内容正文:
新牛津译林7B Unit7 知识点全解(下)
内含Grammar-Integration D知识点
(共6要点+21处知识点)
沭阳县智慧路中学 李小珑
Supporters Say
2023/09/08
Grammar
(共3要点+6知识点)
要点1:一般过去时的使用
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
其基本结构为“主语+动词的过去式+其他”。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
比如:
①yesterday(昨天)家族:
yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 昨天早上/下午/晚上
the day before yesterday 前天
②last(上一个的)家族:
last night/week/month/year 昨天晚上/上周/上个月/去年
③ago(以前)家族:
three days ago 三天前 a week ago 一周前 a moment ago 刚才
long ago 很久以前 long long ago 很久很久以前
④其他分支:
just now 刚才
in/on+过去时间:in 2023 在2023年 on Monday morning 在周一早上
the other day 前几天(用于指过去某个不确定但较近的时间点。)
注:一般过去时其他用法
①表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。
He often helped me with my English last term.
他上学期经常帮助我学习英语。
②表示主语过去所具备的能力。
The girl could play the piano at the age of 6.
这个女孩6岁时会弹钢琴。
Most verbs(大部分动词) walk→walked
Verbs ending in -e
(以e为结尾的动词) love→loved
Verbs ending in a consonant + y
(以“辅音字母+y”为结尾) try→tried
Verbs ending with a consonant letter in a stressed closed syllable
(以辅音字母为结尾的重读闭音节动词) stop→stopped
直接加ed
直接加d
去y+ied
双写辅音字母再加ed
Read the table and summarize the ways to change regular verbs(规则动词) into the past form.
Presentation
要点2:规则动词的过去式变化
①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加ed
stay→stayed want→wanted talk→talked hand→handed
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加d
love→loved arrive→arrived hope→hoped use→used
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,去y+ied
study→studied worry→worried carry→carried cry→cried
注:若是元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y结尾的动词,常加ed
stay→stayed enjoy→enjoyed play-played
④以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed
I关于闭音节:
闭音节=一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾,且这个元音发短音。
常见的短元音:/ɪ/、/ə/、/ɒ/、/ʊ/、/ʌ/、/e/和/æ/。
II.关于重读:
单音节词默认重读,如stop
多音节词则需要观察重读的位置是否在最后一个音节上,如regret [rɪˈɡret](后悔)是重读闭音节动词,而listen[ˈlɪsn]则不是重读闭音节。
总结:若该动词满足一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾且元音字母发短元音,以及最后一个音节是重读音节时,则可以双写辅音字母再加ed
stop[stɒp]→stopped shop[ʃɒp]→shopped
plan[plæn]→planned regret [rɪˈɡret]→regretted
irregular verbs?(不规则动词)
规则动词过去式的构成
过去式构成有规则,一般词尾加ed
如若词尾有个e,直接加d就可以。
辅音字母y结尾,变y为i加ed
一辅重闭作尾巴,双写之后加ed。
保持不变 cut→cut put→put hit→hit cost→cost
元音有变化 come→came get→got
辅音有变化 lend→lent spend→spent
元音,辅音均有变化 catch→caught buy→bought
特殊变化 am/is→was are→were eat→ate
要点3:不规则动词的过去式变化
1.At first, I could not even stand up on my skates. P85
起初,我甚至都无法穿着旱冰鞋站起来。
<新>知识点1:at first的用法
翻译为:“起初”
注:常用于句首或句末。(暗指后文的情况有变化)
At first, he didn’t like English at all. But now he is very interested in it.
起初,他一点也不喜欢英语。但是现在他对英语很感兴趣。
<同义短语>in the beginning 起初
<反义短语> at last = in the end 最后,终于
<区别>at first和first of all的区别
at first: 相当于in the beginning,意为“起初”,用以讲述最初阶段的情况,尤指与后来的不同情况相比较。
first of all:相当于first,意为“首先”, 用以引出一系列事实,理由,意见等。
First of all, open the windows. Then turn off the gas.
首先,打开窗户。然后把煤气关掉。
2. He helped me practise, and little by little, I found it very enjoyable. P85
他帮助我练习,渐渐地,我发现它是非常令人愉快。
<新>知识点2:little by little的用法
翻译为:“缓慢地,逐渐地,一点一点地” (表示一个逐渐变化的过程)
His English is improving little by little. 他的英语正在逐步提高。(improve:提高)
We should save money little by little. 我们应该一点一点存钱。
类似的短语:
①day by day 一天天地,日复一日地
The weather is getting warmer and warmer day by day. 一天天,天气变得越来越暖和。
②side by side 并排;并肩地
They walked side by side along the river. 他们沿着河边并肩而行。
<新>知识点3:find+宾语+宾语补足语的用法
在句子“I found it very enjoyable.”中,形容词enjoyable作宾语补足语。
宾语补足语:是指在英语中,用来补充说明宾语状态,性质或动作的成分。它能让句子的意思更加完整。
①find+宾语+宾语补足语(形容词) 翻译为:“发现...是...”
I found the book interesting. 我发现这本书是有趣的。
find过去式 宾语 宾语补足语(形容词:interesting)
②find+宾语+宾语补足语(介词短语) 翻译为:“发现...在...”
She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed. 她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。
find过去式 宾语 宾语补足语(介词短语:in a hospital bed)
③find+宾语+宾语补足语(动词ing) 翻译为:“发现...正在...”
When I came in, I found him reading. 当我进来的时候,我发现他正在看书。
find过去式 宾语 宾语补足语(动词ing:reading)
④find+宾语+宾语补足语(副词) 翻译为:“发现...处于...状态”
When I came back, I found the lights on. 当我回来时发现灯是开着的。
find过去式 宾语 宾语补足语(副词:on)
所以该结构中的宾语补足语可以是形容词,介词短语,动词ing或副词
<拓展>find it+形容词+to do sth 发现做某事...
注:it在该结构中作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to do sth,
形容词作宾语补足语。
I find it enjoyable to go camping. 我发现去露营令人愉快。
3.Now I’m not so afraid of skating. 现在我不再那么害怕滑冰了。 P85
<旧>知识点4:be afraid of doing sth
翻译为:“害怕做某事”
She is afraid of talking with strangers. 她害怕跟陌生人讲话。
<同义短语>be afraid to do sth
I’m afraid to go out alone at night. 我晚上害怕独自出去。
4.I enjoyed the camping trip because of the fresh air and peace and quiet in the countryside. P86 我因为乡村的新鲜空气和宁静而享受这次露营之旅。
<新>知识点5:because of的用法
<介词短语>因为,由于
because of后接名词,代词或动词ing。
She felt very sorry because of losing the game.
因为输了比赛,她感到非常难过。
注:because <连词>后面接表示原因的一个完整的句子
He got lost because the weather was bad.
=He got lost because of the bad weather.
因为恶劣的天气,他迷路了。
总而言之:because of+名词/代词/动词ing because+句子
- Zhang Mengxue became famous ______ winning the first gold medal for China at the Rio Olympics.
- Yes. She came first in the event ______ she kept calm during the match.
A. because; because B. because; because of
C. because of; because D. because of; because of
5.And I was much more relaxed. 然后我就放松多了。 P86
知识点6:relaxed的用法
<形容词>(感到)放松的,冷静的
注:当主语为人,可以用ed为结尾的形容词
He looks quite relaxed. 他看上去相当放松。
<对比>relaxing <形容词>令人放松的,轻松的
注:当主语为物,可以用ing为结尾的形容词
I had a relaxing evening with my friends.
我和我的朋友们度过了一个轻松的夜晚。
Supporters Say
2023/09/08
Pronunciation
(共3要点加1知识点)
/t/
looked
jumped
stopped
watched
动词词尾(e)d的发音
要点1:在清辅音/p/, /k/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/等后发/t/
清辅音:发音时声带不振动。
look /lʊk/ → looked /lʊkt/ (清辅音/k/)
jump /dʒʌmp/ → jumped /dʒʌmpt/ (清辅音/p/)
stop /stɒp/ → stopped /stɒpt/ (清辅音/p/)
watch /wɒtʃ/ → watched /wɒtʃt/ (清辅音/tʃ/)
/d/
answered
opened
tried
played
要点2:在元音音素或浊辅音/b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /r/, /n/, /l/等后发/d/
浊辅音:发音时声带振动
answer /ˈɑːnsə(r)/ → answered /ˈɑːnsə(r)d/ (浊辅音/r/)
open /ˈəʊpən/ → opened /ˈəʊpənd/ (浊辅音/n/)
try /traɪ/ → tried /traɪd/ (元音音素/aɪ/)
play /pleɪ/ → played / /pleɪd/ (元音音素/eɪ/)
/ɪd/
started
ended
needed
hated
要点3:在辅音音素/t/或/d/后发/ɪd/
start /stɑːt/ → started /stɑːtɪd/ (/t/)
end /end/ →ended /ˈendɪd/ (/d/)
need /niːd/ → needed /ˈniːdɪd/ (/d/)
hate /heɪt/ → hated /ˈheɪtɪd/ (/t/)
( )1.A.wanted B.needed C.returned D.visited
( )2.A.turned B.asked C.wondered D.stayed
( )3.A.walked B.stopped C.danced D.loved
( )4.A.raised B.missed C.passed D.fixed
( )5.A.enjoyed B.played C.answered D.jumped
/t/→/ɪd/
/d/→/ɪd/
/n/→/d/
/t/→/ɪd/
/n/→/d/
/k/→/t/
/r/→/d/
/eɪ/→/d/
C
B
/k/→/t/
/p/→/t/
/s/→/t/
/v/→/d/
/z/→/d/
/s/→/t/
/s/→/t/
/s/→/t/
/ɔɪ/→/d/
D
/eɪ/→/d/
/r/→/d/
/p/→/t/
A
D
We stopped for a short while and then went on. P87
我们停了一会儿,然后继续(前进)。
知识点:go on的用法
翻译为:“继续(做)”
<搭配>
①go on doing sth 继续做某事(同一件事)
To finish the task on time, we have to go on working.
为了按时完成任务,我们不得不继续工作。
②go on to do sth 继续做另一件事
After cleaning the room, she went on to cook dinner.
打扫完房间后,她继续去做晚饭。
Supporters Say
2023/09/08
Integration A-C
(共13知识点)
1. Do you ever feel like you can’t focus on your work? P88
你是否感到过无法专注于你的工作?
<新>知识点1:ever的用法
<副词>在任何时候,曾经
多用于疑问句,否定句或if引导的条件句。
Have you ever visited the Great Wall? 你曾经游览过长城吗?
They haven’t ever seen such a beautiful girl before.
他们以前从未见过如此美丽的女孩。
If you’re ever in my city, come and see me.
如果你什么时候到我的城市,就来看看我吧。
<新>知识点2:feel like的用法
翻译:“感觉像”
其后可接名词(短语)或从句。(即feel like +名词(短语)/从句)
I feel like a fish in the sea. 我感觉自己像大海里的一条鱼。
Lucy feels like she is in a nice dream. 露西感觉像在美梦里一样。
<拓展>feel like 想要
feel like sth 想要某物
I feel like a drink. 我想要一瓶饮料。
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
=want to do sth= would like to do sth
I feel like going swimming at the weekend. 我想周末去游泳。
=I want to go swimming at the weekend.
=I would like to go swimming at the weekend.
<新>知识点3:focus的用法
<及物/不及物动词>集中(注意力,精力等于)
<搭配>focus on 集中于,致力于,专注于
注:on为介词,focus on后可接名词,代词或动词ing
Focus on your study, please! 请专心学习!
I focus on reading every day. 我每天专注于阅读。
<及物动词>聚焦于
He focused his camera on the beautiful sunset.
他把相机聚焦在美丽的日落上。
2. The fresh air and camping activities can be good for your body and mind. P88
新鲜的空气和露营活动对你的身心有益。
<新>知识点4:mind的用法
<可数名词+s>头脑,思考能力,聪明人
A plan began to form in his mind. 一个计划开始在他的头脑中形成。
She has a lively mind. 她思想活跃。
She is one of the greatest minds in my school. 她是我学校里最顶尖的聪明人之一。
<搭配>change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
She changed her mind and bought a toy. 她改变了她的主意,买了个玩具。
keep sth in mind 将某物记在心中,牢记某事
Keep your promise(承诺)in mind. 牢记你的承诺。
<拓展>mind <及物动词>介意
后可接名词,代词和动词ing
<搭配>mind doing sth 介意做某事
She doesn’t mind turning down the TV. 她不介意把电视的音量调低。
Never mind. 没关系。
适用语境:当对方道歉时,用“Never mind.”来安慰别人。
—Sorry, I forgot to bring your book. 抱歉,我忘了带你的书。
—Never mind, you can give it to me tomorrow. 没关系,你明天给我也行。
3. Camping is such a great activity: put up a tent, roll out your sleeping bag and then fall asleep under the stars. P88
露营是一项如此棒的活动:搭起(一个)帐篷,展开你的睡袋,然后在星空下入睡。
<新>知识点5:roll out
翻译为:“展开”
注:这里的roll是一个动词,意为“使滚动,使转动”
He rolled out his sleeping bag and prepared to sleep.
他展开睡袋,准备睡觉。
<新>知识点6:fall的用法 [fɔːl]
<系动词>进入(某状态)
<搭配>fall asleep 入睡
I’ll stay with her until she falls asleep. 我会一直陪着她,直到她睡着。
<不及物动词>落下,掉落
<搭配>fall off 从...落下
My friend fell off the bike and hurt his leg. 我的朋友从自行车上摔下来并且伤到了腿。
fall behind 落后
Hurry up, or we’ll fall behind. 快点,不然我们会落后的。
<过去式>fell [fel]
<不可数名词>(美式写法)秋天
The green leaves start to turn gold, then brown in fall.
秋天,绿叶开始变成金黄色,然后变成棕色。
This afternoon I ______ off the tree, and I ______ very painful(痛苦的).
A. feel; fell B. fell; fall C. felt; feel D. fell; felt
<新>知识点7:asleep的用法
<形容词>睡着 (注:该词用作表语,不作为定语使用。)
Don’t make any noise. Your father is asleep. 别出声。你父亲睡着了。(作表语)
<反义词>awake 醒着
<对比>
sleepy <形容词> 困倦的,瞌睡的 (可作表语和定语)
<搭配>①feel sleepy 感到昏昏欲睡
②a sleepy boy 一个昏昏欲睡的男孩
sleeping <形容词>用于睡眠的 (可作定语)
<搭配>a sleeping bag 一个睡袋
The little boy was so sleepy that he fell asleep in the sleeping bag. He is sleeping now. Don’t make noise.
这个小男孩太困了以至于他在睡袋里睡着了。现在他正在睡觉。不要制造噪音。
<拓展>sleepless <形容词>失眠的,不眠的 <搭配>a sleepless night 不眠之夜
1. What he said made me feel ______, and I nearly fell ______.
A. asleep; sleepy B. asleep; asleep
C. sleepy; asleep D. sleepy; sleepy
2. After a long and tiring day in the park, Sam fell ________ (sleep) when he got into the bed.
3. Grandma enjoyed the sunshine and felt ________ (sleep) in her armchair.
asleep
sleepy
4. It will give you a chance to take a break from your busy life. P88
它将会给你一个从你的忙碌生活中抽身休息的机会。
<新>知识点8:chance的用法
<可数名词+s>机会
<搭配>①give sb a chance to do sth 给某人一个做某事的机会
I will give you a chance to be a volunteer. 我将会给你一个做志愿者的机会。
②have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事
Everybody has a chance to try new things.
每个人都有机会尝试新事物。
<拓展><不可数名词>偶然,碰巧
<搭配>by chance 偶然地,意外地
I met my friend in Shanghai by chance.
我在上海意外地遇见了朋友。
5. Safety tips 安全提示 P88
<新>知识点9:safety
<不可数名词>平安,安全,安全住所
<搭配> ①the safety of... ...的安全
We must protect the safety of children. 我们必须保护孩子们的安全。
②for safety 为了安全起见
We wear seat belts in the car for safety. 为了安全,我们在车内系安全带。
③in safety 安全地
They arrived home in safety after the long journey.
长途旅行后,他们平安到家。
<反义词>danger 危险
The tourists are in danger because of the storm.
游客们因为暴风雨陷入危险。
6.They’ll help you see the birds more clearly. P89
它们将会帮助你更清楚地看到鸟。
<新>知识点10:clearly的用法
<副词>清楚地,清晰地,明显地,明白地
Tony can see things more clearly now with this pair of glasses.
有了这副眼镜,托尼现在看东西更清楚了。
<形容词>clear 清楚的,明显的
The question wasn’t very clear. 这个问题不是很清楚。
The teacher asked the student to speak ________ (clear) so that we can understand him.
clearly
7. You had better wear comfortable shoes and take some water. P89
你最好穿一双舒适的鞋子并且带一些水。
<新>知识点11:had better的用法
翻译为:“应该,最好”
<缩写>’d better
had better do sth 最好做某事
You’d better stop running and rest for a few days. 你最好停下跑步,休息几天。
注:该搭配后接动词原形
<拓展>had better not do sth 最好不做某事
We’d better not depend on our parents too much. 我们最好不要太依赖父母。
- We are free this evening. Shall we go out for a walk?
- It’s foggy(有雾的). We’d better ______. Why ______ a film at home?
A. not walk; not watch B. not to walk; not to watch
C. not to walk; not watch D. not walk; not watch
8.You may walk a long way and get thirsty. 你可能会走很远,会口渴。 P89
<旧>知识点12:thirsty的用法
<形容词>口渴的
注:该形容词既可以作表语也能作定语。
We are thirsty and hungry. 我们又渴又饿。(作表语)
A thirsty fox is looking for water. 一只口渴的狐狸正在找水。(作定语)
<搭配>be thirsty for ... 渴求...
He is thirsty for knowledge. 他渴望知识。
9.No problem. 没问题。 P89
<新>知识点13:no problem的用法
①用来回答别人的感谢,翻译为“没什么,不客气”。
—Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
—No problem. 不客气。
②用来同意或愉快答应对方的请求,翻译为“没问题”。
—Can you help me? 你能帮我吗?
—No problem. 没问题。
③用来回答别人的道歉,翻译为“没关系”。
—Sorry to keep you waiting. 抱歉让你久等了。
—No problem. 没关系。
Supporters Say
2023/09/08
Integration D
(共1知识点)
We had to support each other. P90
<新>知识点:support的用法
<及物动词>帮助,支持,支撑
Let’s support each other and help each other.
让我们互相支持,互相帮助吧。
<不可数名词>帮助,支持,支撑
<搭配>①with one’s support 在某人的支持下
With my parents’ support, I finally won the match. (won为win的过去式)
在我父母的支持下,我最终赢下了这场比赛。
②without one’s support 没有某人的支持
We couldn’t win the match without your support.
没有你们的支持,我们不能赢得这场比赛。
③in support of sb/sth 支持某人/某物
She spoke in support of Tom’s plan. 她发言支持汤姆的计划。
(spoke为speak过去式)
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