Unit 2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

Unit 2 Grammar & usage Passive voice(被动语态) in the past continuous (过去进行时) and past perfect tenses (过去完成时) 西游记中沙僧说得最多的四句话？ 大师兄，师父被妖怪捉走了！ 二师兄，师父被妖怪捉走了！ 大师兄，二师兄被妖怪捉走了！ 大师兄，师父和二师兄被妖怪捉走了！ 什么是语态？ 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明句中主语和谓语关系。 主动语态 被动语态 active voice passive voice 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice) A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 猴子打八戒 八戒被猴子打 The monkey beats Bajie. Bajie is beaten by the monkey. 主语 动作的发出者 谓语 动作 宾语 动作的承受者 主动语态 被动语态 动作的承受者 主语 当一个句子的主语是动作的承受者的时候，我们就可以称这个句子为被动语态 主语 动作 主语 动作 主动语态 被动语态 执行 承受 把字句 被字句 被动语态的基本形式: 助动词be +done 助动词be有人称，数，时态的变化 I am liked by everybody. She_____(be)liked by everybody. They ____________(be) liked by everybody for three years. 注意：只有及物动词才有被动语态 We arrived. We arrived at the airport in that afternoon. is have been 竞聘 01 过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 9 竞聘 过去进行时的被动语态 过去进行时 被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 + = 10 竞聘 过去进行时的被动语态 + = 主语+were/was +doing 主语+be+done 主语+ was/were + being+done be+doing→being 11 Peter's mother was washing dishes. Dishes was being washed by Peter’s mother. 竞聘 过去进行时的被动语态的构成 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问式 特殊疑问式 主语+was/were being done(+其他). 主语+was/were not being done(+其他). Was/Were +主语 +being done? 特殊疑问词+was/were (+主语)+ being done? 13 竞聘 例句 1. Another bridge was being built over the Yangtze River then. 2. The plan was not being carried out well. 3. Was a new library being built in your school just then(当时)? 4. What was being done to protect wildlife? 那时长江上正在建造另一座桥。 那个计划实施得不顺利。 你们学校当时正在建一座新图书馆吗? 为保护野生生物采取了什么措施? 14 竞聘 用法 (1) 表示在过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。 The road was being repaired when I got there. (2)少数及物动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。 Some rock music was being played by them next. 我到那儿的时候，那条路正在维修。 下面将由他们演奏一些摇滚音乐。 15 竞聘 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时 被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 + = 16 竞聘 过去完成时的被动语态 + = 主语+were/was +done 主语+had+done 主语+had+ been+done be+done→been 17 We had studied English for 3 years. English had been studied for 3 years by us. 竞聘 过去完成时的被动语态的构成 肯定式 否定式 主语 +had been done(+其他). 主语 +hadn't been done (+其他). 过去完成时的被动语态的用法 过去完成时的被动语态通常表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 The fire had been put out before the fire fighters arrived. I found the meal hadn't been prepared when I got home. 消防队员到达之前，大火已经被扑灭了。 我到家的时候发现晚餐还没准备好 19 竞聘 特殊句式 (1)用于“It was the first/second/...time that+主语 +had been done ( +其他)”句型中。 It was the first time that the meeting had been held in Zhengzhou. 那是该会议第一次在郑州召开。 (2)在虚拟条件句中,条件从句表示对过去情况的假设时： if+主语+had been done (+其他)。 If I had been invited earlier, I would have gone there. 如果早点儿邀请我的话,我就去那儿了。 20 竞聘 Do you enjoy running? Have you ever thought about running a marathon? 21 竞聘 What do you need to do to prepare for a marathon? Sign up Stay health Training 22 竞聘 01 23 Marathon Full Marathon: 全程马拉松 42.195公里 Half Marathon: 半程马拉松 21.0975公里 Quarter Marathon:四分马拉松10548.25 m 1公里=1000米 return to normal reflect on sth raise money for charity training session feel well prepared a hearty breakfast like never before Useful Expressions in A 回归正常 L3 反思 L3 为慈善筹款 L5 训练课程 L9 感觉已经充分准备 L11 一顿可口的早餐L12 以前从没有过L13 How did Nicole feel after finishing the half-marathon? Show the details. My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved. She felt tired but excited. 竞聘 Nicole wrote a blog post about the city half-marathon she took part in. Find the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and fill in the table below. My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. Despite my lack of running experience, I agreed. In order not to hurt my knees or ankles, I started my training very gently by running just one kilometre on the first day. 27 竞聘 Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training session and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover after each run. Soon I was running distances I had never thought possible. The day of the half-marathon finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast so I knew I could get through to the end. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. I felt really proud of myself, and my friends and I agreed to run in the next city marathon! 28 Read the blog post on page 20 , and find out what Nicole did and fill in the table below. Six weeks ago Over the next six weeks On the day of the city half-marathon Nicole agreed to take part in a city half-marathon for amateurs(业余爱好者). I gradually increased the distance in each training session, and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover. Nicole ran her race relaxed and confident, even though her limits were being tested like never before. Six weeks ago Nicole agreed to ____________ a city half-marathon for __________. Over the past six weeks Nicole _______ her training_____________ on the first day, and gradually ___________________in each training session. On the day of the city half-marathon Nico ran her race_____________________. Read the blog post in part A on page 20 and fill in the following table. take part in amateurs started very gently increased the diatance relaxed and confident Find the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and fill in the table below. Passive voice in the past continuous tense Passive voice in the past perfect tense ... I reflected on what had just been achieved. Exploring the rules ... a city half-marathon was being organized to help... ... even though my limits were being tested like never before. Passive voice in the past continuous tense Form: was/were being done Passive voice in the past perfect tense ... a lot of money had been raised for charity. ... I reflected on what had just been achieved. Form: had been done 竞聘 Nicole wrote a blog post about the city half-marathon she took part in. Find the sentences that use the passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses and fill in the table below. My heart was beating rapidly in my chest as I found a shady place to rest my tired body. My cheeks were red, and I could hear myself breathing heavily as I looked up at the blue sky. When my breathing returned to normal, I reflected on what had just been achieved. Six weeks ago, my friends told me that a city half-marathon for amateurs was being organized to help raise money for charity, and encouraged me to take part. Despite my lack of running experience, I agreed. In order not to hurt my knees or ankles, I started my training very gently by running just one kilometre on the first day. 34 竞聘 Over the next six weeks, I gradually increased the distance I ran in each training session and also made sure to allow my body enough time to rest and recover after each run. Soon I was running distances I had never thought possible. The day of the half-marathon finally arrived and I felt well prepared. I ate a hearty breakfast so I knew I could get through to the end. I ran my race relaxed and confident, even though my limits were being tested like never before. I was happy to learn that a lot of money had been raised for charity. I felt really proud of myself, and my friends and I agreed to run in the next city marathon! 35 Passive voice in the past continuous tense Passive voice in the past perfect tense ... I reflected on what had just been achieved. ... a city half-marathon was being organized to help...(P20 L4-5) ... even though my limits were being tested like never before.(P20 L13) ... a lot of money had been raised for charity.(P20 L13-14) The passive voice in the past continuous tense is used to refer to an action being done at a specific time in the past. The verb form is “(1) _______________________”. The passive voice in the past perfect tense is used to express an action completed before a past time. The verb form is “(2) ______________________”. was/were being done Working out the rules had been done B Applying the rules Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. B 1 Page 21 1. It was an amazing achievement for a player who ________________ (injure) so recently. 2. The swimming pool __________________ (clean) thoroughly(彻底) the day before the competition began. 3. He felt that his talents ___________________(waste) as a basketball player and was eager for a change. had been injured had been cleaned were being wasted B Applying the rules Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. B 1 Page 21 4. Tom was told that his teammate(队友) won the race while he ____________________(treat) by the team doctor. 5. Photos of the riders(骑行者) ________________(take) before they got on their horses. was being treated had been taken 1、This interview(采访) was a follow-up(后续) to the one that ________________ (conduct 进行，实施) two weeks previously(先前地). 2、It was so noisy that I couldn't hear what ________________(say) on the phone. 3、I was still waiting at noon because no message of any kind ___________________(receive). 4、—You took a taxi to the office(办公室) yesterday. Why didn't you drive your car? —Oh, it __________________(repair) because of a flat tyre(轮胎瘪了) had been conducted was being said had been received was being repaired C. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. P64 5、Charles Dickens's novels __________________(make) into many films over the past decades(在过去的几十年中). 6、Despite the efforts made by both sides(双方), the differences were too great and no agreement (共识)_________________ (reach 达成) by the end of the talks. 7、Local residents(当地居民) were relocated(搬迁) to temporary(临时的，短暂的 ) accommodation(住宿，停留处) while the construction work(建设工作) __________________(do). 8、The price of the products went down partly(一定程度的，部分的) because a new technique __________________(introduce引入) to increase production. have been made had been reached was being done had been introduced take one’s place stand in line for inspection look at the scene with satisfaction We were told that ... have a strong constitution word spread that ... be wet with sweat Useful Expressions in B2 占据位置;准备就绪 L4 排队等待检阅 L6 满意地看现场 L6 我们被告知 L10 有强壮的体格 L11 有消息传来… L14 汗湿了 L19 Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 By the time Cathy and I, together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon, arrived at 4:30 a.m., tables (1)_________________ on both sides of the road. Bottles of water and paper cups (2) ____________________to different tables, so Cathy and I immediately went to help. Then, we took our place at the table and quickly started to arrange the bottles and cups so that they looked like an army of soldiers standing in line for inspection. I took a step back, and looked at the scene with satisfaction. For the previous couple of weeks, I (3)____________________ on had been placed were being carried had (been) trained make train blow place carry cheer Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 how to be a volunteer for the half-marathon. I decided to vunlunteer for this year's half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee visited my school. We were told that the competitors would be raising money for charity, and while I didn't feel that I had a strong constitution to run that far, I thought the next best thing would be to help those who could. After all the preparations (4)_____________________, the exciting half-marathon began. Cathy and I waited patiently until make train blow place carry cheer had been made Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs. B 2 word spread that the first runners would be arriving soon. As the tired, thirsty runners ran along, they (5)___________________ by the crowds. Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them. After the last runner passed, I found paper cups and plastic bottles everywhere. The litter (6)________________ around by the wind as I bent over to pick up a plastic bottle. Cathy and I started clearing up. We were tired and wet with sweat but it felt really good to know that we had been able to help others. make train blow place carry cheer were being cheered was being blown 竞聘 SEE YOU NEXT TIME 46 Lavf59.27.100 Bilibili VXCode Swarm Transcoder v1.0.15 $$