衔接点07 主谓一致（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点07 主谓一致（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 意义一致原则：意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 高中“主谓一致”主要学习句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中主谓一致考点聚焦】 1．There ________ a basketball match between Class One and Class Three tomorrow. A．is going to be B．will have C．are going to be D．is going to have 2．—Either you or he ________ going to plant trees this Sunday in the village. —Yes. It’s a great idea to protect the local environment. A．are B．is C．were D．be 3．________ be a new exhibition about AI technology at the science museum next month. A．There is B．There will C．It will D．There are 4．You don’t need to take any cash (现金) when shopping. You may pay by ________Alipay (支付宝) ________WeChat (微信). A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not; but D．between; and 5．________ the students in our school is about three thousand. Look!________ them are planting trees. A．A number of; The number of B．A number of; A number of C．The number of; The number of D．The number of; A number of 6．Just remember ______ success ______ failure is your final result. They are just parts of your life. A．both; and B．not only; but also C．either; or D．neither; nor 7．—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 8．The set of keys ________ Tina’s and the family ________ watching TV. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 9．My family always ________ dumplings together during the Spring Festival. A．make B．makes C．making D．is making 10．The Smiths ______ supper at seven last night. A．was having B．were having C．is having D．are having 【高中主谓一致考点聚焦】 课标解读 在英语表达中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，我们称之为“主谓一致”。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑外，还要考虑到。 典型例句：1.Either he or I am wrong.不是他错了，就是我错了。 2.The singer and dancer comes from Shanghai.那位歌舞演员来自上海。 3.A number of students like playing football.许多学生喜欢踢足球。 考点清单 一、主谓一致核心原则 主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致 ：依据主语的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：“The girl reads a book.”（女孩读书。）“Girls read books.”（女孩们读书。） 意义一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义。例如：“Ten dollars is enough for this purchase.”（十美元足以用于这次购买。）虽主语 “Ten dollars” 是复数形式，但表达的是一笔钱的整体概念，故谓语用单数。 就近一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。多出现在由 “either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连接的句子中。例如：“Either you or he is going to the party.”（要么你去参加聚会，要么他去。） 二、常见主谓一致情况归纳 （一）、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 · 由 and 连接主语时 不同人 / 物→复数：若并列主语表示不同个体，谓语动词用复数。 例：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.（李明和张华是好学生。） Both rice and wheat are grown here.（这里种植水稻和小麦。） 同一人 / 物→单数：若并列主语指同一人或整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 例：The professor and writer is speaking.（这位教授兼作家在发言。） Fish and chips is a popular dish.（炸鱼薯条是一道受欢迎的菜。） 必背：常被视为一个整体的“A and B”结构 a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a horse and cart马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a law and rule法规 a needle and thread一套针线 fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 each/every 修饰→单数：并列主语前有 each, every, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Each doctor and nurse was asked to help.（每位医护人员都被要求提供帮助。） Many a student has made this mistake.（许多学生犯过这个错误。） · 由 or/neither...nor 等连接主语时 就近一致原则：谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 例：Either you or Jane is to go.（要么你去，要么简去。） Neither the teacher nor the students like the music.（老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。） 由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。 A or B（A或B……） 谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。 Either A or B（不是A就是B……） Neither A nor B（A和B都不……） Not only A but also B（不仅A……而且B……） （二）、单一主语的主谓一致 · 以复数形式结尾的名词 学科名词→单数：physics, mathematics 等学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Physics is a fundamental subject.（物理是一门基础学科。） 两部分组成的物体→复数：trousers, scissors 等词单独作主语时用复数，但若被 pair 等单位词修饰，则由单位词决定单复数。 例：My trousers are white.（我的裤子是白色的。） A pair of scissors is in the drawer.（抽屉里有一把剪刀。） 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 chopsticks筷子 compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子（美国英语） scissors剪子 shoes鞋 shorts短裤 socks短袜 trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语） · 集体名词 强调整体→单数：family, team 等词强调整体时用单数。 例：The family is moving to New York.（这家人要搬到纽约。） 强调个体→复数：若强调成员，谓语动词用复数。 例：The family have different opinions.（这家人意见不一。） 切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 belongings财产 clothes衣服 earnings收入 goods货物 leavings剩余 savings储蓄 · 非谓语动词或从句作主语 单数原则：不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Swimming is good for health.（游泳有益健康。） What he said remains a mystery.（他的话仍是个谜。） 多概念→复数：若多个非谓语动词表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 例：Reading and writing are essential skills.（阅读和写作是基本技能。） （三）、其他情况的主谓一致 · 表示距离、时间等的复数名词 整体概念→单数：Five dollars seems fair.（五美元听起来合理。） 强调数目→复数：One hundred cents make a dollar.（100 美分等于 1 美元。） · 不定代词作主语 单数原则：everyone, something 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Everyone was surprised at the news.（所有人都对消息感到惊讶。） · 分数 / 百分数 + of... 结构 of 后名词决定单复数： 例：Two thirds of the students support the plan.（三分之二的学生支持计划。） Three fourths of the earth is water.（地球四分之三是水。） · there/here 引导的句子 就近一致：谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。 例：There is a book and two pens.（有一本书和两支笔。） Here are some gifts for you.（这些是给你的礼物。） 一、选择题 1. Neither the teacher nor the students ______ this movie. A. likes B. like C. liking 2. The number of students in the class ______ 30. A. is B. are C. be 3. Each of the girls ______ a present. A. has B. have C. had 4. Either you or he ______ to the party. A. are invited B. is invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 5. The family ______ watching TV in the living room now. A. Is B. are C. were D. was 6. Mathematics ______ a difficult subject for many students. A. Are B. is C. were D. was 7. A lot of time and effort ______ into the project. A. has been put B. have been put C. is put D. are put 8. ______ of the students in our class ______ good at English. A. Two thirds; are B. Two third; is C. Two thirds; is D. Two third; are 二、改错题 1. The family is arguing about their holiday plans. 2. Three kilometers are not far for a runner. 三、翻译题 1. 不仅学生们，老师也喜欢这个活动。 _____________________________________________. 2. 桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 _____________________________________________. 一．单句语法填空 1.Since 2016 when the company ________ (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. 2.The formation of each celadon ________ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object. 3.What ________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years. 4.However, as society ________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. 5.While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ________ (be) quite useful. 6.Reading articles and short posts ________ (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements. 7.On that day, there ________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 8.For instance, chess ________ (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. 9.It can be employed to create artworks and realistically reproduce all kinds of Chinese calligraphy and paintings. Among the famous prints ________ (be) “Night Revels of Han Xizai”． 10.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 二、语法选择 　　After nearly five years of construction (建设), the Beijing Daxing International Airport 　1　 on Sept. 25, 2019. Five years 　2　 really not a long time for building such a big airport. Seated in the south of Beijing, it is the world's largest transportation hub (枢纽). The Guardian listed it as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”.   Gardens There 　3　 five gardens at the end of five boarding (登机) gates. At the end of the northern boarding gate 　4　 the Chinese garden. There are Chinese-style buildings in it. People can hang out in the garden while waiting for their flights.   Flight terminal The airport is very large. It has the world's largest flight terminal (航站楼) in a single building. The building 　5　 an area of 700,000 square meters—the size of 98 soccer fields. The number of passengers here each year 　6　 more than 100 million. The terminal looks like a starfish. The distance between the central area and the farthest boarding gate 　7　 600 meters. It only 　8　 eight minutes to walk between the two.   Parking lot The parking lot is in the southern part of the airport. It's close to the flight terminal. A robot-operated parking system 　9　 used. After drivers 　10　 their cars, robots will lift the cars and carry them to an open parking space. When collecting (领取) their cars, drivers can use their parking tickets to get information on where to find their cars.  1.A.is open　　　 B.are open C.was open　　　 D.were open 2.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 3.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 4.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 5.A.have　　　 B.has C.will have　　　 D.had 6.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 7.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 8.A.take　　　 B.takes C.spend　　　 D.spends 9.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 10.A.park　　　 B.parks C.will park　　　 D.parked 三、阅读理解 Some time ago, most people would have found it hard to imagine a world where you could send a small picture to someone and it would be a good way to respond. But today, emojis （表情符号）are everywhere in communication, and many people think they are a new form of language. The first emojis were made in 1999 by a Japanese artist. He was working for a mobile network company. The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched (发布) their mobile Internet system. Messages on the system were limited to 250 characters, so he thought emojis would be an expeditious way for people to communicate, which made online talks easy and quick. At that time, people were already using “emoticons” in their conversations. These are simple faces made using characters on a keyboard. For example, a colon and a right parenthesis — :) — make a basic smiley face. The artist took this idea and made it better by creating 176 black-and-white pixel images to show things like emotions, weather, and food. This set of emojis is now part of the permanent (永久的) collection at New York City’s Museum of Modern Art. The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters. The word emoji is a combination of two Japanese words: e which means picture, and moji which means character. The artist said he never thought emojis would become so popular around the world. But they did — and it happened quickly. Other companies in Japan started using emojis too, and by the mid-2000s, international companies began including them in their systems. In 2010, emojis were officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium, an organization that keeps text standards in software. This meant emojis could be used on any operating system. Today, the Unicode Consortium has approved (认可) over 3,700 emojis, showing different moods, animals, food, flags, and more. And just like any other language, emojis keep growing, with new ones added every year. 1．Why were the first emojis created? A．To replace emoticons. B．To create a new form of art. C．To compete with other companies. D．To promote a new mobile Internet system. 2．What does the underlined word “expeditious” in paragraph 2 closely refer to? A．virtual. B．thought-provoking. C．efficient. D．accessible. 3．What inspired the artist to create emojis? A．Modern art and technology. B．International travel experiences. C．Popular movies and television shows. D．Weather symbols and Chinese characters. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The Story Of Emojis. B．The Way To Use Emojis. C．The History Of Emoticons. D．The Story About A Japanese Artist. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 emoji n. 表情符号 launch v. 发布，推出 character n. 字符，文字 expeditious adj. 迅速的，高效的 permanent collection n. 永久收藏 长难句分析 原句：The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched their mobile Internet system. 译文：公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。 分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为 “The company asked him to create a set of emojis”，“to use when they launched their mobile Internet system” 为不定式短语作目的状语，其中 “when they launched their mobile Internet system” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句。 中文翻译 不久前，大多数人还很难想象这样一个世界：你可以给某人发送一张小图片，这将是一种很好的回应方式。但今天，表情符号在交流中无处不在，许多人认为它们是一种新的语言形式。 第一个表情符号是 1999 年由一位日本艺术家创作的。他当时在一家移动网络公司工作。公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。该系统上的信息限制在 250 个字符以内，所以他认为表情符号对人们来说会是一种高效的交流方式，能让在线交流轻松又快速。 当时，人们已经在对话中使用 “表情符号” 了。这些是用键盘上的字符组成的简单面孔。例如，冒号和右括号 ——:)—— 组成一个基本的笑脸。这位艺术家借鉴了这个想法，并通过创建 176 个黑白像素图像来表现情感、天气和食物等内容，使它变得更好。这组表情符号现在是纽约现代艺术博物馆永久收藏的一部分。 这位艺术家说，他的灵感来自于天气预报中使用的符号和汉字。“emoji” 这个词是两个日语单词的组合：“e” 的意思是 “图片”，“moji” 的意思是 “字符”。这位艺术家说，他从未想过表情符号会在全世界如此流行。 但它们确实如此 —— 而且发生得很快。日本的其他公司也开始使用表情符号，到 21 世纪中期，国际公司开始将它们纳入自己的系统。2010 年，表情符号被 Unicode 联盟正式认可，这是一个在软件中保持文本标准的组织。这意味着表情符号可以在任何操作系统上使用。 今天，Unicode 联盟已经认可了 3700 多个表情符号，展示了不同的情绪、动物、食物、旗帜等。就像任何其他语言一样，表情符号不断增长，每年都会增加新的表情符号。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点07 主谓一致（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 语法一致原则：主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 意义一致原则：意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。 高中“主谓一致”主要学习句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。主要从并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致和单一主语情况下对谓语的要求，以及其他一些特殊情况下的主谓一致。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中主谓一致考点聚焦】 1．There ________ a basketball match between Class One and Class Three tomorrow. A．is going to be B．will have C．are going to be D．is going to have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：明天一班和三班将有一场篮球比赛。 考查there be结构的将来时。此处表示“有”，用there be结构，根据“tomorrow”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be/there be going to be，主语是名词单数，be动词用is。故选A。 2．—Either you or he ________ going to plant trees this Sunday in the village. —Yes. It’s a great idea to protect the local environment. A．are B．is C．were D．be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这个星期天，不是你就是他将在村子里植树。——是的。保护当地环境是个好主意。 考查主谓一致。根据“Either you or he…going to plant trees this Sunday in the village.”可知，“Either…or…”作主语时，遵循“就近”原则，此处he是第三人称单数，所以be动词用 is。故选B。 3．________ be a new exhibition about AI technology at the science museum next month. A．There is B．There will C．It will D．There are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下个月科学博物馆将有一个关于人工智能技术的新展览。 考查there be句型与一般将来时。句中“next month”表明事件将发生在将来。there be句型表示存在，其将来时形式为There will be。故选B。 4．You don’t need to take any cash (现金) when shopping. You may pay by ________Alipay (支付宝) ________WeChat (微信). A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not; but D．between; and 【答案】A 【详解】句意：购物时你不需要带现金，你可以用支付宝或微信支付。 考查连词辨析。either...or...要么…… 要么……；neither...nor...既不……也不……；not...but...不是……而是……；between...and...在……和…… 之间。根据“You may pay by…Alipay (支付宝)…WeChat (微信).”可知，此处应该是“用支付宝或微信支付” 的选择关系。故选A。 5．________ the students in our school is about three thousand. Look!________ them are planting trees. A．A number of; The number of B．A number of; A number of C．The number of; The number of D．The number of; A number of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们学校的学生数量大约是三千人。看！他们中的许多人正在植树。 考查a/the number of用法。a number of +可数名词复数，表示“许多的，大量的”，谓语动词用复数；the number of +可数名词复数，表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。根据题干可知，第一空指的是学生的数量；第二空指的是许多学生。故选D。 6．Just remember ______ success ______ failure is your final result. They are just parts of your life. A．both; and B．not only; but also C．either; or D．neither; nor 【答案】D 【详解】句意：记住，成功和失败都不是你的最终结果。它们只是你生活的一部分。 考查并列连词辨析。both...and两者都； not only...but also不但……而且；either...or要么……要么；neither...nor既不……也不。根据“They are just parts of your life.”可知，它们只是你生活的一部分，因此成功和失败都不是最终结果，应用neither...nor。故选D。 7．—Tom, as well as his friends, ________ interested in robotics. —They often build models together. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Tom和他的朋友们都对机器人很感兴趣。——他们经常在一起制作机器人模型。 考查主谓一致。is用于主语为第三人称单数；are用于主语为复数；was为is和am的过去式；were为are的过去式。根据语境可知，谈论的是一般的状况，句子用一般现在时；主语后有 as well as 连接的其他名词时，谓语动词的数由第一个主语决定；句子主语是Tom，第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选A。 8．The set of keys ________ Tina’s and the family ________ watching TV. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这套钥匙是蒂娜的，一家人正在看电视。 考查主谓一致。根据“The set of keys”可知，此处是指一个整体，be动词应用is；根据“the family …watching TV.”可知，此处是指每个家庭成员，为复数，be动词应用are。故选C。 9．My family always ________ dumplings together during the Spring Festival. A．make B．makes C．making D．is making 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的家人总是在春节期间一起包饺子。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“always”可知，本句是一般现在时，排除CD；My family在此表示家人，是复数概念，谓语动词用原形。故选A。 10．The Smiths ______ supper at seven last night. A．was having B．were having C．is having D．are having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：史密斯一家昨晚七点正在吃晚饭。 考查主谓一致和时态。根据“at seven last night”可知，句子描述的是过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应该用过去进行时“was/were doing”；主语“The Smiths”表示“史密斯一家人”，是复数概念，be动词用were。故选B。 【高中主谓一致考点聚焦】 课标解读 在英语表达中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，我们称之为“主谓一致”。要做到主谓一致，除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化外，还要考虑到谓语动词的时态和语态的变化。 典型例句：1.Either he or I am wrong.不是他错了，就是我错了。 2.The singer and dancer comes from Shanghai.那位歌舞演员来自上海。 3.A number of students like playing football.许多学生喜欢踢足球。 考点清单 一、主谓一致核心原则 主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致 ：依据主语的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：“The girl reads a book.”（女孩读书。）“Girls read books.”（女孩们读书。） 意义一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义。例如：“Ten dollars is enough for this purchase.”（十美元足以用于这次购买。）虽主语 “Ten dollars” 是复数形式，但表达的是一笔钱的整体概念，故谓语用单数。 就近一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。多出现在由 “either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连接的句子中。例如：“Either you or he is going to the party.”（要么你去参加聚会，要么他去。） 二、常见主谓一致情况归纳 （一）、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 · 由 and 连接主语时 不同人 / 物→复数：若并列主语表示不同个体，谓语动词用复数。 例：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.（李明和张华是好学生。） Both rice and wheat are grown here.（这里种植水稻和小麦。） 同一人 / 物→单数：若并列主语指同一人或整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 例：The professor and writer is speaking.（这位教授兼作家在发言。） Fish and chips is a popular dish.（炸鱼薯条是一道受欢迎的菜。） 必背：常被视为一个整体的“A and B”结构 a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a horse and cart马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a law and rule法规 a needle and thread一套针线 fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 each/every 修饰→单数：并列主语前有 each, every, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Each doctor and nurse was asked to help.（每位医护人员都被要求提供帮助。） Many a student has made this mistake.（许多学生犯过这个错误。） · 由 or/neither...nor 等连接主语时 就近一致原则：谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 例：Either you or Jane is to go.（要么你去，要么简去。） Neither the teacher nor the students like the music.（老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。） 由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。 A or B（A或B……） 谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。 Either A or B（不是A就是B……） Neither A nor B（A和B都不……） Not only A but also B（不仅A……而且B……） （二）、单一主语的主谓一致 · 以复数形式结尾的名词 学科名词→单数：physics, mathematics 等学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Physics is a fundamental subject.（物理是一门基础学科。） 两部分组成的物体→复数：trousers, scissors 等词单独作主语时用复数，但若被 pair 等单位词修饰，则由单位词决定单复数。 例：My trousers are white.（我的裤子是白色的。） A pair of scissors is in the drawer.（抽屉里有一把剪刀。） 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 chopsticks筷子 compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子（美国英语） scissors剪子 shoes鞋 shorts短裤 socks短袜 trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语） · 集体名词 强调整体→单数：family, team 等词强调整体时用单数。 例：The family is moving to New York.（这家人要搬到纽约。） 强调个体→复数：若强调成员，谓语动词用复数。 例：The family have different opinions.（这家人意见不一。） 切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 belongings财产 clothes衣服 earnings收入 goods货物 leavings剩余 savings储蓄 · 非谓语动词或从句作主语 单数原则：不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Swimming is good for health.（游泳有益健康。） What he said remains a mystery.（他的话仍是个谜。） 多概念→复数：若多个非谓语动词表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 例：Reading and writing are essential skills.（阅读和写作是基本技能。） （三）、其他情况的主谓一致 · 表示距离、时间等的复数名词 整体概念→单数：Five dollars seems fair.（五美元听起来合理。） 强调数目→复数：One hundred cents make a dollar.（100 美分等于 1 美元。） · 不定代词作主语 单数原则：everyone, something 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Everyone was surprised at the news.（所有人都对消息感到惊讶。） · 分数 / 百分数 + of... 结构 of 后名词决定单复数： 例：Two thirds of the students support the plan.（三分之二的学生支持计划。） Three fourths of the earth is water.（地球四分之三是水。） · there/here 引导的句子 就近一致：谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。 例：There is a book and two pens.（有一本书和两支笔。） Here are some gifts for you.（这些是给你的礼物。） 一、选择题 1. Neither the teacher nor the students ______ this movie. A. likes B. like C. liking 答案：B 解析：neither...nor 遵循就近原则，students 为复数，故用 like。 2. The number of students in the class ______ 30. A. is B. are C. be 答案：A 解析：the number of 表示 “…… 的数量”，谓语动词用单数。 3. Each of the girls ______ a present. A. has B. have C. had 答案：A 解析：each 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 4. Either you or he ______ to the party. A. are invited B. is invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 答案：B 解析：“either...or...” 遵循就近一致原则，靠近谓语的主语是 “he”，故谓语用单数 “is invited”。 5. The family ______ watching TV in the living room now. A. Is B. are C. were D. was 答案：A 解析：此处强调整体 “家庭” 正在做某事，故谓语用单数 “is”。 6. Mathematics ______ a difficult subject for many students. A. Are B. is C. were D. was 答案：B 解析：“mathematics” 作主语时，通常视为单数概念，故谓语用 “is”。 7. A lot of time and effort ______ into the project. A. has been put B. have been put C. is put D. are put 答案：A ： 解析：“A lot of time and effort” 被视为一个整体投入项目，且句子用现在完成时被动语态，故用 “has been put”。 8. ______ of the students in our class ______ good at English. A. Two thirds; are B. Two third; is C. Two thirds; is D. Two third; are 答案：A ： 解析：“Two thirds” 表分数，后接复数名词 “students”，故谓语用复数 “are”。 二、改错题 1. The family is arguing about their holiday plans. 答案：is → are 解析：此处强调家庭成员的个体行为，故用复数。 2. Three kilometers are not far for a runner. 答案：are → is 解析：表示距离的复数名词作主语，常视为整体，用单数。 三、翻译题 1. 不仅学生们，老师也喜欢这个活动。 _____________________________________________. 答案：Not only the students but also the teacher likes the activity. 解析：就近原则，teacher 为单数，故用 likes。 2. 桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 _____________________________________________. 答案：There is a pen and some books on the desk. 解析：就近原则，a pen 为单数，故用 is。 一．单句语法填空 1.Since 2016 when the company ________ (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. 2.The formation of each celadon ________ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object. 3.What ________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years. 4.However, as society ________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional. 5.While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ________ (be) quite useful. 6.Reading articles and short posts ________ (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements. 7.On that day, there ________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. 8.For instance, chess ________ (recognize) as a sport by the International Olympic Committee in 1999. 9.It can be employed to create artworks and realistically reproduce all kinds of Chinese calligraphy and paintings. Among the famous prints ________ (be) “Night Revels of Han Xizai”． 10.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _____________(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 1.was founded　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的2016可知，该处用一般过去时；主语the company表示单数，且和动词found之间为被动关系。故填was founded。 2.is　考查时态及主谓一致。句意：每个青瓷的形成都是一个生命铸造的过程。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时，故填is。 3.makes　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让人感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代的英雄们。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，What引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 4.progresses　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，随着社会的进步，收入的迅速增长和生活水平的提高，将会有更多的中国人寻求传统以外的体验。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语society是单数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 5.is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然我们不能预防所有的不幸和疾病，但了解一些急救技能是非常有用的。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 6.plays　考查主谓一致。句意：阅读长文和短文在整合知识方面都起着重要的作用。分析句子结构，此空在句中做谓语，主语“Reading articles and short posts”为单数概念，根据上下文，用一般现在时态。 7.are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在那一天，有很多传统的庆祝活动。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近原则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，所以要填复数形式，描述一般事实用一般现在时，故填are。 8.was recognized　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知， recognize是本句的谓语。结合时间状语in 1999可知，时态用一般过去时；主语chess与recognize之间是被动关系；主语chess为第三人称单数。所以空处填was recognized。 9.is　考查时态和主谓一致。该句为倒装句。句子的主语为“Night Revels of Han Xizai”，故谓语动词应用单数形式；又因为该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时，故填is。 10. is regarded。Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是is regarded。 二、语法选择 　　After nearly five years of construction (建设), the Beijing Daxing International Airport 　1　 on Sept. 25, 2019. Five years 　2　 really not a long time for building such a big airport. Seated in the south of Beijing, it is the world's largest transportation hub (枢纽). The Guardian listed it as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”.   Gardens There 　3　 five gardens at the end of five boarding (登机) gates. At the end of the northern boarding gate 　4　 the Chinese garden. There are Chinese-style buildings in it. People can hang out in the garden while waiting for their flights.   Flight terminal The airport is very large. It has the world's largest flight terminal (航站楼) in a single building. The building 　5　 an area of 700,000 square meters—the size of 98 soccer fields. The number of passengers here each year 　6　 more than 100 million. The terminal looks like a starfish. The distance between the central area and the farthest boarding gate 　7　 600 meters. It only 　8　 eight minutes to walk between the two.   Parking lot The parking lot is in the southern part of the airport. It's close to the flight terminal. A robot-operated parking system 　9　 used. After drivers 　10　 their cars, robots will lift the cars and carry them to an open parking space. When collecting (领取) their cars, drivers can use their parking tickets to get information on where to find their cars.  1.A.is open　　　 B.are open C.was open　　　 D.were open 2.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 3.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 4.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 5.A.have　　　 B.has C.will have　　　 D.had 6.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 7.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 8.A.take　　　 B.takes C.spend　　　 D.spends 9.A.is　　　 B.are C.was　　　 D.were 10.A.park　　　 B.parks C.will park　　　 D.parked 文章介绍了北京大兴国际机场。 1.C　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由本句的时间状语on Sept. 25, 2019可知,此处应用一般过去时;再根据句子的主语the Beijing Daxing International Airport可知谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C。 2.A　本题考查主谓一致。Five years为一段时间,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。 3.B　本题考查主谓一致和动词时态。此处是介绍大兴机场的一些客观事实,故用一般现在时;在there be结构中,be动词的单复数由其后所跟的名词的单复数决定。故根据空后的five gardens可知选B。 4.A　本题考查主谓一致和动词时态。本句为倒装句,主语为the Chinese garden,所以谓语动词应用单数形式,时态为一般现在时,故选A。 5.B　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语The building是单数概念且根据上下文可知时态为一般现在时。故选B。 6.A　本题考查主谓一致。本句的主语是The number of...,表示“……的数量”,且时态为一般现在时,故选A。 7.A　本题考查时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是The distance,为单数形式,且时态为一般现在时,故选A。 8.B　本题考查动词辨析和主谓一致。It takes some time to do sth.做某事花费多长时间。故选B。 9.A　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句的主语是A robot-operated parking system,且时态为一般现在时。故选A。 10.A　本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处时态为一般现在时,且主语drivers是名词复数。故选A。 三、阅读理解 Some time ago, most people would have found it hard to imagine a world where you could send a small picture to someone and it would be a good way to respond. But today, emojis （表情符号）are everywhere in communication, and many people think they are a new form of language. The first emojis were made in 1999 by a Japanese artist. He was working for a mobile network company. The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched (发布) their mobile Internet system. Messages on the system were limited to 250 characters, so he thought emojis would be an expeditious way for people to communicate, which made online talks easy and quick. At that time, people were already using “emoticons” in their conversations. These are simple faces made using characters on a keyboard. For example, a colon and a right parenthesis — :) — make a basic smiley face. The artist took this idea and made it better by creating 176 black-and-white pixel images to show things like emotions, weather, and food. This set of emojis is now part of the permanent (永久的) collection at New York City’s Museum of Modern Art. The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters. The word emoji is a combination of two Japanese words: e which means picture, and moji which means character. The artist said he never thought emojis would become so popular around the world. But they did — and it happened quickly. Other companies in Japan started using emojis too, and by the mid-2000s, international companies began including them in their systems. In 2010, emojis were officially recognized by the Unicode Consortium, an organization that keeps text standards in software. This meant emojis could be used on any operating system. Today, the Unicode Consortium has approved (认可) over 3,700 emojis, showing different moods, animals, food, flags, and more. And just like any other language, emojis keep growing, with new ones added every year. 1．Why were the first emojis created? A．To replace emoticons. B．To create a new form of art. C．To compete with other companies. D．To promote a new mobile Internet system. 2．What does the underlined word “expeditious” in paragraph 2 closely refer to? A．virtual. B．thought-provoking. C．efficient. D．accessible. 3．What inspired the artist to create emojis? A．Modern art and technology. B．International travel experiences. C．Popular movies and television shows. D．Weather symbols and Chinese characters. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．The Story Of Emojis. B．The Way To Use Emojis. C．The History Of Emoticons. D．The Story About A Japanese Artist. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了表情符号的起源、发展以及现状，说明了表情符号已经成为了一种新的语言形式，并且在全球范围内得到了广泛的应用和认可。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched (发布) their mobile Internet system.(公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。)”可知，第一个表情符号的创建是为了推广一种新的移动互联网系统。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据第二段“Messages on the system were limited to 250 characters, so he thought emojis would be an expeditious way for people to communicate, which made online talks easy and quick.(系统上的信息限制在 250 个字符以内，所以他认为表情符号对人们来说会是一种____的交流方式，能让在线交流轻松又快速)”可知，结合 “easy and quick(轻松又快速)”判断出，“expeditious” 意思应为高效的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The artist said he was inspired by symbols used in weather forecasts and Chinese characters.(这位艺术家说，他的灵感来自于天气预报中使用的符号和汉字。)”可知，激发了艺术家创作表情符号的灵感的是天气符号和汉字。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了表情符号（emojis）的起源、发展以及现状。文章从表情符号的初次出现，到其被广泛接受和应用，再到如今成为沟通中不可或缺的一部分，详细描绘了表情符号的“成长历程”。由此可知，选项A“表情符号的故事”能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 emoji n. 表情符号 launch v. 发布，推出 character n. 字符，文字 expeditious adj. 迅速的，高效的 permanent collection n. 永久收藏 长难句分析 原句：The company asked him to create a set of emojis to use when they launched their mobile Internet system. 译文：公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。 分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为 “The company asked him to create a set of emojis”，“to use when they launched their mobile Internet system” 为不定式短语作目的状语，其中 “when they launched their mobile Internet system” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句。 中文翻译 不久前，大多数人还很难想象这样一个世界：你可以给某人发送一张小图片，这将是一种很好的回应方式。但今天，表情符号在交流中无处不在，许多人认为它们是一种新的语言形式。 第一个表情符号是 1999 年由一位日本艺术家创作的。他当时在一家移动网络公司工作。公司要求他创建一组表情符号，以便在他们推出移动互联网系统时使用。该系统上的信息限制在 250 个字符以内，所以他认为表情符号对人们来说会是一种高效的交流方式，能让在线交流轻松又快速。 当时，人们已经在对话中使用 “表情符号” 了。这些是用键盘上的字符组成的简单面孔。例如，冒号和右括号 ——:)—— 组成一个基本的笑脸。这位艺术家借鉴了这个想法，并通过创建 176 个黑白像素图像来表现情感、天气和食物等内容，使它变得更好。这组表情符号现在是纽约现代艺术博物馆永久收藏的一部分。 这位艺术家说，他的灵感来自于天气预报中使用的符号和汉字。“emoji” 这个词是两个日语单词的组合：“e” 的意思是 “图片”，“moji” 的意思是 “字符”。这位艺术家说，他从未想过表情符号会在全世界如此流行。 但它们确实如此 —— 而且发生得很快。日本的其他公司也开始使用表情符号，到 21 世纪中期，国际公司开始将它们纳入自己的系统。2010 年，表情符号被 Unicode 联盟正式认可，这是一个在软件中保持文本标准的组织。这意味着表情符号可以在任何操作系统上使用。 今天，Unicode 联盟已经认可了 3700 多个表情符号，展示了不同的情绪、动物、食物、旗帜等。就像任何其他语言一样，表情符号不断增长，每年都会增加新的表情符号。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$