衔接点08 不定式（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点08 不定式（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 不定式的定义、形式和不定式基本用法。形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。 高中阶段，不定式在句中可作的各种成分；不定式省去to的情况；不定式的时态和语态。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中不定式考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1．Scientists are trying ________ new energy vehicles that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. A．developing B．to develop C．developed D．develop 2．—You can hardly imagine how hard Tom practised ______ the P.E. exam. —Oh, I see him running alone in the playground every day. A．pass B．passing C．to pass D．passed 3．Betty decides ________ a Chinese course because she is crazy about Chinese culture. A．take B．took C．taking D．to take 4．________ healthy, you need to eat vegetables and exercise often. A．Keep B．Kept C．Keeping D．To keep 5．The cartoon movie Ne Zha 2 shows how important it is _______ the unfairness in the world. A．to fight B．to admire C．to accept 6．Last weekend Tom went to the library ________ some books on music. A．borrow B．borrowed C．to borrow D．borrowing 7．Yesterday afternoon, the old man warned some naughty boys ________ football near the busy street. A．not play B．not to play C．not playing D．don’t play 8．Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A．to be killed B．to kill C．killed D．to have been killed 9．Maria is said ________ on a novel these days. She plans to finish it next month. A．to work B．work C．to be working D．working 10．We live in an information age, so we have more chances ________ ourselves. A．to improve B．improve C．improved D．improves 【高中不定式考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。动词不定式有及物和不及物之分，有时态和语态的变化。理解不定式的时态和语态变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式等。掌握一些特殊句型中不定式的使用，如It's time to do sth., would rather do sth.等。 考点清单 一.不定式构成形式 不定式的形式有六种（以动词give为例）： 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to+动词原形 （to give） to be+过去分词 （to be given） 完成式 to have+过去分词 （to have given） to have been+过去分词 （to have been given） 进行式 to be+现在分词 （to be giving） — 完成进行式 to have been+现在分词 （to have been giving） — 二.不定式的用法 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，是句子结构平衡。 e.g. It is dangerous to play with fire. (=To play with fire is dangerous.) 我们可以得出这样的一个句型：It is +adj.+to do sth. 另外，“Wh-+不定式”也可以作主语。 e.g. When to leave hasn’t been decided yet. 总结不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. 2. 作宾语 He decided all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 他决定邀请他所有的同学到海滨度假。 He promised not anyone about it.他答应不把这件事情告诉任何人。 (1)..以下动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语： ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fall, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。如：He refused to lend me his bicycle. (2).下列动词后接不定式或-ing形式作宾语均可，意思相差甚微。 begin, start, like, love, continue, prefer, hate等。如： I like watching TV, but I don’t like to watch TV this evening. 注意：like doing表示习惯性动作，like to do表示具体动作。 (3).在及物动词tell, advise, show, teach, learn, know, decide等词之后，常接“疑问词(how, what, whether, where, when, who等)+不定式”构成的不定式短语作宾语。如： He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.) I don’t know what to do. (=I don’t know what I should do.) We must decide whether to go or not. The enemy had no choice but to give in. 总结不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 2. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 3. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 3. 作表语 1.不定式作表语时常见的动词 不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词后面，如be，seem，remain，appear，get等，用来说明主语的内容。 A use of the computer network is e-mails.计算机网络的一种作用是发送电子邮件。 Mary doesn’t seem the idea.玛丽似乎不喜欢这个主意。 2.不定式作表语时常见的主语 当dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty等作主语时，及what sb. wants to do等作主语时，常用不定式作表语。 My wish is a doctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。 What Joe wants to do seems you something.乔想要做的似乎就是要告诉你一些事情。 总结不定式作表语典型用法 要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。 If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。 The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it. 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult. 4. 作定语 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面要由相应的介词。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time或place或way时，不定式后面的介词可以省略。如： He had no place to live. (1)..不定式表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. (2).用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，而且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如： He is the best man to do this job. The last one to arrive pays the meal 要点精要点精讲： 1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 总结不定式作定语典型用法 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 4. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives. 5. 作状语 不定式作状语时，常见的有目的状语、结果状语、原因状语。 (1).目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多，如果强调目的性，不定式前还可以加in order to或so as to，构成in order to do 或so as to do结构。in order to do结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首或句中。而so as to do结构只能放在句中。 e.g. He went to Beijing to/in order to/so as to see his friends. Bob took down my telephone number so as not to/in order not to forget it. (2).结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so...as to; such...as to; too...to; only to do, ...enough to等。 e.g. I’m not so stupid as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I’m too tired to stay up longer. (3).原因状语 形容词作表语时，后面可以接不定式作原因状语，用来说明产生某种情绪的原因。可以用于这类结构的常见形容词有：happy, surprised, ready, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, delighted, pleased等。 e.g. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. (4).条件状语 动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。 To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. 总结不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight. 4.The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _________ (promote) economic growth. 要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 2. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 2.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 6. 作补语 补语可以分成宾补和主补。用来补充说明宾语或主语的状态。 1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 带to的不定式作补语：advidse, allow, ask, beg, encourage, forbid, force, get, order, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, wish, 等。 The doctor advised me smoking.医生建议我戒烟。 Their boss forced them overtime.老板强迫他们加班。 2.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式在某些感官动词，如feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，notice，observe等，以及使役动词let，have，make等后作宾语补足语时，要省去to，但在被动语态中to不可省去。 They made the workers day and night. →The workers were made day and night.（在被动语态中，省去的to必须加上。） Let me hear you the piano!让我听听你弹钢琴吧！ 注意：在动词help后，to可以省略，也可以不省略。 I will help him () clean the room.我将要帮他打扫这间屋子。 3.不定式作主语补足语 The room was said .据说这个房间已被打扫过了。 （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） He was told .（被动语态） （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） →The teacher told him .他被（老师）告知要保持安静。 （to be quiet为不定式作宾语补足语） 总结不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上): 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 2. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 4. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 5. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 要点精讲3：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 2. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 三、.不定式的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing × 完成进行式 to have been doing × 1.一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans之后） 2. “to be done”表示将来，常作定语。而且不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 The school building to be finished is for our teacher. 要被建造的大楼是给我们老师使用的。 The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 医生建议让房间透透气。 3. “to have done”表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指人）是主动关系。 He is said to have finished this novel. 据说他写完了这部小说。 4. “to have been done”从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指物，也可以指人）是被动关系。 This building is said to have been built. 据说这个建筑被竣工了。 She is happy to have been admitted to a famous university. 她被一所著名大学录取了，很开心。 5.“to be doing”表示两个动作同时发生，不太强调先后顺序。 When I came in, Mr. Li happened to be talking with others. 当我进来的时候，Mr. Li碰巧和别人聊天呢。 6. “to have been doing”表示表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 I am happy to have been working here. 我很开心在这里工作。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in. 2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(miss)the early train. 4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it. 一、判断下列句子中,不定式所充当的成分 1.He asked his secretary to pass him the paper. 2.It is dangerous to swim in this river. 3.We haven’t decided where to go. 4.My task is to teach English. 5.I am so busy. I have a lot of work to do. 6.To make a good impression, you should act politely and naturally. 二、语法填空 1．My mother often tells me （not read）in bed. （所给词的适当形式填空） 2．Tom kept silent about the accident so as (not lose) his job. (所给词的适当形式填空） 3．The driver, who was (blame) for the accident, hadn’t been driving carefully.（所给词的适当形式填空） 4．I don’t have anything suitable (wear) for the party. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．To my relief, I had my father (repair) my bike yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．All we have to do for our students is (aid) them in learning English with a comparative method. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The well­designed gallery houses 2,000 works of modern art and is worthy (visit). （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．The festivals is (hold) next Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．He has become the first American scientist (award) a Nobel prize. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．It is essential for the figures (update) on a regular basis, which is important for our research. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．The problem (refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．They are believed (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen to keep warm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．Little Jack is reported (kill) in an car accident. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．The novel is said (translate) into several languages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．We rushed to the airport only (tell) that the plane had just taken off. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．I think these problems are easy (work)out, so you don’t have to ask the teacher for help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．They were disappointed (find) their limited resources were running out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．It took us about three hours (go) to the Summer Palace on foot yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Don’t hesitate (tell) your parents how you love and miss them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．After a spacecraft is launched, what we should do first is (make)sure it goes in the right orbit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21．The problem (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．The project (complete) by next month will use advanced AI technology. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．The question (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, (reduce) pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25． (promote) healthy eating habits, the hospitals launched educational campaigns, distributing free nutrition guides in communities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 26．The people present at the meeting were shocked (see) the boss rush out. （所给词的适当形式填空） 27．I paid a visit to Jason last night, only (tell) he had gone to Beijing on business. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．It is harmful to everyone (skip) breakfast too often. (所给词的适当形式填空) 29．The purpose of education is (develop) a fine personality in children. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．I cannot expect you (believe) me any more than the fishermen did. (所给词的适当形式填空) 一、语篇填空 Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand. He had to work hard 　1　 (do) things that were easy for others. Every time his classmates tried　2　 (help), he would say, “Thanks, but I can do it myself.” He learned to use the four fingers to do different things.  When Darrius was 10, he told his father that he liked piano(钢琴) music very much. “It􀆳s too bad you can􀆳t play,” his father said. But the boy took that as a challenge(挑战). “I will show people that I can,” he said to himself. Months later, a neighbour gave him an old piano when she moved away. He taught himself　3　(play) the piano and practised for hours a day.  Darrius􀆳s favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. It took Darrius a year 　4　(learn)it. “I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers,”he said. When he succeeded, he felt so proud. Later he was lucky enough to play the music together with Yiruma at a famous concert hall!Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music. Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today.  The disability 　5　 (hold) me back from anything will never disturb me.  1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  二、阅读理解 Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives(蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 1．Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest? A．It’s small in size. B．It’s hidden in trees. C．It’s covered with wax. D．It’s hard to recognize. 2．What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A bee. B．A bird. C．A honey seeker. D．A beekeeper. 3．The honey guide is special in the way ________. A．it gets its food B．it goes to church C．it sings in the forest D．it reaches into bees’ nests 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Wild Bees. B．Wax and Honey. C．Beekeeping in Africa. D．Honey-Lover’s Helper. 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 honey guide n. 蜂蜜向导 wax n. 蜂蜡 beehive n. 蜂房 attract v. 吸引 determined adj. 坚决的，坚定的 长难句分析 原句：The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives. 译文：蜂蜜向导实际上并不喜欢蜂蜜，但它确实喜欢蜂房里的蜂蜡。 分析：本句是由 but 连接的并列句。前一个分句 “The honey guide does not actually like honey” 为否定句，后一个分句 “it does like the wax in the beehives” 为肯定句，其中 “does” 为助动词，用于强调谓语动词 like。 中文翻译 非洲森林里的蜂蜜不仅是一种天然糖，而且味道鲜美。大多数人，还有许多动物，都喜欢吃它。然而，他们得到蜂蜜的唯一方法就是找到一个野蜜蜂的巢，然后从里面取蜂蜜。通常，这些巢穴都在高高的树上，很难找到它们。然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手 —— 一种被称为 “蜂蜜向导” 的小鸟。 蜂蜜向导实际上并不喜欢蜂蜜，但它确实喜欢蜂房里的蜂蜡。这只小鸟无法够到蜂蜡，因为蜂蜡在蜂巢的深处。所以，当它找到一个合适的巢穴时，它会寻找别人来帮助它。蜂蜜向导发出一声响亮的叫声，吸引了路过的动物和人的注意。一旦引起了它们的注意，它就会飞过森林，时不时地等着这些好奇的动物或人把它们带到蜂巢那里。当它们最终到达蜂巢时，跟随者伸手去够美味的蜂蜜，而这只鸟则耐心地等待和观察。一些蜂蜜和蜂蜡总会掉到地上，这时蜂蜜向导就会得到它的那份。 科学家们不知道为什么蜂蜜向导喜欢吃蜂蜡，但它在获取蜂蜡的努力中非常坚定。这些鸟似乎能从很远的地方闻到蜂蜡的味道。每当养蜂人从蜂箱里取蜂蜜时，它们就会很快到达，甚至当蜂蜡蜡烛被点燃时，它们会进入教堂。 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点08 不定式（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 不定式的定义、形式和不定式基本用法。形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。 高中阶段，不定式在句中可作的各种成分；不定式省去to的情况；不定式的时态和语态。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中不定式考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“to do”构成。它的否定形式“not to do”。有时可以省略to，这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义。help sb.(to) do sth. make sb. do sth. 功能 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。 表语 My work is to clean the room everyday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。 宾语 —What sports does he like to play?他喜欢什么动？ —He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。 定语 Have you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。 状语 I'm sorry to trouble you.（表原因） I went to the library to study English.（表目的） 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。 1．Scientists are trying ________ new energy vehicles that are more efficient and environmentally friendly. A．developing B．to develop C．developed D．develop 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家们正在努力开发更高效、更环保的新能源汽车。 考查非谓语动词。try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”；try doing sth.表示“试着做某事”。根据“new energy vehicles”可知此处表示科学家正努力开发更高效、环保的新能源汽车，用结构try to do。故选B。 2．—You can hardly imagine how hard Tom practised ______ the P.E. exam. —Oh, I see him running alone in the playground every day. A．pass B．passing C．to pass D．passed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你几乎无法想象汤姆为了通过体育考试练习得多么刻苦。——哦，我每天都看到他在操场上独自跑步。   考查非谓语动词用法。根据句意，practised是为了“pass the P.E. exam”，需用不定式作目的状语，故选C。 3．Betty decides ________ a Chinese course because she is crazy about Chinese culture. A．take B．took C．taking D．to take 【答案】D 【详解】句意：贝蒂决定上一门中文课，因为她对中国文化很着迷。 考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，是固定搭配，D项符合。故选D。 4．________ healthy, you need to eat vegetables and exercise often. A．Keep B．Kept C．Keeping D．To keep 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你需要多吃蔬菜并且经常锻炼。 考查非谓语动词作目的状语的用法。 keep保持，动词原形；kept保持，是keep的过去式和过去分词形式；keeping保持，是keep的现在分词形式；to keep保持，是keep的动词不定式形式。根据句子“you need to eat vegetables and exercise often”可知，前面部分需要用动词不定式来表示目的，意为“为了……”。“to keep”可以作目的状语，符合句子语境。故选D。 5．The cartoon movie Ne Zha 2 shows how important it is _______ the unfairness in the world. A．to fight B．to admire C．to accept 【答案】A 【详解】句意：卡通电影《哪吒 2》展示了与世界上的不公平作斗争是多么重要。 考查动词不定式的用法。to fight与……作斗争；to admire钦佩；to accept接受。根据“the unfairness in the world”可知应该是与不公平作斗争，而不是钦佩或者接受不公平。故选A。 6．Last weekend Tom went to the library ________ some books on music. A．borrow B．borrowed C．to borrow D．borrowing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周末汤姆去图书馆借了一些关于音乐的书。 考查动词不定式作目的状语。结合句意和语境可知，“to borrow”是动词不定式，在句中作目的状语，表示 “去图书馆” 的目的是 “借一些关于音乐的书”。故选C。 7．Yesterday afternoon, the old man warned some naughty boys ________ football near the busy street. A．not play B．not to play C．not playing D．don’t play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天下午，老人警告一些顽皮的男孩不要在繁忙的街道附近踢足球。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，是固定搭配。故选B。 8．Five people were reported ________ in the accident. A．to be killed B．to kill C．killed D．to have been killed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：据报道有5人在事故中丧生。 考查非谓语动词。to be killed被杀，动词不定式的被动形式；to kill动词不定式；killed过去式或过去分词；to have been killed动词不定式完成式的被动形式。固定搭配be reported to do sth意为“报道某人做某事”，后面要用to do 的形式，五个人这次意外中是被杀死的，故用不定式的被动语态to be done，再根据“were reported”，可知事件是在“被报道之前”就发生的，而且此事已发生完毕，所以要动词不定式完成时的被动式to have been done，故选D。 9．Maria is said ________ on a novel these days. She plans to finish it next month. A．to work B．work C．to be working D．working 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据说Maria这些天正在写小说，她打算下个月把它写完。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Maria is said...on a novel these days.”可知，此处表示“据说Maria这些天正在写小说”。be said to be doing sth.意为“据说正在做某事”。故选C。 10．We live in an information age, so we have more chances ________ ourselves. A．to improve B．improve C．improved D．improves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们生活在信息时代，因此我们有更多提升自我的机会。    考查非谓语动词。根据“so we have more chances ... ourselves.”可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词“chances”，表示“提升自我的机会”。故选A。 【高中不定式考点聚焦】 课标解读 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。动词不定式有及物和不及物之分，有时态和语态的变化。理解不定式的时态和语态变化，如一般式、进行式、完成式等。掌握一些特殊句型中不定式的使用，如It's time to do sth., would rather do sth.等。 考点清单 一.不定式构成形式 不定式的形式有六种（以动词give为例）： 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to+动词原形 （to give） to be+过去分词 （to be given） 完成式 to have+过去分词 （to have given） to have been+过去分词 （to have been given） 进行式 to be+现在分词 （to be giving） — 完成进行式 to have been+现在分词 （to have been giving） — 二.不定式的用法 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，这样可以避免句子“头重脚轻”，是句子结构平衡。 e.g. It is dangerous to play with fire. (=To play with fire is dangerous.) 我们可以得出这样的一个句型：It is +adj.+to do sth. 另外，“Wh-+不定式”也可以作主语。 e.g. When to leave hasn’t been decided yet. 总结不定式作主语典型用法 要点精讲 1.不定式作主语表具体行为，表特指(对比：动名词作主语表泛指，是抽象行为) 。 2.不定式作主语三情况：直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。 3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly. 3. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown. 4. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take __________ (get)there. 【答案与解析】 1. to reduce。It takes sb. time to do sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是to reduce。 2. to be updated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是to be updated。 3. remains。wh-to do短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。 4. to get。这是It takes sb time to do sth.句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故答案是to get。 2. 作宾语 He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 他决定邀请他所有的同学到海滨度假。 He promised not to tell anyone about it.他答应不把这件事情告诉任何人。 (1)..以下动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语： ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fall, help, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等。如：He refused to lend me his bicycle. (2).下列动词后接不定式或-ing形式作宾语均可，意思相差甚微。 begin, start, like, love, continue, prefer, hate等。如： I like watching TV, but I don’t like to watch TV this evening. 注意：like doing表示习惯性动作，like to do表示具体动作。 (3).在及物动词tell, advise, show, teach, learn, know, decide等词之后，常接“疑问词(how, what, whether, where, when, who等)+不定式”构成的不定式短语作宾语。如： He showed us how to do the work. (=He showed us how we should do the work.) I don’t know what to do. (=I don’t know what I should do.) We must decide whether to go or not. The enemy had no choice but to give in. 总结不定式作宾语两种典型用法 要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的 manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail, intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words. 2. She never seemed ________(care) what the rest of us thought about her. 3. One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform. 【答案与解析】 1. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。 2. to care。seem to do好像做某事。故答案是to care。 3. to wear。want to do sth表示“想做某事”。故答案是to wear。 要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明 forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 2. --Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it. 3. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. 【答案与解析】 1. getting。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。 2. to close。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做，故答案是to close。 3. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。 4. living。try doing强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。 3. 作表语 1.不定式作表语时常见的动词 不定式作表语时，一般紧紧跟在系动词后面，如be，seem，remain，appear，get等，用来说明主语的内容。 A use of the computer network is to send e-mails.计算机网络的一种作用是发送电子邮件。 Mary doesn’t seem to like the idea.玛丽似乎不喜欢这个主意。 2.不定式作表语时常见的主语 当dream，business，wish，idea，plan，job，work，task，duty等作主语时，及what sb. wants to do等作主语时，常用不定式作表语。 My wish is to be a doctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。 What Joe wants to do seems to tell you something.乔想要做的似乎就是要告诉你一些事情。 总结不定式作表语典型用法 要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。 If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。 The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they will enjoy it. 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more difficult. 【答案与解析】 1. to be seen。It remains to be seen whether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是to be seen。 2. not to make。这里不定式短语作表语，但是为了对比，不定式to不能省略，故答案是not to make。 4. 作定语 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面要由相应的介词。如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time或place或way时，不定式后面的介词可以省略。如： He had no place to live. (1)..不定式表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. (2).用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，而且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如： He is the best man to do this job. The last one to arrive pays the meal 要点精要点精讲： 1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。 2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。 3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。 总结不定式作定语典型用法 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The meeting___________(hold)now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important. 2. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 3. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 4. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives. 1. being; held; to be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be held。 2. to be completed。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是to be completed。 3. to blame。(be) to blame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是to blame。 4. to change。结合语境应用单词不定式作定语。故答案是to change。 5. 作状语 不定式作状语时，常见的有目的状语、结果状语、原因状语。 (1).目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多，如果强调目的性，不定式前还可以加in order to或so as to，构成in order to do 或so as to do结构。in order to do结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首或句中。而so as to do结构只能放在句中。 e.g. He went to Beijing to/in order to/so as to see his friends. Bob took down my telephone number so as not to/in order not to forget it. (2).结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so...as to; such...as to; too...to; only to do, ...enough to等。 e.g. I’m not so stupid as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I’m too tired to stay up longer. (3).原因状语 形容词作表语时，后面可以接不定式作原因状语，用来说明产生某种情绪的原因。可以用于这类结构的常见形容词有：happy, surprised, ready, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, delighted, pleased等。 e.g. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. (4).条件状语 动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。 To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. 总结不定式作状语三种典型用法 要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位于句末前边不能有逗号。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners. 2. _______(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight. 4.The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _________ (promote) economic growth. 【答案与解析】 1. to save。it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。 2. To be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。 3. to be trained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是to be trained。 4. to promote。不定式作目的状语，故答案是to promote。 要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only to do, so…as to, such as to等结构。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left. 2. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me? 3. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question. 【答案与解析】 1. to be informed/to find/to be told。only to do常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是to be informed/to find/to be told。 2. to carry。so…as to do引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是to carry。 3. to stand。…enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stand。 要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe). 2.Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案与解析】 1. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to breathe。 2. to perform。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，故答案是to perform。 6. 作补语 补语可以分成宾补和主补。用来补充说明宾语或主语的状态。 1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 带to的不定式作补语：advidse, allow, ask, beg, encourage, forbid, force, get, order, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, wish, 等。 The doctor advised me to stop smoking.医生建议我戒烟。 Their boss forced them to work overtime.老板强迫他们加班。 2.不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式在某些感官动词，如feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，notice，observe等，以及使役动词let，have，make等后作宾语补足语时，要省去to，但在被动语态中to不可省去。 They made the workers work day and night. →The workers were made to work day and night.（在被动语态中，省去的to必须加上。） Let me hear you play the piano!让我听听你弹钢琴吧！ 注意：在动词help后，to可以省略，也可以不省略。 I will help him (to) clean the room.我将要帮他打扫这间屋子。 3.不定式作主语补足语 The room was said to have been cleaned.据说这个房间已被打扫过了。 （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） He was told to be quiet.（被动语态） （划线的部分分别为不定式的逻辑主语、被动语态、主语补足语） →The teacher told him to be quiet.他被（老师）告知要保持安静。 （to be quiet为不定式作宾语补足语） 总结不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法 要点精讲1：see类动词(不定式作宾补省to，但在被动语态中to应加上): 巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉 notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day. 2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently. 3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music. 【答案与解析】 1. to deal。本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定语，故答案是to deal。 2. to enter。observe sb do sth是固定句型，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中to应加上。故答案是to enter。 3. listening。结合语境这里应用see sb doing sth…表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案是listening。 要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 2. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. 3. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch. 4. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 5. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050. 【答案与解析】 1. to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。 2. to be made。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，故答案是to be made。 3. to stay。本句考查allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”。故答案是to stay。 4. to process。本题考查require sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”。故答案是to process。 5. to increase。本题考查expect sb to do sth表示“期待某人做某事”，故答案是to increase。 要点精讲3：be said类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do类句型，可以转化为It is said that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in. 2. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area. 【答案与解析】 1. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，故答案是to have studied。 2. have been missing。since the flood hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”状态，故答案是have been missing。 三、.不定式的时态和语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing × 完成进行式 to have been doing × 1.一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans之后） 2. “to be done”表示将来，常作定语。而且不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。 The school building to be finished is for our teacher. 要被建造的大楼是给我们老师使用的。 The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 医生建议让房间透透气。 3. “to have done”表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指人）是主动关系。 He is said to have finished this novel. 据说他写完了这部小说。 4. “to have been done”从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，而且和主语（通常指物，也可以指人）是被动关系。 This building is said to have been built. 据说这个建筑被竣工了。 She is happy to have been admitted to a famous university. 她被一所著名大学录取了，很开心。 5.“to be doing”表示两个动作同时发生，不太强调先后顺序。 When I came in, Mr. Li happened to be talking with others. 当我进来的时候，Mr. Li碰巧和别人聊天呢。 6. “to have been doing”表示表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 I am happy to have been working here. 我很开心在这里工作。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in. 2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear). 3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(miss)the early train. 4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it. 【答案与解析】 1. to be reading。pretend to be doing假装正在做某事。故答案是to be reading。 2. to be heard。struggle to do努力做某事。故答案是to be heard。 3. not to miss。so as not to do sth为了不做某事。故答案是not to miss。 4. to have gone。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是to have gone。 一、判断下列句子中,不定式所充当的成分 1.He asked his secretary to pass him the paper. 宾补 2.It is dangerous to swim in this river. 主语 3.We haven’t decided where to go. 宾语 4.My task is to teach English. 表语 5.I am so busy. I have a lot of work to do. 定语 6.To make a good impression, you should act politely and naturally. 状语 二、语法填空 1．My mother often tells me （not read）in bed. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】not to read 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈经常告诉我不要躺在床上看书。句中tell sb not to do sth为固定短语，使用的是to do不定式的否定结构，作宾语补足语。故填not to read。 2．Tom kept silent about the accident so as (not lose) his job. (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】not to lose 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。根据句意和所提示词可知，空处not to lose作目的状语。故填not to lose。 3．The driver, who was (blame) for the accident, hadn’t been driving carefully.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to blame 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：事故的责任人是司机，他开车不小心。be to blame for sth.是固定短语，意为“对……应负责任；应该为某事负责任”。故填to blame。 4．I don’t have anything suitable (wear) for the party. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to wear 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我没有适合参加聚会的衣服。(be) suitable to do sth.“适合做某事”。故填to wear。 5．To my relief, I had my father (repair) my bike yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】repair 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让我松了一口气的是，昨天我让父亲修理了我的自行车。have sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”，repair“修理”用省略to的不定式，作宾补。故填repair。 6．All we have to do for our students is (aid) them in learning English with a comparative method. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】aid/to aid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们为学生所要做的就是用比较的方法帮助他们学习英语。不定式形式作表语，说明主语内容，且主语部分含有to do，空处的不定式符号to可省略。故填aid/to aid。 7．The well­designed gallery houses 2,000 works of modern art and is worthy (visit). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to be visited 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：精心设计的美术馆收藏了2000件现代艺术作品，值得一游。be worthy to do“值得做”，visit和主语gallery之间是被动关系，故此处用动词不定式的被动式，故填to be visited。 8．The festivals is (hold) next Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be held 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：节日定于下周五举行。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，The festivals与hold为被动关系，再由next Friday可知，这里应用不定式被动语态作表语。故填to be held。 9．He has become the first American scientist (award) a Nobel prize. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be awarded 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：他成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的美国科学家。American scientist被序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，科学家是被授予诺贝尔奖，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be done，故填to be awarded。 10．It is essential for the figures (update) on a regular basis, which is important for our research. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be updated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期更新数据是必要的，这对我们的研究很重要。根据“It is essential for the figures”可知，此处用固定句型It is essential for… to do sth.表示“让……做某事是必要的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语用不定式形式，且update和the figures逻辑上是被动关系，因此应用update的不定式被动语态。故填to be updated。 11．The problem (refer) to at the meeting tomorrow is about environmental pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be referred 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：明天会议要提到的问题是关于环境污染的。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，problem和refer之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，由tomorrow可知，问题是明天被提到，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be referred，表示将来要进行的被动动作，故填to be referred。 12．They are believed (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen to keep warm. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have started 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们被认为始于清朝晚期，是船工取暖的一种方式。根据空前的“are believed”为被动结构可推知，这里应是“be believed to do”结构，为固定用法，意为“被认为做某事”。同时结合时间“in the late Qing Dynasty”可知，所填动作在谓语动词之前发生，应是动词不定式的完成式：to have done。故填to have started。 13．Little Jack is reported (kill) in an car accident. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have been killed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，小杰克死于一场车祸。be reported to do据报道……，kill“杀死”发生在谓语动作is reported之前，所以用不定式的完成式；Little Jack和kill之间是被动关系，用不定式的完成式的被动形式。故填to have been killed。 14．The novel is said (translate) into several languages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have been translated 【详解】考查动词不定式完成式的被动形式。句意：据说这部小说已被翻译成好几种语言。固定短语be said to do sth.意为“据说做某事”，结合空处前后内容可知，translate“翻译”的行为发生在said前面，故用动词不定式的完成式，且translate和The novel逻辑上是被动关系，故用动词不定式完成式的被动形式。故填to have been translated。 15．We rushed to the airport only (tell) that the plane had just taken off. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be told 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们匆匆赶到机场，却被告知飞机刚刚起飞。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意和only可知，此处为“only to do sth.”结构，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式作结果状语，且tell与逻辑主语we之间为被动关系。故填to be told。 16．I think these problems are easy (work)out, so you don’t have to ask the teacher for help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to work 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我认为这些问题很容易解决，所以你不必向老师寻求帮助。在“be+性质形容词+to do”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，作状语，其中常见的形容词有difficult，easy，hard，interesting，pleasant，nice等。problems与work out之间虽然为逻辑上的被动关系，但应使用不定式的主动式。故填to work。 17．They were disappointed (find) their limited resources were running out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们失望地发现有限的资源快用完了。be disappointed to do是固定短语，意为“对做某事感到失望”，因此空格处用不定式to find作原因状语。故填to find。 18．It took us about three hours (go) to the Summer Palace on foot yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to go 【详解】考查不定式。句意：昨天我们步行去颐和园花了大约三个小时。由句意空处应填to go，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语，固定句型It takes somebody some time to do something。故填to go。 19．Don’t hesitate (tell) your parents how you love and miss them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to tell 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要犹豫，告诉你的父母你是多么爱他们，多么想念他们。根据谓语动词“hesitate”可知，空处应为非谓语动词形式，作宾语；动词短语hesitate to do sth表示“犹豫做某事”，符合句意。故填to tell。 20．After a spacecraft is launched, what we should do first is (make)sure it goes in the right orbit. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】make/to make 【详解】考查不定式。句意：航天器发射后，我们首先要做的就是确保它进入正确的轨道。主语从句后用不定式结构作表语，不定式to可以省略，故填to make或make。 21．The problem (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be discussed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天会议上要讨论的问题非常重要。空处需要非谓语动词作定语。根据时间状语tomorrow可知，此处表示将来的动作，且The problem与discuss之间为被动关系，即问题将被讨论，因此空处需要不定式的被动形式to be discussed作后置定语。故填to be discussed。 22．The project (complete) by next month will use advanced AI technology. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be completed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：将于下个月完成的项目将使用先进的人工智能技术。根据“by next month”可知是描述将来的事情，应用动词不定式作定语，且complete和project之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动语态，故填to be completed。 23．The question (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be discussed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天会议上将要被讨论的问题非常重要。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，The question和discuss“讨论”为逻辑上的被动关系，且根据at tomorrow’s meeting可知，这是将来要发生的动作，所以应用不定式的被动语态to be discussed，作后置定语，修饰The question。故填to be discussed。 24．We’ve been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, (reduce) pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to reduce 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术，来减少污染。句子已有谓语动词，空处应填非谓语动词，结合句意“我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术”的目的是“减少污染”，所以空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to reduce。 25． (promote) healthy eating habits, the hospitals launched educational campaigns, distributing free nutrition guides in communities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】To promote 【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了促进健康的饮食习惯，医院发起了教育运动，在社区分发免费的营养指南。由后文句意可知，空格处用不定式表目的，作状语。位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填To promote。 26．The people present at the meeting were shocked (see) the boss rush out. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to see 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到老板冲出来，在场的人都惊呆了。be shocked to do sth.固定搭配，意为“吃惊地做某事”，表示情感类的形容词后用动词不定式作原因状语。故填to see。 27．I paid a visit to Jason last night, only (tell) he had gone to Beijing on business. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be told 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨晚我去拜访了杰森，却被告知他去北京出差了。only to do...为固定用法，作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。tell和I之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动式。故填to be told。 28．It is harmful to everyone (skip) breakfast too often. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to skip 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：经常不吃早餐对每个人都有害。it是形式主语，所以此处应用动词skip“跳过”的不定式to skip，作真正的主语。故填to skip。 29．The purpose of education is (develop) a fine personality in children. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to develop 【详解】考查不定式。句意：教育的目的是为了培养孩子好的品质。此处作表语，根据主语The purpose可知，此处应用不定式to do作表语，故填to develop。 30．I cannot expect you (believe) me any more than the fishermen did. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to believe 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不能指望你会比那些渔民更相信我。固定搭配expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事”，动词不定式，作宾补。故填to believe。 一、语篇填空 Darrius was born with three fingers on his right hand and one on his left hand. He had to work hard 　1　 (do) things that were easy for others. Every time his classmates tried　2　 (help), he would say, “Thanks, but I can do it myself.” He learned to use the four fingers to do different things.  When Darrius was 10, he told his father that he liked piano(钢琴) music very much. “It􀆳s too bad you can􀆳t play,” his father said. But the boy took that as a challenge(挑战). “I will show people that I can,” he said to himself. Months later, a neighbour gave him an old piano when she moved away. He taught himself　3　(play) the piano and practised for hours a day.  Darrius􀆳s favourite piano music is River Flows in You by Yiruma, a Korean musician. It took Darrius a year 　4　(learn)it. “I have to come up with my own way with only 4 fingers,”he said. When he succeeded, he felt so proud. Later he was lucky enough to play the music together with Yiruma at a famous concert hall!Yiruma encouraged Darrius to follow his dream of playing his own music. Darrius has made it. And his music is popular today.  The disability 　5　 (hold) me back from anything will never disturb me.  1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  1.to do　根据句意“他不得不努力去做到对于别人来说是简单的事情”,可知此处动词不定式作目的状语。 2.to help　try to do sth.尝试做某事,是固定搭配。此处动词不定式作try的宾语。 3.to play　teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事,是固定搭配。此处动词不定式作宾语补足语。 4.to learn　本题考查句型It take/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.,动词不定式作主语,这是常考句型。 5.to hold/holding　根据句意“这种阻止我做任何事情的残疾将永远不会干扰到我”,可知此处非谓语动词作定语。 二、阅读理解 Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide. The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives(蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share. Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit. 1．Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest? A．It’s small in size. B．It’s hidden in trees. C．It’s covered with wax. D．It’s hard to recognize. 2．What do the words “the follower” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．A bee. B．A bird. C．A honey seeker. D．A beekeeper. 3．The honey guide is special in the way ________. A．it gets its food B．it goes to church C．it sings in the forest D．it reaches into bees’ nests 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Wild Bees. B．Wax and Honey. C．Beekeeping in Africa. D．Honey-Lover’s Helper. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种奇特的鸟。虽然寻找野蜜蜂的巢很难，但在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.(然而，他们得到蜂蜜的唯一方法就是找到一个野蜜蜂的巢，然后从里面取蜂蜜。通常，这些巢穴都在高高的树上，很难找到它们)”可知，野蜜蜂的巢都在很高的树上，不易被人找到。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”及划线词前“So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.(所以，当它找到一个合适的巢穴时，它会寻找别人来帮助它。蜂蜜向导发出一声响亮的叫声，吸引了路过的动物和人的注意。一旦引起了它们的注意，它就会飞过森林，时不时地等着这些好奇的动物或人把它们带到蜂巢那里)”和后面“reaches in to get at the delicious honey(伸手去够美味的蜂蜜)”可知，本段主要讲述寻找蜂蜜的人和动物如何通过这种鸟找到蜂巢的过程，小鸟找到蜂巢就会吸引人或动物跟着它，到了蜂巢那里，跟着它的人或动物去把蜂蜜拿出来。由此推测，the follower指的是寻找蜂蜜的人或动物。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”中的形容词strange and unexpected可知，这种鸟很奇特，结合第二段内容可推测，这种鸟的奇特之处是它找到食物的方法很特别，找到蜂巢，去找人类或其他动物来吃蜂蜜，它捡拾掉落的蜂蜡吃。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段末“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide.(然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手——一种被称为“蜂蜜向导”的小鸟)”并综合全文可知，本文主要介绍这种奇怪的小鸟，它可以帮助想吃蜂蜜的人或动物找到野蜂巢。故选D项。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 honey guide n. 蜂蜜向导 wax n. 蜂蜡 beehive n. 蜂房 attract v. 吸引 determined adj. 坚决的，坚定的 长难句分析 原句：The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax in the beehives. 译文：蜂蜜向导实际上并不喜欢蜂蜜，但它确实喜欢蜂房里的蜂蜡。 分析：本句是由 but 连接的并列句。前一个分句 “The honey guide does not actually like honey” 为否定句，后一个分句 “it does like the wax in the beehives” 为肯定句，其中 “does” 为助动词，用于强调谓语动词 like。 中文翻译 非洲森林里的蜂蜜不仅是一种天然糖，而且味道鲜美。大多数人，还有许多动物，都喜欢吃它。然而，他们得到蜂蜜的唯一方法就是找到一个野蜜蜂的巢，然后从里面取蜂蜜。通常，这些巢穴都在高高的树上，很难找到它们。然而，在非洲的部分地区，寻找蜂蜜的人和动物有一种奇怪而意想不到的帮手 —— 一种被称为 “蜂蜜向导” 的小鸟。 蜂蜜向导实际上并不喜欢蜂蜜，但它确实喜欢蜂房里的蜂蜡。这只小鸟无法够到蜂蜡，因为蜂蜡在蜂巢的深处。所以，当它找到一个合适的巢穴时，它会寻找别人来帮助它。蜂蜜向导发出一声响亮的叫声，吸引了路过的动物和人的注意。一旦引起了它们的注意，它就会飞过森林，时不时地等着这些好奇的动物或人把它们带到蜂巢那里。当它们最终到达蜂巢时，跟随者伸手去够美味的蜂蜜，而这只鸟则耐心地等待和观察。一些蜂蜜和蜂蜡总会掉到地上，这时蜂蜜向导就会得到它的那份。 科学家们不知道为什么蜂蜜向导喜欢吃蜂蜡，但它在获取蜂蜡的努力中非常坚定。这些鸟似乎能从很远的地方闻到蜂蜡的味道。每当养蜂人从蜂箱里取蜂蜜时，它们就会很快到达，甚至当蜂蜡蜡烛被点燃时，它们会进入教堂。 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$