专题六：动词的时态和语态 2025届高三英语语法总复习

语法总复习专题六 动词的时态和语态 1 总览 一般状态 进行状态 完成状态 完成进行状态 过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 现在时 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 将来时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 过去将来时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时 2 考点1 一般现在时 【典例】(2024 新高考 卷) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 考查时态和主谓一致 walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 walks 3 考点1 一般现在时(动词用原形或第三人称单数) 1.谓语动词的构成:do/does 2.基本用法 (1) 表示现在经常性的、习惯性的、反复发生的动作。 常与never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always, every day/night等表示频度的时间状语连用。 e.g. In the evening, I often do some reading. e.g. I usually get up at six o’clock. 4 考点1 一般现在时(动词用原形或第三人称单数) 1.谓语动词的构成:do/does 2.基本用法 (2) 表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。 谓语动词是go, arrive, leave, start, return, begin, come, live, fly等,可以用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。 e.g. Hurry up! The train leaves at 10. e.g. My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. 5 考点1 一般现在时(动词用原形或第三人称单数) 1.谓语动词的构成:do/does 2.基本用法 (3) 表示客观真理、客观事实、格言或者警句等。 表示客观真理时,即使主句是一般过去时,宾语从句还要用一般现在时。 e.g. It is well known that the earth travels around the sun. e.g. Light travels much faster than sound. 光速比声速快得多。 6 考点1 一般现在时(动词用原形或第三人称单数) 1.谓语动词的构成:do/does 2.基本用法 (4) 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 如果你今天下午来,我们就开会。 e.g. If you see him later, give him this letter. 如果你见到他,就把这封信给他。 7 考点1 一般现在时 动词单数第三人称词尾 s的加法 一般情况(包括“元音字母+y”结尾的词) 在词尾加 s run—runs live—lives play—plays 以ch, sh, s, z, x或o结尾的词 在词尾加 es teach—teaches fix—fixes finish—finishes 以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i加 es try—tries fly—flies worry—worries 8 考点2 一般过去时 【典例】(2024•新高考 卷) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about _38_ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 考查时态和主谓一致 这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。 were 9 考点2 一般过去时(动词用过去式) 1.谓语动词的构成:did 2.基本用法 (1) 表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989等。 e.g. I don't know how the universe came into being. 我不知道宇宙是如何形成的。 e.g. He went abroad last week. 10 考点2 一般过去时(动词用过去式) 1.谓语动词的构成:did 2.基本用法 (2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always, every day/night等表示频度的副词连用。 e.g. He never went to the gym during his childhood. e.g. When I was in the countryside, I often visited my old friends there. 我在乡村里,经常去拜访那里的朋友。 11 考点2 一般过去时(动词用过去式) 1.谓语动词的构成:did 2.基本用法 (3) 表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时,know,think,expect等动词常用一般过去时。 e.g. Much to my disappointment, the film is not as moving as I expected. 使我非常失望的是,这部电影不像我原来预料的一样感人。 12 考点2 一般过去时(动词用过去式) (4) 常见句型: ① It is time that sb. should do/did sth. 该到……的时候了 ② It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth. 自从做某事已经一段时间了 ③ would/had rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事 e.g. It is time that we took action to protect our environment. 该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 e.g. It is/has been three years since he went abroad. e.g. I would rather you failed the exam. 13 动词的过去式和过去分词的构成 一般情况(包括“元音字母+y”结尾的动词) 加 ed delay—delayed call—called 以e结尾 加 d agree—agreed hate—hated 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i加 ed cry—cried carry—carried worry—worried “一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾,又是重读闭音节时 最后一个辅音字母双写,再加上 ed beg—begged stop—stopped commit-committed 14 考点3 一般将来时 【典例】(2025 天津市滨海新区大港第一中学高三期中) Dr. Smith, together with his wife and children, _ visit Beijing this summer. A.is going to B.are going to C.was going to D.were going to 考查时态和主谓一致 句意:史密斯博士和他的妻子、孩子今年夏天将访问北京。根据“this summer”可知,此处描述将来的情况,together with his wife and children为插入语,不影响主语的人称和数,主语Dr. Smith是单数,应用is going to。故选A。 A 15 考点3 一般将来时 (1) will do /shall do(主语第一人称) ① 表示将来的动作或状态(单纯的将来事实) ② 表示一种趋向或习惯性动作 ③ 临时决定做某事 e.g. Next month we will have our school open day. 下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。 (2) be going to do 表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看那乌云,要下雨了。(根据乌云迹象预测要下雨) 16 考点3 一般将来时 (3) be to do表示按计划、约定,或按职责、义务、规定等必须做的事,或即将发生的动作。 e.g. There is to be an English exam next Monday. 下周一有场英语考试。 (4) be about to do表示正要或即将要做某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。 e.g. The plane is about to take off. 飞机就要起飞了。 17 过去将来时 1.构成:would do sth. was/were going to do sth. 2.基本用法:过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。 The shop would soon close,and all the people would go home. 这个商店不久将关闭,所有的人将回家。 18 考点4 现在进行时 【典例】(2023 天津 高考真题) Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you _a group for a birthday party. A.will be bringing B.have brought C.have been bringing D.were bringing 考查时态和主谓一致 根据“in advance”可知,此处表示将来的动作,所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 A 19 考点4 现在进行时 1. 基本结构:am/is/are+现在分词 2. 基本用法 ① 说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与时间状语now,at the moment,at present等连用。 e.g. He is doing his homework now. ② 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作,短暂性动词go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, get, open, begin等常用现在进行时表将来。 e.g. I am leaving for Beijing to attend a college. 20 考点4 现在进行时 1. 基本结构:am/is/are + doing 2. 基本用法 ③ 现在进行时态与频率副词always,constantly连用表达某种感情色彩,如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。 e.g. You are constantly forgetting the important thing. e.g. He is always helping others. e.g. You're always doing a good job. 你们总是做得很好。 21 过去进行时(was/were + doing) ① 过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。常与then, at that time,at this time yesterday, at that moment等连用。 e.g. He was having a meeting at 8 o’clock yesterday. e.g. I was doing homework at this time yesterday. ② 表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。与when,while引导的时间状从连用。 e.g. She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. 她正在看电视,这时一个窃贼闯入了她的房子。 22 过去进行时(was/were + doing) ③ 表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作,如go,begin,leave,arrive,come,return等。 e.g. We were leaving very early so we packed the night before. 我们将很早动身,所以我们前一天晚上收拾行李。 ④ 与always, frequently连用,表示重复的动作,表达某种感情色彩。 e.g. He was always leaving things about. 他过去总是乱扔东西。 23 将来进行时 1. 基本构成:will be doing 2. 基本用法: 表示将来某个时间或某一时间段正在进行的动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。 e.g. This time next week I'll be lying on the beach,enjoying the sunshine. 下星期这个时候,我正躺在海滩上,享受着阳光。 24 动词的现在分词的构成 一般情况 加 ing catch—catching drink—drinking carry—carrying 以不发音的e结尾 去e加 ing come—coming make—making take—taking “一元一辅”结尾,且又是重读音节 双写词尾辅音字母,再加 ing hit—hitting plan—planning begin—beginning 特殊点 几个特殊变化的动词 die—dying tie—tying 打结 lie—lying panic—panicking恐慌 25 考点5 现在完成时 【典例】(2024浙江1月卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets _ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 考查时态和主谓一致 句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 have started 26 考点5 现在完成时 1.谓语动词的构成:have/has done 2.基本用法 (1) 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作到说话时刚刚完成或结束,而对现在造成影响或结果,常用时间状语:already, just, yet, never, before, lately, till now, so far, recently, for a long time, in the past/last few years等。 e.g. Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. 27 考点5 现在完成时 (2) 过去已经开始,一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态,常与“since+时间点”或“for+时间段”,so far, by now, in the past/last+时间段连用。 e.g. He moved here in 2019 and he has lived here ever since. (3) 在时间和条件状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作。 e.g. Please return the book to me when you have finished it. e.g. We shall not restart our business until we have finished our plan. 28 考点5 现在完成时 (4) 固定句型: ① It is/has been+时间段+since... “自从……以来已经……” e.g. It is/has been three years since I graduated from the university. ② This/It/That is the first/second ... time + that从句 “这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”(that从句要用现在完成时) e.g. This is the first time we have seen a film together. ③ This is+the+adj.最高级+n.+that...结构(that从句要用现在完成时) e.g. This is the worst reason I've ever heard. 29 考点6 过去完成时 【典例】(2025 江苏月考) Deputy Mayor of Waipa District Council, Liz Stolwyk noted that this was the third time that Waipa people_ (attend) both exhibitions. 考查时态和主谓一致 句意:怀帕区议会副市长Liz Stolwyk指出,这是怀帕居民第三次参加这两个展览。it/this was the first/second/third… time that...为固定用法,意为“这是第一次/二次/三次……”,从句用过去完成时。故填had attended。 had attented 30 Exercise 1. I _ (drive) for thirty years, and I’m not going to stop now. 【答案】have driven 【详解】句意:我已经开了30年车了,现在我不会停下来的。根据“for thirty year”可知,此处用现在完成时,故填have driven。 Exercise 2. It's reported that the temperature (climb) quickly since this morning. 【答案】has climbed 【详解】句意:据报道,从今天早上开始气温迅速上升。since自从...,要用于现在完成时have/has+过去分词,temperature要用has,故填has climbed。 考点6 过去完成时 1.谓语动词的构成:had done 2.基本用法 (1) 强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前“过去的过去”,常见的时间状语有by, until, when, before等。 Hong Kong _(return) to China in 1997. Macao _(return) to China in 1999. Hong Kong _(return) to China before Macao came back to China. returned returned had returned 33 考点6 过去完成时 2.基本用法 (2) 表示过去未曾实现的打算或愿望,常用于该用法的动词:hope, mean, plan, intend, expect, wish, suppose, think等。“原本…(事实上未能……)” e.g. We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。 e.g. I had planned to go for a trip during the summer vacation. 我本来打算暑假去旅行的。 34 考点6 过去完成时 (3) 固定句型: ① It was the first/second...time that... 这是第一/第二……次…… e.g. It was the first time that they had ever met. 这是他们初次见面。 ② hardly......when......刚……就……【主句用过去完成时】 e.g. Hardly had I arrived at the classroom when it began to rain. 我一走进教室就开始下雨了。 e.g. I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. ③ no sooner...than一……就……【主句用过去完成时】 35 现在完成时&过去完成时 Today Yesterday The day before yesterday B A C 36 考点7 将来完成时 1.谓语动词的构成:will have done 2.基本用法 表示某一动作到将来某个时间完成,上下文情景中常含有by的短语,如by six o'clock, by the weekend, by the end of next month等。 e.g. By the time he is 15 years old, he will have finished the middle school. 到15岁的时候,他将已经上完了初中。 37 考点8 现在完成进行时 1.谓语动词的构成:have/has been doing 2.基本用法:常与all days, all the morning, over the past years 等连用。 (1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。 e.g. I have been swimming for half an hour. I'll do it for another ten minutes. 我游泳半小时了,我再游十分钟。 (2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。 e.g. I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer. 38 考点8 现在完成进行时 1.谓语动词的构成:have/has been doing 2.基本用法:常与all days, all the morning, over the past years 等连用。 (1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。 e.g. I have been swimming for half an hour. I'll do it for another ten minutes. 我游泳半小时了,我再游十分钟。 (2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。 e.g. I have been calling him many times this morning, but there's no answer. 39 考点9 被动语态 【典例】(2025 湖北省部分高中协作体高三一模) Kites, which were invented over 2,000 years ago in China _(believe) to be the earliest flying objects created by humans. 考查时态和主谓一致 句意:风筝是2000多年前在中国发明的,被认为是人类创造的最早的飞行物体。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,主语为复数名词Kites和动词believe为被动关系,结合句意可知,为陈述客观事实,所以为一般现在时的被动语态结构。故填are believed。 are believed 40 被动语态构成(基本公式:be done) 时态种类 构成公式及构成方法 一般时态 be (am/is/are, was/were, will/shall be)+过去分词 进行时态 be (am/is/are, was/were)+being+过去分词 把“be+过去分词”中的be变为进行时(be+being),其后的过去分词不变 完成时态 have / has/ had +been+过去分词 把“be+过去分词”中的be变为完成时(have been),其后的过去分词不变 过去将来时 would+be+过去分词 41 被动语态高频考点 (1) get done 表被动。此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt等。 e.g. We get paid every week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 e.g. They got married last month. 他们上个月结婚了。 (2) 主动形式表被动意义。 ①系动词+ adj./n. (look, feel, sound, semll, taste, seem, appear, go, prove, turn等)。 e.g. The dish tastes delicious. 我这菜尝起来很好吃。 e.g. His plan proved to be practical. 他的计划被证明是可行的。 42 被动语态高频考点 (2) 主动形式表被动意义。 ②表示主语特征的词(read, write, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, shut, lock...),常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。 e.g. This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。 e.g. Harry Potter sells very well. ③ be worth doing sth. 主动表被动 e.g. The book is worth reading. 43 被动语态高频考点 (2) 主动形式表被动意义。 ④ need / want / require / deserve / bear doing sth. 主动表被动 = ~ to be done e.g. Most house plants require regular watering. = to be watered 大多数家居绿植需要定期浇水。 e.g. The boy deserved punishing for littering. = to be punished 这个男孩因为乱扔垃圾,应受惩罚。 44 THANKS