
A. goes B. remains C. gets D. looks
【答案】C
【解析】get 表示 “变得”,强调逐渐变化的过程,“面包加热后变软” 是逐渐变化,选 gets。go 常用于负面变化,remain(保持)不符合语境,look(看起来)和 “软” 不搭配。故选C。
(二)行为动词
1.行为动词定义
行为动词又称为实义动词 ,它有实在的意义 ,在句子中可独立作谓语。
2.行为动词分类
(1)行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后可以直接接宾语;不及物动词后不能直接接宾语,如果要接宾语必须加上适当的介词。
Jimmy plays(及物动词) volleyball(宾语) everyday. 吉米每天打排球。
My mother always takes(不及物动词) good care of(介词) us(宾语).妈妈总是细心照顾我们。
(2)常见行为动词的搭配
①后接 to do作宾语的动词
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事(计划 、安排等)
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
help(to) do sth. 帮助做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
manage to do sth. 设法做某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
promise to do sth. 答应做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
would like to do sth.
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
Can you manage to repair this broken desk? 你能设法修理这个坏掉的桌子吗?
What would you like to have for dinner? 晚餐你想吃点什么?
②后接doing作宾语的动词
can’t help doing- sth. 情不自禁做某事
do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
keep(on) doing sth. 坚持做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
practise doing sth. 练习做某事
like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
fancy doing sth. 幻想做某事
hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事遇到困难
insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢做...胜过做...
spend sometime(in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事
stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
advise dong sth.建议做某事
Thank you for giving me such a nice gift.谢谢你给我了如此一个漂亮的礼物。
We are really looking forward to having a big dinner with you.我们真的很期盼与你共进晚餐。
③后接 do的动词 (省略to)作宾语补足语。
感官动词:see/hear/notice/find sb.+do sth.
使役动词:let/have/make sb.+do sth.
This funny story made us laugh a lot. 这个搞笑的故事让我们开怀大笑。
They often hear someone play the guitar opposite the building.他们经常听见有人在对面那栋楼弹吉他。
④动词词组(固定搭配)
● agree
agree with sb. 同意某人
agree on就某事达成协议
agree to 同意(计划 、安排等)
● break
break down破坏,粉碎;出故障
break in 闯入;打断
breakout爆发
break the law 违反法律
break the record打破纪录
● call
call back回电话
call at拜访(后接地点)
call off取消
call up打电话;使回忆起
call on 拜访(后接被拜访的对象) ;号召
call in 召来
call for邀请;要求
● come
come from 来自
come into进入
come up长出,发芽
come home回家
come true 实现
come back回来
come out出来;版
come along 一道来
come into use开始使用
come to an end结束
come in进来
come down倒塌;降下来
come across偶然遇到
come to oneself苏醒过来
come on 快点;加油;跟着来
come to 总计
● cut
cut in插嘴
cut down砍倒
cut off切断;中断(供应、联系)
cut out剪下;删除;戒掉(坏习惯)
cut up切碎;分割
cut into切入;打断(谈话)
● drop
drop by/in顺便来访
drop behind落后;落伍
drop a line写信给某人
drop off放下;(让某人)下车;减弱
● fall
fall in love with爱上(某人)
fall behind落在后面
fall ill/asleep/silent生病/睡着/沉默
fall into 陷入;养成
fall into a habit of养成...习惯
fall down摔倒;倒塌
● get
get up起床
get on/along(well) with与某人相处(融洽) ;....进展(顺利)
get on上车(船、飞机、马等)
get off下车(船、飞机、马等)
get back回去
get home到家
get out(of) (从...) 出去
get together聚会
get hold of获得,取得
get down下来
get ready for为 … … 做准备
get into进入;陷入
get to到达
get through通过;度过;完成
get over越过;恢复;克服
get used to习惯于
● go
go out出去;熄灭
go away走开
go down下降;下沉
go up上升;攀登
go ahead继续向前走
go back回去;回顾
go in进入
go without没有...也行
go into走进...
go against违背
go by时间流逝;从旁经过
go through经历
go over温习;复习
go swimming/shopping/dancing/fishing/去游泳/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营
● give
give away泄露;赠送
give back归还
give in屈服;让步,投降
give up放弃
give off放出、发出(气体 、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等)
● have
have a rest休息一下
have a cough(患) 咳嗽
have a cold感冒
have a try试一试
have a look看一看
have a seat坐下,就座
have a picnic举行野餐
have a favor帮忙
have a bath/shower洗澡,淋浴
have a class上课
have a meal吃一顿饭
have a good time玩得高兴
have fun玩得高兴
have something to do with与...有关
have nothing to do with与...无关
● keep
keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
keep in touch with与...保持联系
keep sth. in mind记住(某事物)
keep(on) doing sth. 继续做某事
● look
look for寻找
look after照顾
look over查看
lookup抬头看;查找
look forward to 渴望,向往
look at看着
look up to尊敬
look down upon瞧不起
look like看起来像
look into调查
look out当心
look out of往...外看
look around环顾四周
look back回顾,回想
look as if/though看起来好像
look through 透过...看;翻阅,浏览
● make
make a decision做出决定
make progress取得进步
make a mistake犯错误
make a face做鬼脸
make up编造,虚构;打扮;弥补
make use of使用,利用
make friends with与...交朋友
be made up of由...组成
make oneself at home随便,别拘束
be made from用...材料做成(制成品中看不出原材料)
be made of用...材料制成(制成品中看得出原材料)
● put
put off推迟
put up举起;建造;张贴
put...into把...放入
put away把...暂时收起来;储存...备用
put on 穿上;上演
put out扑灭
put one’s heart into 全神贯注
put down写下;放下
● pick
pick out挑选
pick and choose挑挑拣拣
pick up拾起;捡起;拿起;收听;用车接送客人、货物;收拾,整理
● set
set out/set off动身,出发,启程
set sb. free释放,放走
set sail扬帆起航
set up创办;树立;搭起
set an example to sb./set sb. an example为某人树立榜样
● turn
turn on 打开(电灯等)
turn off关闭(电灯等)
turn down把音量调小一点
turn up把音量调大一点;出现
turn to 朝向;变成;求助于
turn...into...把...变成...
turn round/around回头
turn to sb. 转向某人
turn out结果证明是
● take
take off(飞机) 起飞;脱掉(衣服)
take out取出
take photos照相
take turns轮流
take a shower淋浴,洗澡
take care小心,当心
take part in参与,参加
take away拿走
take up占据时间、空间;开始从事;拿起
take time花费(时间)
take a seat就座
take care of照顾
take one’s temperature量体温
take it easy别着急,慢慢来
take one’s place/take the place of坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务
● think
think about考虑;研究;思考
think over仔细考虑
think highly of看重,器重
think of考虑;关心;想起;对...有某种看法
● try
try on试穿(衣服、鞋等);试戴(帽子等)
try doing试着做某事
try one’s best to do尽力去做某事
● work
work as担任;以...身份工作
work on从事于;致力于
work out做出;设计出;制作出;算出,解决
work hard at努力做...
注“动词 +副词”构成的短语,若宾语是人称代词宾格,放在动词和副词之间,如:try them on试穿它们。
【即时训练】
( ) 1.The heavy rain ______ it difficult for us to finish the work on time.
A. made B. let C. had D. found
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查 make 作为使役动词的用法。“make + it + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构,it作形式宾语,真正宾语是后面的不定式短语;而B选项“let”、C选项“had”常用结构是“let/have sb. do sth.”,D选项“found”虽有“find + it + adj. + to do sth.”结构,但语义不符,所以选 A。
( ) 2.She ______ asleep as soon as she lay down on the bed.
A. fell B. felt C. feel D. fall
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查fall的固定短语和时态“fall asleep”是固定搭配,意为“入睡”,根据“lay down”可知句子是一般过去时,fall 的过去式是fell,B选项“felt”是 feel(感觉)的过去式,C 选项是原形,D选项未变形,所以选A。
( ) 3. I often ______ about going to study abroad, but I haven't made a decision yet.
A. think over B. think about C. think up D. think out
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查think相关短语。A 选项“think over”意为“仔细考虑”,后接名词或代词作宾语;B选项“think about”表示“考虑;思考”,后可接名词、代词或动名词,“think about doing sth”符合“考虑出国留学”;C 选项“think up”是 “想出”;D 选项 “think out”表示 “想出;解决”,所以选B。
( ) 4.We decided ______ on a picnic this weekend.
A. go B. going C. to go D. went
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查 decide 的用法。decide 是及物动词,常用结构为 “decide to do sth.”,表示 “决定做某事”,所以选 C。
( ) 5.My mother always tells me ______ waste food.
A. don't B. not C. to not D. not to
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查 tell 的用法。tell 是及物动词,常用 “tell sb. to do sth.” 结构,其否定形式为 “tell sb. not to do sth.”,所以选 D。
(三)助动词
助动词一般没有词义,不能单独作谓语,必须与动词原形或分词 一起构成合成谓语,可帮助实义动词、连系动词构成否定、疑 问、时态和语态。最常用的助动词有do、does、did、have、has、had、will、shall、would、should等。
John doesn’t like playing football. 约翰不喜欢踢足球。
Have you finished your homework? 你完成了你的家庭作业了吗?
(四)情态动词
1.情态动词定义
情态动词本身有一定的词义,但是不能独立作谓语,只能放在行为动词、连系动词前一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。情态动词一般无人称和数的变化(have to除外) 。从本质上说,情态动词相当于一种助动词,它可以构成否定句、疑问句等。
2.情态动词用法
(1)can
①表示能力,与be able to同义
All of us can talk and walk. 我们都能说会走。
②表示请求或允许,与may相同
Can you give me a hand? 你能帮我一下吗?
③表示可能性的推测,一般用于否定句和疑问句
Mr. Yang has gone to Beijing to attend a meeting. It can’t be him in the school.
杨先生到北京开会了,他不可能在学校。
(2)could
①用于句首,表示委婉的请求或允许
Could you please pass me the water? 你能把水递给我吗?
② could have done表示本可以做的事没有做
You could have afforded to buy the car. 你本来可以买下这辆车的。
③ can的过去式
Could you swim at the age of six? 你在六岁时会游泳了?
(3)may
①表示许可、允许、请求
May I use your English for a while? 我可以用一会儿你的英语书吗?
注:回答may提出的问题时
肯定回答为“Yes, please./Yes, you may.”
否定回答为“No, you mustn’t/No, you can,t.”
—May I leave and play now? —我可以离开去玩吗?
—No, you can,t. —不行。
②表示祝愿
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
③表示可能性
We maybe go to Chongqing on May Day. 我们五一可能去重庆。
(4)might
①表示请求、允许,语气比 may更委婉
Might I trouble you to pass me the book? 麻烦你把那本书递给我好吗?
②may的过去式
They said that they might be at home at that time. 他们说他们那个时候可能在家。
(5)shall
①用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方的意愿或提出建议
Shall we finish this project on Friday? 我们可以在周五完成这个项目吗?
②用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁
You shall fail if you don’t study hard. 如果你不努力学习,你会失败的。
(6)should
①表示劝告、建议,意为“应该”
You should be more patient. 你应该更耐心点。
② should have done表示本应该做的事没有做。
Your mother is worrying about you. You should have phoned her.
你妈妈正担心你,你本应该给她打电话的。
(7)will
①表示意志或意愿,可用于各种人称,过去时用would
Will you please do me a favor? 你愿意帮我吗?
He said he would help me. 他说他会帮助我。
②表示请求、建议等,用于第二人称的疑问句。would的语气更委婉,此时would不是 will的过去式。
Will you come here for a moment? 你能来这里一下吗?
Would you like to wait for a moment? 请稍等一下好吗?
③表示注定
People will die without air and water. 没有空气和水,人们会死亡。
(8)must
①表示必须、应该,指主观方面;have to指客观方面
You must wear a seatbelt in the car. 你必须系安全带。
You mustn’t smoke here. 禁止吸烟。
I have to pay taxes every year.我每年都得交税。强调客观义务(如法律、规定或他人要求)
②用 must提问时,否定回答一般用 needn’t或 don’t have to
— Must I pay for the ticket at once? —我必须立刻支付门票费吗?
— No, you needn’t. —不必。
③表示推测,用于肯定句中,其否定形式为 can,t
The light is on. He must be at home now 灯亮着,他现在一定在家。
④ mustn’t表示禁止、不允许
You mustn’t play by the river. It’s dangerous. 你们不许在河边玩,太危险了。
(9)need。
①作情态动词,用于疑问句和否定句。needn’t do sth. 意为“没有必要做某事 ”。
We needn’t worry about the test. We have tried our best.我们没必要担心考试。我们已经尽全力了。
注:用need提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't
—Need I call him up right now? —我有必要现在就给他打电话吗?
—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. — 是的,你必须。/不,没必要。
②作行为动词,need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事 ”,否定形式为“助动词 +not+need to do sth.。
I need to get some sleep. 我需要睡会儿觉。
need doing=need to be done (主动形式表被动意义)。
Your coat needs washing.= Your coat needs to be washed. 你的外套需要洗了。
(10)dare
①作情态动词,用于疑问句和否定句。否定形式:dare not+do sth.
He dare not stay at home alone. 他不敢独自一人待在家。
How dare you say that? 你怎么敢那样说呢?
②作行为动词,dare(to) do sth. 意为“敢于做某事”,否定形式为“助动词+not+dare(to) do sth.”。
Do you dare (to) make a speech in front of others? 你敢在别人面前做演讲吗?
My younger sister don’t dare(to) walk in the dark. 我的妹妹不敢在黑夜里行走。
(11)ought to
表示“应该”,同should
You ought to go to bed before 9:30a.m. 你应该在晚上9:30之前上床睡觉。
【即时训练】
( ) 1 . Is that Mary over there?— It ______ be her. She’s on a business trip in Shanghai.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】B
【解析】答句表明“她在上海出差”由此可推断出此处是对现在情况的否定推测,需用“can’t”(不可能)。“mustn’t” 表禁止,“needn’t”表不必,“shouldn’t”表不应该,均不用于否定推测。故选B。
( ) 2 . ______ you pass me the salt, please?
A. Must B. Need C. Could D. Shall
【答案】C
【解析】此句是向对方提出礼貌请求,“Could you…?”比 “Can you…?”语气更委婉。“Must”表必须,“Need”表需要,“Shall”用于第一人称征求意见,故选C。
( ) 3 . He ______ have missed the train. I saw him at the station just now.
A. must B. should C. would D. might
【答案】D
【解析】“我刚刚在车站看到他”可知,推测他有可能错过火车,可能性较低,用“might have done”(过去可能做了某事)。“must have done” 表肯定推测(一定做了),语气太绝对“should have done” 表本该做却没做;“would have done” 常用于虚拟语气,均不符合。故选D。
( )4 ._____ I use your laptop for a minute?— Sure, go ahead.
A. May B. Need C. Must D. Would
【答案】A
【解析】此处是向对方请求许可,用 “May I…?” (我可以… 吗?),语气较正式礼貌。“Need” 表需要,“Must” 表必须,“Would” 常用于委婉请求(如 “Would you like…”),均不适合询问自身许可。故选A。
( )5 .You ______ water the plants today. It rained heavily last night.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】 因为“昨晚下了大雨”,所以“今天不必给植物浇水”,表“没有必要”,用 “needn’t”。“mustn’t”表禁止,“can’t”表不能或否定推测,“shouldn’t”表不应该,均不合逻辑。故选C。
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