Unit 4 Space Exploration 重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2024-2025学年高一英语单元语法，词汇练习(人教版2019必修第三册)

Unit 4 Space Exploration 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. mental adj. 精神的; 思想的 2. vehicle n. 交通工具; 车辆 3. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望 4. signal vi. &vt. 标志着; 标明; 发信号 n. 信号; 标志 5. otherwise adv. 否则; 要不然 6. beyond prep. 在更远处; 超出 7. argue vt. &vi. 论证; 争辩; 争论 8. pattern n. 模式; 图案; 模范 9. monitor n. 监视器; 监测仪 vt. 监视; 监测; 监控 10. regular adj. 定期的; 经常的; 正常的 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. disappoint vt. 使失望→disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的→disappointing adj. 令人失望的→disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧 2. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏→lacking adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的 3. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定→determination n. 决定; 确定→determined adj. 有决心的; 意志坚定的 4. intelligent adj. 聪明的; 有智力的→ intelligence n. 智力; 才智 5. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望→desirable adj. 令人满意的→desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的 6. limit v. &n. 限制→limitation n. 限制, 能力上的不足→limited adj. 有限的→limitless adj. 无限制的; 无界限的 7. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴; (使)附属→attachment n. 附件; 喜爱; 连接 8. independent adj. 独立的; 自主的→independently adv. 独立地; 自立地→independence n. 独立 9. sufficient adj. 足够的→sufficiency n. 足够; 充分 10. current adj. 当前的; 现在的→ currency n. 水流; 电流; 通货; 货币 一、语法填空 1．The bell rang, (signal) that school was over. 【答案】signaling/signalling 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：铃响了，表示放学了。此处为非谓语动词作状语，表示铃声向后自然产生的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填signaling/signalling。 2． (attach) to a key university, the school has a much wider resource of students. 【答案】Attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：附属于一所重点大学，这所学校拥有更广泛的生源。本句谓语为has，此处使用非谓语动词形式，且the school与attach“把……附（在……上）”是被动关系，因此应使用过去分词，构成过去分词短语，作状语，句首单词，首字母大写。attached to“附属于，隶属于”。故填Attached。 3．He can’t express himself freely due to his (limit) vocabulary. 【答案】limited 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于他有限的词汇量，他不能自由地表达自己。提示词修饰名词vocabulary，用形容词limited作定语，意为“有限的”。故填limited。 4．His (determine) looks suggested that he wouldn’t change his mind. 【答案】determined 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他坚定的表情告诉我们他是不会改变主意的。作定语，修饰后面的名词look，应用形容词determined，表示“坚定的”。故填determined。 5．After graduating from college, he found a job and ended his (depend) on his parents. 【答案】dependence 【详解】考查名词。句意：大学毕业后，他找到了一份工作，不再依赖父母。此处缺少名词作动词ended的宾语，depend的名词是dependence，是不可数名词，意为“依赖”。故填dependence。 6．As a child, he never left his parents, so he didn’t get used to dealing with everything in school (independent). 【答案】independently 【详解】考查副词。句意：小时候，他从未离开过父母，所以他没有习惯在学校独立处理一切事情。本空修饰动词dealing，作状语，表示“独立地”，应用副词independently。故填independently。 7．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (enter) space. 【答案】to enter 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此后，苏联专注于将人类送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个太空的人。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词person，当所修饰词前面有序数词时，应用不定式作后置定语，故填to enter。 8．All the students took part in the (argue). 【答案】argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：所有的学生都参加了辩论。介词in后接名词作宾语。argue的名词为argument，表示“争论，辩论”之意，为不可数名词。故填argument。 9．The secretary admitted that the mayor was and physically unhealthy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】mentally 【详解】考查形容词。句意：秘书承认市长精神上和身体上都不健康。此处为副词作状语修饰形容词unhealthy，与physically为并列关系，mental的副词为mentally意为“精神上”符合句意。故填mentally。 10．A (mystery) light came from the deserted house. 【答案】mysterious 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一束神秘的光从那座废弃的房子里射出来。修饰名词light，需用形容词mysterious，作定语。故填mysterious。 11．Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, (pattern) and masses of color. 【答案】patterns 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：有些人可能认为花园不过是植物、花卉、图案和大片色彩的组合。pattern表示“图案”为可数名词，所以此处使用pattern的复数形式patterns与plants、flowers和masses of color为并列关系。故填patterns。 12．I have my piano class (regular) every Sunday. 【答案】regularly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我每周日定期上钢琴课。修饰动词have，需用副词regularly，作状语。故填regularly。 13．The lack of water has become a (globe) problem that needs to be solved urgently. 【答案】global 【详解】考查形容词。句意：缺水已经成为一个全球性问题，需要紧急解决。此处应用形容词global作定语，修饰名词problem，故填global。 14．You can ask for a detailed (analyze) of your tap water in case the court needs the evidence. 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：您可以要求对自来水进行详细分析，以备法庭需要证据。此处为名词作宾语，analyze 的名词形式是 analysis意为“分析”，空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填 analysis。 15．Although sky well buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer modern (facility). 【答案】facilities 【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管天井式建筑在中国已经存在了数百年，但近年来，它们常常被那些更喜欢现代设施的人们所遗忘。facility为可数名词，表示泛指用复数形式，故填facilities。 16．To make a film look real, great effort must sometimes be made (research), find and build objects. 【答案】to research 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了使电影看起来真实，有时必须做出巨大努力来研究、发现和构建对象。此处考查固定搭配make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，其被动语态是efforts be made to do sth.，因此空处应用动词不定式。故填to research。 17．Imagine having the opportunity (sing) together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone. 【答案】to sing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，当你独自在家时，有机会和数百人一起唱歌。所给动词sing在句中作后置定语修饰名词opportunity，应使用动词不定式形式。t固定短语the opportunity to do something意为“做某事的机会”。故填to sing。 18．In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department. (所构成的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be appointed 【详解】考查不定式。句意：1941年，林医生成为第一位被任命为妇产科主任的中国女性。设空处修饰名词woman作定语，前面有the first修饰，应用不定式，主语和appoint之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动语态，故填to be appointed。 19． (promote) healthy eating habits, the hospitals launched educational campaigns, distributing free nutrition guides in communities. 【答案】To promote 【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了促进健康的饮食习惯，医院发起了教育运动，在社区分发免费的营养指南。由后文句意可知，空格处用不定式表目的，作状语。位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填To promote。 20．In the (currency) economic situation, switching careers may not be such a good idea. 【答案】current 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在目前的经济形势下，转行可能不是个好主意。形容词 “current”作定语修饰 “economic situation” ，表示 “在当前的经济形势下”。故填current。 21． (make) school life healthier for his students, Zhang Tian introduced more subjects to the school. 【答案】To make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让学生的校园生活更健康，Zhang Tian为学校引入了更多课程。这里需要使用非谓语动词作目的状语，说明“Zhang Tian引入更多课程”的目的是“让学生的校园生活更健康”。动作与逻辑主语Zhang Tian是主动关系，因此用不定式的一般式。故填To make。 22．The Chinese character Fu (attach) upside down to our front door every year before Spring Festival. 【答案】is attached 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：每年春节前，我们的前门都会倒贴上“福”字。空处作句子的谓语，根据“every year before Spring Festival”可知，此处描述通常性的行为，时态应用一般现在时，短语attach sth. to sth.意为“把……附于……上”，attach和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is attached。 23．When standing on stage, she felt nervous, (lack) the confidence to perform well. 【答案】lacking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在台上时，她感到紧张，缺乏表现好的信心。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，she和lack为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填lacking。 24．I decided to try to find planets (orbit) other stars like the sun. 【答案】orbiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定尝试寻找围绕像太阳一样的其他恒星运行的行星。句中decided为谓语动词，所以orbit用非谓语形式。逻辑主语planets“行星”与orbit“沿轨道运行；围绕……运动”之间为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语修饰planets。故填orbiting。 25．All human beings are much more (intelligence) than animals. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】intelligent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：所有的人类都比动物聪明得多。根据句意，设空后的than以及空前的“more”可知，此处需要用形容词作表语，intelligence的形容词形式为intelligent，表示“聪明的”。故填intelligent。 26．The Belt and Road Initiative( 一带一路倡议) is a common cause that has been urging many countries (roll) up their sleeves. 【答案】to roll 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：“一带一路”是一项共同的事业，许多国家都在为此而努力。固定搭配：urge sb. to do sth.“催促某人做某事”。此处是动词不定式做宾语补足语，故填to roll。 27． (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 【答案】To strengthen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。句子已有谓语动词included，空处应用非谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。句首单词首字母大写。故填To strengthen。 28． (survive), they were driven to extremes. 【答案】To survive 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了生存，它们被逼到了极端。空处表示目的“为了生存”，用不定式作目的状语，放在句首，首字母大写。故填To survive。 29．The organizers can’t help (feel) proud as they watch the successful event unfold. 【答案】feeling 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当组织者看到这一成功的活动展开时，他们不禁感到自豪。此处为can’t help doing sth.意为“情不自禁地做某事”，动名词形式作宾语。故填feeling。 30．The workers were disappointed (find) that they couldn’t understand the instructions on the machine. 【答案】to find 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工人们失望地发现他们看不懂机器上的说明。形容词短语be disappointed to do意为“对做某事感到失望”，因此应用find“发现”的不定式形式。故填to find。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shijian-19 is China’s first reusable and returnable test satellite. 31 (send) up on Sept. 27 and having returned to Earth safely, Shijian-19 has achieved 32 number of technological breakthroughs. The flight tests confirmed the satellite’s capacity as a high-performance reusable space platform and met all the expected technical 33 (standard). The Shijian-19 satellite, 34 (weigh) about 3, 500 kilograms, has different configurations (配置) for various mission requirements. This mission employed a “short-term” version designed for missions lasting about two weeks. A long-term configuration is capable 35 remaining in orbit longer to support extended experiments. The recoverable part can carry a payload of between 500 and 600 kilograms. With high microgravity levels and efficient performance, Shijian-19 typically 36 (serve) as a critical tool for space science research. It supports studies in areas such as microgravity science and space life science, offering timely and 37 (rely) results. Additionally, researchers used the satellite 38 (conduct) space breeding experiments, test new technologies, and further space science experiments. Shijian-19 also 39 (carry) several payloads for international cooperation, enhancing China’s role in global space exploration efforts. The Shijian-19 mission is part of China’s broader space program, 40 includes ambitious plans for deep space exploration, a range of experiments aboard the Tiangong space station, and advancements in reusable space technologies. 【答案】 31．Sent 32．a 33．standards 34．weighing 35．of 36．serves 37．reliable 38．to conduct 39．carried 40．which 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是中国首颗可重复使用返回式卫星——实践十九号的技术突破及其在空间科学研究中的应用。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：实践十九号卫星于9月27日发射升空，并安全返回地球，取得了多项技术突破。本句已有谓语动词has achieved，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词send与主语Shijian-19之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词sent作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Sent。 32．考查冠词。句意：实践十九号卫星于9月27日发射升空，并安全返回地球，取得了多项技术突破。a number of是固定短语，意为“许多，大量”。故填a。 33．考查可数名词的复数。句意：飞行试验证实了该卫星作为高性能可重复使用空间平台的能力，并达到了所有预期的技术标准。Standard是可数名词，由all可知，空处名词需用复数。故填standards。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：实践十九号卫星重约3500公斤，可根据不同任务需求进行不同配置。本句已有谓语动词has，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；动词weigh与主语satellite之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词weighing作后置定语。故填weighing。 35．考查固定短语。句意：长期配置则能够在轨道上停留更长时间，以支持长期实验。be capable of为固定短语，意为“能够”。故填of。 36．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：凭借高微重力水平和高效性能，实践十九号卫星通常作为空间科学研究的关键工具。由空后typically可知，空处谓语动词需用一般现在时，主语是专有名词Shijian-19，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填serves。 37．考查形容词。句意：它支持微重力科学和空间生命科学等领域的研究，提供及时且可靠的结果。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词results，rely的形容词为reliable“可靠的”。故填reliable。 38．考查动词不定式。句意：此外，研究人员利用该卫星进行太空育种实验、测试新技术并推进空间科学实验。use sth. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“使用某物做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to conduct。 39．考查时态。句意：实践十九号卫星还搭载了多个国际合作有效载荷，提升了中国在全球太空探索中的作用。由前文谓语动词used可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填carried。 40．考查定语从句。句意：实践十九号卫星的任务是中国更广泛太空计划的一部分，该计划包括深空探测的宏伟计划、天宫空间站的一系列实验，以及可重复使用航天技术的进步。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是space program，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 语法填空 China launched the Shenzhou XIX manned spaceship on Wednesday. The crew members were fully trained and prepared, and the launch became 41 hit globally. Of the three astronauts, Wang Haoze, the only female space flight engineer in China currently, 42 (inspire) many Chinese netizens with her experiences and dedication since the launch. During her college years, she stood out 43 (academic), ranking at the top of her class. Wang majored 44 power engineering at college. “From a rocket engine designer to a space flight engineer, my role has changed, 45 the initial spirit and mission of serving the country in space remains the same,” Wang said on Wednesday. As an engineer, Wang previously had no flight experience, 46 (make) the aerospace physiology tests (航空航天生理学测试) in the selection process particularly challenging. However, she was determined never to be the first one 47 (ring) the emergency bell. After nearly a thousand practices, 48 (equip) with what it took to be a qualified astronaut, she set out on her first space journey. Wang’s 49 (persevere) has inspired many netizens, some of 50 commented that Wang is surely working hard and paying a lot of effort. 【答案】 41．a 42．has inspired 43．academically 44．in 45．but 46．making 47．to ring 48．equipped 49．perseverance 50．whom 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国发射神舟十九号载人飞船这一事件，并着重介绍了航天员王浩泽的经历与事迹。 41．考查冠词。句意：机组人员经过了充分的训练和准备，这次发射在全球范围内引起了轰动。“hit”是可数名词，此处表示“一件成功而轰动的事”，且“hit”发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 42．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在三名航天员中，目前中国唯一的女航天飞行工程师王浩泽，自发射以来，她的经历和奉献精神激励了许多中国网民。根据“since the launch”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语“Wang Haoze”是第三人称单数。故填has inspired。 43．考查副词。句意：在大学期间，她学业成绩优异，在班上名列前茅。“stood out”是动词短语，应用副词“academically”来修饰，表示“在学术上”。故填academically。 44．考查介词。句意：王在大学主修动力工程。“major in”是固定短语，意为“主修”。故填in。 45．考查连词。句意：“从火箭发动机设计师到航天飞行工程师，我的角色发生了变化，但为太空事业服务国家的初心和使命始终不变，”王周三说。根据句意可知，前后句之间为转折关系，应用“but”连接。故填but。 46．考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名工程师，王以前没有飞行经验，这使得选拔过程中的航空航天生理学测试特别具有挑战性。句中已有谓语动词“had”，且没有连词，所以动词“make”需使用非谓语动词形式。根据语意可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填making。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，她下定决心，绝不做第一个按紧急警报铃的人。此处为“序数词 + 名词 + 不定式”固定结构，所以应用不定式“to ring”作后置定语，修饰“the first one”，表示“第一个按紧急警报铃的人”。故填to ring。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过近千次练习，她具备了成为一名合格航天员的素质，开始了她的第一次太空之旅。句中已有谓语动词“set out”，且空格前没有连词连接，所以应用动词“equip”的非谓语动词形式。“equip”与主语“she”之间为被动关系，“be equipped with”表示“具备”，所以用过去分词作状语。故填equipped。 49．考查名词。句意：王的毅力激励了许多网民，其中一些人评论说，王一定在努力工作，付出了很多努力。根据空前的所有格“Wang’s”可知，此处应用“persevere”的名词形式“perseverance”，作主语，表示“毅力”，为不可数名词。故填perseverance。 50．考查定语从句。句意：王的毅力激励了许多网民，其中一些人评论说，王一定在努力工作，付出了很多努力。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是“netizens”，指人，应用关系代词“whom”。故填whom。 二、单词拼写 51．The team decided to launch the product in the summer after making a careful market (分析). 【答案】analysis 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过仔细的市场分析，该团队决定在夏天推出该产品。句中用名词作宾语。名词“分析”英文为analysis。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填analysis。 52．To (润色) your essay, you can use more figures of speech such as metaphors. 【答案】polish 【详解】考查动词原形。句意：为了润色你的文章，你可以使用更多的修辞手法，比如隐喻。句中“润色”对应的英文是动词polish，该空用动词原形形式和前面的To构成不定式形式作目的状语。故填polish。 53．He raised his hand, (示意) to the waiter to bring the menu. 【答案】signalling/signaling 【详解】考查动词。句意：他举起手，示意服务员拿菜单来。“示意”应用动词signal，构成短语signal to sb. to do sth.，意为“示意某人做某事”，且句子已有谓语，空处为非谓语，He与signal逻辑上是主动关系，因此用signal的现在分词形式，作状语。故填signalling/signaling。 54．Please (贴) the note to the door reading “pleas c close the door in case cool air comes in”. 【答案】attach 【详解】考查动词。句意：请把便条贴在门上，上面写着“请随手关门，以防冷空气进来”。根据汉语提示“贴”，以及上文Please可知此处应填动词原形attach，故填attach。 55．The scenery is (超出)description. 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：风景美得无法形容。根据下文名词“description(描述)”以及汉语提示“超出”，可知此处应填介词beyond，beyond description“难以描述”是固定搭配。故填beyond。 56．Lucy has a (渴望) to be a teacher in the near future. 【答案】desire 【详解】考查名词。句意：露西渴望在不久的将来成为一名教师。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，根据汉语提示“渴望”和不定冠词a,可知此处应填单数名词desire，故填desire。 57．She is a strong-minded, (独立的) woman. 【答案】independent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她是个意志坚强、性格独立的女人。根据汉语提示可知用形容词independent，修饰名词woman。故填independent。 58．After graduation he went to a whole wider place to (寻找) his fortune. 【答案】seek 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：毕业后，他去了一个更广阔的地方去寻找他的财富。根据汉语提示“寻找”可知，此处为动词seek，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形，seek one’s fortune是固定短语，意为“寻找发财机会；碰运气”。故填seek。 59．Freshwater is becoming a scarce (资源) in many parts of the world due to droughts. 【答案】resource 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于干旱，淡水在世界许多地方变得稀缺。表示“资源”使用名词resource，由a可知应用名词单数，作表语。故填resource。 60．The satellite (发射) last month has sent back valuable data. 【答案】launched 【详解】考查动词。句意：上个月发射的卫星发回了有价值的数据。“发射”应用动词launch，且空处是非谓语，作The satellite的后置定语，launch和The satellite逻辑上是被动关系，结合“last month”可知，动作当时已完成，因此用launch的过去分词形式。故填launched。 61．He was slightly injured but (除此以外) unhurt. 【答案】otherwise 【详解】考查副词。句意：他受了点轻伤，但除此以外没有其他伤。“除此以外”用副词otherwise，作状语，用对整体情况进行补充说明。故填otherwise。 62．The firefighters arrived in time (营救) the trapped people from the burning building. 【答案】to rescue 【详解】考查动词。句意：消防员及时赶到，将被困人员从燃烧的大楼中救出。根据中文提示可知，表示“营救”应用rescue，为动词，再由句意可知，这里应用不定式作目的状语。故填to rescue。 63．Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct (程序，步骤) in applying for a visa. 【答案】procedure/procedures 【详解】考查名词。句意：警方坚持认为迈克尔没有按照正确的程序申请签证。根据汉语提示可知应用名词procedure，作宾语，可用单数也可用复数。故填procedure/procedures。 64．The teachers spared no effort to (确保) that all students would be given an equal chance. 【答案】ensure 【详解】考查动词。句意：老师们不遗余力地确保所有学生都能得到平等的机会。“确保”用动词ensure，用原形构成不定式短语to ensure作目的状语。故填ensure。 65．No clue to the (神秘) has been found. 【答案】mystery 【详解】考查名词。句意：还没有找到任何关于这个神秘事件的线索。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词mystery，作介词to的宾语。故填 mystery。 三、完成句子 66．我们学生需要一个可以了解宇宙的地方。（定语从句） We students need a place . 【答案】where we can learn about the universe 【详解】考查定语从句。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是place，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，we作从句主语，“可以”使用情态动词can，“了解宇宙”译为learn about the universe。故填where we can learn about the universe。 67．医生和护士尽了一切努力挽救这名患者的生命。(effort) The doctors and nurses the patient. 【答案】made every effort to save 【详解】考查动词短语。表示“尽一切努力做某事”使用动词短语make every effort to do sth，“挽救”使用动词save，句子是描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填made every effort to save。 68．为了促使我们的不良习惯产生积极的改变，我们必须首先审视自己的不良习惯循环模式。 a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles. 【答案】 To facilitate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，表示“促使，促进”用facilitate，此处表示目的故使用不定式结构作状语。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填To facilitate。 69．一些学生利用这次机会向公众展示了他们的作品。（take advantage of） Some students to present their work to the public. 【答案】took advantage of this opportunity 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。根据句意可知，此句描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。表示“利用”的动词短语为take advantage of；表示“这次机会”应用名词短语this opportunity，作宾语。故答案为took advantage of this opportunity。 70．许多学生上了大学后，他们会积极参与科学研究。（时间状语从句） , they can be actively involved in science research. 【答案】After many students go to college 【详解】考查时间状语从句。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“许多学生上了大学后”，可用after表示“在……之后”引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，从句主语“许多学生”为many students，“上大学”为go to college，这是一种基于普遍情况的推测或预期，并且反映了社会中的一种趋势，因此使用一般现在时，主语为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填After many students go to college。 71．你若集中精力学习英语，你会掌握这门语言的。 will enable you to master the language. 【答案】Concentrating your energy on English 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“你若集中精力学习英语”作主语，“集中精力”为固定搭配concentrate one’s energy on，“英语”为English作宾语，此处作主语，应用动名词形式，句首单词首字母大写，故填Concentrating your energy on English。 72．了解一些医学知识是有必要的。 something about medical knowledge. 【答案】It is necessary to learn 【详解】考查固定句型和时态。“做某事是……的”为固定句型，it be +形容词 to do sth.，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，“有必要的”为形容词necessary，“学习”为动词learn，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，句首单词首字母大写，故填It is necessary to learn。 73．据说这个发电站现在是过去的两倍大。 It’s said that the power plant what it was. 【答案】is now twice as large as 【详解】考查倍数表达法、副词和形容词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“现在是……的两倍大”，描述的是当前的情况，时态应用一般现在时，“是”用be动词，主语the power plant是单数，be动词应用is，“现在”可用副词now，可用“倍数+as+形容词+as”表示事物之间的倍数关系，“两倍”可用副词twice，“大（的）”可用形容词large。故填is now twice as large as。 74．参加各种各样的活动使这位申请人拥有了更多的能力。 enabled the applicant to have more competence. 【答案】Engaging in various activities 【详解】考查动名词、形容词和名词。根据句意，此处表示“参加各种各样的活动”为engage in various activities，其中various作定语修饰名词activities；“参加各种各样的活动”在句中作主语，且表示经常性发生的动作，所以此处为动名词短语作主语，位于句首单词首字母需大写。故填Engaging in various activities。 75．第一个到达终点的人将获得金牌。 The first one to will win the gold medal. 【答案】reach the finishing line 【详解】考查不定式、名词。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“到达终点”，表示“到达”用动词reach，位于不定式符号to后，reach用原形。表示“终点”用the finishing line，作reach的宾语。故填reach the finishing line。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Space Exploration 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1. ____________________ adj. 精神的; 思想的 2. ____________________ n. 交通工具; 车辆 3. ____________________ n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望 4. ____________________ vi. &vt. 标志着; 标明; 发信号 n. 信号; 标志 5. ____________________ adv. 否则; 要不然 6. ____________________ prep. 在更远处; 超出 7. ____________________ vt. &vi. 论证; 争辩; 争论 8. ____________________ n. 模式; 图案; 模范 9. ____________________ n. 监视器; 监测仪 vt. 监视; 监测; 监控 10. ____________________ adj. 定期的; 经常的; 正常的 Ⅱ. 拓展单词 1. disappoint vt. 使失望→____________________ adj. 失望的; 沮丧的→____________________ adj. 令人失望的→____________________ n. 失望; 沮丧 2. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏→____________________ adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的 3. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定→____________________ n. 决定; 确定→____________________ adj. 有决心的; 意志坚定的 4. intelligent adj. 聪明的; 有智力的→ ____________________ n. 智力; 才智 5. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望→____________________ adj. 令人满意的→____________________ adj. 渴望的; 想得到的 6. limit v. &n. 限制→____________________ n. 限制, 能力上的不足→____________________ adj. 有限的→____________________ adj. 无限制的; 无界限的 7. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴; (使)附属→____________________ n. 附件; 喜爱; 连接 8. independent adj. 独立的; 自主的→____________________ adv. 独立地; 自立地→____________________ n. 独立 9. sufficient adj. 足够的→____________________ n. 足够; 充分 10. current adj. 当前的; 现在的→ ____________________ n. 水流; 电流; 通货; 货币 一、语法填空 1．The bell rang, (signal) that school was over. 2． (attach) to a key university, the school has a much wider resource of students. 3．He can’t express himself freely due to his (limit) vocabulary. 4．His (determine) looks suggested that he wouldn’t change his mind. 5．After graduating from college, he found a job and ended his (depend) on his parents. 6．As a child, he never left his parents, so he didn’t get used to dealing with everything in school (independent). 7．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world (enter) space. 8．All the students took part in the (argue). 9．The secretary admitted that the mayor was and physically unhealthy. (用适当的词填空) 10．A (mystery) light came from the deserted house. 11．Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, (pattern) and masses of color. 12．I have my piano class (regular) every Sunday. 13．The lack of water has become a (globe) problem that needs to be solved urgently. 14．You can ask for a detailed (analyze) of your tap water in case the court needs the evidence. 15．Although sky well buildings have existed in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer modern (facility). 16．To make a film look real, great effort must sometimes be made (research), find and build objects. 17．Imagine having the opportunity (sing) together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone. 18．In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department. (所构成的适当形式填空) 19． (promote) healthy eating habits, the hospitals launched educational campaigns, distributing free nutrition guides in communities. 20．In the (currency) economic situation, switching careers may not be such a good idea. 21． (make) school life healthier for his students, Zhang Tian introduced more subjects to the school. 22．The Chinese character Fu (attach) upside down to our front door every year before Spring Festival. 23．When standing on stage, she felt nervous, (lack) the confidence to perform well. 24．I decided to try to find planets (orbit) other stars like the sun. 25．All human beings are much more (intelligence) than animals. （所给词的适当形式填空） 26．The Belt and Road Initiative( 一带一路倡议) is a common cause that has been urging many countries (roll) up their sleeves. 27． (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 28． (survive), they were driven to extremes. 29．The organizers can’t help (feel) proud as they watch the successful event unfold. 30．The workers were disappointed (find) that they couldn’t understand the instructions on the machine. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Shijian-19 is China’s first reusable and returnable test satellite. 31 (send) up on Sept. 27 and having returned to Earth safely, Shijian-19 has achieved 32 number of technological breakthroughs. The flight tests confirmed the satellite’s capacity as a high-performance reusable space platform and met all the expected technical 33 (standard). The Shijian-19 satellite, 34 (weigh) about 3, 500 kilograms, has different configurations (配置) for various mission requirements. This mission employed a “short-term” version designed for missions lasting about two weeks. A long-term configuration is capable 35 remaining in orbit longer to support extended experiments. The recoverable part can carry a payload of between 500 and 600 kilograms. With high microgravity levels and efficient performance, Shijian-19 typically 36 (serve) as a critical tool for space science research. It supports studies in areas such as microgravity science and space life science, offering timely and 37 (rely) results. Additionally, researchers used the satellite 38 (conduct) space breeding experiments, test new technologies, and further space science experiments. Shijian-19 also 39 (carry) several payloads for international cooperation, enhancing China’s role in global space exploration efforts. The Shijian-19 mission is part of China’s broader space program, 40 includes ambitious plans for deep space exploration, a range of experiments aboard the Tiangong space station, and advancements in reusable space technologies. 语法填空 China launched the Shenzhou XIX manned spaceship on Wednesday. The crew members were fully trained and prepared, and the launch became 41 hit globally. Of the three astronauts, Wang Haoze, the only female space flight engineer in China currently, 42 (inspire) many Chinese netizens with her experiences and dedication since the launch. During her college years, she stood out 43 (academic), ranking at the top of her class. Wang majored 44 power engineering at college. “From a rocket engine designer to a space flight engineer, my role has changed, 45 the initial spirit and mission of serving the country in space remains the same,” Wang said on Wednesday. As an engineer, Wang previously had no flight experience, 46 (make) the aerospace physiology tests (航空航天生理学测试) in the selection process particularly challenging. However, she was determined never to be the first one 47 (ring) the emergency bell. After nearly a thousand practices, 48 (equip) with what it took to be a qualified astronaut, she set out on her first space journey. Wang’s 49 (persevere) has inspired many netizens, some of 50 commented that Wang is surely working hard and paying a lot of effort. 二、单词拼写 51．The team decided to launch the product in the summer after making a careful market (分析). 52．To (润色) your essay, you can use more figures of speech such as metaphors. 53．He raised his hand, (示意) to the waiter to bring the menu. 54．Please (贴) the note to the door reading “pleas c close the door in case cool air comes in”. 55．The scenery is (超出)description. 56．Lucy has a (渴望) to be a teacher in the near future. 57．She is a strong-minded, (独立的) woman. 58．After graduation he went to a whole wider place to (寻找) his fortune. 59．Freshwater is becoming a scarce (资源) in many parts of the world due to droughts. 60．The satellite (发射) last month has sent back valuable data. 61．He was slightly injured but (除此以外) unhurt. 62．The firefighters arrived in time (营救) the trapped people from the burning building. 63．Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct (程序，步骤) in applying for a visa. 64．The teachers spared no effort to (确保) that all students would be given an equal chance. 65．No clue to the (神秘) has been found. 三、完成句子 66．我们学生需要一个可以了解宇宙的地方。（定语从句） We students need a place . 67．医生和护士尽了一切努力挽救这名患者的生命。(effort) The doctors and nurses the patient. 68．为了促使我们的不良习惯产生积极的改变，我们必须首先审视自己的不良习惯循环模式。 a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles. 69．一些学生利用这次机会向公众展示了他们的作品。（take advantage of） Some students to present their work to the public. 70．许多学生上了大学后，他们会积极参与科学研究。（时间状语从句） , they can be actively involved in science research. 71．你若集中精力学习英语，你会掌握这门语言的。 will enable you to master the language. 72．了解一些医学知识是有必要的。 something about medical knowledge. 73．据说这个发电站现在是过去的两倍大。 It’s said that the power plant what it was. 74．参加各种各样的活动使这位申请人拥有了更多的能力。 enabled the applicant to have more competence. 75．第一个到达终点的人将获得金牌。 The first one to will win the gold medal. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$