专题01 名词、代词、数词和易错点-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（冀教版2024）

专题01 名词、冠词、代词和易错点 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 名词 代词 数词 名词 ( 考点一 名词 复数 ) （1）规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 ________ cake—________bag—________student—________ bed—________ 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等结尾的词 ________ bus—________box—________　watch—________ 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 ________ baby—________city—________　country—________lady—________ 以元音字母加-y结尾的词 ________ toy—________　monkey—________ 以f(fe)结尾的词 ________ leaf—________wolf—________　life—________ 以-ce,-se,-ze,-(d)ge等结尾的词 ________ face—________　orange—________ （2）不规则变化： 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/________, woman/________, policeman/________, Englishman/________, Frenchman/________ oo变ee式 tooth/________, foot/________, goose/________ 词尾加-ren child/________ 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 1．—What do you want to buy in the mall? —Four ________ and ________. A．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomatoes B．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomato C．carton of milk; two kilos of tomatoes D．carton of milk; two kilos of tomato 2．All the girl students and ________ at our school will receive flowers on Women’s Day. A．woman teacher B．women teacher C．woman teachers D．women teachers 思路点拨： 1.考查名词的数。cartons of milk多盒牛奶；two kilos of tomatoes两公斤西红柿。根据空前数词 four 可知，此处需用可数名词“carton”的复数形式 cartons，milk为不可数名词。数词 two 后需接可数名词“kilo”的复数形式 kilos。tomatoes为可数名词 ， 需用复数形式 tomatoes。故选A。 2.考查复合名词的复数形式。woman teacher“女教师”，All后跟名词复数，故空处指“女教师们”，其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式，其复数形式为women teachers。故选D。 · 答案1. A 2. D ( 考点二 名词 所有格 ) 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 【初中考点用to情况】： the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 the ticket to....门票 the way to 去...的路上 1．—Is the room only for Amy? —No, it’s ________. A．Amy’s and her sister’s B．Amy’s and her sister C．Amy and her sister D．Amy and her sister’s 2．That’s _________ bedroom. They share the same bedroom. A．Lucy’s and Lily’s B．Lucy and Lily C．Lucy’s and Lily D．Lucy and Lily’s 思路点拨： 1.考查名词所有格。根据“No”并结合选项可知，房间为两人共有的，所以只在后一人名字后面加’s。故选D。 2.考查所有格。Lucy’s and Lily’s露西的和莉莉的；Lucy and Lily露西和莉莉； Lucy’s and Lily露西的和莉莉； Lucy and Lily’s露西和莉莉的。根据“They share the same bedroom.”可知，她们共享一间卧室，因此表示两个人共同的。故选D。 · 答案1. D 2. D 1．（24-25七年级上·河北保定·期末）Tomorrow is ________. Let’s buy some flowers for our teacher. A．Teachers’ Day B．Women’s Day C．the Spring Festival D．the Mid-Autumn Festival 2．（23-24七年级上·河北保定·期末）From Xiong’an New Area to Beijing, it’s about two ________ drive. A．hour B．hours C．hours’ D．hour’s 3．（23-24七年级下·河北保定·期末）________ father is a teacher. He is nice to every student. A．Lily and Tom’s B．Lily’s and Tom C．Lily’s and Tom’s D．Lily and Tom 4．（23-24年级上·河北石家庄·期末）I have some ________ and an ________ for breakfast. A．egg; bread B．eggs; bread C．bread; egg D．bread; eggs 5．（23-24七年级上·河北唐山·期末）I want to have two ________ and ________ milk. A．tomato; one B．tomatoes; some C．tomatoes; one D．tomato; some 6．（23-24七年级上·河北沧州·期末）Mrs. Green buys some ________ and three ________ for lunch. A．chicken; tomatoes B．chicken; tomato C．chickens; tomato D．chickens; tomatoes 7．（22-23七年级下·河北廊坊·期末）We have ________ in my class. A．twenty one girls B．twenty one girl C．twenty-one girl D．twenty-one girls 8．（22-23七年级上·河北邢台·期末）—What can I do for you? —Yes. I would like ________ and ________. A．two kilo of pears, three bottles of milk B．two kilos of pear, three bottles of milks C．two kilos of pears, three bottles of milk D．two kilos of pears, three bottle of milk 9．（22-23七年级上·河北石家庄·期末）Sam eats too much ________. He doesn’t eat any ________. A．chickens; vegetables B．vegetable; chickens C．chicken; vegetables D．vegetables; chicken 10．（22-23七年级上·河北邯郸·期末）Look at the man over there! He is ________ father. A．Jim’s and Tim’s B．Jim’s and Tim C．Jim and Tim’s D．Jim and Tim 真题感知 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 3．（2024·河北邢台·三模）Tom is very helpful and often gives me ________ on how to improve my Math. A．an advice B．some advice C．some suggestion D．advise 4．（2024·河北承德·二模）I was told that two ________ teachers would teach us English and chemistry next term. A．woman B．women C．woman’s D．women’s 5．（2024·河北承德·二模）These new friends of ________ are supposed to be very rich. A．she B．her C．hers D．him 代词 ( 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 ) 1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词构成如下： 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I ________ ________ ________ ________ 复数 we ________ ________ ________ ________ 第二人称 单数 you ________ ________ ________ ________ 复数 you ________ ________ ________ ________ 第三人称 单数 he ________ ________ ________ ________ she ________ ________ ________ ________ it ________ ________ ________ ________ 复数 they ________ ________ ________ ________ 【拓展】 带有反身代词的常用短语 ________oneself过得愉快 ________oneself to随便吃…… ________oneself打扮自己 ________sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 ________... by oneself自学…… ________to oneself苏醒 ________oneself亲自 ________oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 1．—Jack, my grandmother learns things very fast! ________ can make short videos on Tik Tok. —Sounds great! A．He B．She C．Him D．Her 2．Miss Wang is a good teacher. She teaches ________ how to tell China’s stories well in English. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 3．All the ________ teachers enjoy ________ on March 8th, because it is their own holiday. A．woman; them B．woman; themselves C．women: themselves D．women; them 思路点拨：1.考查人称代词。He他，主格；She她，主格；Him他，宾格；Her她，宾格。根据“can make short videos on Tik Tok.”可知，此处要用人称代词主格，在句中作主语，结合“my grandmother learns things very fast!”可知，应用she。故选B。 2.考查代词辨析。we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。此处作为动词teach的宾语，用宾格形式，故选B。 3.考查名词复数及代词用法。woman妇女，名词单数；women妇女，名词复数；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己。woman作定语修饰名词，变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数，故排除选项A和B；enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”，固定搭配。故选C。 · 答案1. B 2.B 3. C ( 考点二 易混不定代词辨析 ) 序号 不定代词 用法 例句 1 some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books. Would you like some milk?　 any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree? There aren’t any buses. 2 both 表示“两者都”。 Tom’s parents are both doctors. all 表示“三者或三者以上都”。 All of the books are very interesting. 3 many 修饰可数名词复数。 There are many books on the desk. much 修饰不可数名词。 I have much homework to do. 4 few 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here. a few 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket. little 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.　 a little 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left. 5 other 泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。 Do you have any other ideas?　 the other 指“两者中的另一个”。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.　 another 指“三者或以上中的另一个”。 Would you like another cup of tea? others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum. the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese. 1．―I am so thirsty. Can I have ________ drinks? —There ________ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it? A．some; is a little B．any; are some C．any; is some D．some; are a few 2．—Which blouse do you want to buy? —I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother, and ________ is for my sister. A．other B．another C．the other D．the others 3．Some kids are unhealthy because they eat ________ vegetables but much meat. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 4．—________ Tommy and his parents ________ the film A little red flower? —Yes, ________ of them think it’s a beautiful story. A． Does; enjoy; all B．Are; interested in; all C．Do; enjoy; each D．Are; interested in; both 5．Jack, come to my office! I have __________ to tell you. A．important something B．nothing important C．something important D．important anything 思路点拨： 1.考查be动词和代词辨析。some一些，用于期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词；any任何，常用于疑问句和否定句中；is是，主语是单数；are是，主语是复数；a little一点，用于修饰不可数名词；a few一点，用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。分析“Can I have...drinks?”可知，该句是一个期望得到肯定回答的疑问句，所以第一空应用some，故排除选项B和C；第二空后的apple juice是不可数名词，结合剩余选项可知，第二空应用is a little。故选A。 2.考查代词用法。other其他的，其后跟名词复数；another指三者或以上中的另一个；the other指两者中的另一个；the others等于“the other +复数名词”，指某一范围内的其他的(人或物)。根据“I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother”可知，此处指的是两者中的另一件。故选C。 3.考查代词辨析。a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据“Some kids are unhealthy because they eat...”可知他们不健康，因为他们几乎不吃蔬菜，修饰可数名词复数vegetables用few。故选B。 4.考查主谓一致和不定代词。each（两个或两个以上的人或物中）各自；both两者都；all（三者或三者以上）都。问句的主语Tommy and his parents为复数，因此排除A选项。根据“think”可知，第三空排除C选项；them指代Tommy and his parents，三者，所以第三空又排除D选项。故选B。 5.考查复合不定代词的用法。something一些事情(常用于肯定句)；anything任何事情(常用于疑问句和否定句)，且形容词作定语时，需要后置。根据“I have...to tell you.”可知此处是肯定句。故选C。 · 答案1. A 2. C 3. B 4.B 5.C 1．（23-24七年级下·河北唐山·期末）My brother and I are excited, because our grandparents are coming to see ________. A．me B．us C．him D．her 2．（23-24七年级下·河北保定·期末）My boy, you should make your bed by ________. A．myself B．yourself C．itself D．herself 3．（22-23七年级下·河北保定·期末）You are twelve years old. You should learn to look after ________. A．me B．myself C．you D．yourself 4．（22-23七年级下·河北石家庄·期末）—Would you like some ________ in your tea? —Oh, yes, ________, please. A．candies; few B．milk; a few C．milk; a little D．ice-cream; little 5．（22-23七年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）You like pandas. What ________ animals do you like? A．others B．other C．the other D．another 6．（22-23七年级下·河北邢台·期末）—Susan, there is ________ milk and ________ cakes at home. Would you like to go shopping with me? —Sure, mom. Let’s go. A．few; little B．little; few C．a little; few D．little; a few 7．（22-23七年级上·河北邢台·期末）—________ the man over there? Is he your English teacher? —No, he’s ________. A．Who’s; them B．Who’s; theirs C．Whose; they D．Whose; their 8．（22-23七年级下·河北承德·期末）The bread is on the table. Help ________, Jack. A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself 9．（22-23七年级下·全国·单元测试）The girl is too young to look after ________. You shouldn’t leave her at home ________. A．hers; alone B．herself, alone C．herself, lonely D．her, lonely 真题感知 1．（2024·河北·中考真题）—Mary, is this your sister’s smartwatch? —No, ________ is pink. A．his B．mine C．hers D．yours 2．（2021·河北·中考真题）This isn’t my dictionary. ________ is over there, on the desk. A．His B．Mine C．Hers D．Yours 3．（2024·河北石家庄·模拟预测）As middle school students, we should have thoughts by ________. A．ourselves B．yourself C．themselves D．himself 4．（2024·河北邢台·三模）I love my country as you love ________. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 5．（2024·河北沧州·三模）Kate is brave. And ________ can prevent her from moving forward. A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 6．（2024·河北邯郸·二模）—What would you like, Michael? —Coffee. To get refreshed,  ________ is better than a cup of coffee. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 7．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Don’t fix your problems. Fix your thinking. Then the problems will fix ________. A．you B．yourselves C．them D．themselves 数词 ( 考点一 基数词 ) 用法 例子 句 法 功 能 主语 It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. The first day of May is International Labour Day. 宾语 It is worth three hundred. He was among the first to arrive. 定语 There are only three boys in the class. May is the fifth month of a year. 表示事物编号 No. Ten Middle School, Lesson One 表示年代 in the 1890s 表示年、月、日 On May 1st,2008 表示分数 分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如：one third, five sixths 表 示 时 间 整点 Tom often gets up at six in the morning.　 与汉语 顺序相同 4:25four twenty-five 6:30six thirty 几点过几分 at twenty past six, at a quarter past eleven 差几分到 几点 at five to six, at twenty-nine to ten 1．Kites have a long history. The Chinese began to make kites over __________ years ago. A．two thousands B．two thousand C．two thousand of D．two thousands of 2．The river is ________. A．100 meter long B．100-meter-long C．100 meters’ long D．100 meters long 3．—________ did you get to the bus stop, Millie? — Oh, about 5 minutes ago. I think I need to wait for ________ minutes. A．How long; five more B．When; five more C．How long; more five D．When; five another 4．Which is the right way to read the time “7:15”? A．seven fifty B．a quarter to seven C．half past seven D．a quarter past seven 思路点拨： 1.考查数词的表达。thousand表示确切数字时，不用复数形式，也不与of连用；但表示概数时，必须使用复数形式，而且要与of连用。因此此处用two thousand。故选B。 2.考查长度的表达。表示长度时，用结构：基数词+单位词的复数+形容词，故100米长的英文表达为100 meters long。故选D。 3.考查特殊疑问句和more/another的用法。How long多久，提问时间段；When什么时候，提问时间点；more更多的或附加的人或事物；another又一个。根据“Oh, about 5 minutes ago.”可知，此处指时间点，使用When提问；another位于数词的前面，another five minutes“另外5分钟”，故选B。 4.考查时间表达法。seven fifty7:50；a quarter to seven6:55；half past seven7:30；a quarter past seven7:15。a quarter past seven是七点过一刻，即：7:15，因此D选项是正确的表达方式。故选D。 · 答案1. B 2. D 3.B 4.D ( 考点二 序数词 ) (1)构成 序数词 构成 1～3 first、second、third 4～19 一般在基数词词尾加th构成。特殊：fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth 20～90整十 先将基数词词尾y变成ie，再加th，如twenty→twentieth 两位数或多位数(整数除外) 其他位数不变，仅将个位数变成序数词，如twenty one→twenty first 【记忆口诀】 基变序，有规律，一二三特殊记，结尾字母t、d、d；其余词尾加th，其中例外用心记； 八去t，九去e，ve要用f替(eighth、ninth、fifth、twelfth)； 若以y来结尾，就用ie把y去(twentieth)！不论几百几十几，个位变化就可以。 2. the+序数词“第几次”；a +序数词 “又一次” ：a second chance又一次机会 注意：the 前面有物主代词/名词所有格，去the → this is my the first time..... 1．Rain Water is in February, the ___________ month of the year. A．two B．second C．three D．third 2．Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a ________ try. A．five B．third C．sixth D．fifth 3．My mother will be ________ years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her ________ birthday. A．fourty; fourtieth B．forty; fortieth C．fourty; fortieth D．forty; fourtieth · 思路点拨： 1.考查序数词的用法。two二，基数词；second第二，序数词；three三，基数词；third第三，序数词。根据“Rain Water is in February, the...month of the year”可知二月是一年中的第二个月，表示顺序用序数词second。故选B。 2.考查数词。five五，基数词；third第三，序数词；sixth第六，序数词；fifth第五，序数词。根据“Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a...”可知已经失败了四次，所以要做第五次尝试，应用序数词表示顺序。故选D。 3.考查数词。forty四十；fortieth第四十；第一空是年龄的表达，结构是“基数词+years old”，所以第一空用基数词，而A和C选项拼写错误，故排除A和C选项；第二空表达的是“第……岁生日”，应用序数词表示，D选项拼写错误，故选B。 · 答案1. B 2. D 3. B 1．（22-23七年级下·河北保定·期末）Mr. Scott bought the mascot Bing Dwen Dwen for his son’s ________ birthday. A．the twelve B．twelve C．twelfth D．the twelfth 2．（22-23七年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）She has ________ books in her room. She is interested in reading. A．three hundreds and twenty-five B．three hundred and twenty-five C．three hundreds and twenty five D．three hundred and twenty five 3．（22-23七年级下·重庆秀山·期末）Tony is thirteen years old. Today is his ________ birthday. A．thirteen B．thirteenth C．fourteen D．fourteenth 4．（22-23七年级下·陕西西安·期末）I have a _________ sister, she goes to school _________ school bus. A．9-year-old, by B．9 years old, by C．9-year-old, on D．9 years old, on 真题感知 1．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）June is the ________ month of a year. A．fifth B．sixth C．seventh D．eighth 2．（2023·甘肃武威·中考真题）—What’s thirty and ten? —It’s ________. A．forty B．fifty C．seventy D．eighty 3．（2023·河北邯郸·一模）In his ______, Mr. Li returned to his hometown and began to plant trees. A．forty B．forties C．fortieth D．fourteen 4．（2023·河北秦皇岛·一模）—How many students are there in your class? —Fifty. ________ of them ________ football. A．Two third, likes B．Two three, like C．Two thirds, likes D．Two thirds, like 5．（2022·河北承德·模拟预测）There are _________ of students on the playground, and five _________ girls in them. A．hundred, hundred B．hundreds, hundred C．hundred, hundreds D．hundreds, hundreds 易错点（6个） 考点1 辨析borrow，lend与keep 三者都可以表示“借”的意思，但用法不同： (1)borrow和lend这两个词都是短暂性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。borrow意为“借；借用”，表示向别人借东西，常与介词from连用；lend意为“借给；借出”，表示把东西借给别人，常与介词to连用。 (2)keep意为“保留；保持”，是延续性动词，通常表示“借某物多长时间”，可以与“for＋一段时间”或“how long”连用。 —May I ________ your bike? —Certainly，but you mustn't ________ it to others.And you can only ke 考点2辨析forget to do sth.与forget doing sth. 用法 含义 例句 forget to do sth. “忘记去做某事”，还未做 I forgot to lock the door after school yesterday.昨天放学后我忘了锁门。 forget doing sth. “忘记做过某事”，已做 I forgot locking the door after school yesterday.我忘记昨天放学已锁过门了。 【归纳拓展】(1)forget的反义词为remember，其用法与forget相似：remember to do sth.记得要去做某事；remember doing sth.记得做过某事。 (2)当表示“把某物忘在某处”时，用leave。 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1．I'm sorry.I forgot ________(do) my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon? 2．Don't you remember ________(meet) the man before? 考点3 enough的常见用法 用法 示例 作形容词时，置于名词前、后均可(但以前置多见) enough time足够的时间 作副词时，置于所修饰的形容词、副词之后 beautiful enough足够漂亮quietly enough足够安静 【归纳拓展】not…enough to do sth.常与too…to…和so…that…进行句型转换。如： Tom isn't old enough to do housework. →Tom is too young to do housework. →Tom is so young that he can't do housework. 单项选择。 ( )1.It was ________ for us to solve the math problem.Few of us could even understand it. A．easy enough B．enough easy C．difficult enough D．enough difficult ( )2.Cathy checked her paper________so that she could get good grades this time. A．careful enough B．enough careful C．enough carefully D．carefully enough 考点4辨析dress，wear，put on与(be) in 词汇 用法 dress 意为“给……穿衣”，后面通常接人。常用搭配为：dress sb./oneself给某人/自己穿衣服；get dressed穿好衣服；be dressed in穿着某种衣服；dress up装扮；乔装打扮 wear 意为“穿着；戴着”，强调状态，用于穿衣/鞋、戴帽子/手套、佩戴首饰等 put on 意为“戴上；穿上”，强调动作，宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽；宾语若为代词，必须放在put和on之间 (be) in 意为“穿着……”，强调状态，多接衣服或颜色，通常可以和wear互换使用 用 wear，put on，dress或in填空。 1．The little boy likes ________ hats. 2．He's too young to dress himself. 3．The sunlight is too strong.You'd better ________your sunglasses when you go out. 4．Do you know the girl ________a red dress? 5．You're late！________your clothes quickly and set off! And you can have your breakfast on the way. 考点5辨析how many与how much 短语 含义 用法 示例 how many 多少 修饰可数名词复数 how many apples多少苹果 how much 多少 修饰不可数名词 how much milk多少牛奶 多少钱 相当于how much money How much is the skirt？这条短裙多少钱？ 用How many或How much填空。 1．—Jack，your jacket is very nice.________________ is it?—150 yuan. 2．—________________ storybooks do you have，Linda?—Four. 根据汉语意思完成句子。 3．做香蕉奶昔你需要多少牛奶？ ________________ milk do you need to make a banana milk shake? 考点6 would like意为“想要”，相当于want，但比want语气委婉。 可用于任何人称，没有人称和数的变化，常与前面的主语一起缩写为“'d like”。同义短语为feel like，后接v.­ing形式。 【归纳拓展】would like的常用句型及回答： (1)Would you like sth.？你想要某物吗？ 肯定回答：Yes，please./OK./All right. 否定回答：No，thanks. (2)Would you like to do sth.？你想/愿意做某事吗？ 肯定回答：Yes，I'd like/love to. 否定回答：I'd love to，but… 单项选择。 ( )1.Teachers' Day is coming.I would like ________ some flowers for our English teacher. A．buy B．buys C．to buy D．buying ( )2.—Would you like to visit Hebei Museum(河北博物馆) with us? —________.I have to study for my English exam at home. A．I'm afraid not B．Enjoy yourself C．Yes，I can D．No，I couldn't 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 名词、冠词、代词和易错点 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 名词 代词 数词 名词 ( 考点一 名词 复数 ) （1）规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s cake—cakes bag—bags student—students bed—beds 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等结尾的词 加-es bus—buses　box—boxes　watch—watches 以辅音字母加-y结尾的词 变y为i,再加-es baby—babies city—cities　country—countries lady—ladies 以元音字母加-y结尾的词 加-s toy—toys　monkey—monkeys 以f(fe)结尾的词 变f(fe)为ves leaf—leaves　wolf—wolves　life—lives 以-ce,-se,-ze,-(d)ge等结尾的词 加-s face—faces　orange—oranges （2）不规则变化： 单复数同形 sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish 把a改为e man/men, woman/women, policeman/policemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen oo变ee式 tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese 词尾加-ren child/children 只有复数式 trousers, clothes, glasses, congratulations, pants, scissors, gloves 1．—What do you want to buy in the mall? —Four ________ and ________. A．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomatoes B．cartons of milk; two kilos of tomato C．carton of milk; two kilos of tomatoes D．carton of milk; two kilos of tomato 2．All the girl students and ________ at our school will receive flowers on Women’s Day. A．woman teacher B．women teacher C．woman teachers D．women teachers 思路点拨： 1.考查名词的数。cartons of milk多盒牛奶；two kilos of tomatoes两公斤西红柿。根据空前数词 four 可知，此处需用可数名词“carton”的复数形式 cartons，milk为不可数名词。数词 two 后需接可数名词“kilo”的复数形式 kilos。tomatoes为可数名词 ， 需用复数形式 tomatoes。故选A。 2.考查复合名词的复数形式。woman teacher“女教师”，All后跟名词复数，故空处指“女教师们”，其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式，其复数形式为women teachers。故选D。 · 答案1. A 2. D ( 考点二 名词 所有格 ) 有生命的名词单数 在词尾加“'s” Lucy's cat 有生命的名词复数 (1)以-s结尾加“'” the teachers' office (2)不以-s结尾的加“'s” her children's homework 表示两者或多者共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加“'s” Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌) 表示两者或多者各自拥有 各名词后都要加上“'s” Jim's and Sam's bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车) 表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词 单数加“'s” an hour's walk 复数加“'” ten minutes' walk 双重所有格 of +'s所有格 two students of Mr. Wu's of +名词性物主代词 a friend of mine of+one's own a house of my own 【初中考点用to情况】： the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 the ticket to....门票 the way to 去...的路上 1．—Is the room only for Amy? —No, it’s ________. A．Amy’s and her sister’s B．Amy’s and her sister C．Amy and her sister D．Amy and her sister’s 2．That’s _________ bedroom. They share the same bedroom. A．Lucy’s and Lily’s B．Lucy and Lily C．Lucy’s and Lily D．Lucy and Lily’s 思路点拨： 1.考查名词所有格。根据“No”并结合选项可知，房间为两人共有的，所以只在后一人名字后面加’s。故选D。 2.考查所有格。Lucy’s and Lily’s露西的和莉莉的；Lucy and Lily露西和莉莉； Lucy’s and Lily露西的和莉莉； Lucy and Lily’s露西和莉莉的。根据“They share the same bedroom.”可知，她们共享一间卧室，因此表示两个人共同的。故选D。 · 答案1. D 2. D 1．（24-25七年级上·河北保定·期末）Tomorrow is ________. Let’s buy some flowers for our teacher. A．Teachers’ Day B．Women’s Day C．the Spring Festival D．the Mid-Autumn Festival 【答案】A 【详解】句意：明天是教师节，让我们给我们的老师买一些花吧。 考查特定节日及其意义的判断。Teachers’ Day教师节；Women’s Day妇女节；the Spring Festival春节；the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节。根据“Let’s buy some flowers for our teacher.”可知，句中表述建议给老师买花，表明这个节日与教师相关的特别日子有关系。选项A“Teachers’ Day”意为“教师节”符合语境。故选A。 2．（23-24七年级上·河北保定·期末）From Xiong’an New Area to Beijing, it’s about two ________ drive. A．hour B．hours C．hours’ D．hour’s 【答案】C 【详解】句意：从雄安新区到北京，大约两个小时的车程。 考查名词所有格。此处表示“两个小时的车程”，且hours为可数名词，用其所有格形式hours’ ，two hours’ drive“两小时的车程”。故选C。 3．（23-24七年级下·河北保定·期末）________ father is a teacher. He is nice to every student. A．Lily and Tom’s B．Lily’s and Tom C．Lily’s and Tom’s D．Lily and Tom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：莉莉和汤姆的父亲是一名教师。他对每个学生都很好。 考查名词所有格。根据空后的“father”为名词单数形式及语境可知，此处表示两者共同所有，只在最后一个人的名字后加’s，A项正确。故选A。 4．（23-24年级上·河北石家庄·期末）I have some ________ and an ________ for breakfast. A．egg; bread B．eggs; bread C．bread; egg D．bread; eggs 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我早餐吃一些面包和一个鸡蛋。 考查名词的数。bread“面包”，不可数名词，没有复数形式；egg“鸡蛋”是可数名词，其复数形式是eggs，根据“an”可知，后面接可数名词单数形式，所以是an egg；some后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词，此处接不可数名词bread。故选C。 5．（23-24七年级上·河北唐山·期末）I want to have two ________ and ________ milk. A．tomato; one B．tomatoes; some C．tomatoes; one D．tomato; some 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想吃两个西红柿和一些牛奶。 考查名词的用法。tomato西红柿，单数形式；tomatoes，复数形式；one一；some一些。根据第一个空前的“two”可知，此处用复数形式tomatoes；根据第二个空后的“milk”为不可数名词可知，此处用some。故选B。 6．（23-24七年级上·河北沧州·期末）Mrs. Green buys some ________ and three ________ for lunch. A．chicken; tomatoes B．chicken; tomato C．chickens; tomato D．chickens; tomatoes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：格林夫人为午餐买了一些鸡肉和三个西红柿。 考查名词的数。chicken作“鸡肉”讲，不可数名词；作“鸡”讲，可数名词；tomato西红柿，可数名词。根据“for lunch.”可知午餐买的应该是鸡肉，some后接chicken原形，three后接可数名词复数。故选A。 7．（22-23七年级下·河北廊坊·期末）We have ________ in my class. A．twenty one girls B．twenty one girl C．twenty-one girl D．twenty-one girls 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们班有21个女生。 考查数词表达和名词复数。表示“21”应用twenty-one，排除AB；修饰可数名词girl，girl应用复数，故选D。 8．（22-23七年级上·河北邢台·期末）—What can I do for you? —Yes. I would like ________ and ________. A．two kilo of pears, three bottles of milk B．two kilos of pear, three bottles of milks C．two kilos of pears, three bottles of milk D．two kilos of pears, three bottle of milk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我能帮你做什么吗？——是的。我想要两公斤梨，三瓶牛奶。 考查可数名词与不可数名词。根据题干可知，two kilos of “两公斤的……”，后面若接可数名词，要用名词复数，故pear需要用复数；milk为不可数名词，没有复数形式，three bottles of “三瓶……”，故three bottles of milk表示“三瓶牛奶”。故选C。 9．（22-23七年级上·河北石家庄·期末）Sam eats too much ________. He doesn’t eat any ________. A．chickens; vegetables B．vegetable; chickens C．chicken; vegetables D．vegetables; chicken 【答案】C 【详解】句意：山姆吃太多鸡肉了。他不吃任何蔬菜。chicken鸡肉，不可数名词；vegetable蔬菜，可数名词，复数形式vegetables。too much后跟不可数名词，any后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词，故选C。 10．（22-23七年级上·河北邯郸·期末）Look at the man over there! He is ________ father. A．Jim’s and Tim’s B．Jim’s and Tim C．Jim and Tim’s D．Jim and Tim 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看那边的那个人！他是吉姆和蒂姆的父亲。 考查名词所有格。Jim’s and Tim’s吉姆的和蒂姆的，指的是两人分别拥有的；Jim’s and Tim为错误形式；Jim and Tim’s吉姆和蒂姆的，指的是两人共同拥有的；Jim and Tim吉姆和蒂姆。根据“He is…father.”可知，He作主语，系动词为单数is，空后为名词father，为单数形式，此处指的是两人共同的父亲，应在第二个人名后加’s，空处应填Jim and Tim’s。故选C。 真题感知 1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时，变为复数时，需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数；hero的复数是heroes，因此women heroes符合句意，故选B。 2．（2024·西藏·中考真题）________ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。 考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father，应用名词所有格，排除B选项；father是单数，此处表示两个人共同的父亲，在最后一个人名后加’s，故选A。 3．（2024·河北邢台·三模）Tom is very helpful and often gives me ________ on how to improve my Math. A．an advice B．some advice C．some suggestion D．advise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆很乐于助人，经常给我一些关于如何提高数学水平的建议。 考查可数名词与不可数名词的复数形式。advice建议，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；advise建议，动词。根据语境可知，此处是经常给我一些建议，give sb sth表示“给某人某物”，空处需填名词复数或不可数名词，排除A和D，又因suggestion为可数名词，some后需用复数形式suggestions，排除C。故选B。 4．（2024·河北承德·二模）I was told that two ________ teachers would teach us English and chemistry next term. A．woman B．women C．woman’s D．women’s 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有人告诉我下学期将有两位女老师教我们英语和化学。 考查复合名词的复数。“man/woman+名词”构成的复合名词，两个词都要变成复数，women teachers“女老师”。故选B。 5．（2024·河北承德·二模）These new friends of ________ are supposed to be very rich. A．she B．her C．hers D．him 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她的这些新朋友应该很有钱。 考查代词辨析。she她，主格；her她，宾格/她的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；him他，宾格。根据“These new friends of...are supposed to be very rich.”可知，此处应选择名词性物主代词构成双重所有格，故选C。 代词 ( 考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 ) 1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词构成如下： 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 【拓展】 带有反身代词的常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to随便吃…… dress oneself打扮自己 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 learn... by oneself自学…… come to oneself苏醒 by oneself亲自 hurt oneself伤到某人自己；伤害自己 1．—Jack, my grandmother learns things very fast! ________ can make short videos on Tik Tok. —Sounds great! A．He B．She C．Him D．Her 2．Miss Wang is a good teacher. She teaches ________ how to tell China’s stories well in English. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 3．All the ________ teachers enjoy ________ on March 8th, because it is their own holiday. A．woman; them B．woman; themselves C．women: themselves D．women; them 思路点拨：1.考查人称代词。He他，主格；She她，主格；Him他，宾格；Her她，宾格。根据“can make short videos on Tik Tok.”可知，此处要用人称代词主格，在句中作主语，结合“my grandmother learns things very fast!”可知，应用she。故选B。 2.考查代词辨析。we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。此处作为动词teach的宾语，用宾格形式，故选B。 3.考查名词复数及代词用法。woman妇女，名词单数；women妇女，名词复数；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己。woman作定语修饰名词，变复数时前后两个名词都变成复数，故排除选项A和B；enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”，固定搭配。故选C。 · 答案1. B 2.B 3. C ( 考点二 易混不定代词辨析 ) 序号 不定代词 用法 例句 1 some 用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句中。 Tom has some story books. Would you like some milk?　 any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中。 Are there any apples on the tree? There aren’t any buses. 2 both 表示“两者都”。 Tom’s parents are both doctors. all 表示“三者或三者以上都”。 All of the books are very interesting. 3 many 修饰可数名词复数。 There are many books on the desk. much 修饰不可数名词。 I have much homework to do. 4 few 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰可数名词。 He has few friends here. a few 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰可数名词。 There are a few apples in the basket. little 表“否定”，是“几乎没有”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 There is little water in the bottle.　 a little 表“肯定”，是“有一点”的意思，修饰不可数名词。 Don’t worry. There is a little time left. 5 other 泛指其他的，修饰复数名词。 Do you have any other ideas?　 the other 指“两者中的另一个”。 I have two books. One is Chinese, the other is English.　 another 指“三者或以上中的另一个”。 Would you like another cup of tea? others 泛指其他的人或物。 Some went to the park,others visited the museum. the others 特指其余的所有人或物。 Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese. 1．―I am so thirsty. Can I have ________ drinks? —There ________ apple juice in the fridge. Do you want it? A．some; is a little B．any; are some C．any; is some D．some; are a few 2．—Which blouse do you want to buy? —I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother, and ________ is for my sister. A．other B．another C．the other D．the others 3．Some kids are unhealthy because they eat ________ vegetables but much meat. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 4．—________ Tommy and his parents ________ the film A little red flower? —Yes, ________ of them think it’s a beautiful story. A． Does; enjoy; all B．Are; interested in; all C．Do; enjoy; each D．Are; interested in; both 5．Jack, come to my office! I have __________ to tell you. A．important something B．nothing important C．something important D．important anything 思路点拨： 1.考查be动词和代词辨析。some一些，用于期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词；any任何，常用于疑问句和否定句中；is是，主语是单数；are是，主语是复数；a little一点，用于修饰不可数名词；a few一点，用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。分析“Can I have...drinks?”可知，该句是一个期望得到肯定回答的疑问句，所以第一空应用some，故排除选项B和C；第二空后的apple juice是不可数名词，结合剩余选项可知，第二空应用is a little。故选A。 2.考查代词用法。other其他的，其后跟名词复数；another指三者或以上中的另一个；the other指两者中的另一个；the others等于“the other +复数名词”，指某一范围内的其他的(人或物)。根据“I’ll buy both of them. One is for my mother”可知，此处指的是两者中的另一件。故选C。 3.考查代词辨析。a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据“Some kids are unhealthy because they eat...”可知他们不健康，因为他们几乎不吃蔬菜，修饰可数名词复数vegetables用few。故选B。 4.考查主谓一致和不定代词。each（两个或两个以上的人或物中）各自；both两者都；all（三者或三者以上）都。问句的主语Tommy and his parents为复数，因此排除A选项。根据“think”可知，第三空排除C选项；them指代Tommy and his parents，三者，所以第三空又排除D选项。故选B。 5.考查复合不定代词的用法。something一些事情(常用于肯定句)；anything任何事情(常用于疑问句和否定句)，且形容词作定语时，需要后置。根据“I have...to tell you.”可知此处是肯定句。故选C。 · 答案1. A 2. C 3. B 4.B 5.C 1．（23-24七年级下·河北唐山·期末）My brother and I are excited, because our grandparents are coming to see ________. A．me B．us C．him D．her 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我哥哥和我都很兴奋，因为我们的祖父母要来看我们。 考查人称代词宾格。me我；us我们；him他；her她。根据“My brother and I are excited”可知，主语是My brother and I，复数形式，对应宾格应用us“我们”。故选B。 2．（23-24七年级下·河北保定·期末）My boy, you should make your bed by ________. A．myself B．yourself C．itself D．herself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的孩子，你应该自己铺床。 考查代词辨析。myself我自己；yourself你自己；itself它自己；herself她自己。主语是“you”，反身代词需用yourself。故选B。 3．（22-23七年级下·河北保定·期末）You are twelve years old. You should learn to look after ________. A．me B．myself C．you D．yourself 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你十二岁了。你应该学会照顾好自己。 考查代词辨析。me我，人称代词宾格；myself我自己，反身代词；you你、你们，人称代词宾格或主格；yourself你们自己，反身代词。根据“You are twelve years old. You should learn to look after”可知，这里指应该学会照顾好自己，look after oneself意为“照顾自己”, 主语为You，此处应用反身代词yourself，故选D。 4．（22-23七年级下·河北石家庄·期末）—Would you like some ________ in your tea? —Oh, yes, ________, please. A．candies; few B．milk; a few C．milk; a little D．ice-cream; little 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你的茶要加点牛奶吗？——哦，是的，请给我加一点。 考查名词以及代词辨析。candies糖果；milk牛奶；ice-cream冰淇凌；few没有多少的，修饰可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；little没有多少，修饰不可数名词。根据“Would you like some”及“yes”可知，答语表示肯定的概念，所以排除A和D选项。milk是不可数名词，不能用a few修饰，排除B选项，故选C。 5．（22-23七年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）You like pandas. What ________ animals do you like? A．others B．other C．the other D．another 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你喜欢熊猫。你还喜欢什么动物？ 考查代词。others其他人；other其他的；the other两者中的另一个；another三者以及以上的另一个。根据“animals”可知，空后是名词复数，应用other，故选B。 6．（22-23七年级下·河北邢台·期末）—Susan, there is ________ milk and ________ cakes at home. Would you like to go shopping with me? —Sure, mom. Let’s go. A．few; little B．little; few C．a little; few D．little; a few 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——苏珊，家里几乎没有牛奶和蛋糕。你愿意和我一起去购物吗？——当然，妈妈。我们走吧。 考查词义辨析。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点儿，修饰不可数名词。根据“Would you like to go shopping with me?”可知，家里没有牛奶和蛋糕了，milk是不可数名词，用little修饰，cakes是可数名词复数，用few修饰。故选B。 7．（22-23七年级上·河北邢台·期末）—________ the man over there? Is he your English teacher? —No, he’s ________. A．Who’s; them B．Who’s; theirs C．Whose; they D．Whose; their 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那边的那个人是谁？他是你的英语老师吗？——不，他是他们的老师。 考查特殊疑问句和代词辨析。Who’s是谁；Whose谁的，作定语；第一句是特殊疑问句，句中缺疑问词和谓语动词，故用Who’s。them他们，宾格代词；they他们，主格代词；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；。根据“Is he your English teacher?”和“No”可知，第二空表示“是他们的老师”，空后无名词，用名词性物主代词。故选B。 8．（22-23七年级下·河北承德·期末）The bread is on the table. Help ________, Jack. A．myself B．yourself C．himself D．herself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：面包在桌子上，请自便，杰克。 考查反身代词。myself我自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己；herself她自己。help oneself“请自便”，固定短语；根据“The bread is on the table. Help ..., Jack.”可知，此处是对Jack说，应用yourself。故选B。 9．（22-23七年级下·全国·单元测试）The girl is too young to look after ________. You shouldn’t leave her at home ________. A．hers; alone B．herself, alone C．herself, lonely D．her, lonely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这女孩太小，不能照顾自己。你不应该把她一个人留在家里。 考查词汇辨析。hers她的，名词性物主代词；her她，人称代词宾格；herself她自己，反身代词；alone独自，副词；lonely孤独的，形容词。根据“You shouldn’t leave her at home”可知不能让她自己在家，应是太小不能照顾她自己，第一空用反身代词herself；第二空用副词alone修饰动词。故选B。 真题感知 1．（2024·河北·中考真题）—Mary, is this your sister’s smartwatch? —No, ________ is pink. A．his B．mine C．hers D．yours 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——玛丽，这是你姐姐的智能手表吗？——不，她的是粉色的。 考查代词辨析。his他的；mine我的；hers她的；yours你的。此处指第三人称“我”的姐姐的手表是粉色的，应用物主代词hers。故选C。 2．（2021·河北·中考真题）This isn’t my dictionary. ________ is over there, on the desk. A．His B．Mine C．Hers D．Yours 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这不是我的字典。我的在那边，在桌子上。 考查代词辨析。His他的；Mine我的；Hers她的；Yours你的/你们的。根据“This isn’t my dictionary.”可知，此处表示“我的”，故选B。 3．（2024·河北石家庄·模拟预测）As middle school students, we should have thoughts by ________. A．ourselves B．yourself C．themselves D．himself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为中学生，我们应该独立思考。 考查反身代词的用法。ourselves我们自己；yourself你自己；themselves他们自己；himself他自己。根据句中的“we”可知，主语是第一人称复数，因此反身代词需用对应的复数形式“ourselves”。故选A。 4．（2024·河北邢台·三模）I love my country as you love ________. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我爱我的国家，就像你爱你的国家一样。 考查代词辨析。you你；your你的；yours你的；yourself你自己。空处是指“你的国家”，后面无名词，应用名词性物主代词yours，故选C。 5．（2024·河北沧州·三模）Kate is brave. And ________ can prevent her from moving forward. A．anything B．something C．nothing D．everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：凯特很勇敢。没有什么能阻止她前进。 考查代词辨析。anything任何事；something某事；nothing没有什么；everything每件事物。根据“Kate is brave. And...can prevent her from moving forward.”可知，此处是指没有什么能阻止她前进。故选C。 6．（2024·河北邯郸·二模）—What would you like, Michael? —Coffee. To get refreshed,  ________ is better than a cup of coffee. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想要什么，迈克尔？——咖啡。为了提神，没有什么比一杯咖啡更好的了。 考查复合不定代词。something某些东西；anything任何东西；nothing没有；everything一切东西。根据“is better than a cup of coffee”可知，没有比一杯咖啡更好的了。比较级的否定式表示最高级。故选C。 7．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Don’t fix your problems. Fix your thinking. Then the problems will fix ________. A．you B．yourselves C．them D．themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不要解决你的问题。解决你的思想。然后问题会自行解决。 考查代词。 you你；yourselves你自己；them它们；themselves它们自己。根据“Don’t fix your problems. Fix your thinking. Then the problems will fix”可知，此空是指问题会自行解决，所以这里应该要填的是反身代词，反身代词应该与句子主语保持一致，这里的主语是“problems”，所以这里的反身代词应该是“themselves”。故选D。 数词 ( 考点一 基数词 ) 用法 例子 句 法 功 能 主语 It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. The first day of May is International Labour Day. 宾语 It is worth three hundred. He was among the first to arrive. 定语 There are only three boys in the class. May is the fifth month of a year. 表示事物编号 No. Ten Middle School, Lesson One 表示年代 in the 1890s 表示年、月、日 On May 1st,2008 表示分数 分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如：one third, five sixths 表 示 时 间 整点 Tom often gets up at six in the morning.　 与汉语 顺序相同 4:25four twenty-five 6:30six thirty 几点过几分 at twenty past six, at a quarter past eleven 差几分到 几点 at five to six, at twenty-nine to ten 1．Kites have a long history. The Chinese began to make kites over __________ years ago. A．two thousands B．two thousand C．two thousand of D．two thousands of 2．The river is ________. A．100 meter long B．100-meter-long C．100 meters’ long D．100 meters long 3．—________ did you get to the bus stop, Millie? — Oh, about 5 minutes ago. I think I need to wait for ________ minutes. A．How long; five more B．When; five more C．How long; more five D．When; five another 4．Which is the right way to read the time “7:15”? A．seven fifty B．a quarter to seven C．half past seven D．a quarter past seven 思路点拨： 1.考查数词的表达。thousand表示确切数字时，不用复数形式，也不与of连用；但表示概数时，必须使用复数形式，而且要与of连用。因此此处用two thousand。故选B。 2.考查长度的表达。表示长度时，用结构：基数词+单位词的复数+形容词，故100米长的英文表达为100 meters long。故选D。 3.考查特殊疑问句和more/another的用法。How long多久，提问时间段；When什么时候，提问时间点；more更多的或附加的人或事物；another又一个。根据“Oh, about 5 minutes ago.”可知，此处指时间点，使用When提问；another位于数词的前面，another five minutes“另外5分钟”，故选B。 4.考查时间表达法。seven fifty7:50；a quarter to seven6:55；half past seven7:30；a quarter past seven7:15。a quarter past seven是七点过一刻，即：7:15，因此D选项是正确的表达方式。故选D。 · 答案1. B 2. D 3.B 4.D ( 考点二 序数词 ) (1)构成 序数词 构成 1～3 first、second、third 4～19 一般在基数词词尾加th构成。特殊：fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth 20～90整十 先将基数词词尾y变成ie，再加th，如twenty→twentieth 两位数或多位数(整数除外) 其他位数不变，仅将个位数变成序数词，如twenty one→twenty first 【记忆口诀】 基变序，有规律，一二三特殊记，结尾字母t、d、d；其余词尾加th，其中例外用心记； 八去t，九去e，ve要用f替(eighth、ninth、fifth、twelfth)； 若以y来结尾，就用ie把y去(twentieth)！不论几百几十几，个位变化就可以。 2. the+序数词“第几次”；a +序数词 “又一次” ：a second chance又一次机会 注意：the 前面有物主代词/名词所有格，去the → this is my the first time..... 1．Rain Water is in February, the ___________ month of the year. A．two B．second C．three D．third 2．Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a ________ try. A．five B．third C．sixth D．fifth 3．My mother will be ________ years old next week. I’m planning to buy a gift for her ________ birthday. A．fourty; fourtieth B．forty; fortieth C．fourty; fortieth D．forty; fourtieth · 思路点拨： 1.考查序数词的用法。two二，基数词；second第二，序数词；three三，基数词；third第三，序数词。根据“Rain Water is in February, the...month of the year”可知二月是一年中的第二个月，表示顺序用序数词second。故选B。 2.考查数词。five五，基数词；third第三，序数词；sixth第六，序数词；fifth第五，序数词。根据“Although I failed four times, my father encouraged me to have a...”可知已经失败了四次，所以要做第五次尝试，应用序数词表示顺序。故选D。 3.考查数词。forty四十；fortieth第四十；第一空是年龄的表达，结构是“基数词+years old”，所以第一空用基数词，而A和C选项拼写错误，故排除A和C选项；第二空表达的是“第……岁生日”，应用序数词表示，D选项拼写错误，故选B。 · 答案1. B 2. D 3. B 1．（22-23七年级下·河北保定·期末）Mr. Scott bought the mascot Bing Dwen Dwen for his son’s ________ birthday. A．the twelve B．twelve C．twelfth D．the twelfth 【答案】C 【详解】句意：斯科特先生为他儿子的十二岁生日买了吉祥物冰墩墩。 考查序数词。根据“his son’s...birthday”可知，此处表示十二岁的生日，空处应用序数词twelfth，空前是名词所有格son’s，所以此时序数词前无需加定冠词。故选C。 2．（22-23七年级下·河北秦皇岛·期末）She has ________ books in her room. She is interested in reading. A．three hundreds and twenty-five B．three hundred and twenty-five C．three hundreds and twenty five D．three hundred and twenty five 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她的房间里有325本书。她对阅读感兴趣。 考查数词的表达。表示确切的数量，用“基数词+数词的单数形式”，排除A和C选项。十位数和个位数要用连字符连接，排除D选项，故选B。 3．（22-23七年级下·重庆秀山·期末）Tony is thirteen years old. Today is his ________ birthday. A．thirteen B．thirteenth C．fourteen D．fourteenth 【答案】B 【详解】句意：托尼十三岁了。今天是他十三岁生日。 考查数词辨析。thirteen十三，基数词；thirteenth第十三，序数词；fourteen十四，基数词；fourteenth第十四，序数词。根据“Tony is thirteen years old.”可知，此处指他的十三岁生日，应用序数词thirteenth。故选B。 4．（22-23七年级下·陕西西安·期末）I have a _________ sister, she goes to school _________ school bus. A．9-year-old, by B．9 years old, by C．9-year-old, on D．9 years old, on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我有一个9岁的妹妹，她坐校车上学。 考查年龄的表达和介词辨析。9-year-old九岁的；9 years old九岁；by通过；on在……上面。“基数词-year-old”，中间用连字符连接，表示“多少岁的”，是复合形容词，用于修饰名词。“by+交通工具”和“on+冠词/物主代词+交通工具”表示“乘坐某种交通工具”。第一空后的sister是名词，所以第一空应填9-year-old；第二空后的school bus是交通工具，其前没有任何冠词或物主代词，所以第二空填by。故选A。 真题感知 1．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）June is the ________ month of a year. A．fifth B．sixth C．seventh D．eighth 【答案】B 【详解】句意：六月是一年中的第六个月。 考查序数词辨析和常识。fifth第五；sixth第六；seventh第七；eighth第八。根据“June is the ... month of a year.”和常识可知，六月是一年中的第六个月。故选B。 2．（2023·甘肃武威·中考真题）—What’s thirty and ten? —It’s ________. A．forty B．fifty C．seventy D．eighty 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——三十加十是多少？——四十。 考查数字运算。forty四十；fifty五十；seventy七十；eighty八十。根据“What’s thirty and ten”以及常识可知三十加十是四十。故选A。 3．（2023·河北邯郸·一模）In his ______, Mr. Li returned to his hometown and began to plant trees. A．forty B．forties C．fortieth D．fourteen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：四十多岁时，李先生回到家乡，开始种树。 考查年龄表达。“in one’s+整十基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁的时候”，此处用in his forties表示“在他四十多岁时”。故选B。 4．（2023·河北秦皇岛·一模）—How many students are there in your class? —Fifty. ________ of them ________ football. A．Two third, likes B．Two three, like C．Two thirds, likes D．Two thirds, like 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你们班有多少学生？——五十，其中三分之二喜欢足球。 考查分数。分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时，分母加s。三分之二表达成two thirds。主语含有分数时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语中名词决定，与分数无关，主语them指的是students，是复数，所以谓语动词用like。故选D。 5．（2022·河北承德·模拟预测）There are _________ of students on the playground, and five _________ girls in them. A．hundred, hundred B．hundreds, hundred C．hundred, hundreds D．hundreds, hundreds 【答案】B 【详解】句意：操场上有好几百名学生，里面有五百名女生。 考查数词的用法。hundred百；当与具体数字连用时，不用复数形式；当与of连用时，用复数形式表示一个多而不具体的数字。第一个空后有of，需用hundreds；第二个空前有five需用hundred。故选B。 易错点（6个） 考点1 辨析borrow，lend与keep 三者都可以表示“借”的意思，但用法不同： (1)borrow和lend这两个词都是短暂性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。borrow意为“借；借用”，表示向别人借东西，常与介词from连用；lend意为“借给；借出”，表示把东西借给别人，常与介词to连用。 (2)keep意为“保留；保持”，是延续性动词，通常表示“借某物多长时间”，可以与“for＋一段时间”或“how long”连用。 —May I __borrow__ your bike? —Certainly，but you mustn't __lend__ it to others.And you can only ke 考点2辨析forget to do sth.与forget doing sth. 用法 含义 例句 forget to do sth. “忘记去做某事”，还未做 I forgot to lock the door after school yesterday.昨天放学后我忘了锁门。 forget doing sth. “忘记做过某事”，已做 I forgot locking the door after school yesterday.我忘记昨天放学已锁过门了。 【归纳拓展】(1)forget的反义词为remember，其用法与forget相似：remember to do sth.记得要去做某事；remember doing sth.记得做过某事。 (2)当表示“把某物忘在某处”时，用leave。 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1．I'm sorry.I forgot __to__do__(do) my homework. May I hand it in this afternoon? 2．Don't you remember __meeting__(meet) the man before? 考点3 enough的常见用法 用法 示例 作形容词时，置于名词前、后均可(但以前置多见) enough time足够的时间 作副词时，置于所修饰的形容词、副词之后 beautiful enough足够漂亮quietly enough足够安静 【归纳拓展】not…enough to do sth.常与too…to…和so…that…进行句型转换。如： Tom isn't old enough to do housework. →Tom is too young to do housework. →Tom is so young that he can't do housework. 单项选择。 (C)1.It was ________ for us to solve the math problem.Few of us could even understand it. A．easy enough B．enough easy C．difficult enough D．enough difficult (D)2.Cathy checked her paper________so that she could get good grades this time. A．careful enough B．enough careful C．enough carefully D．carefully enough 考点4辨析dress，wear，put on与(be) in 词汇 用法 dress 意为“给……穿衣”，后面通常接人。常用搭配为：dress sb./oneself给某人/自己穿衣服；get dressed穿好衣服；be dressed in穿着某种衣服；dress up装扮；乔装打扮 wear 意为“穿着；戴着”，强调状态，用于穿衣/鞋、戴帽子/手套、佩戴首饰等 put on 意为“戴上；穿上”，强调动作，宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽；宾语若为代词，必须放在put和on之间 (be) in 意为“穿着……”，强调状态，多接衣服或颜色，通常可以和wear互换使用 用 wear，put on，dress或in填空。 1．The little boy likes to wear hats. 2．He's too young to dress himself. 3．The sunlight is too strong.You'd better wear your sunglasses when you go out. 4．Do you know the girl in a red dress? 5．You're late！Put on your clothes quickly and set off! And you can have your breakfast on the way. 考点5辨析how many与how much 短语 含义 用法 示例 how many 多少 修饰可数名词复数 how many apples多少苹果 how much 多少 修饰不可数名词 how much milk多少牛奶 多少钱 相当于how much money How much is the skirt？这条短裙多少钱？ 用How many或How much填空。 1．—Jack，your jacket is very nice.How much is it?—150 yuan. 2．—How many storybooks do you have，Linda?—Four. 根据汉语意思完成句子。 3．做香蕉奶昔你需要多少牛奶？ How much milk do you need to make a banana milk shake? 考点6 would like意为“想要”，相当于want，但比want语气委婉。 可用于任何人称，没有人称和数的变化，常与前面的主语一起缩写为“'d like”。同义短语为feel like，后接v.­ing形式。 【归纳拓展】would like的常用句型及回答： (1)Would you like sth.？你想要某物吗？ 肯定回答：Yes，please./OK./All right. 否定回答：No，thanks. (2)Would you like to do sth.？你想/愿意做某事吗？ 肯定回答：Yes，I'd like/love to. 否定回答：I'd love to，but… 单项选择。 (C)1.Teachers' Day is coming.I would like ________ some flowers for our English teacher. A．buy B．buys C．to buy D．buying (A)2.—Would you like to visit Hebei Museum(河北博物馆) with us? —________.I have to study for my English exam at home. A．I'm afraid not B．Enjoy yourself C．Yes，I can D．No，I couldn't 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$