衔接点09 动名词（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点09 动名词（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中阶段的不仅能够正确使用动名词，还需掌握动名词的复合结构、动名词的被动形式及完成形式。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中动名词考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。 功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。 1．To prevent myopia (近视), you should avoid ________ too much time looking at screens. A．spend B．spends C．spent D．spending 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了预防近视，你应该避免花太多时间盯着屏幕看。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选D。 2．Li Ping is looking forward to ________ his grandparents this winter holiday A．visit B．visits C．visiting D．visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：李平期待着这个寒假去看望他的祖父母。 考查非谓语动词。“look forward to”是固定搭配，意为“期待”，其中“to”是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。所以这里要用“visiting”。故选C。 3．I can’t imagine ________ in a city without public transportation. A．live B．lived C．to live D．living 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我无法想象在没有公共交通的城市生活。 考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth“想象做某事”，空处用动名词形式。故选D。 4．________ by his teacher made him extremely overjoyed. A．Praised B．Being praised C．Be praised D．Praising 【答案】B 【详解】句意：被老师表扬让他非常开心。 考查动词非谓语形式。Praised过去分词；Being praised动名词被动形式；Be praised被动形式；Praising动名词主动形式。根据句意可知，此处“praise”与 “he” 之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动语态做主语故使用Being praised。故选B。 5．________ can provide a relaxing feeling for both body and mind, especially for the people who live in the cities. A．Fish B．Fishes C．Fished D．Fishing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：钓鱼能为身心带来一种放松的感觉，尤其对于生活在城市中的人们来说。 考查动名词用法。Fish钓鱼，动词原形；Fishes钓鱼，动词三单形式；Fished钓鱼，动词过去式；Fishing钓鱼，动名词。根据“provide a relaxing feeling for both body and mind”可知是指钓鱼这个活动能为人带来放松的感觉，选项D的“Fishing”是动名词，可以表示“钓鱼”这个活动。故选D。 6．Why not_______ our poem club to practise_______ poem? A．join; reading B．to join; reading C．take part in; to read D．to join; to read 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为什么不加入我们的诗歌俱乐部练习读诗歌呢？ 本题考查非谓语动词。join加入某种组织，take part in参加活动，reading是动名词；to read是动词不定式。Why not do sth?“为什么不做某事呢？”因此第一空用动词原形，表示加入俱乐部，用join。practise doing sth“练习做某事”，因此第二空用动名词reading。故选A。 7．Can you make a ______ list for the things you are going to buy? A．shop B．shopped C．shopping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能为你要买的东西列一个购物清单吗？ 考查非谓语动词。空处需要动名词作定语，shopping list“购物清单”，故选C。 8．My brother wants to take part in a ________ competition. A．speak B．spoke C．spoken D．speaking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我弟弟想参加一次演讲比赛。 考查非谓语动词。speak说，讲，动词原形；spoke过去式；spoken过去分词；speaking现在分词，动名词。speaking competition意为“演讲比赛”，符合句意。故选D。 9．— How I regret _______ when my father told me not to play computer games. — You should say sorry to him. A．talked back B．talking back C．to talk back D．to talking back 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——当我的父亲告诉我不要玩电脑游戏时，我很后悔我顶嘴了！——你应该跟他道歉。 考查非谓语动词。regret doing sth.后悔做过某事（事情已做）；regret to do sth.后悔要做某事（事情未做）。根据“…when my father told me not to play computer games.”可知，和父亲顶嘴吵架的事已经做过了，regret后跟动名词作宾语，故选B。 10．Tom’s second job was ________ the cows. A．milk B．milking C．milks D．to milk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Tom的第二份工作是挤牛奶。 考查非谓语动词。milk作动词，意为“挤奶”，分析句子结构可知，系动词was后作表语，表示Tom的工作是什么，应用动名词milking，milking the cows“挤牛奶”。故选B。 【高中动名词考点聚焦】 课标解读 动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容 词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 要点精讲 1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good complaining。抱怨无济于事。 It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。这是一个一问一答对话，第二句承前省略了made Mary so upset，应用动名词短语作主语。故填losing。 2. regretting。It is no use/good doing sth。是固定句型，动名词是真正主语。故答案是regretting。 3. Being injured。首先语境需要动名词短语作主语；be injured in…是固定词组。故答案是Being injured。 4. carrying。句意：在中国古代，货币主要由金、银、铜等贵金属组成，因此携带大量现金不仅是一种沉重的负担，而且还会使所有者处于危险之中，因为途中经常发生抢劫。分析句子结合句意可知，此处缺少主语，主语为“携带大量现金”，应用动名词作主语，故填carrying。 考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 dining room餐厅 drinking water饮用水 reading room阅览室 sitting room起居室 sleeping car卧铺车厢 smoking room吸烟室 threshing ground打谷场 waiting room候车室 walking stick手杖 writing desk写字台 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering making a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied making a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy reading newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine doing that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested putting the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me staying here.他建议我呆在这儿。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。risk doing表示“冒险做某事”。故答案是losing。 2. doing。postpone doing表示“推迟做某事”。故答案是doing。 3. being treated。考查非谓语动词。appreciate doing…表示“感激做某事”，根据语境这里还是被动意义。故答案是being treated。 4. parking。practice doing sth.表示“练习/实践做某事”。句意：作为一名新司机，我得反复练习把车停在我家的小车库里。故填parking。 (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. 【答案与解析】 1. to stop。 try to do 努力做某事；try doing 尝试做某事。句意：“不是那样做的，”妈妈试图阻止我但是没有拦住。她说对了。结果这道菜不是我原希望的那个样子。故答案是to stop。 2. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。故答案是to lock。 3. (to) do; crying。can’t help (to) do表示“不能帮助做某事”；can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是(to) do; crying。 4. to thank。继续做另一件事 （对象变了）；go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）。根据语境，Anne Benedict先接受奖项，接着感谢那些帮助过自己的人们，应用go on to do。故答案是to thank。 5. getting。mean to do表示“打算做某事”，mean doing sth.表示“意味着”；结合句意“如果你认为对一个妇女好就意味着得到她的允许去拿东西，再想一想”，答案是getting。 (4). 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 Before leaving here please call me.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。 Now they are busy (in) preparing their lessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。 考点归纳五、时态和语态 （重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 2.否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 2.动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 【解析】lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。C项正确 一、语法填空 1．30% of American teenagers admit (lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】lying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：30%的美国青少年承认为了成功访问某些网站而谎报他们的年龄。admit doing sth.“承认做某事”，所以空处需要动名词的形式作宾语。故填lying。 2．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being caught 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。 3．On hearing the joke we couldn’t help (laugh). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】laughing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：听到这个笑话，我们忍不住笑了起来。分析句子可知，此空考查can’t help doing sth表“忍不住做某事”，为固定短语，这里动名词作宾语。故填laughing。 4．Mary, who is disabled, is strongly opposed to (treat) unfairly by others. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being treated 【详解】考查动名词。句意：玛丽是残疾人，她强烈反对受到别人的不公平对待。be opposed to doing sth固定搭配，意为“反对做某事”。主语Mary与treat为被动关系，用动名词的被动语态。故填being treated。 5．With the (raise) of standards of this school, more and more parents are trying their best to send their children to study here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】raising 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着这所学校标准的提高，越来越多的家长正竭尽全力把孩子送到这里学习。本空用raise“提高”的动名词，作With的宾语。故填raising。 6．This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being touched 【详解】考查动名词。句意：这包括阻止原始环境被接触。设空处接在介词from后，应用动名词作宾语，和它的逻辑主语the original environment之间是被动关系，所以应用动名词的被动语态，故填being touched。 7．My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的孩子每天花几个小时在电话上和她的朋友聊天。sb. spend time (in) doing sth.，此处为动名词作宾语，表示花费时间聊天。故填chatting。 8．No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】being influenced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：没有人能避免受到广告的影响。分析句子可知，本句的谓语动词是avoid，所以设空处应该填入名词或动名词作动词avoid的宾语。又因为主语No one与influence之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式being influenced。故填being influenced。 9．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他声称戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，因为他已经戒过几百次了。空格处用动名词quitting作that引导的宾语从句中的主语，故填quitting。 10．Dr. Susan suggested Tom (take) his daughter to the zoo every Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：苏珊医生建议汤姆每周日带他女儿去动物园。动词suggest后跟doing (sth)作宾语，设空处填动名词taking，Tom与动词take之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系， Tom taking his daughter to the zoo every Sunday为动名词复合结构作动词suggested宾语。故填taking。 11．Taichi, a Chinese Martial art involves (do) very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】doing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：太极拳是一种中国武术，它包括做非常缓慢的身体运动来放松你的思想，使你的身体平静。involve doing sth.是固定用法，表示“包括做某事；涉及做某事”，所以空处需用动名词形式作宾语。故填doing。 12．The crocodile is used to passengers (throw) food from boats and now she is becoming familiar with humans. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】throwing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：鳄鱼习惯了乘客从船上扔食物，现在它开始熟悉人类了。be used to doing sth.是固定用法，表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后面需要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故空处应用throw的动名词形式throwing。故填throwing。 13．In my opinion, the film is well worth (see). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】seeing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在我看来，这部电影很值得一看。be worth doing sth.是一个固定用法，意为“某事值得被做”，动名词seeing作宾语。故填seeing。 14．Politicians are skilled at (defend) themselves against their critics. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】defending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政治家们擅长为自己辩护，对抗批评者。此处作介词at的宾语，defend用动名词形式。故填defending。 15．If the soup is a little salty, try (add) some water to it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】adding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果汤有点咸，试着加点水。根据句意和空格前的动词try可知，此处表示“尝试做某事”，用try doing something。故填adding。 16．It’s our duty to take care of endangered animals and protect the forests from (destroy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 destruction /being destroyed 【详解】考查名词或动名词。句意：照顾濒危动物和保护森林免受破坏是我们的责任。介词from后接名词形式或动名词形式。destroy的名词形式为destruction；forests与destroy之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动语态。故填destruction/being destroyed。 17．Students often have difficulty (understand) English grammar. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】understanding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们经常在理解英语语法方面有困难。“have difficulty (in) doing sth”是固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，其中in可以省略，所以此处应用understand的动名词形式understanding作宾语。故填understanding。 18．The teacher’s strict rules prevented the students from (chat) during class. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：老师严格的规定阻止了学生们在课堂上聊天。prevent sb. from doing sth. 为固定短语，意为“阻止某人做某事”，from 是介词，后面接动名词作宾语，chat的动名词形式为chatting。故填chatting。 19．My kids spent hours (chat) with their friends on the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】chatting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我的孩子们花了几个小时和他们的朋友在电话里聊天。分析句子可知，这里考查spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.，是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以此处用chat 的动名词形式chatting。故填chatting。 20． (think) about other people’s situations inspired me to offer help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Thinking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：考虑其他人的处境激励我去提供帮助。空处需要动名词在句中作主语表示抽象的、一般性、经常性的行为。该词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Thinking。 一、语法选择 Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 语篇解读　 文章介绍了独处正在成为一种流行的生活方式,而并非人们传统上认为的消极处事态度。 1.C　本题考查非谓语动词。在本句中,动名词短语充当句子的主语。故选C。 2.D　本题考查非谓语动词。fear doing sth.害怕做某事,且此处是“害怕被称作”,所以选D。 3.D　本题考查非谓语动词。用v.-ing形式作see的宾语,故选D。 4.B　本题考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.能够做某事。故选B。 5.A　本题考查非谓语动词。choose to do sth.选择做某事。故选A。 6.C　本题考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故选C。 7.D　本题考查非谓语动词。过去分词短语作后置定语。故选D。 8.B　本题考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式表目的。故选B。 9.C　本题考查非谓语动词。embrace拥抱。空前的介词about后应用动名词形式。故选C。 10.B　本题考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语to have some “me time” once in a while是本句真正的主语,it在本句中充当形式主语。故选B。 二、阅读理解 In today’s world of fast-paced games and short videos, people are spending less and less time on things. For example, research has shown that the average visitor spends just 15 seconds on a website before moving on to other things. But the Internet is a huge and busy place, with millions of sites to choose from. You might expect people to slow down a bit more when they’re in museums full of great works of art. But you’d be wrong. Several studies have shown that the amount of time for people to spend looking at a piece of art is ten seconds. Many people may spend more time, but not much more — the average is about 28 seconds. At the Tate Modern Museum in London, it’s even worse. People there spend an average of just eight seconds on each artwork. And in that short period of time, the visitors are also managing to do another important thing — take selfies ! In recent years museums have been working to change this behavior. Today, over 170 museums around the world are celebrating “Slow Art Day”. They are asking their visitors to spend at least 5-10 minutes looking at just one work of art. Slow Art supporters believe that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art, they admire it more. Studying a work of art for more time can also help people get a better understanding of the artist’s ideas and what the artist went through to create the work. Most of the museums taking part in Slow Art Day are choosing just a few works for their visitors to see. Some of the museums are offering chances for visitors to talk about the artworks and share their ideas. 1．Generally speaking, people spend ______ on each piece of art in a museum. A．8 seconds B．28 seconds C．15 seconds D．10 seconds 2．What do the underlined words “this behavior” refer to? A．Admiring each artwork thoroughly. B．Taking selfies in museums busily. C．Celebrating “Slow Art Day” widely. D．Looking at each artwork hurriedly. 3．Why is “Slow Art Day” created? A．To make people spend more time on each artwork B．To stop visitors from taking selfies inside C．To attract more people to visit the museums D．To give visitors an opportunity to relax themselves 4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Museums: Slow down to Admire more! B．Museums on the Rocks: Please Advise! C．Slow Art Day: a Fruit of Museums! D．Museums: an Escape from the Fast-paced Life! 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是在快节奏的现代社会中，博物馆通过“慢艺术日”活动鼓励人们花更多时间欣赏艺术作品。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Several studies have shown  that the amount of time for people to spend looking at a piece of art is  ten seconds. Many people may spend more time, but not much more — the  average is about 28 seconds.(几项研究表明，人们花在观看一件艺术品上的时间是10秒钟。许多人可能会花更多的时间，但不会更多——平均约为28秒)”可知，研究表明人们看一件艺术品的平均时间是10秒，虽然后文提到某些博物馆的平均时间更短或更长，但题干问的是generally  speaking，因此以研究数据为准。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Several studies have shown that the amount of time for people to spend looking at a piece of art is ten seconds. Many people may spend more time, but not much more — the average is about 28 seconds. At the Tate Modern Museum in London, it’s even worse. People there spend an average of just eight seconds on each artwork. And in that short period of time, the visitors are also managing to do another important thing — take selfies !(一些研究表明，人们花在欣赏一件艺术品上的时间是十秒钟。许多人可能会花费更多的时间，但不会多很多——平均时间约为28秒。在伦敦的泰特现代美术馆，情况更糟。那里的人们在每件艺术品上平均只花费8秒钟。在这短短的时间里，游客们还做了另一件重要的事情——自拍！)”可知，现在游客在欣赏一件艺术品上的时间很短，即他们匆匆地看每一件艺术品。所以近年来，博物馆一直在努力改变这种行为，由此推知，“this behavior”指的是匆匆地看每一件艺术品这种行为。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Today, over 170 museums around the world are celebrating “Slow Art Day”. They are asking their visitors to spend at least 5-10 minutes looking at just one work of art. (今天，全世界170多家博物馆正在庆祝“慢艺术日”。他们要求参观者至少花5-10分钟的时间来欣赏一件艺术品)”，结合第二段提到的人们现在平均花费28秒欣赏艺术作品可知，“慢艺术日”要求参观者至少花5-10分钟的时间来欣赏一件艺术品，由此可推知，设立“慢艺术日”是为了让人们花更多的时间在每一件艺术品上。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“Several studies have shown that the amount of time for people to spend looking at a piece of art is ten seconds. Many people may spend more time, but not much more — the average is about 28 seconds. ( 一些研究表明，人们花在欣赏一件艺术品上的时间是十秒钟。许多人可能会花费更多的时间，但不会多很多——平均时间约为28秒)”和第三段中“In recent years museums have been working to change this behavior. Today, over 170 museums around the world are celebrating “Slow Art Day”. They are asking their visitors to spend at least 5-10 minutes looking at just one work of art.(近年来，博物馆一直在努力改变这种行为。今天，全世界170多家博物馆正在庆祝“慢艺术日”。他们要求参观者至少花5-10分钟的时间来欣赏一件艺术品)”可知，如今人们花在欣赏一件艺术品上的时间很短，所以博物馆正在努力改变这种行为。全世界170多家博物馆正在庆祝“慢艺术日”，他们要求参观者至少花5-10分钟的时间来欣赏一件艺术品。由此可知，A项“博物馆：慢下来欣赏更多！”适合做文章标题。故选B。 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 fast-paced adj. 快节奏的 average adj. 平均的 behavior n. 行为 admire v. 欣赏，钦佩 understanding n. 理解，领悟 长难句分析 原句：Slow Art supporters believe that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art, they admire it more. 译文：慢艺术的支持者认为，当游客花更多时间观看和研究艺术作品时，他们会更欣赏它。 分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为 “Slow Art supporters believe”，“that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art, they admire it more” 为 that 引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中，“when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句，“they admire it more” 为主句。 中文翻译 在当今快节奏的游戏和短视频世界中，人们在事情上花费的时间越来越少。例如，研究表明，普通访问者在一个网站上只花 15 秒，然后就去做其他事情了。但互联网是一个巨大而繁忙的地方，有 millions of sites to choose from. 你可能会期望人们在充满伟大艺术作品的博物馆里会放慢一点速度。但你错了。 几项研究表明，人们花在观看一件艺术品上的时间是 10 秒钟。许多人可能会花更多的时间，但不会更多 —— 平均约为 28 秒。在伦敦的泰特现代美术馆，情况更糟。那里的人们在每件艺术品上平均只花费 8 秒钟。在这短短的时间里，游客们还做了另一件重要的事情 —— 自拍！ 近年来，博物馆一直在努力改变这种行为。今天，全世界 170 多家博物馆正在庆祝 “慢艺术日”。他们要求参观者至少花 5-10 分钟的时间来欣赏一件艺术品。慢艺术的支持者认为，当游客花更多时间观看和研究艺术作品时，他们会更欣赏它。花更多时间研究一件艺术作品也可以帮助人们更好地理解艺术家的想法和艺术家创作作品所经历的过程。 大多数参加 “慢艺术日” 的博物馆只选择几件作品供游客观看。一些博物馆为游客提供了谈论艺术品和分享想法的机会。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点09 动名词（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中阶段的不仅能够正确使用动名词，还需掌握动名词的复合结构、动名词的被动形式及完成形式。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中动名词考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。 功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。 1．To prevent myopia (近视), you should avoid ________ too much time looking at screens. A．spend B．spends C．spent D．spending 2．Li Ping is looking forward to ________ his grandparents this winter holiday A．visit B．visits C．visiting D．visited 3．I can’t imagine ________ in a city without public transportation. A．live B．lived C．to live D．living 4．________ by his teacher made him extremely overjoyed. A．Praised B．Being praised C．Be praised D．Praising 5．________ can provide a relaxing feeling for both body and mind, especially for the people who live in the cities. A．Fish B．Fishes C．Fished D．Fishing 6．Why not_______ our poem club to practise_______ poem? A．join; reading B．to join; reading C．take part in; to read D．to join; to read 7．Can you make a ______ list for the things you are going to buy? A．shop B．shopped C．shopping 8．My brother wants to take part in a ________ competition. A．speak B．spoke C．spoken D．speaking 9．— How I regret _______ when my father told me not to play computer games. — You should say sorry to him. A．talked back B．talking back C．to talk back D．to talking back 10．Tom’s second job was ________ the cows. A．milk B．milking C．milks D．to milk 【高中动名词考点聚焦】 课标解读 动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容 词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 要点精讲 1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 。抱怨无济于事。 It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 dining room餐厅 drinking water饮用水 reading room阅览室 sitting room起居室 sleeping car卧铺车厢 smoking room吸烟室 threshing ground打谷场 waiting room候车室 walking stick手杖 writing desk写字台 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me here.他建议我呆在这儿。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. (4). 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 Before leaving here please call me.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。 Now they are busy (in) preparing their lessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。 考点归纳五、时态和语态 （重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 2.否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 2.动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 一、语法填空 1．30% of American teenagers admit (lie) about their age to gain success to some websites. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．On hearing the joke we couldn’t help (laugh). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Mary, who is disabled, is strongly opposed to (treat) unfairly by others. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5．With the (raise) of standards of this school, more and more parents are trying their best to send their children to study here. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．This includes keeping the original environment from (touch). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．My kid spends hours (chat) on the phone with her friends every day. （所给词的适当形式填空） 8．No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．He claims that (quit) smoking is the easiest thing in the world, for he has done it hundreds of times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Dr. Susan suggested Tom (take) his daughter to the zoo every Sunday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．Taichi, a Chinese Martial art involves (do) very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.(所给词的适当形式填空) 12．The crocodile is used to passengers (throw) food from boats and now she is becoming familiar with humans. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．In my opinion, the film is well worth (see). (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Politicians are skilled at (defend) themselves against their critics. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．If the soup is a little salty, try (add) some water to it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．It’s our duty to take care of endangered animals and protect the forests from (destroy). (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．Students often have difficulty (understand) English grammar. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．The teacher’s strict rules prevented the students from (chat) during class. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．My kids spent hours (chat) with their friends on the phone. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20． (think) about other people’s situations inspired me to offer help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 一、语法选择 Many of us have feelings of loneliness as we grow up. As a teenager, just 　1　 alone in the cafeteria can be unbearable, and girls even go to the restroom hand in hand. They fear 　2　 a “loner”. In these cases, we might use the word “loner” in a disapproving way. However, it can actually have a positive meaning as well.  It all depends on our attitudes towards being alone. If we see 　3　 alone as something negative, we will resist (抵制) it. But if we understand that it's an everyday part of life, we'll be able 　4　 it.  In some countries, more young people are choosing 　5　 loners. In South Korea, “honjok” has become a popular lifestyle. The term comes from “hon” (alone) and “jok” (tribe). These people eat alone, travel alone, and enjoy 　6　 alone.  “I hope it grows into a self-supporting culture of happiness,” said Jang Jae Young, a South Korean who runs a website about this solo lifestyle 　7　 honjok.me.  In Japan, people have developed a strong “loner culture” and even a “loner economy”. There are many solo karaoke bars and solo cafes. Even some restaurants are specially designed for solo diners. Clapboards (隔板) separate each seat. They fill out a form 　8　 an order, and then press a button to call the waiter. So they don't have to see the faces of other customers or waiters.  People are becoming more experienced in and comfortable about 　9　 solitude (独处). This doesn't mean we should totally shut ourselves from the outside world, of course. But it doesn't hurt 　10　 some “me time” once in a while.  1.A.eat　　　 B.to eat　　　 C.eating　　　 D.eaten 2.A.be called　　　 B.to be called C.be calling　　　 D.being called 3.A.is　　　 B.are　　　 C.be　　　 D.being 4.A.hug　　　 B.to hug　　　 C.hugging　　　 D.hugged 5.A.to be　　　 B.be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 6.A.be　　　 B.to be　　　 C.being　　　 D.been 7.A.call　　　 B.to call　　　 C.calling　　　 D.called 8.A.place　　　 B.to place　　　 C.placing　　　 D.placed 9.A.embrace　　　 B.to embrace　　　 C.embracing　　　 D.embraced 10.A.have　　　 B.to have　　　 C.having　　　 D.had 二、阅读理解 In today’s world of fast-paced games and short videos, people are spending less and less time on things. For example, research has shown that the average visitor spends just 15 seconds on a website before moving on to other things. But the Internet is a huge and busy place, with millions of sites to choose from. You might expect people to slow down a bit more when they’re in museums full of great works of art. But you’d be wrong. Several studies have shown that the amount of time for people to spend looking at a piece of art is ten seconds. Many people may spend more time, but not much more — the average is about 28 seconds. At the Tate Modern Museum in London, it’s even worse. People there spend an average of just eight seconds on each artwork. And in that short period of time, the visitors are also managing to do another important thing — take selfies ! In recent years museums have been working to change this behavior. Today, over 170 museums around the world are celebrating “Slow Art Day”. They are asking their visitors to spend at least 5-10 minutes looking at just one work of art. Slow Art supporters believe that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art, they admire it more. Studying a work of art for more time can also help people get a better understanding of the artist’s ideas and what the artist went through to create the work. Most of the museums taking part in Slow Art Day are choosing just a few works for their visitors to see. Some of the museums are offering chances for visitors to talk about the artworks and share their ideas. 1．Generally speaking, people spend ______ on each piece of art in a museum. A．8 seconds B．28 seconds C．15 seconds D．10 seconds 2．What do the underlined words “this behavior” refer to? A．Admiring each artwork thoroughly. B．Taking selfies in museums busily. C．Celebrating “Slow Art Day” widely. D．Looking at each artwork hurriedly. 3．Why is “Slow Art Day” created? A．To make people spend more time on each artwork B．To stop visitors from taking selfies inside C．To attract more people to visit the museums D．To give visitors an opportunity to relax themselves 4．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage? A．Museums: Slow down to Admire more! B．Museums on the Rocks: Please Advise! C．Slow Art Day: a Fruit of Museums! D．Museums: an Escape from the Fast-paced Life! 重难词汇词块清单 词汇 / 词块 词性 中文释义 fast-paced adj. 快节奏的 average adj. 平均的 behavior n. 行为 admire v. 欣赏，钦佩 understanding n. 理解，领悟 长难句分析 原句：Slow Art supporters believe that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art, they admire it more. 译文：慢艺术的支持者认为，当游客花更多时间观看和研究艺术作品时，他们会更欣赏它。 分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为 “Slow Art supporters believe”，“that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art, they admire it more” 为 that 引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中，“when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art” 为 when 引导的时间状语从句，“they admire it more” 为主句。 中文翻译 在当今快节奏的游戏和短视频世界中，人们在事情上花费的时间越来越少。例如，研究表明，普通访问者在一个网站上只花 15 秒，然后就去做其他事情了。但互联网是一个巨大而繁忙的地方，有 millions of sites to choose from. 你可能会期望人们在充满伟大艺术作品的博物馆里会放慢一点速度。但你错了。 几项研究表明，人们花在观看一件艺术品上的时间是 10 秒钟。许多人可能会花更多的时间，但不会更多 —— 平均约为 28 秒。在伦敦的泰特现代美术馆，情况更糟。那里的人们在每件艺术品上平均只花费 8 秒钟。在这短短的时间里，游客们还做了另一件重要的事情 —— 自拍！ 近年来，博物馆一直在努力改变这种行为。今天，全世界 170 多家博物馆正在庆祝 “慢艺术日”。他们要求参观者至少花 5-10 分钟的时间来欣赏一件艺术品。慢艺术的支持者认为，当游客花更多时间观看和研究艺术作品时，他们会更欣赏它。花更多时间研究一件艺术作品也可以帮助人们更好地理解艺术家的想法和艺术家创作作品所经历的过程。 大多数参加 “慢艺术日” 的博物馆只选择几件作品供游客观看。一些博物馆为游客提供了谈论艺术品和分享想法的机会。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$