Unit 3 Fit for life Welcome to the unit & Reading 课件-2024-2025学年译林版（2020）高中英语选择性必修第二册

In this unit, you are going to: Unit 3 Fit for life 终身健康 Famous Quotation The practice of medicine is an art, not a trade; a calling, not a business; a calling in which your heart will be exercised equally with your head. — William Osler 行医是艺术而非交易，是使命而非生意。在这个使命中，你要如用脑般用心。 ——威廉·奥斯勒 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2021年下学期 制作 10 长沙市长郡中学 刘丹 As we know, fitness matters(健康很重要). Can you name the benefits of keeping fit? Welcome to the unit 3 1. Keep us in good health condition. 4 2. Get doctors away. 5 3. Build a strong body. 6 4. Give you a good mood. 7 Welcome to the unit Since staying healthy is so crucial in life, who should we turn to if we get sick? 既然保持健康在生活中如此重要，那么如果我们生病了，我们应该向谁求助呢？ Doctors, of course! 8 Medical professionals work hard to keep us healthy. Look at the pictures below and discuss the following questions in pairs. A surgeon performs operations. A physician is trained in general medicine(普通医学). A chemist prepares and sells medicines in a shop. A dentist specializes in(专攻) the care of people’s teeth. b d c a 9 Could you name some medical jobs? a surgen (外科医生) a physician (内科医生) a chemist (药剂师) a dentist (牙科医生) a psychologist (心理医生) an eye doctor (眼科医生) ... ● Examine patients ● Give advice on diet, hygiene(卫生), and preventative care (预防保健) ● Prescribe medications ● Order, give, and interpret diagnostic tests ● Take and keep medical histories Physicians 检查病人 开药 安排、提供和解释诊断测试 记录并保存病史 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2021年下学期 制作 10 长沙市长郡中学 刘丹 ●Diagnose, treat, and manage oral health care needs ●Usually work in a public hospital or private dental hospital ● The cost of dental treatment is pretty high in many countries. Dentists 在许多国家，牙科治疗的费用相当高。 诊断，治疗和管理口腔卫生保健需求 通常在公立医院或私立牙科医院工作 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2021年下学期 制作 10 长沙市长郡中学 刘丹 Chemists ●Usually work in a pharmacy ●Prepare and sell medicine ●Perform complex research projects, such as developing new products and testing new methods 通常在药店工作 配制和销售药品 执行复杂的研究项目，如开发新产品和测试新方法 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2021年下学期 制作 10 长沙市长郡中学 刘丹 Surgeons ●Diagnose patients and create a surgical treatment plan ●Perform surgeries to repair, replace or remove internal organs ●Train and supervise surgical interns and technicians during procedures ●Research surgical techniques and publish new findings 诊断病人并制定手术治疗计划 进行外科手术来修复、替换或移除内脏器官 在手术过程中培训和监督外科实习生和技术人员 研究外科技术并发表新发现 湖南长郡卫星远程学校 录制 2021年下学期 制作 10 长沙市长郡中学 刘丹 The future is in our genes 未来存在于我们的基因之中 What’s going to be talked about in the lecture, according to the title? Prediction Pre-reading Why do they look alike? What do you know about genes? Pre-reading What do you know about genes? small sections of DNA control a particular quality ( passed on from parents) 一小段DNA 控制一种特定的品质（从父母那里遗传） 20 Skimming 略读 Please find the topic sentences of each paragraph. Pay attention to the first sentence and the last sentence 注意第一句和最后一句 While-reading : 03 00 MINUTES SECONDS 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 4 5 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 : 02 MINUTES SECONDS 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 4 5 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 : 01 MINUTES SECONDS 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 4 5 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 9 8 : 00 MINUTES SECONDS Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you all for coming to this lecture. Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and hope to share my excitement with you today. 女士们，先生们，下午好。谢谢大家来听这个讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证了许多了不起的科学发展，但没有一个能像基因组编辑那样改变游戏规则。我对这一科学进步所带来的可能性充满了兴奋，我希望今天能与你们分享我的兴奋。 输入 内容 输入 内容 para.1 What’s the type of this passage? Who might be the speaker? lecture transcript 讲座记录 biologist/geneticist 生物学家/遗传学家 27 As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. Everything from the color of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes. The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome. 你们很多人可能已经知道，基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。从眼睛的颜色到我们的数学天赋，一切都取决于基因。一个细胞或生物体内的整套基因被称为基因组。 Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus or develop a particular form of cancer. 我们个人的基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。它(基因组）还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。例如，有些人携带一种基因,使他们更容易感染某种病毒或患上某种癌症。 Read paragraph 2 and introduce the genome in your own words. A genome is the complete set of genes of a cell or a living being. It contains various information which determines the characteristics and lifespan of a living being. 基因组是细胞或生物的全部基因。它包含了决定生物特征和寿命的各种信息。 Main Idea Aspects Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. 基因在塑造我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。 The of eyes and of math. Make us and . Helps determine and affects our chances of . colour our talent grow develop lifespan contracting certain diseases Reading for information (para 2) What information does our personal genome carry? 31 Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems. 遗传学家一直试图找出哪些基因与哪些疾病有关，因为他们认为基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的一种有效手段。它允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、刪除或替换遗传物质的特定部分的方式对基因组进行修正。在不久的将来，遗传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。 Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person's vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care. 也许我们很快就能利用这些疗法来恢复盲人的视力，或者让先天性失聪的人拥有敏锐的听力。最终，这项新技术甚至可能通过早期纠正异常基因来预防疾病的发展。基因组编辑作为对抗疾病的新武器，将导致我们的医疗保健方法发生根本性变化。 Read paragraph 3 and answer the question. Because genes are related to diseases, geneticists can use the technology of genome editing to change the specific genetic materials which cause the diseases, thus helping in the fight against diseases. How can genome editing help people fight against diseases? Ways to make changes to the genome: _____________________________________ specific parts of the genetic material. Application in medical fields of : Disease treatment eg. _________________________________________ ____________________________________________ It might even prevent diseases from ever developing by _______________________________. Significance: It will lead to a _____________ change in our ______________________. Correcting, adding, deleting or replacing Disease prevention correcting abnormal genes early on fundamental Reading for information (para 3) How does genome editing help with disease treatment and prevention? Restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing. approach to health care 35 As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately. Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases? Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies? 然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面？我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？ One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent. We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”. 不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育,使他们所有的感官更加敏锐，或使他们更加聪明。我们也将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，创造一些所谓的“定制/编辑婴儿”。 However, is this a good thing? What consequences might it have? Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control. 然而，这是一件好事吗？会有什么后果呢？哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止技术失控。这意味着适当的管制要准备到位/就绪，以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。没有它们,基因组编辑可能会像失控的汽车一样危险。 Read paragraph 4 and answer the question. Genome editing may cause a series of consequences. It may allow geneticists to enhance healthy bodies and even create “designer babies”, both of which can lead to moral condemnations. If the technology cannot be properly controlled and restricted, it may be misused. What consequences will genome editing bring? 1、What is a “designer baby”? A “designer baby” is a baby whose characteristics have been specifically selected before it is born. 2、What dose the lecturer compare uncontrolled genome editing to? A car out of control. Reading for information (para 4) 40 There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing. Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science. Thank you for listening. 在基因组编辑这个主题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。尽管公众对这项技术争论不休，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界内外引起了极大的兴奋。毫无疑问，基因组编辑是科学史上最伟大的创新之一。谢谢大家的聆听。 What is the lecturer’s attitude toward genome editing? Evidence: Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the medical community and beyond. Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. Reading for information (para 5) A. Disapproving (反对) B. Doubtful (怀疑) C. Neutral (中立) D. Supportive (支持) 42 Read the lecture transcript and complete the chart below with the main idea of each paragraph. A1 Introduction Para.1: Genome editing brings many exciting possibilities. Main body Para.2: Para.4 Para.5: Conclusion Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives. Para.3: Genome editing can help with disease treatment and prevention. Many people are concerned about how to use genome editing appropriately. Despite the public argument, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science. 引入话题 展开论述 总结陈述 讲座（lecture）是主讲人向听众传授某方面知识、技巧，或改善某种能力、心态的一种公开、半公开的学习形式。为了在有限的时间内清晰、条理地向听众传递信息，讲座文稿往往遵循特定的结构：引入话题——展开论述——总结陈述。 Read the lecture transcript again carefully and answer the following questions. A2 1 What information does our personal genome carry? It carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. (L9-11) 2 How can geneticists make changes to the genome? By correcting, adding, deleting replacing specific parts of the genetic material. 3 How might genome editing make it possible to prevent diseases from developing? By correcting abnormal genes early on. 4 What is a “designer baby”? A “designer baby” is a baby whose characteristics have been specifically selected before it is born. 5 What does the lecturer compare uncontrolled genome editing to? The lecturer compares it to a car out of control. The News report below is about the discovery of genetic markers that are tied to lifespans. Complete the news report with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below. B1 pace means identify wrestle with cell fundamental affect without doubt This week, a team of scientists based in Switzerland(瑞士) announced the discovery of sixteen genetic markers(遗传标记) that relate to human lifespans. (1) _________________, the discovery is an important finding(研究结果) in the field of(在…领域) genetics. Without doubt For years, scientists have been working to (2) __________ specific genetic markers that are connected with a long lifespan. Until recently, only two such markers were known to the scientific community(科学界). Genes play a critical role in overall health(整体健康). Every (3) _____ in the human body contains genetic information. Everything from the ageing process(衰老过程) to the development of deadly diseases, such as cancer, is tied to(与...密切相关) an individual’s genetic make-up(遗传构成). identify cell However, scientists have long been (4) _________________ the question about which genetic markers indicate(表明，象征) a short or long lifespan. The discovery by the research team may quicken the (5) ______ of the study on genes and human lifespans, and eventually help answer this question. Scientists say that locating(定位) these sixteen genetic markers will greatly improve their understanding of how genes (6) ________ lifespans. pace wrestling with affect These genetic markers may eventually function as a (7) ________ of targeting(针对) the specific genes connected with lifespans. This could significantly(显著地) enhance people’s chances of living to a ripe(成熟) old ages. According to some scientists, it could make a (8) _______________ change to the future of human life. fundamental means The lecture transcript uses a number of words related to “gene”. Look at the examples, think of more word families with a similar pattern and fill in the table below. Suffixes Meanings Words -(t)ics / -(o)logy the study of a subject genetics(遗传学) -(t)ic / -al related to genetic(基因的，遗传的) -ist / -ian a person who studies a subject geneticist(遗传学家) statistics(统计学), economics(经济学), sociology(社会学) economic(经济的), political(政治的), musical(音乐的) physicist(物理学家), politician(政治家), musician(音乐家) B2 What do you think of “designer babies”? Post-reading Discussion Possible answer: Our group are for the designer baby. Because we think that…….. 1. Designer babies can be perfectly healthy. 2. Designer babies can be stronger and cleverer than ordinary babies. 3. Designer babies help further the cause of science. 4. Designer babies may have substantially longer lifespan. 5. Designer babies can maintain a healthy gender ratio, the balance of males and females. ... List of Pros of Designer Babies 1. Designer babies will not be a success story all the time. 2. Designer babies can cause a rift in the social balance. 3. Designer babies would be manufactured so there would be no individuality. ... List of Cons of Designer Babies Lavf58.51.100 $$