衔接点10 分词（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点10 分词（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 能够识别分词的基本形式，现在分词是在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括规则动词的-ed形式和不规则动词的特殊形式。 理解现在分词可以作为形容词、名词或副词使用。理解过去分词通常用作形容词或与助动词一起构成被动语态和完成时态。 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解分词的语法功能和变化规则，包括不规则动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。在复合句中使用分词进行更复杂的修饰，如使用分词作定语、状语、补语等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中分词考点聚焦】 1．The river ______ through Huai’an is called the Grand Canal (大运河). A．flows B．flowed C．flowing D．to flow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：流经淮安的河流被称为大运河。 考查非谓语动词。flows流，第三人称单数形式；flowed流，过去式或过去分词形式；flowing流，现在分词形式；to flow流，动词不定式形式。分析句子结构和选项可知，应填现在分词形式flowing，作定语，修饰前面的名词river，表示流经淮安的河流，相当于定语从句which flows...。故选C。 2．The students are sitting there under that big tree, ________ books by themselves. A．read B．reading C．to read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们坐在那棵大树下，独自读书。 考查非谓语动词。句中有谓语动词，此处主语the students和read之间是主动关系，故此处用现在分词作状语。故选B。 3．When I opened my eyes, I saw Melissa ________ at the end of my bed. A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．stood 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我睁开眼睛时，我看到Melissa站在我的床尾。 考查非谓语动词。根据“When I opened my eyes”可知，此处表示睁眼时正看到的事情，用see sb doing sth“看见某人正做某事”。故选B。 4．Listen! Can you hear someone ________ in the next room? A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sings 【答案】B 【详解】句意：听！你能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌吗？ 考查非谓语动词。hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行；hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事”，表示听到动作的全过程（常指经常性动作）。根据“Listen! Can you hear someone”可知，此处表示正在发生的动作，因此选择现在分词形式。故选B。 5．_________where the hospital was, he asked a stranger the way. A．Knowing B．Not knowing C．Known D．Not known 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于不知道医院在哪儿，他找了一位路人问路。 本题考查非谓语动词。knowing主动，known被动。现在分词knowing在此作原因状语，与句子主语he是主动关系。且根据句意可知，译为“不知道”，用现在分词的否定形式，故选B。 6．— I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt __________. — Well, maybe there were too many people at the party. A．leaving out B．to leave out C．left out D．be left out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我在聚会上玩得不开心。我只是觉得被冷落了。——嗯，也许聚会上的人太多了。leave out与主语I之间是被动的关系，feel是感官系动词，后跟过去分词作表语，表示被动关系，feel left out感觉被冷落，故答案为C。 7．My computer doesn’t work, so I want to have it ________. A．repaired B．repairing C．to repair D．repair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的电脑坏了。因此我要把它修一修。 考查动词形式。repaired修理，过去式；repairing动名词；to repair不定式；repair动词原形。have sth. done表示“使某事被做”的意思。其中done是过去分词，repaired是repair的过去分词。故选A。 8．The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：韩寒写的这本书在青少年中非常受欢迎。 考查动词非谓语。write写，动词原形；wrote过去式；writing现在分词；written过去分词。句子结构为“The book...by Han Han is…”，此处需填入一个非谓语动词形式，the book与write之间的关系是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语修饰the book，write的过去分词written。故选D。 9．We got ______ when we went to different schools last term. A．separated B．separate C．separates D．separating 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上学期我们去不同的学校时分开了。 考查动词短语。separated分开，动词过去式或过去分词；separate分开，动词原形；separates分开，动词单三；separating分开，动名词。根据“We got…when we went to different schools last term.”可知，此处表示去了不同学校就分开了，get separated意为“分开”，固定词组。故选A。 10．No one speaks to her, so she always feels ________. A．leaving out B．leave out C．left out D．leaves out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：没有人和她说话，所以她总是觉得被冷落。 考查非谓语动词。leave out表示“忽视，冷落”，根据“No one speaks to her”可知，她觉得自己被冷落，用过去分词表被动。故选C。 【高中分词考点聚焦】 课标解读 现在分词和过去分词在复杂句型中的使用，如分词短语作状语、定语、补语等。 现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，包括进行时、完成时、被动语态等。 现在分词和过去分词作为非谓语动词在句子中的功能和意义。 考点清单 一、分词的分类及形式 1. 现在分词的形式： 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 2、过去分词的形式：（done） 　过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： 　　A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外）。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词的用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： 　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?） 　　预定的座位在哪里？ 　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 　　 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined. 　　有许多学生在等待检查。 　　This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners. 　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： 　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 　　The newly-built building is our office building. 　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： 　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 　　秋天有许多落叶。 　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。 比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其过去分词修饰人。 a surprising result一个惊人的结果 surprised girls吃惊的姑娘们 tiring music烦人的音乐 a tired man一个疲倦的人 When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the excited people shouted loudly and cheered.当他们听到这一激动人心的消息时，他们变得激动起来。然后这些激动的人们大声地叫喊、欢呼。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如： 　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen. 　　当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） 　　We want this work finished quickly. 　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。 2）在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： 　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard. 　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 　　When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 3. 分词作状语 1）分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语） 　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not be able to work well. 　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语） 　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.） 　　他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语） (1)、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。 　　多数情形下，分词动作发生于谓语动作之前，有时候分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。 　　e.g. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（分词动作发生于谓语动作之前） 　　Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.(分词动作和谓语动作同时发生) (2)、表示原因，分词短语可置于句首或句末，有时还可以置于主谓之间。 　　e.g. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (3)、表示条件，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (4)、表示让步，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well. (5)、表结果，一般只放在句末。 　　e.g. I went home, finding the door locked (6)、表伴随状况，补充说明或方式，分词短语置于句首或句末均可。 　　e.g. He came running breathless and told me the results. 2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when， while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： 　　Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed. 　　如果你努力，你会成功的。 　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer. 　　虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。 4. 分词的独立结构 1）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： 　　The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave. 　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 　　He being absent, nothing could be done. 　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 　　They sat there silently,（with） their eyes fixed on the lake. 　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 　　With him helping me, I felt lucky. 　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。 拓展1： 过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。 例1：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon. 例2： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. be+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于系表结构的过去分词有： astonished感到吃惊的 educated受过教育的 excited兴奋的 fallen落下的 frightened受惊的 gone过去的，消失的 interested感兴趣的 known著名的 learned有学问的 mistaken误解的，弄错的 retired退休的 returned已归来的 risen升起来的 upset心烦的 My watch is gone.我的手表不见了。 It’s not my fault.You are mistaken.这不是我的过错，你误会了。 拓展2： 部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语 be absorbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lost in 迷失在……中 be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在…… be occupied in 忙碌于…… be located/situated in 坐落在…… be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be loaded/burdened with 担负着…… be faced with 面临着…… be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做某事 be devoted/committed to doing 致力于做某事 be addicted to doing 对……上瘾 例：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in. 1、 语法单句填空（注意分词用法） 1．China is one of the largest countries in the world, (cover) 9.6 million square kilometers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】covering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是世界上最大的国家之一，占地960万平方公里。本句系动词为is，此处为非谓语动词，且China与cover“覆盖”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填covering。 2．Listen! There must be someone (walk) through the jungle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】walking 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：听！一定有人穿过丛林。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，逻辑主语someone与动词之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词。故填walking。 3． (write) in simple but authentic English, the articles introduce me to Western society and culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些文章用简单而地道的英语写的，向我介绍了西方社会和文化。本句谓语为introduce，此处为非谓语动词，且the articles与write“写”为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Written。 4． by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. (frighten) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Frightened 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个女孩被夜里的噪音吓坏了，不敢在房间里睡觉。此空为非谓语动词作状语，frighten与逻辑主语the girl之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式frightened，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Frightened。 5．The poor lady had her money (steal) on the bus when coming home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】stolen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那位可怜的女士在回家的公共汽车上被人偷了钱。steal(偷)作使役动词had后宾语her money的补足语，与其逻辑主语her money之间是被动关系，用过去分词stolen表被动。故填stolen。 6．Most of the organisers are volunteers and much of the money (raise) from ticket sales goes to charity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】raised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数组织者都是志愿者，大部分从门票销售中筹集的钱捐给了慈善机构。空白处在句子中作定语，因与其逻辑主语money之间是动宾关系，使用过去分词。故填raised。 7．My father has my bike (repair). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】repaired 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我父亲把我的自行车修好了。此处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，repair和宾语my bike为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，构成动词短语have sth done“使某事/某物被做”。故填repaired。 8．They will hold a meeting to discuss something (associate) with music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】associated 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：他们将开会讨论与音乐有关的事情。固定短语“associate something with music”意为“把某些事情与音乐联系起来”，something和associate之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故填associated。 9．Today I’ve been photographing a crocodile (swim) close to our boat. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】swimming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天我一直在拍摄一条靠近我们船的鳄鱼。此处swim与crocodile构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填swimming。 10．The national park has a lot of wildlife, (range) from tigers to elephants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家公园有很多野生动物，从老虎到大象。句子谓语动词是has，空格处需要非谓语动词，此处range与wildlife构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填ranging。 二、完成句子 11．感动地潸然泪下，妈妈将双胞胎姐妹紧紧拥入怀中. , mom threw her arms around the twin sisters tightly. 【答案】 Moved to tears 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。对比中英文，可知空处为“感动地潸然泪下”，可以用非谓语形式作状语，“感动”用动词move表示，与句子主语mom之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语moved to tears。句首单词首字母大写，故填Moved；to；tears。 12．那辆电动车从拐角突然出现，差点把我撞倒。 The electric bike appeared suddenly around the corner, nearly . 【答案】knocking me down 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为动词短语knock me down“把我撞倒”，满足句意要求，结合句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，knock和逻辑主语The electric bike为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填knocking me down。 13．The house my grandfather was sold yesterday. 属于我爷爷的房子昨天被卖掉了。 【答案】belonging to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“属于”belong to，句中已有谓语was sold，空处应为非谓语动词，belong to与逻辑主语The house之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填belonging to。 14．几天前他在踢足球时摔断了一条腿。(have＋宾语＋宾补) He while playing football the other day. 【答案】had his leg broken 【详解】考查时态和短语。此处为have＋宾语＋宾补，宾语为leg；表示“摔断”应用过去分词broken作宾补。描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填had his leg broken。 15．这些孩子沉浸在游戏中，一点都不觉得饿。 their game, these children didn’t feel hungry at all 【答案】 Absorbed in 【详解】考查过去分词。根据句意，表示“沉浸在……中”应为be absorbed in，分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作状语，absorbe与逻辑主语these children之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式absorbed in，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Absorbed in。 16．我认为怀特先生提到的那本书很值得一读。 I thought the book by Mr. White was well worth reading. 【答案】referred to 【详解】考查动词短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语refer to“提到”。该动词短语需要非谓语动词的形式，作定语，修饰名词the book，两者之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填referred to。 17．I (感到非常迷惑) about what to do in the future. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】feel very confused 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我对未来做什么感到非常迷惑。分析句子可知，feel confused about是固定搭配意为“对于……感到迷惑”。结合其他汉语提示，谓语动词为feel，表语为confused，状语为very。故填feel very confused。 【点睛】 18．You might as well have your car (定期检查) from then on. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】checked regularly 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。句意：从那时起，你最好定期检查一下你的车。根据汉语提示可知短语为check regularly，且与car为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填checked regularly。 19．My uncle came to our New Year party, (装扮) as Donald Duck. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 dressed up 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我叔叔来参加我们的新年晚会，打扮成唐老鸭的样子。分析句子可知，came为谓语，空处为非谓语作状语，“装扮”翻译为dress up，此处uncle与dress为被动关系，用过去分词。故填①dressed②up。 20．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 taking advantage of 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：越来越多的人倾向于庆祝圣诞节，商家也趁此机会加以利用。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语take advantage of“利用”。该动词短语在句中作宾语补足语，和宾语business之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填①taking②advantage③of。 一．语法填空(用动词的适当形式填空) 1．________(go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans 2.________(be)． The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will undoubtedly help you get 3.________(refresh)! The 4.________(amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature 5.________(get) the hotter the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us 6.________(astonish)． What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can't help 7.________(wonder) how hard it was for the people then 8.________(put) all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 9.________(ache) legs. As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in mine.While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is a must 10.________ (visit)! 【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者爬黄山的见闻和感受。 1.Going　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，本空为主语，故应用动词的-ing形式作主语。 2.are　考查主谓一致。根据句意“人类是多么渺小”且主语we humans是复数，可知谓语用are。 3.refreshed　考查非谓语动词作表语。get refreshed构成系表结构。 4.amazing　考查非谓语动词作定语。修饰thing，意为“奇妙的事情”，故用-ing形式作定语。 5.gets　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意以及上下文时态可知，此处用一般现在时，且主语the temperature为第三人称单数，故填gets。 6.astonished　考查非谓语动词作宾补。本空在“leave＋复合宾语”结构中作宾补，且根据语境可知，这里指的是使我们“感到惊讶”，故填astonished。 7.wondering　考查非谓语动词作宾语。can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事。 8.to put　考查不定式作主语。此处为 it is/was＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.的变式，it为形式主语，to do 为真正的主语。 9.aching　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，ache与中心词legs之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词aching。 10.to visit　考查非谓语动词作定语。此处must用作名词，指“必须要做的一件事”，需用动词不定式作定语。 二、阅读理解 Why do Chinese people love hot pot so much? As the winter months are coming in, more and more people are sitting around a table enjoying this kind of traditional meal. I find myself wondering what it is about this traditional meal, which has existed for more than 1,000 years. What makes it a Chinese food favourite? It seems that the answer lies beyond the dish itself. Hot pot isn’t just designed to keep you warm during the cold months; it’s also a social experience. It’s a “theater” cooked food that turns a meal into an event. There is a lot of fun for everyone to have in adding some foods to the hot pot. Hot pot is eaten over two to three hours. For this reason, it is often considered an evening’s entertainment, and a time to spend with friends and families. However, many Westerners would be put off by the idea of other people sticking chopsticks in their food. When we come to eat at the table in the UK, we often have our own shares, although the experience is still a social one. A similar experience to the hot pot can be found in Korean barbecue restaurants, which let you cook your own meat. This allows people to have their meat done however they want. For most Westerners, the idea of going to a restaurant to cook their own food is very strange. But having a go, I find it’s now one of my favourite meals in Beijing. The steam from the pot left my clothes smelling of food when I got home, but perhaps this was also part of the experience. When the cold wind is blowing outside, I am sitting around with my good friends, eating and drinking. For me it’s like a dinner party where my taste buds (味蕾) and my appetite are equally satisfied in the warm company of friends. 1．What is the main reason why hot pot is popular in China? A．It has a history of over 1,000 years. B．It is a fun social experience. C．It serves people with many kinds of foods. D．It keeps people very warm in winter. 2．We can conclude from the article that British people generally ______ . A．enjoy cooking their own food in restaurants B．prefer a Korean barbecue to Chinese hot pot C．don’t like sharing food with others in restaurants D．don’t mind the smell of food staying on their clothes 3．What is the author’s attitude to hot pot? A．Serious. B．Tired. C．Humorous. D．Appreciative. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国人喜爱火锅的原因及火锅带来的社交体验，并比较了中西方餐饮文化的差异。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hot pot isn’t just designed to keep you warm during the cold months; it’s also a social experience. It’s a ‘theater’ cooked food that turns a meal into an event. (火锅不仅仅是为了在寒冷的月份里让你保持温暖，它还是一种社交体验。它是一种“剧场”烹饪食物，将一顿饭变成一场活动)”可知，火锅在中国受欢迎的主要原因是它提供了一种有趣的社交体验。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, many Westerners would be put off by the idea of other people sticking chopsticks in their food. When we come to eat at the table in the UK, we often have our own shares, although the experience is still a social one. (然而，许多西方人会对别人用筷子夹他们的食物的想法感到反感。当我们在英国围桌吃饭时，我们通常都有自己的份额，尽管这仍然是一种社交体验)”可推断出，英国人通常不喜欢在餐馆里和别人分享食物。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But having a go, I find it’s now one of my favourite meals in Beijing. The steam from the pot left my clothes smelling of food when I got home, but perhaps this was also part of the experience. When the cold wind is blowing outside, I am sitting around with my good friends, eating and drinking. For me it’s like a dinner party where my taste buds (味蕾) and my appetite are equally satisfied in the warm company of friends. (但吃了之后，我发现这是我在北京最喜欢的一道菜。当我回到家时，锅里的蒸汽让我的衣服散发出食物的味道，但也许这也是体验的一部分。当寒风吹在外面的时候，我和我的好朋友围坐在一起，又吃又喝。对我来说，这就像一场晚宴，在朋友们的温暖陪伴下，我的味蕾和食欲得到了同样的满足)”可知，作者对火锅持赞赏的态度。故选D。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 traditional meal n. 传统美食 social experience n. 社交体验 entertainment n. 娱乐活动 put off v. 推迟，反感 appetite n. 食欲，胃口 长难句分析 原句：It’s a “theater” cooked food that turns a meal into an event. 译文：它是一种 “剧场” 烹饪食物，将一顿饭变成一场活动。 分析：本句是强调句，结构为 “It is + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”。被强调部分为 “a ‘theater’ cooked food”，强调主语，that 引导的从句 “turns a meal into an event” 为句子的谓语和宾语。 中文翻译 为什么中国人这么喜欢火锅？随着冬季的到来，越来越多的人围坐在桌子旁享受这种传统美食。我发现自己在想，这种已经存在了 1000 多年的传统美食有什么特别之处，是什么让它成为中国人的最爱？答案似乎超出了这道菜本身。 火锅不仅仅是为了在寒冷的月份里让你保持温暖，它还是一种社交体验。它是一种 “剧场” 烹饪食物，将一顿饭变成一场活动。每个人都可以在往火锅里添加食材的过程中获得很多乐趣。 吃火锅需要两到三个小时。因此，它通常被认为是晚上的娱乐活动，是与朋友和家人共度的时光。然而，许多西方人会对别人用筷子夹他们的食物的想法感到反感。当我们在英国围桌吃饭时，我们通常都有自己的份额，尽管这仍然是一种社交体验。 在韩国烧烤餐厅可以找到类似火锅的体验，在那里你可以自己烹饪肉类。这让人们可以按照自己的喜好烹饪肉类。 对大多数西方人来说，去餐馆自己做饭的想法很奇怪。但尝试之后，我发现这是我在北京最喜欢的一顿饭之一。当我回到家时，锅里的蒸汽让我的衣服散发出食物的味道，但也许这也是体验的一部分。当寒风吹在外面的时候，我和我的好朋友围坐在一起，又吃又喝。对我来说，这就像一场晚宴，在朋友们的温暖陪伴下，我的味蕾和食欲得到了同样的满足。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点10 分词（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 能够识别分词的基本形式，现在分词是在动词原形后加上-ing；过去分词包括规则动词的-ed形式和不规则动词的特殊形式。 理解现在分词可以作为形容词、名词或副词使用。理解过去分词通常用作形容词或与助动词一起构成被动语态和完成时态。 高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解分词的语法功能和变化规则，包括不规则动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。在复合句中使用分词进行更复杂的修饰，如使用分词作定语、状语、补语等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中分词考点聚焦】 1．The river ______ through Huai’an is called the Grand Canal (大运河). A．flows B．flowed C．flowing D．to flow 2．The students are sitting there under that big tree, ________ books by themselves. A．read B．reading C．to read 3．When I opened my eyes, I saw Melissa ________ at the end of my bed. A．stand B．standing C．to stand D．stood 4．Listen! Can you hear someone ________ in the next room? A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sings 5．_________where the hospital was, he asked a stranger the way. A．Knowing B．Not knowing C．Known D．Not known 6．— I didn’t enjoy myself at the party. I just felt __________. — Well, maybe there were too many people at the party. A．leaving out B．to leave out C．left out D．be left out 7．My computer doesn’t work, so I want to have it ________. A．repaired B．repairing C．to repair D．repair 8．The book ________ by Han Han is very popular among teenagers. A．write B．wrote C．writing D．written 9．We got ______ when we went to different schools last term. A．separated B．separate C．separates D．separating 10．No one speaks to her, so she always feels ________. A．leaving out B．leave out C．left out D．leaves out 【高中分词考点聚焦】 课标解读 现在分词和过去分词在复杂句型中的使用，如分词短语作状语、定语、补语等。 现在分词和过去分词在各种时态和语态中的准确运用，包括进行时、完成时、被动语态等。 现在分词和过去分词作为非谓语动词在句子中的功能和意义。 考点清单 一、分词的分类及形式 1. 现在分词的形式： 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式：not + 现在分词 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如： They went to the park, singing and talking. Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important. Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 2、过去分词的形式：（done） 　过去分词只有一般式，没有完成式，也没有主动语态。 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： 　　A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义（不及物动词的过去分词除外）。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词的用法 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 1. 分词作定语 1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： 　　Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?） 　　预定的座位在哪里？ 　　This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）这是一个紧迫的问题。 　　 2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　The funds raised （= which have been raised） are mainly used for helping the homeless. 　　筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。 　　There are many students waiting （= who are waiting） to get examined. 　　有许多学生在等待检查。 　　This book， written （= which is written） in simple English， is suitable for beginners. 　　本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。 3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如： 　　The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone. 　　那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。 　　The newly-built building is our office building. 　　这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。 4）有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如： 　　There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 　　秋天有许多落叶。 　　The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 　　这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。 　　常用的这一类词有：fallen， faded， returned， retired， risen， grown up， vanished等。 比较：一般来讲，及物动词的动词-ing形式修饰事物，其过去分词修饰人。 a surprising result一个惊人的结果 surprised girls吃惊的姑娘们 tiring music烦人的音乐 a tired man一个疲倦的人 When they heard the exciting news,they got excited.Then the people shouted loudly and cheered.当他们听到这一激动人心的消息时，他们变得激动起来。然后这些激动的人们大声地叫喊、欢呼。 2. 分词作宾语补足语 1） 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch， have get， keep， hear， find， feel， leave， make， want， start， notice， observe， watch， set等。例如： 　　When they returned home from the holiday， they found their house stolen. 　　当他们度假完回到家时，发现房子被盗了。（过去分词表示被动） 　　We want this work finished quickly. 　　我们要求这项工作很快完成。 2）在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如： 　　There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard. 　　由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。 　　When he awoke， he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 　　他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。 3. 分词作状语 1）分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句；表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如： 　　Confined to bed （= Because she was confined to bed）， she needed to be waited on in everything. 　　她卧病在床，什么事都需要人伺候。（作原因状语） 　　Having only book knowledge （= If you only have book knowledge）， you will not be able to work well. 　　如果只有书本知识，你就不可能做好工作。（作条件状语） 　　They stood there waiting for the bus. （=They stood there and waited for the bus.） 　　他们站在那里等公共汽车。（作方式状语） (1)、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。 　　多数情形下，分词动作发生于谓语动作之前，有时候分词动作和谓语动作同时发生。 　　e.g. Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.（分词动作发生于谓语动作之前） 　　Riding in the street during the rush hours, you must be careful.(分词动作和谓语动作同时发生) (2)、表示原因，分词短语可置于句首或句末，有时还可以置于主谓之间。 　　e.g. Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice. (3)、表示条件，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Given more time, I would be able to complete it. (4)、表示让步，通常放在句首 　　e.g. Having lived in Canada for three years, he still can`t speak English well. (5)、表结果，一般只放在句末。 　　e.g. I went home, finding the door locked (6)、表伴随状况，补充说明或方式，分词短语置于句首或句末均可。 　　e.g. He came running breathless and told me the results. 2） 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较 　　不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语，如果单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句，如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。有时为了强调，分词前可带连词when， while， if， though， as if， unless等一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如： 　　Working hard （If you work hard）， you will succeed. 　　如果你努力，你会成功的。 　　Defeated （= Though he was defeated）， he remained a popular boxer. 　　虽然他被击败了，但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。 4. 分词的独立结构 1）分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格。在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。例如： 　　The project finished, they had a two weeks' leave. 　　完成那个计划后，他们休了两周假。 　　He being absent, nothing could be done. 　　由于他缺席，什么事也没法干。 2） 独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词（或代词的宾语）+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： 　　They sat there silently,（with） their eyes fixed on the lake. 　　他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛看着湖面。 　　With him helping me, I felt lucky. 　　有他的帮助，我感到很幸运。 拓展1： 过去分词作表语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain, sound, feel等系动词之后； “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。 例1：Though he was a new man, he got accustomed to the way of life here very soon. 例2： Tom sounds very interested in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it. be+动词的过去分词”，有时是系表结构，而不是被动语态，因为此时的过去分词已经形容词化了。常用于系表结构的过去分词有： astonished感到吃惊的 educated受过教育的 excited兴奋的 fallen落下的 frightened受惊的 gone过去的，消失的 interested感兴趣的 known著名的 learned有学问的 mistaken误解的，弄错的 retired退休的 returned已归来的 risen升起来的 upset心烦的 My watch .我的手表不见了。 It’s not my fault.You .这不是我的过错，你误会了。 拓展2： 部分动词常用于“be+过去分词+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语 be absorbed in 被……吸引，专注于 be lost in 迷失在……中 be dressed in 穿着…… be caught/trapped/stuck in 被困在…… be occupied in 忙碌于…… be located/situated in 坐落在…… be equipped/furnished with 被配备…… be loaded/burdened with 担负着…… be faced with 面临着…… be accustomed/used to doing 习惯于做某事 be devoted/committed to doing 致力于做某事 be addicted to doing 对……上瘾 例：Absorbed in reading, Tom didn’t even notice his mom come in. 1、 语法单句填空（注意分词用法） 1．China is one of the largest countries in the world, (cover) 9.6 million square kilometers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Listen! There must be someone (walk) through the jungle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3． (write) in simple but authentic English, the articles introduce me to Western society and culture. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4． by the noise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. (frighten) (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The poor lady had her money (steal) on the bus when coming home. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Most of the organisers are volunteers and much of the money (raise) from ticket sales goes to charity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．My father has my bike (repair). （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．They will hold a meeting to discuss something (associate) with music. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Today I’ve been photographing a crocodile (swim) close to our boat. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The national park has a lot of wildlife, (range) from tigers to elephants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 11．感动地潸然泪下，妈妈将双胞胎姐妹紧紧拥入怀中. , mom threw her arms around the twin sisters tightly. 12．那辆电动车从拐角突然出现，差点把我撞倒。 The electric bike appeared suddenly around the corner, nearly . 13．The house my grandfather was sold yesterday. 属于我爷爷的房子昨天被卖掉了。 14．几天前他在踢足球时摔断了一条腿。(have＋宾语＋宾补) He while playing football the other day. 15．这些孩子沉浸在游戏中，一点都不觉得饿。 their game, these children didn’t feel hungry at all 16．我认为怀特先生提到的那本书很值得一读。 I thought the book by Mr. White was well worth reading. 17．I (感到非常迷惑) about what to do in the future. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 18．You might as well have your car (定期检查) from then on. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 19．My uncle came to our New Year party, (装扮) as Donald Duck. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 20．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 一．语法填空(用动词的适当形式填空) 1．________(go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans 2.________(be)． The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will undoubtedly help you get 3.________(refresh)! The 4.________(amaze) thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature 5.________(get) the hotter the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us 6.________(astonish)． What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can't help 7.________(wonder) how hard it was for the people then 8.________(put) all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 9.________(ache) legs. As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in mine.While you're in China，Mount Huangshan is a must 10.________ (visit)! 二、阅读理解 Why do Chinese people love hot pot so much? As the winter months are coming in, more and more people are sitting around a table enjoying this kind of traditional meal. I find myself wondering what it is about this traditional meal, which has existed for more than 1,000 years. What makes it a Chinese food favourite? It seems that the answer lies beyond the dish itself. Hot pot isn’t just designed to keep you warm during the cold months; it’s also a social experience. It’s a “theater” cooked food that turns a meal into an event. There is a lot of fun for everyone to have in adding some foods to the hot pot. Hot pot is eaten over two to three hours. For this reason, it is often considered an evening’s entertainment, and a time to spend with friends and families. However, many Westerners would be put off by the idea of other people sticking chopsticks in their food. When we come to eat at the table in the UK, we often have our own shares, although the experience is still a social one. A similar experience to the hot pot can be found in Korean barbecue restaurants, which let you cook your own meat. This allows people to have their meat done however they want. For most Westerners, the idea of going to a restaurant to cook their own food is very strange. But having a go, I find it’s now one of my favourite meals in Beijing. The steam from the pot left my clothes smelling of food when I got home, but perhaps this was also part of the experience. When the cold wind is blowing outside, I am sitting around with my good friends, eating and drinking. For me it’s like a dinner party where my taste buds (味蕾) and my appetite are equally satisfied in the warm company of friends. 1．What is the main reason why hot pot is popular in China? A．It has a history of over 1,000 years. B．It is a fun social experience. C．It serves people with many kinds of foods. D．It keeps people very warm in winter. 2．We can conclude from the article that British people generally ______ . A．enjoy cooking their own food in restaurants B．prefer a Korean barbecue to Chinese hot pot C．don’t like sharing food with others in restaurants D．don’t mind the smell of food staying on their clothes 3．What is the author’s attitude to hot pot? A．Serious. B．Tired. C．Humorous. D．Appreciative. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 traditional meal n. 传统美食 social experience n. 社交体验 entertainment n. 娱乐活动 put off v. 推迟，反感 appetite n. 食欲，胃口 长难句分析 原句：It’s a “theater” cooked food that turns a meal into an event. 译文：它是一种 “剧场” 烹饪食物，将一顿饭变成一场活动。 分析：本句是强调句，结构为 “It is + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”。被强调部分为 “a ‘theater’ cooked food”，强调主语，that 引导的从句 “turns a meal into an event” 为句子的谓语和宾语。 中文翻译 为什么中国人这么喜欢火锅？随着冬季的到来，越来越多的人围坐在桌子旁享受这种传统美食。我发现自己在想，这种已经存在了 1000 多年的传统美食有什么特别之处，是什么让它成为中国人的最爱？答案似乎超出了这道菜本身。 火锅不仅仅是为了在寒冷的月份里让你保持温暖，它还是一种社交体验。它是一种 “剧场” 烹饪食物，将一顿饭变成一场活动。每个人都可以在往火锅里添加食材的过程中获得很多乐趣。 吃火锅需要两到三个小时。因此，它通常被认为是晚上的娱乐活动，是与朋友和家人共度的时光。然而，许多西方人会对别人用筷子夹他们的食物的想法感到反感。当我们在英国围桌吃饭时，我们通常都有自己的份额，尽管这仍然是一种社交体验。 在韩国烧烤餐厅可以找到类似火锅的体验，在那里你可以自己烹饪肉类。这让人们可以按照自己的喜好烹饪肉类。 对大多数西方人来说，去餐馆自己做饭的想法很奇怪。但尝试之后，我发现这是我在北京最喜欢的一顿饭之一。当我回到家时，锅里的蒸汽让我的衣服散发出食物的味道，但也许这也是体验的一部分。当寒风吹在外面的时候，我和我的好朋友围坐在一起，又吃又喝。对我来说，这就像一场晚宴，在朋友们的温暖陪伴下，我的味蕾和食欲得到了同样的满足。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$