专题05 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（四川专用)

专题05 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（原卷版） （一） （23-24高二下·四川成都市·期末统考） （1） Air pollution is among the biggest threats against humans, which causes seven million early deaths a year. To fight this problem, four friends put their heads together and designed CityTree, which is a mobile structure that can capture as many pollutants as a forest made up of 275 trees. What makes the ‘tree’ special is that it’s not a regular tree at all; it is made up of moss cultures (苔藓培养物) that do a great job of absorption. “Moss cultures have a much larger surface than any other plant,” Zhengliang Wu, co-founder of Green City Solutions, explained to CNN. “That means we can capture more pollutants.” The entire ‘tree’ sustains itself using solar panels that generate electricity so that it can collect rainwater itself. To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure temperature and water quality. Now, about 20 CityTrees can be found in major cities like Oslo, and Paris. The team also has plans to introduce the CityTree to cities in lower-income countries, which may have worse air pollution. However, Gary Fuller, an expert on air pollution, thinks that the concept of an urban air purifier might be too ambitious. “Even if you had a perfect air cleaner, getting the surrounding air in contact with it is really hard,” he said. Pollution made by cars, for example, spreads upwards a few kilometers into the air. “Efforts would be better put into stopping the pollution from forming in the first place,” he added. In response, the CityTree inventors say that they are aware of this and choose the location of each CityTree carefully. They are also testing a system to create their own air flow that draws the pollution to the “tree”. 8. What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning the CityTree? A. Its appearance. B. Its operating process. C. How it works. D. How it gets powered. 9. What is Gary Fuller’s attitude to the CityTree? A. Doubtful. B. Intolerant. C. Worried. D. Unclear. 10. What will the CityTree inventors probably do? A. Develop a new type of air cleaner. B. Make improvements to the structure. C. Redirect efforts to make greener cars. D. Expand their business in rich countries. 11. Which of the following is the best title for this text? A. Global Efforts in Planting Trees B. The Alarming Trend of Air Pollution C. A Structure that Will Change the World D. The ‘Tree’ with the Green Benefits of a Forest （2） Did you know the basic structure of your brain is very similar to that of other mammals? This surprising fact says a lot about animal thought because having brains and hormones(激素) similar to those of humans makes other mammals(哺乳动物) act, feel, and think much like we do. In fact, animals actually possess cognition, the ability to acquire knowledge. Elephants consciously(有意识地) learn which plants to eat from older elephants by observing them and tasting the foods they eat. So, while our experience of the world might differ from theirs, consciousness is not a privilege(特权) limited to us. And brains can even teach us about how animals feel. For instance, oxytocin, a kind of hormone, is essential in forming bonds in humans as well as other mammals. So, if it’s blocked in an individual’s brain, they’re likely to feel alone. The fact that the same is true for humans and animals suggests a similarity both in our brains and our feelings. But what about the animals with tiny brains? Can they feel too? Actually, brain size is a poor indicator of animal intelligence. A better one is how much an animal’s brain has in common with ours. That’s because a larger brain, while it means more computing power, isn’t necessarily helpful. For example, tuna have smaller brains than dolphins but are just as good at hunting. Large brains are necessary for being social and cooperating with others. That’s because when individuals are responsible for the survival of a group a bigger or social brain is needed. In the case of animals that do have social brains, like elephants, whales, and dolphins, it’s hard to deny that they’re thinking and feeling like humans when their brains so closely resemble ours. 12. Why are elephants mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To compare humans and animals. B. To illustrate animals’ ability to learn. C. To introduce elephants’ eating habits. D. To prove elephants are social animals. 13. What will oxytocin’s being reduced lead to? A. Increased loneliness. B. Improved hunting skills. C. Poore r social ability. D. Stronger bonds with others. 14. What does the underlined phrase “A better one” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. A larger brain. B. A more brilliant mind. C. A sharper sense. D. A more reliable indicator. 15. What message does this text mainly intend to convey? A. Brain size is vital to intelligence. B. Consciousness is not humans’ privilege. C. Mammals may think and feel like humans. D. Animals share similar brain structure with humans. （二） （23-24高二下·四川绵阳市·期末校考） （1） A new study has shown that playing an instrument or singing in a choir may promote your brain. It explains why generations of parents have told their children to practice their musical instruments. Parents have good reasons to lay emphasis on their children’s musical education since learning an instrument is not only associated with cognitive (认知的) performance but also intelligence scores in children. But does this musicality translate to better cognition later in life? A recent study in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry investigated this question by asking middle-aged and older people to complete a questionnaire on their lifetime musical experience before completing cognitive thinking tests. The results showed that musical people had better memory and executive function — the ability to stay focused on tasks, make a plan, and have self-control — than those with less or no musicality. A good memory is important for playing a musical instrument, such as playing music from memory, and this seems to translate to people’s cognitive performance. Similarly, executive function is required when playing an instrument, and it translates to improved cognitive performance too. Although most people in the study played an instrument for only a few years, this finding was similar, regardless of which instrument people played, or the level of musical proficiency (熟练) people acquired. What makes a difference, however, is whether people still play an instrument or only played in the past. Those who still play an instrument show higher cognitive performance. This makes sense as continued engagement in cognitively stimulating activities should result in continued brain health benefits while having played the guitar for three years at primary school might not have such a big impact on our cognitive performance later in life. 8. Why do parents stress children’s musical education? A. It has an effect on mental health. B. It helps children to go to collegc. C. It is beneficial to cognitive thinking. D. It contributes to good scores in study. 9. How does playing an instrument promote one’s brain? A By stimulating the nerve cells. B. By developing great musicality. C. By bettering one’s learning ability. D. By improving one’s concentration. 10. What influences cognitive performance according to the study? A. Different instruments people play. B. Practicing continuity people keep. C. Musical proficiency people acquire. D. Live performances people engage in. 11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A. Musicality leads to success. B. Music affects children’s growth. C. Playing instruments boosts cognition. D. Instrument players have healthier brains. （2） Robots with artificial intelligence (AI) have been tested in care homes in the UK and Japan. Initial tests show that the robots reduce loneliness and improve the mental health of elderly residents. The robot, called Pepper, was developed for a project called CARESSES. which is trying to create robots that behave and speak like the people they’re helping. To do this, Pepper uses a new type of AI that gives it “cultural competence,” or the ability to adjust how it speaks to different people, taking things like age, culture and religion into account. The robot is autonomous and can remember things about the people it talks to, ask questions and make suggestions for activities. It can play the radio and is also able to remind people about important dates or to take medication. The test project, which ran from 2017 to January 2020, was funded by the European Union and the Japanese government. The study found that older adults who spent up to 18 hours over two weeks with the robot saw a significant improvement in their mental health and a small decrease in loneliness. However, only 45 people participated, so more research is needed to confirm the results. “This study is groundbreaking because it is the first and largest ever investigation into the use of autonomous social robots for older adults in care settings,” said Dr. Chris Papadopoulos of the University of Bedfordshire, one of the universities that worked on the study. “Poor mental health and loneliness are significant health concerns and we have demonstrated that robots can help relieve these.” However, according to users, there were some problems, like distracting head and hand movements, not enough cultural awareness, and surface conversations. Papadopoulos said that Pepper is still being developed and it would take two to three more years of research and development before similar robots could be used in care homes. He also said Pepper wouldn’t replace human careers, but could help to improve the mental health of the elderly. 12. What can Pepper do for the elderly? A. Make decisions for them. B. Introduce different cultures to them. C. Remind them of some important things. D. Provide some simple medical treatments. 13. What do we know about the project? A. It proves helpful for the elderly. B. It was funded by the UK and Japan. C. It lasted three years with confirmed results. D. It aims to create robots with thinking ability. 14. What does the underlined word “groundbreaking” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Deserving. B. Innovative. C. Ordinary. D. Rewarding. 15. What can be inferred about the robot? A. It is for sale on the market currently. B. It is a success without any weakness. C. It will replace caretakers in care homes. D. It provides a way of company for the elderly. （三） （23-24高二下·四川德阳市·期末统考） （1） Reading books brings with it numerous benefits. Reading gives people the opportunity to explore new worlds and meet new people both real and imagined. It also expands our knowledge and understanding of the world around us and those far away. To celebrate the wonderment of books and writers, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established 23 April as World Book and Copyright Day in 1995. However, it got its start long before that in Spain. Setting aside a day to celebrate books goes back to Spanish writer Vicente Clavel Andrés. In 1922 he proposed the idea as a way to honor fellow countryman author Miguel de Cervantes. Four years later the first celebration took place on 7 October, Cervantes’ birthday, but was moved to 23 April, the date of his death, in 1930. In 1995, the UNESCO General Conference decided to pay homage (敬意) to authors and books world-wide as a way of encouraging everyone to access books. Choosing 23 April seemed a logical choice, besides being the date of Cervante’s death, it also happens to be the date William Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died. Additionally, several distinguished authors were born on 23 April, making it a symbolic date in the world literature. Annually since 2001, one city around the world is chosen to be the UNESCO World Book Capital for a year. The selected city is responsible for carrying out activities within this year to encourage “a culture of reading and spread its values in all ages and population groups in and out of the national borders.” The idea was put forward by Spain in 2001, and Madrid was chosen to be the first capital, followed by Alexandria and then New Delhi. Those cities are chosen each year by the Director-General of UNESCO and an advisory committee made up of representatives from international organizations representing authors, libraries and publishers. UNESCO has named Accra as the 2023World Book Capital. 4. Which is NOT the benefit of reading books? A. It broadens people’s horizons. B. It helps people better understand the world. C It gives people free tickets to travel. D. It allows people to connect with others. 5. Which of the following words has the closest meaning with the underlined one in Para. 2? A. Admiration B. Advantage C. Amusement D. Attempt 6. Why did the UNESCO General Conference establish 23 April as World Book Day? A. Because it seemed a convenient day for celebration. B. Because many great writers have some connection with this day. C. Because Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died on the day. D. Because Spain writer Vicente Clavel Andrés recommended that day. 7. What will the writer probably continue to write? A. Last World Book Capital. B. A brief introduction to Accra. C. The location of a World Book Capital. D. The function of a World Book Capital. （2） According to a study done by University of Michigan researchers in 2017, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and as a result, shoppers were three times less sad compared to those that only browsed (浏览) for items. More than half of the 1,000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma said they have impulsively (冲动地) shopped to deal with feelings of stress, anxiety or depression. 23 percent of respondents (被调查对象) said they’ve maxed out a credit card in the past year. Young, roughly under 40 years old, 68 percent, responded by saying they have stress spent in the past, compared to 53 percent of those aged between 43-58 and only 26 percent of senior people. In regard to genders, 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress spent said they had purchased alcohol when stressed. Eighty-two percent of women stress spent on clothing compared to 52 percent of men. Women also lead stress spending for jewellery, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men with men stress spending more for electronics 44 percent while 30 percent for women. In fact, shopping to reduce stress can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. Shopping to relieve stress is also called retail therapy (购物疗法) as a form of regulating stress. The survey found that 82 percent had positive feelings about their purchases and that the positive mood that followed those purchases was long-lasting. Every coin has two sides, and the side effects of retail therapy are not to be overlooked. To avoid those results, the following tips may count. 1. Prepare a shopping list Whether you’re purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with clarity and order while you’ re shopping. Reward yourself for sticking to your list and you’ll be more likely to stick to it: buy a cup of coffee while shopping or plan a fun activity when you return home. 2. Avoid temptations (诱惑) Think about what you struggle with most financially. Make a list of where your money is going and take necessary steps to avoid temptations. For example, if you spend too much money on dining out on the weekends, stock your cupboard with groceries on Friday so you’ll be more likely to stay in and cook. 3. Don’t keep up with the Joneses Give up the need to keep up with your neighbors, co-workers, and friends. Everyone’s financial situation is different and it depends upon a variety of factors. Comparison leads to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have. Appreciate what you currently have by being thankful. 8. What have researchers from University of Michigan found? A. Shoppers tend to be less sad than browsers. B. Shopping can contribute to anxiety and stress. C. Shopping helps ease pressure most effectively. D. Shopping is the best way to give people a sense of control. 9. From the survey conducted in 2017, what can be inferred? A. Men responded to stress more actively than women. B. Consumption habits were the same among different genders. C. The younger the people were, the more likely they were to have stress spent. D. Only 23% of the respondents shopped to deal with stress or depression. 10. Which of the following is true according to the tips in the passage? A. Prepare a shopping list, and you will shop quickly. B. Cooking by yourself helps you resist all temptations. C. “Keep up with the Joneses” means “Compare with others” D. The three tips will help us avoid impulsive shopping completely. 11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Does shopping help reduce stress? B. How can we cope with stress? C. What advantages does retail therapy have? D. Why do women tend to shop under depression? （3） Making the decision to put efforts in healthy lifestyle changes is not easy. Making sustainable lifestyle changes is a process that takes time, devotion and patience. Psychologists have found that it takes an average of 66 days for a new habit to become automatic (无意识的), but the truth is that building and maintaining lifestyle changes is highly dependent on each individual. However, there are some easy strategies that can help you develop a lifestyle change plan that works for you. Focus on the whole picture. Lifestyle changes are like a puzzle (拼图). There are many pieces that make the whole picture. Building habits in only one area of the puzzle will leave your picture lacking dimension (维度). Your physical, mental, and emotional health all work together to make or break lifestyle changes, so it is important to understand how they all interact when setting up your lifestyle change plan. Set realistic and achievable goals. The goals you set for yourself are necessary for total success in changing your lifestyle. Focus on setting goals that are realistic. Instead of expecting to run a marathon (马拉松) in six months, shoot for running a 5-kilometer race then work up to the marathon. Setting realistic goals that you can achieve and then building on them will help you keep going. Adopt new habits slowly and build on success. Building habits takes time. Be patient with yourself and understand that the fastest way forward isn’t always the smartest way forward. The goal in creating lifestyle changes isn’t to get to the finish line as quickly as possible. The goal is to build habits that are sustainable in your everyday life. So give yourself time to start small and build on success so that the result is reliable. 12. What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A. 66 days are more than enough to change one’s life. B. It is not easy to make long-term lifestyle changes. C. People pay little attention to changing their lifestyles. D. Individuals follow the same way to form a new habit. 13. What does the sentence “Lifestyle changes are like a puzzle.” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Lifestyle changes make the life very colorful and meaningful. B. Interacting with others gets the plan about life to go smoothly. C. Finding the right pieces for lifestyle changes is a difficult task. D. Lifestyle changes require different elements to work together. 14. Why does the author refer to marathon in Paragraph 3? A. To encourage people to set challenging goals. B. To show the importance of professional sports. C. To advise people to be realistic about the goals. D. To compare it with various types of races in life. 15. What’s the tone of this passage? A. Humorous B. Persuasive C. Critical D. Argumentative （四） （23-24高二下·四川乐山市·期末统考） The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS ) has released the highest -resolution geological maps of the Moon yet. The Geologic Atlas (地图集) of the Lunar Globe, which took more than 100 researchers over a decade to complete, reveals a total of 12,341 craters (火山口) ,81 basins and 17 rock types, along with other basic geological information about the lunar surface. The maps were made at the unheard-of scale of 1:2,500,000． Jianzhong Liu, a geochemist at the CAS Institute of Geochemistry in Guiyang and co-leader of the project, says that existing Moon maps date from the 1960s and 1970s. “The US Geological Survey used data from the Apollo missions to create a number of geological maps of the Moon, including a global map at the scale of 1:5,000,000 and some regional, higher-accuracy ones near the landing sites,” he says. “Since then, our knowledge of the Moon has advanced greatly, and those maps could no longer meet the needs for future lunar research and exploration.” The atlas used data from China’s lunar exploration programme, especially the Chang’e -1 mission’s observation of lunar topography (地形) and geological structures, according to Liu. Observations made on the Moon’s surface by the Chang’e -3 and Chang’e -4 lander missions in 2013 and 2019, respectively, helped to confirm the accuracy of the Chang’e -1 data. The atlas team also used data from missions such as the GRAIL and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, both launched by NASA, and India’s Chandrayaan-1 probe. “Contributing to lunar science is a profound way for China to establish its potential role as a scientific powerhouse in the decades to come,” says Mitchell, a geophysicist at the CAS Institute of Geology and Geophysics in Beijing. With the update d atlas, scientists will be able to better understand the history of the Moon, find potential lunar resources and conduct comparative geological studies. Liu says the completed atlas has been put into a cloud platform called the Digital Moon, and will eventually become available to the international research community. 12. Why does the author mention the Apollo-era maps in paragraph 2? A. To show their hard work. B. To praise their significance. C. To stress the need for new lunar maps. D. To introduce the origin of lunar maps. 13. What can we learn about The Geologic Atlas of the Lunar Globe? A. It is much more accurate than Apollo-era maps. B. It reveals geological features of the landing sites. C. It was mainly based on the observations of Chang’e-3 and 4 missions. D. It provides data for other countries’ lunar missions, such as the GRAIL. 14. What is the importance of the new lunar atlas? A. It confirms the accuracy of previous Moon maps. B. It helps scientists to learn deeper about the Moon. C. It reveals the Moon’s history and geological features. D. It is the only lunar atlas that opens to all countries. 15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Geological Studies of the Moon B. China’s Lunar Exploration Missions C. The Development of the Moon Maps D. The Most Detailed Moon Atlas Ever Made （五） （23-24高二下·四川泸州市·期末统考） （1） Brushing your teeth effectively lowers your chances of getting a host of tooth diseases. But the majority ofus are running in the opposite direction. In Sweden, one study found as few as one in ten people practice the best brushing technique.The British health insurer Bupa found that almost half of respondents did not know how to brush their teeth properly in a survey of 2,000 people in the UK. So what exactly are most of us getting wrong, and how can we change our routine to make sure we brush our teeth effectively? Here’s how to appropriately brush your teeth, according to experts. “Lots of patients understand that what they need to do is remove food remains,” says Josefine Hirschfeld, associate professor and specialist in restorative dentistry at the University of Birmingham. “That is only partially true. It’s much more significant to remove bacteria from the teeth.” These bacteria, around 700 different species, and other microorganisms grow inside everyone’s mouth. “They are living in the sticky film stuck to the teeth and also to the soft tissues,” adds Hirschfeld. “This sticky film can’t be easily rinsed off-it really needs to be manually cleaned.” Actually, the crucial place to remove it from is not the teeth but the gumline (牙龈). Honestly, “brushing your teeth” is something of a misnomer. “Think of brushing your gumline, rather than the teeth themselves,” says Hirschfeld. Is it better to brush your teeth before or after breakfast? Nigel Carter, chief executive of the Oral Health Foundation in the UK, says: “It depends on what you’ve had to eat. More important than the breakfast question is the evening brush, which also has a simpler answer: it should always happen last thing before bed.” And he adds, “Your saliva (口水) is your natural protective mechanism, restricting bacterial growth and tooth decay. The saliva flow reduces overnight, so that’s why it’s vital that all the plaque (牙菌斑) is cleared away before you sleep.” 8. What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To show a cultural difference. B. To compare two study results. C. To Introduce two wrong examples. D. To present a practical background. 9. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. The way to clean teeth correctly. B. The process to deal with food remains. C. The importance of keeping moths clean. D. The consequence of getting into a routine. 10. What is your understanding of “a misnomer“ in Paragraph 4? A. A poor performance. B. A strange mindset. C. An inaccurate expression. D. An unnatural behavior. 11. What can we learn from Nigel Carter’s reply? A. It’s best to clean teeth before breakfast. B. It’s easy to brush away the plaque before bed. C. The saliva flow contributes to the tooth preservation. D. Brushing at night is more effective than any other time. （2） Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed a portable novel device that can remove particles and salts to generate drinking water. Driven by a small and portable solar panel, the suitcase-sized device requires less power to operate than a cellphone charger. It automatically generates drinking water with the push of one button. The desalination (脱盐) device relies on a technique called Ion Concentration Polarization (ICP),which was discovered by the research group more than 10 years ago. Rather than filtering (过滤) water, the ICP process applies an electrical field to membranes (膜状物) placed above and below a channel of water. The process removes both dissolved and suspended solids, allowing clean water to pass through the channel. Since it only requires a low-pressure pump, ICP uses less energy than other techniques. But ICP does not always remove all the salts floating in the middle of the channel. Unlike other portable devices this one makes use of electrical power to remove particles from drinking water and gets rid of replacement filters, reducing much maintenance expense. This could enable it to be employed in remote and severely resource-limited areas. It could also be used to aid refugees fleeing natural disasters or by soldiers carrying out long-term military operations. After running lab experiments, they field-tested the device at Boston’s Carson Beach. Although it was quite exciting and surprising, the resulting water went beyond World Health Organization’s quality guidelines, and the device generates drinking water at a rate of 0.3liter per hour. Junghyo Yoon, a research scientist, says, “Right now we are pushing our research to improve the production rate and hoping to make it more convenient for users and increase its energy efficiency.” “How the device could be used by everyone is one of the biggest challenges for us,” Han states. “Another limitation is the use of expensive materials. It would be interesting to see similar systems with low-cost materials.” 12. Where does the device get its power? A. From a cellphone charger. B. From a low-pressure pump. C. From a small size suitcase. D. From a portable solar panel. 13. What do we know about ICP? A. It is energy-saving and user-friendly. B. It is completely new to MIT researchers. C. It is vital to have a filter and electric field. D. It is able to get rid of all salts from sea water. 14. What can be inferred about the device from the last paragraph? A. It isn’t widely available for the public. B. There’s no need for researchers to promote it. C. Its water production efficiency is satisfactory. D. Its lab experiments and field tests are a failure. 15. What can be the best title for the passage? A. Remove Solids for Desalination B. Push the Button for Drinking Water C. Use Filters for Natural Disasters D. Protect Water Sources for the Future （六） （23-24高二下·四川达州市·期末校考） Recently, an experimental pair of gloves has been invented. It isn’t fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm. Instead, it serves a different purpose: teaching piano and other hands-on skills. MIT graduate student Yiyue Luo and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using touch technology. Researchers used the gloves to record one pianist’s hand movements while playing a song. They then received and sent on those movements to a student through fingertip vibrations. This will help the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater accuracy. “Hand-based movements like piano playing are difficult to record and transfer.” Luo says. “But with these gloves, we can track one person’s touch experience and share it with another person to improve their touch learning process.” When a piano teacher wearing the gloves repeatedly performed a tune, a machine-learning algorithm (算法) processed their movement on the keys and translated it into vibrations. Students wearing their own gloves then attempted to play the same tune, with the fingertip vibrations guiding them through proper movements. By the trials’ (试验) end, students who had practiced with the gloves could play more accurately than those who had not. “This type of learning is like when you’re first starting to ride a bike,” says engineer Marcia O’Malley. “You use the training wheels to get the feeling of properly riding the bike. Eventually you take them off and start to ride independently.” Playing piano is often just for fun, but O’Malley adds that, with an improved algorithm, the new glove technology can someday help to teach crucial practices such as surgeries. “When vibration is actually felt directly at the point of action, we can act and learn quicker and with that, there’s so much potential.” she says. 12. Who are the experimental gloves suitable for? A. Pupils learning skills from craftsmen. B. Performers planning shows for a theatre. C. Professors giving lecture to the students. D. Policemen asking criminals for information. 13. What is the advantage of the gloves? A. Aiding learners to build up muscle. B. Making touch learning process easier. C. Improving the speed of piano playing. D. Teaching varieties of hand movements. 14. Why is the example of learning to ride a bike mentioned? A. To offer supporting evidence. B. To explain the type of learning. C. To show the differences. D. To suggest another possibility. 15. What is O’Malley’s attitude toward the new glove technology? A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Approving. D. Unclear. （七） （23-24高二下·四川资阳市·期末统考） （1） Countless cicadas (蝉) are coming to the United States. Two groups of the red-eyed flying insects are emerging from the ground this month. People in the Midwest and Southeast should expect a noisy season. Brood XIX cicadas show up every 13 years. Brood XIII cicadas show up every 17 years. The last time these two groups arrived together was more than two hundred years ago, in 1803 when Thomas Jefferson was the President of the United States, and we won’t see this situation again until 2245. For more than a decade, they live in holes seven to eight inches underground, and then, when they’re mature enough, they make their way out. Weeks before they’re expected to emerge, cicadas build tunnels (隧道) to the surface. But they don’t come out of their holes until the soil temperature warms up to about 18℃. But they don’t live very long once they’re out of the ground. After they emerge, they have only four to six weeks to mate before they die. Periodical (周期) cicadas are about an inch long. They’re identified by their big red eyes. There’re seven different species, three of which surface every 17 years. The other four emerge every 13 years. Cicadas will be seen across several states. Probably only two — Illinois and Indiana — will get to see both groups. The male cicada’s mating call is loud. Many people find it annoying. But cicadas are harmless to humans. They don’t bite. Actually, they can have a positive impact on nearby plants and animals. They’re a great food source for birds. And they’re beneficial for the soil as they decompose after they survive on the ground for 4-6 weeks. Cicadas won’t be harmful to flowers or fruit. Female cicadas can damage a young tree if they lay their eggs in its branches. To protect trees, Mount St. Joseph University, in Ohio, suggests wrapping a tree’s branches with cloth to keep cicadas away. 8. Which best describes Brood XIX and Brood XIII’s emerging together? A. Eventful. B. Risky. C. Rare. D. Harmful. 9. What is special about Brood XIX and Brood XIII? A. They spend most of their life underground. B. They have to live in soil that is above 18℃. C. They usually grow faster on hot summer days. D. They come out through the tunnels to feed. 10. What does the underlined word “decompose” mean in the last paragraph? A. Move away. B. Turn around. C. Hang out. D. Break up. 11. What’s the best title for the text? A. Species of Cicadas B. Cicadas’ Advantages C. Human and Cicada D. Periodical Cicadas’ World （2） Boys whose classmates think reading is for girls are more likely to perform poorly in this area, a new study suggests. To conduct the study, researchers tested a total of 1,508 fifth-grade students in 60 classes in Germany, who had an average age of 10. The children filled out questionnaires in which they ranked whether they thought boys or girls were better at reading, which gender read more, and which gender had more fun doing so. They also assessed their own enjoyment and skill in the activity, and completed reading tests. Past studies suggested the stereotypes (刻板印象) that reading is for girls and math is for boys are widespread, so the researchers wanted to see if this could contribute to a gap in skills. Their study revealed that boys who believed gender stereotypes about reading were less likely to see themselves as competent and motivated in this regard. The researchers also found boys whose classmates thought reading was for girls not only had similar attitudes about themselves, but also appeared to perform worse in tests. They discovered girls generally exhibited better reading and writing ability than boys as early as the fourth grade. And as they got older that achievement gap became increasingly obvious. At the same time, the gender stereotype didn’t appear to affect girls positively or negatively. However, the study’s authors acknowledged that their data might not be accurate as they relied on the children’s honesty. They’ll conduct further research. One of the authors of the study said, “To reduce socially determined gender disparities (不一致) in reading, it may help to create contexts that discourage students from acting on their stereotypical beliefs.” The study is the latest to examine how gender stereotypes affect young people. Late last year, a separate team of researchers found teaching teenage boys about gender equality could prevent them from being violent. 12. What were the children in the study asked to do? A. Read something aloud. B. Evaluate their reading ability. C. Learn to read for pleasure. D. Test their partners’ reading skills. 13. What results did the new study find concerning the gender stereotypes? A. Boys and girls had the same ability to learn. B. Gender gap widened even more with age. C. Reading was for girls and math was for boys. D. Math could make girls more competitive. 14. What was the new study’s limitation according to its authors? A. Their findings weren’t immediately applicable. B. They studied only small groups of school kids. C. The information they collected might be wrong. D. They only focused on the vast majority of boys. 15. What does the last paragraph talk about? A. Strengthening the concept of gender equality. B. Analyzing the harm of gender stereotypes. C. Methods of giving up stereotypical beliefs. D. Reasons for producing gender disparities. （八） （23-24高二下·四川南充市·期末统考） （1） The Free Books Campaign was set up in July 2020 by Sofia Akel, a race equity (种族平等) researcher, when she decided to launch a fundraiser to get as many books as possible by authors of colour to people that can’t afford them across the UK and Ireland. So far, this campaign has progressed smoothly and influenced profoundly. Over 1, 700 books have been sent to people who can’t afford them, and it has even caught the attention of the footballer. Marcus Rashford who donated 400 copies of his children’s book You Are a Champion. Some of the people who benefit from the campaign include children from working class backgrounds who have not been exposed to literature from Black or Brown authors at school or at home. “I’ve had emails from parents who weren’t aware of just how many amazing authors of colour there are, and who have said how much their child lit up seeing a book that reflected them,” Sofia says. Explaining the need for the campaign, Sofia says: “Sadly, reading has become a luxury in today’s world. If you’re working two jobs just to put food on the table, having that time to sit down and read can be difficult. So, there is an element of privilege when it comes to even just finding the time to read. On top of that, the typical adult hardback book might cost you upwards off 15, which could put food on the table for a week if you were counting every penny.” This is where the campaign hopes to step in. It operates on a trust basis, which means the campaign doesn’t exist to police people’s financial circumstances. “No one has to prove that they’ve not got money — even if some people volunteer personal information, we never ask for it. Everyone deserves to read books that they love.” Sofia adds. 4. What’s the purpose of the campaign? A. To attract public attention. B. To introduce authors of colour. C. To arouse awareness of poverty. D. To offer free books to people short of money. 5. Which of the following best describe the impact of the campaign? A. Short-lived. B. Impractical. C. Far-reaching. D. Unidentifiable. 6 What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. People’s reading habits. B. People’s financial crisis. C. The expensive price of books. D. The necessity of the campaign. 7. What message does Sofia seem to convey in the last paragraph? A. People can get a book without financial proof. B. Everyone will benefit from reading their favorite books. C. One should offer personal information to get a book. D. The campaign can monitor people’s finances if necessary. （2） With their bright eyes and noticeable beards, it’s easy to see how orangutans (红毛猩猩) got their name; “orang” is Malay for person, while “hutan” means forest. Their similarity to humans doesn’t stop there. Researchers have observed a male orangutan treat a wound on his face with a plant that’s also used in human medicine. It’s the first time any wild animal has been seen caring for a wound using a natural substance with known medicinal ingredients, researchers report May 2 in Scientific Reports. On June 25, 2022, field biologist Ulil Azhari was observing an orangutan named Rakus in the Suaq Balimbing research area of Indonesia’s Gunung Leuser National Park. The area is home to about 150 of the species, and researchers have been studying them since 1994. Azhari watched as Rakus chewed up a plant, locally known as Akar Kuning, and rubbed the resulting paste (糊状物) onto an open wound he suffered on his right cheek, likely from a fight with another male. He applied the paste several times over his injury, almost like a bandage. Akar Kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria) is used by the local people in traditional medicine and has a long list of known medicinal ingredients. Isabelle Laumer, a biologist and member of the Suaq Project studying orangutans, read the notes from the observation and was immediately getting very excited. She says, “He only treated this wound and not any other body part. And this was done repeatedly.” Rakus’ intentionality, and the fact that his wound was closed just five days after the observation — and never became infected — convinced her that he was purposefully using the plant to treat his wound. Laumer says she hopes the finding will help more people appreciate how similar orangutans are to humans and care more about protecting them. The orangutans are critically endangered. “It would be so sad if they would die out from this world.” she says. 8. What phenomenon did Ulil observe? A. The orangutan used a bandage on his cheek. B. The orangutan had a fight with another male. C. The orangutan chewed up a plant and swallowed it. D. The orangutan applied a medicinal plant on his wound. 9. Why did Isabelle get excited at the orangutan’s behavior in the notes? A. Because she was the first to read the notes. B. Because the wound of the orangutan got infected. C. Because she thought the orangutan had done it on purpose. D. Because she found the plant was used by the local people. 10. Why are the similarities of orangutans and humans mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To explain the origin of humans. B. To stress the intelligence of orangutan C. To show the observation of scientists. D. To call on people to protect orangutans. 11. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A zoo brochure. B. A biology textbook. C. A science magazine. D. An academic journal. （3） Many parts of the world are experiencing a rapid decrease in the subterranean (地下的) reserves of water that billions of people rely on for drinking, irrigation and other uses, according to new research that analyzed millions of groundwater level measurements from170,000 wells in more than 40 countries. It’s the first study to piece together what’s happening to groundwater levels at a global scale, according to the researchers involved, and will help scientists better understand what intact humans are having on this valuable underground resource, either through overuse or indirectly by changes in rainfall linked to climate change. Groundwater, contained within cracks and pores in rocks known as aquifers (含水层), is a lifeline for people especially in parts of the world where rainfall and surface water are scarce , such as northwest India and the southwest United States. Reductions in groundwater can make it harder for people to access freshwater to drink or to irrigate crops and can result in land subsidence (沉降). The authors found that groundwater levels declined between 2000 and 2022 in 71% of the 1,693 aquifer systems included in the research, with groundwater levels declining more than 0.1 meter a year in 36%, or 617, of them. Donald John MacAllister a hydrologist at the British Geological Survey, said it was a really “impressive” set of data, despite some gaps. “Groundwater is an incredibly important resource but one of the challenges is…because we can’t see it, it’s out of mind for most people. Our challenge is to constantly bang the drum for policymakers — that we have this resource that we have to look after, and that we can use to adapt to climate change. ” 12. What’s the importance of the new research? A. To understand human influence on groundwater. B. To recycle valuable groundwater resources. C. To deal with climate change issues. D. To increase rainfall at global scale. 13. What does the underlined word “scarce” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Adequate. B. Rare. C. Convenient. D. Original. 14. What can we infer from Donald’s words? A. The result of the research is far from satisfaction. B. Effective measures have been taken for groundwater. C. The importance of groundwater is often ignored. D. There are some gaps between aquifers in India. 15. What’s the best title of the text? A. Groundwater is an incredibly important resource. B. Groundwater levels are declining around the world. C. Researchers are solving the groundwater problem. D. Climate change and groundwater shortage go hand in hand. （九） （23-24高二下·四川攀枝花市·期末统考） （1） With the arrival of the summer heat, the wave of cultural-themed ice creams is sweeping across social media platforms in China. Museums, scenic spots, amusement parks and even universities have once again rolled out their unique cultural-themed ice creams this year. These ice creams are often tiny copies of famous landmarks or cultural relics (文物) that offer visitors a delight for the taste buds (味蕾). The trend of cultural-themed ice creams began in 2019 when the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was one of the first scenic spots in China to introduce lotus-shaped ice creams. It was inspired by that in 2017 eleven ancient lotus seeds were discovered in a pool at the Old Summer Palace. Six of these ancient lotus seeds bloomed in the summer of 2019. So to mark the occasion, staff at the Old Summer Palace designed ice creams shaped like lotus flowers. These ice creams were widely loved by visitors, not only serving as a cold treat but also offering a unique way for visitors to connect with their cultural heritage. To protect their cultural relics, many museums have put up signs banning photography or the use of a flash. However, cultural-themed ice creams provide an alternative way for visitors to catch memories of their visit. Various flavors offer visitors a choice of colors and ingredients for the ice cream, which reflect the local characteristics and charm of these cold treats. It is also suggested by the museums that the visitors can take the carved ice cream bars home with them to use as bookmarks. For many young people, taking photos of themselves standing alongside cultural landmarks is an artistic preference from their parents’ generation. To them, a selfie with a cultural-themed ice cream is a much cooler way to show off their travel experiences and bridge the gap between modern life and distant historical relics. 8. What can we learn about cultural-themed ice creams from the first two paragraphs? A. Visitors are eager to try their taste. B. They are made due to summer heat. C. Visitors spend much money on them. D. They are often shaped like landmarks. 9. What inspired the idea of cultural-themed ice creams? A. The Old Summer Palace. B. The wide love by visitors. C. The discovery of ancient lotus. D. The flowers of the six ancient seeds. 10. What does the underlined word “bridge” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Narrow. B. Measure. C. Create. D. Affect. 11. What is the main idea of this passage? A. A creative way to protect cultural heritage. B. Ancient lotus seeds flowered in modern times. C. A cool way to show off your travel experiences. D. Experiencing colorful cultures with your taste buds. （2） The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging (刺人的) tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people call it the gympie-gympie tree — a name given to the tree by indigenous Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you brush up against a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months. Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain. The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected mice with gympietides, the mice licked (舔) at the places where they’d been injected, indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemical very stable, which helps explain how the pain lasts so long. The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and con e snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all use similar poisons. Spiders and con e snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree. Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small relatives of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble. 12. A touch on the stinging tree is unforgettable because ________. A. it has an unusual appearance B. it is extremely rare in nature C. the suffering caused by it remains long D. touching it creates a quite strange feeling 13 What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree? A. How it produces poisons. B. What poisons it produces. C. The consequences of its sting. D. How it benefits from the sting. 14. What does the text imply about the stinging tree? A. It produces the same poisons as spiders. B. Poisonous as it is, it also has natural enemies. C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it. D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Stinging Trees’ Secrets Exposed B. Warning: Trees That Can Poison You C. Strange Tree Species Found in Australia D. Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging Trees （十） （23-24高二下·四川宜宾市·期末统考） （1） There have been huge advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) programs that create art. The programs, creating artworks based on short descriptions, have amazed many people. They have also raised tough questions. NewsForKids.net reported on Dall-E2, a tool from OpenAI. Dall-E2 uses AI to create incredible paintings, photos, and other artworks in different styles based on simple descriptions. Since then, OpenAI has changed its rules to allow anyone to sign up and use the tool. But it’s still putting strong controls on the art that can be created. Now several other AI tools work in similar ways. These new tools are free or cheap, and don’t have some of Dall-E2’s limits. Midjourney is a website that allows users to create images from short descriptions. The new tools are entertaining and powerful. They allow people to quickly see almost any idea they can imagine, even if they aren’t artists. For creative workers, the tools allow them to quickly explore new ideas. These new AI art tools are all trained in similar ways — using massive collections of pictures with matching descriptions. The programs begin to create new images with a random pattern of dots. Step by step, they use their training to change the pattern until parts of the image begin to match the description. Artists are upset that they’re now competing against computers for attention, prizes and jobs. It’s hard for a single artist to compete against all the art and photography appearing on the Internet. The images and descriptions used to train these AI programs were taken from the Internet, therefore, the tools can produce images that aren’t appropriate. More importantly, the training images were used without permission, causing questions whether what these tools are doing is fair or legal. Once created, an artwork is protected by copyright. The creators of the training pictures—the photographers, the artists, and even the people in the pictures — haven’t given permission for their images to be used. 8. What can be inferred about Dall-E2? A. It is a news website intended for children. B. It has certain limits on users’ artistic creation. C. It is developed by OpenAI to create anything. D. It is available for artists to improve themselves. 9. What aspect of AI art tools does paragraph 4 focus on? A. Their strong functions. B. Their wide application. C. Their working principle. D. Their common features. 10. Which factor related to the AI art tools upsets artists most? A. The great creative ability beyond imagination. B. The massive collecting capacity of the Internet. C. The inappropriate artwork created by the tools. D. The illegal use of training images from the Internet. 11. What makes the best title for the text? A. AI Art Tools: Newborn Innovations B. AI Art Tools: Powerful Competitors C AI Art Tools Amaze or Upset Artists? D. AI Art Tools Improve Art Significantly? （2） Do you ever wonder about what the term “locally-grown food” means? Do you wonder where your food comes from? Locally-grown food and sustainability are on the rise, and it’s important to know why this trend in farming matters. Hawaii, in particular, is a pretty isolated place. About 85 percent of food is imported. Much of what gets to their table depends on what comes to use by ship. Sometimes, one notices there is no milk or other product left at the grocery story because there is a problem with a barge (驳船). Steven Chiang, a professor from University of Hawaii, pointed out that in Hawaii, the cost of labor is high for people who might want to farm the land. Since many different groups or individuals own small pieces of land, getting access to farmland is also difficult. However, Chiang added, “there are many benefits to growing food locally on the islands and elsewhere.” For one, they can hold onto traditions and the types of food they like. Food in soil will have the chance to mature more, and maybe absorb more nutrition. Areas of land that might be used for other things, like new apartment or office buildings, can be preserved. Also, plants can extract the carbon dioxide in the air, benefiting the environment. Chiang said that there was more to locally-grown food than just those benefits. “Having local food helps make people aware of where their food comes from,” he said. When people are disconnected from the food system and don’t know where their food comes from, there’s a tendency to make potentially negative choices. “Because we’re so efficient at shipping and importing,” he added, “We don’t realize or know what it takes, and that can lead to poor decisions that can harm us all.” So what can you do? In Hawaii, there are many opportunities to volunteer at local farms. But in other areas around the world, you can do your part by supporting and buying locally-grown food. You can also help spread awareness by educating your friends and family. You can even grow your own food—in a container in your kitchen or in your backyard! 12 What can be inferred about Hawaii’s food supply? A. Hawaii relies heavily on imported food. B. Hawaii’s cost of living is low for farmers. C. Hawaii’s grocery stores are often short of milk. D. Hawaii’s farmland is enough for all local needs. 13. Which is a benefit of growing food locally? A. Lowering the cost of local labor. B. Increasing the variety of imported food. C. Preserving land for non-agricultural use. D. Offering quick access to imported food. 14. What is Chiang’s attitude towards locally-grown food? A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Undecided. D. Favorable. 15. What is the author’s purpose of writing the last paragraph? A. To encourage gardening at home. B. To advocate sustainable practices. C. To promote local farming in Hawaii. D. To discourage buying imported food. （十一） （23-24高二下·四川凉山州·期末统考） Elephants call out to each other using individual names that they invent for their fellows, a study said on Monday. While dolphins and parrots have been observed addressing each other by mimicking (模仿) the sound of others from their species, elephants are the first non-human animals known to use names that do not involve imitation, the researchers suggested. For the new study, a team of international researchers used an artificial intelligence algarithm (算法) to analyse the calls of two wild herds of African savannah elephants in Kenya. The research “not only shows that elephants use specific vocalizations (嗓音) for each individual, but that they recognize and react to a call addressed to them while ignoring those addressed to others,” lead study author Michael Pardo said. “This indicates that elephants can determine whether a call was intended for them just by hearing the call, even when out of its original context,” the behavioral ecologist at Colorado State University said in a statement. The researchers sifted through elephant “rumbles” recorded at Kenya’s Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park between 1986 and 2022. Using a machine learning algorithm, they identified 469 distinct calls, which included 101elephants issuing a call and 117 receiving one. Elephants make a wide range of sounds, from loud trumpeting to rumbles so low that cannot be heard by the human ear. Names were not always used in the elephant calls. But when names were called out, it was often over a long distance, and when adults were addressing young elephants. Adults were also more likely to use names than calves, suggesting it could take years to learn this particular talent. The most common call was “a harmonically rich, low-frequency sound,” according to the study. 28. According to the first two paragraphs, what is special about elephants? A. They can imitate other species. B. They can mimic the sound of others. C. They can invent individual names to call. D. They can call out to each other very loudly. 29. What does the research show? A. Elephants use a fixed vocalization for each other. B. Elephants ignore the calls intended to themselves. C. Elephants recognize and react to the calls addressed to others. D. Elephants can tell whether they are addressed by hearing the call. 30. Which of the following is true? A. Elephants’ sounds can all be heard by human. B. Elephants prefer to call out names at any time. C. Adult elephants can call out young elephants’ names. D. Young elephants are born to use names to call each other. 31. In which column of a website can you see this passage? A. Nature. B. Health. C. Fashion. D. Education. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（解析版） （一） （23-24高二下·四川成都市·期末统考） （1） Air pollution is among the biggest threats against humans, which causes seven million early deaths a year. To fight this problem, four friends put their heads together and designed CityTree, which is a mobile structure that can capture as many pollutants as a forest made up of 275 trees. What makes the ‘tree’ special is that it’s not a regular tree at all; it is made up of moss cultures (苔藓培养物) that do a great job of absorption. “Moss cultures have a much larger surface than any other plant,” Zhengliang Wu, co-founder of Green City Solutions, explained to CNN. “That means we can capture more pollutants.” The entire ‘tree’ sustains itself using solar panels that generate electricity so that it can collect rainwater itself. To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure temperature and water quality. Now, about 20 CityTrees can be found in major cities like Oslo, and Paris. The team also has plans to introduce the CityTree to cities in lower-income countries, which may have worse air pollution. However, Gary Fuller, an expert on air pollution, thinks that the concept of an urban air purifier might be too ambitious. “Even if you had a perfect air cleaner, getting the surrounding air in contact with it is really hard,” he said. Pollution made by cars, for example, spreads upwards a few kilometers into the air. “Efforts would be better put into stopping the pollution from forming in the first place,” he added. In response, the CityTree inventors say that they are aware of this and choose the location of each CityTree carefully. They are also testing a system to create their own air flow that draws the pollution to the “tree”. 8. What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning the CityTree? A. Its appearance. B. Its operating process. C. How it works. D. How it gets powered. 9. What is Gary Fuller’s attitude to the CityTree? A. Doubtful. B. Intolerant. C. Worried. D. Unclear. 10. What will the CityTree inventors probably do? A. Develop a new type of air cleaner. B. Make improvements to the structure. C. Redirect efforts to make greener cars. D. Expand their business in rich countries. 11. Which of the following is the best title for this text? A. Global Efforts in Planting Trees B. The Alarming Trend of Air Pollution C. A Structure that Will Change the World D. The ‘Tree’ with the Green Benefits of a Forest 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“城市树”可以改善空气污染，介绍了其工作原理以及好处。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段““Moss cultures have a much larger surface than any other plant,” Zhengliang Wu, co-founder of Green City Solutions, explained to CNN. “That means we can capture more pollutants.” The entire ‘tree’ sustains itself using solar panels that generate electricity so that it can collect rainwater itself. To monitor the health of the moss, the CityTree has sensors which measure temperature and water quality. (绿色城市解决方案的联合创始人吴正良向CNN解释说：“苔藓的表面比其他任何植物都要大得多。”“这意味着我们可以捕获更多的污染物。”整棵“树”通过太阳能电池板来维持自身，太阳能电池板可以发电，这样它就可以自己收集雨水。为了监测苔藓的健康状况，“城市树”装有测量温度和水质的传感器。)”可知，第2段主要是关于CityTree是如何工作的。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, Gary Fuller, an expert on air pollution, thinks that the concept of an urban air purifier might be too ambitious. “Even if you had a perfect air cleaner, getting the surrounding air in contact with it is really hard,” he said. Pollution made by cars, for example, spreads upwards a few kilometers into the air. “Efforts would be better put into stopping the pollution from forming in the first place,” he added. (然而，空气污染专家加里·富勒认为，城市空气净化器的概念可能过于雄心勃勃。“即使你有一台完美的空气净化器，也很难让周围的空气接触到它，”他说。例如，汽车造成的污染向上扩散几公里进入空气中。他补充说：“最好从一开始就努力阻止污染的形成。”)”可知，加里·富勒对城市树的态度是怀疑。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“They are also testing a system to create their own air flow that draws the pollution to the “tree”. (他们还在测试一个系统，该系统可以制造自己的气流，将污染物吸入“树”。)”可知，CityTree的发明者可能会对结构进行改进。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“To fight this problem, four friends put their heads together and designed CityTree, which is a mobile structure that can capture as many pollutants as a forest made up of 275 trees. What makes the ‘tree’ special is that it’s not a regular tree at all; it is made up of moss cultures (苔藓培养物) that do a great job of absorption. (为了解决这个问题，四个朋友集思广想，设计了“城市树”，这是一个移动结构，可以捕获与275棵树组成的森林一样多的污染物。这棵“树”的特别之处在于，它根本不是一棵普通的树；它是由苔藓培养物组成的，吸收效果很好。)”结合文章主要介绍了“城市树”可以改善空气污染，介绍了其工作原理以及好处。可知，D选项“具有森林绿色效益的‘树’”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （2） Did you know the basic structure of your brain is very similar to that of other mammals? This surprising fact says a lot about animal thought because having brains and hormones(激素) similar to those of humans makes other mammals(哺乳动物) act, feel, and think much like we do. In fact, animals actually possess cognition, the ability to acquire knowledge. Elephants consciously(有意识地) learn which plants to eat from older elephants by observing them and tasting the foods they eat. So, while our experience of the world might differ from theirs, consciousness is not a privilege(特权) limited to us. And brains can even teach us about how animals feel. For instance, oxytocin, a kind of hormone, is essential in forming bonds in humans as well as other mammals. So, if it’s blocked in an individual’s brain, they’re likely to feel alone. The fact that the same is true for humans and animals suggests a similarity both in our brains and our feelings. But what about the animals with tiny brains? Can they feel too? Actually, brain size is a poor indicator of animal intelligence. A better one is how much an animal’s brain has in common with ours. That’s because a larger brain, while it means more computing power, isn’t necessarily helpful. For example, tuna have smaller brains than dolphins but are just as good at hunting. Large brains are necessary for being social and cooperating with others. That’s because when individuals are responsible for the survival of a group a bigger or social brain is needed. In the case of animals that do have social brains, like elephants, whales, and dolphins, it’s hard to deny that they’re thinking and feeling like humans when their brains so closely resemble ours. 12. Why are elephants mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To compare humans and animals. B. To illustrate animals’ ability to learn. C. To introduce elephants’ eating habits. D. To prove elephants are social animals. 13. What will oxytocin’s being reduced lead to? A. Increased loneliness. B. Improved hunting skills. C. Poore r social ability. D. Stronger bonds with others. 14. What does the underlined phrase “A better one” in paragraph 4 refer to? A. A larger brain. B. A more brilliant mind. C. A sharper sense. D. A more reliable indicator. 15. What message does this text mainly intend to convey? A. Brain size is vital to intelligence. B. Consciousness is not humans’ privilege. C. Mammals may think and feel like humans. D. Animals share similar brain structure with humans. 【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物的思维和情感，以及它们与人类的相似之处。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Elephants consciously learn which plants to eat from older elephants by observing them and tasting the foods they eat(大象通过观察和品尝年长大象的食物，有意识地学习哪些植物可以吃)”可知，这里提到大象是为了说明动物具有学习能力。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So, if it’s blocked in an individual’s brain, they’re likely to feel alone(如果大脑中的催产素被阻断，个体可能会感到孤独)”可知，催产素的减少会导致孤独感的增加。故选A项。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Actually, brain size is a poor indicator of animal intelligence. A better one is how much an animal’s brain has in common with ours(实际上，大脑大小是动物智力的一个较差的指标。一个更好的指标是动物的大脑与我们的有多少共同之处。)”可知，实际上，大脑大小并不是衡量动物智力的可靠指标。更好的指标是动物的大脑与我们的大脑的相似程度。因此，“A better one”指的是一个更可靠的指标。故选D项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This surprising fact says a lot about animal thought because having brains and hormones similar to those of humans makes other mammals act, feel, and think much like we do(这个令人惊讶的事实在很大程度上说明了动物的思维，因为拥有与人类相似的大脑和激素使得其他哺乳动物在行为、感觉和思维上与人类非常相似)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了动物的思维和情感，以及它们与人类的相似之处。因此，本文主要传达的信息是哺乳动物可能会像人类一样思考和感受。故选C项。 （二） （23-24高二下·四川绵阳市·期末校考） （1） A new study has shown that playing an instrument or singing in a choir may promote your brain. It explains why generations of parents have told their children to practice their musical instruments. Parents have good reasons to lay emphasis on their children’s musical education since learning an instrument is not only associated with cognitive (认知的) performance but also intelligence scores in children. But does this musicality translate to better cognition later in life? A recent study in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry investigated this question by asking middle-aged and older people to complete a questionnaire on their lifetime musical experience before completing cognitive thinking tests. The results showed that musical people had better memory and executive function — the ability to stay focused on tasks, make a plan, and have self-control — than those with less or no musicality. A good memory is important for playing a musical instrument, such as playing music from memory, and this seems to translate to people’s cognitive performance. Similarly, executive function is required when playing an instrument, and it translates to improved cognitive performance too. Although most people in the study played an instrument for only a few years, this finding was similar, regardless of which instrument people played, or the level of musical proficiency (熟练) people acquired. What makes a difference, however, is whether people still play an instrument or only played in the past. Those who still play an instrument show higher cognitive performance. This makes sense as continued engagement in cognitively stimulating activities should result in continued brain health benefits while having played the guitar for three years at primary school might not have such a big impact on our cognitive performance later in life. 8. Why do parents stress children’s musical education? A. It has an effect on mental health. B. It helps children to go to collegc. C. It is beneficial to cognitive thinking. D. It contributes to good scores in study. 9. How does playing an instrument promote one’s brain? A By stimulating the nerve cells. B. By developing great musicality. C. By bettering one’s learning ability. D. By improving one’s concentration. 10. What influences cognitive performance according to the study? A. Different instruments people play. B. Practicing continuity people keep. C. Musical proficiency people acquire. D. Live performances people engage in. 11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text? A. Musicality leads to success. B. Music affects children’s growth. C. Playing instruments boosts cognition. D. Instrument players have healthier brains. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究显示，演奏乐器或参与合唱可能促进大脑发展，尤其在记忆力和执行功能方面，对中老年人的认知能力有积极影响。持续演奏乐器的人展现出更高的认知表现，强调了持续性在认知健康中的作用。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“It explains why generations of parents have told their children to practice their musical instruments. Parents have good reasons to lay emphasis on their children’s musical education since learning an instrument is not only associated with cognitive (认知的) performance but also intelligence scores in children.(这就解释了为什么几代父母都告诉孩子要练习乐器。父母有充分的理由重视孩子的音乐教育，因为学习乐器不仅与孩子的认知表现有关，还与孩子的智力得分有关)”可知，父母重视孩子的音乐教育是因为学习乐器不仅与认知表现有关，还与孩子的智力分数有关，即它对认知思考有益。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The results showed that musical people had better memory and executive function — the ability to stay focused on tasks, make a plan, and have self-control — than those with less or no musicality.(研究结果表明，与那些音乐性较差或没有音乐性的人相比，有音乐的人有更好的记忆力和执行功能，即专注于任务、制定计划和自我控制的能力)” 以及第三段的“A good memory is important for playing a musical instrument, such as playing music from memory, and this seems to translate to people’s cognitive performance. Similarly, executive function is required when playing an instrument, and it translates to improved cognitive performance too.(良好的记忆力对于演奏乐器很重要，比如根据记忆演奏音乐，这似乎转化为人们的认知表现。同样，演奏乐器时也需要执行功能，这也会提高认知能力)”可知，演奏乐器需要良好的记忆力和执行功能，执行功能包括保持对任务的专注、制定计划和自控能力。所以，演奏乐器是通过提高注意力来提高认知表现。故选D。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What makes a difference, however, is whether people still play an instrument or only played in the past. Those who still play an instrument show higher cognitive performance.(然而，不同的是，人们是仍然演奏一种乐器，还是只在过去演奏。那些仍然演奏乐器的人表现出更高的认知能力)”可知，研究表明，持续演奏乐器与否会影响认知表现，也就是说练习的连续性会影响认知表现。故选B。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“A new study has shown that playing an instrument or singing in a choir may promote your brain.(一项新的研究表明，在合唱团演奏乐器或唱歌可以促进你的大脑发育)”以及全文可知，演奏乐器或参与合唱可能促进大脑发展，尤其在记忆力和执行功能方面，对中老年人的认知能力有积极影响。持续演奏乐器的人展现出更高的认知表现，强调了持续性在认知健康中的作用。因此，作者想传达的信息是演奏乐器能提升认知能力。故选C。 （2） Robots with artificial intelligence (AI) have been tested in care homes in the UK and Japan. Initial tests show that the robots reduce loneliness and improve the mental health of elderly residents. The robot, called Pepper, was developed for a project called CARESSES. which is trying to create robots that behave and speak like the people they’re helping. To do this, Pepper uses a new type of AI that gives it “cultural competence,” or the ability to adjust how it speaks to different people, taking things like age, culture and religion into account. The robot is autonomous and can remember things about the people it talks to, ask questions and make suggestions for activities. It can play the radio and is also able to remind people about important dates or to take medication. The test project, which ran from 2017 to January 2020, was funded by the European Union and the Japanese government. The study found that older adults who spent up to 18 hours over two weeks with the robot saw a significant improvement in their mental health and a small decrease in loneliness. However, only 45 people participated, so more research is needed to confirm the results. “This study is groundbreaking because it is the first and largest ever investigation into the use of autonomous social robots for older adults in care settings,” said Dr. Chris Papadopoulos of the University of Bedfordshire, one of the universities that worked on the study. “Poor mental health and loneliness are significant health concerns and we have demonstrated that robots can help relieve these.” However, according to users, there were some problems, like distracting head and hand movements, not enough cultural awareness, and surface conversations. Papadopoulos said that Pepper is still being developed and it would take two to three more years of research and development before similar robots could be used in care homes. He also said Pepper wouldn’t replace human careers, but could help to improve the mental health of the elderly. 12. What can Pepper do for the elderly? A. Make decisions for them. B. Introduce different cultures to them. C. Remind them of some important things. D. Provide some simple medical treatments. 13. What do we know about the project? A. It proves helpful for the elderly. B. It was funded by the UK and Japan. C. It lasted three years with confirmed results. D. It aims to create robots with thinking ability. 14. What does the underlined word “groundbreaking” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Deserving. B. Innovative. C. Ordinary. D. Rewarding. 15. What can be inferred about the robot? A. It is for sale on the market currently. B. It is a success without any weakness. C. It will replace caretakers in care homes. D. It provides a way of company for the elderly. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是名为Pepper的人工智能机器人在英国和日本的养老院进行的测试情况及其初步效果。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It can play the radio and is also able to remind people about important dates or to take medication.(它可以播放收音机，还能提醒人们重要的日期或吃药。)”可知，Pepper能给老年人提醒一些重要的事情。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“The study found that older adults who spent up to 18 hours over two weeks with the robot saw a significant improvement in their mental health and a small decrease in loneliness.(研究发现，老年人在两周内花18个小时与机器人在一起，他们的心理健康有了显著改善，孤独感也有了小幅下降。)”可知，事实证明，这个项目对老年人很有帮助。故选A。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“because it is the first and largest ever investigation into the use of autonomous social robots for older adults in care settings(因为这是有史以来第一次也是最大的一次关于在护理机构中使用自主社交机器人的调查)”可知，这项研究具有开创性，划线词groundbreaking的意思是“开创性的”，和innovative意思相近，故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The study found that older adults who spent up to 18 hours over two weeks with the robot saw a significant improvement in their mental health and a small decrease in loneliness.(研究发现，老年人在两周内花18个小时与机器人在一起，他们的心理健康有了显著改善，孤独感也有了小幅下降。)”可知，机器人为老年人提供了一种陪伴的方式。故选D。 （三） （23-24高二下·四川德阳市·期末统考） （1） Reading books brings with it numerous benefits. Reading gives people the opportunity to explore new worlds and meet new people both real and imagined. It also expands our knowledge and understanding of the world around us and those far away. To celebrate the wonderment of books and writers, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) established 23 April as World Book and Copyright Day in 1995. However, it got its start long before that in Spain. Setting aside a day to celebrate books goes back to Spanish writer Vicente Clavel Andrés. In 1922 he proposed the idea as a way to honor fellow countryman author Miguel de Cervantes. Four years later the first celebration took place on 7 October, Cervantes’ birthday, but was moved to 23 April, the date of his death, in 1930. In 1995, the UNESCO General Conference decided to pay homage (敬意) to authors and books world-wide as a way of encouraging everyone to access books. Choosing 23 April seemed a logical choice, besides being the date of Cervante’s death, it also happens to be the date William Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died. Additionally, several distinguished authors were born on 23 April, making it a symbolic date in the world literature. Annually since 2001, one city around the world is chosen to be the UNESCO World Book Capital for a year. The selected city is responsible for carrying out activities within this year to encourage “a culture of reading and spread its values in all ages and population groups in and out of the national borders.” The idea was put forward by Spain in 2001, and Madrid was chosen to be the first capital, followed by Alexandria and then New Delhi. Those cities are chosen each year by the Director-General of UNESCO and an advisory committee made up of representatives from international organizations representing authors, libraries and publishers. UNESCO has named Accra as the 2023World Book Capital. 4. Which is NOT the benefit of reading books? A. It broadens people’s horizons. B. It helps people better understand the world. C It gives people free tickets to travel. D. It allows people to connect with others. 5. Which of the following words has the closest meaning with the underlined one in Para. 2? A. Admiration B. Advantage C. Amusement D. Attempt 6. Why did the UNESCO General Conference establish 23 April as World Book Day? A. Because it seemed a convenient day for celebration. B. Because many great writers have some connection with this day. C. Because Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died on the day. D. Because Spain writer Vicente Clavel Andrés recommended that day. 7. What will the writer probably continue to write? A. Last World Book Capital. B. A brief introduction to Accra. C. The location of a World Book Capital. D. The function of a World Book Capital. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了阅读书籍的益处，世界图书和版权日的起源，以及联合国教科文组织世界图书之都的相关情况。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Reading books brings with it numerous benefits. Reading gives people the opportunity to explore new worlds and meet new people both real and imagined. It also expands our knowledge and understanding of the world around us and those far away.(读书带来无数的好处。读书给了人们探索新世界和认识真实和想象中的人的机会。它也扩大了我们对我们周围的世界和远方世界的知识和理解) ”可知，读书可以拓宽人们的视野，帮助人们更好地理解世界，并让人们能够与他人建立联系。但是并没有提到读书会给人免费旅行的票。故选C。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“To celebrate the…of books and writers, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)established 23 April as World Book and Copyright Day in 1995. However, it got its start long before that in Spain(为了庆祝书籍和作家的……，联合国教育、科学及文化组织（UNESCO）于1995年将4月23日设立为世界图书和版权日。然而，这一节日的起源远早于此，始于西班牙)”可知，提到了联合国教科文组织设立世界图书与版权日是为了庆祝书籍和作家的奇迹。由此可以推测“celebrate”的意思与A项“Admiration(引人赞美的人或物)”最为接近。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Choosing 23 April seemed a logical choice, besides being the date of Cervante’s death, it also happens to be the date William Shakespeare and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega died. Additionally, several distinguished authors were born on 23 April, making it a symbolic date in the world literature.(选择4月23日似乎是一个合乎逻辑的选择，除了是塞万提斯去世的日子，这一天也恰好是威廉·莎士比亚和印加·加西拉索·德拉韦加去世的日子。此外，几位杰出的作家是在4月23日出生的，这使它成为了世界文学中的象征性日期)”可知，许多伟大的作家都与这一天有联系，这是联合国教科文组织将4月23日定为世界图书日的原因之一。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。文章最后一段提到了“UNESCO has named Accra as the 2023 World Book Capital(联合国教科文组织已将阿克拉命名为2023年世界图书之都)”可知，此处提到了世界图书之都，但并未涉及该组织的功能，接下来作者可能会继续写关于世界图书之都的功能，因为这符合文章讨论的主题。故选D。 （2） According to a study done by University of Michigan researchers in 2017, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and as a result, shoppers were three times less sad compared to those that only browsed (浏览) for items. More than half of the 1,000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma said they have impulsively (冲动地) shopped to deal with feelings of stress, anxiety or depression. 23 percent of respondents (被调查对象) said they’ve maxed out a credit card in the past year. Young, roughly under 40 years old, 68 percent, responded by saying they have stress spent in the past, compared to 53 percent of those aged between 43-58 and only 26 percent of senior people. In regard to genders, 48 percent of men and 31 percent of women who have stress spent said they had purchased alcohol when stressed. Eighty-two percent of women stress spent on clothing compared to 52 percent of men. Women also lead stress spending for jewellery, 42 percent, compared to 22 percent for men with men stress spending more for electronics 44 percent while 30 percent for women. In fact, shopping to reduce stress can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. Shopping to relieve stress is also called retail therapy (购物疗法) as a form of regulating stress. The survey found that 82 percent had positive feelings about their purchases and that the positive mood that followed those purchases was long-lasting. Every coin has two sides, and the side effects of retail therapy are not to be overlooked. To avoid those results, the following tips may count. 1. Prepare a shopping list Whether you’re purchasing Christmas presents or buying groceries, having the items you need written down will provide you with clarity and order while you’ re shopping. Reward yourself for sticking to your list and you’ll be more likely to stick to it: buy a cup of coffee while shopping or plan a fun activity when you return home. 2. Avoid temptations (诱惑) Think about what you struggle with most financially. Make a list of where your money is going and take necessary steps to avoid temptations. For example, if you spend too much money on dining out on the weekends, stock your cupboard with groceries on Friday so you’ll be more likely to stay in and cook. 3. Don’t keep up with the Joneses Give up the need to keep up with your neighbors, co-workers, and friends. Everyone’s financial situation is different and it depends upon a variety of factors. Comparison leads to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have. Appreciate what you currently have by being thankful. 8. What have researchers from University of Michigan found? A. Shoppers tend to be less sad than browsers. B. Shopping can contribute to anxiety and stress. C. Shopping helps ease pressure most effectively. D. Shopping is the best way to give people a sense of control. 9. From the survey conducted in 2017, what can be inferred? A. Men responded to stress more actively than women. B. Consumption habits were the same among different genders. C. The younger the people were, the more likely they were to have stress spent. D. Only 23% of the respondents shopped to deal with stress or depression. 10. Which of the following is true according to the tips in the passage? A. Prepare a shopping list, and you will shop quickly. B. Cooking by yourself helps you resist all temptations. C. “Keep up with the Joneses” means “Compare with others” D. The three tips will help us avoid impulsive shopping completely. 11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Does shopping help reduce stress? B. How can we cope with stress? C. What advantages does retail therapy have? D. Why do women tend to shop under depression? 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了购物作为缓解压力方式的利弊，强调其正面效果的同时，也提出了规避负面影响的建议。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“According to a study done by University of Michigan researchers in 2017, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and as a result, shoppers were three times less sad compared to those that only browsed (浏览) for items.(根据密歇根大学研究人员在2017年进行的一项研究，购物以减轻压力的效果是给予人们控制感的40倍，并且结果发现，与那些仅浏览商品的人相比，购物者的悲伤感低三倍。)”可知，密歇根大学的研究人员发现了购物最有效地缓解压力。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“More than half of the 1,000 consumers surveyed by Credit Karma said they have impulsively (冲动地) shopped to deal with feelings of stress, anxiety or depression. 23 percent of respondents ( 被调查对象 ) said they’ve maxed out a credit card in the past year.(Credit Karma对1000名消费者的调查显示，超过半数的人曾因压力、焦虑或抑郁而冲动购物。23%的受访者表示在过去的一年里他们的信用卡透支了。)”和第三段“Young, roughly under 40 years old, 68 percent, responded by saying they have stress spent in the past, compared to 53 percent of those aged between 43-58 and only 26 percent of senior people.(大约40岁以下的年轻人中，有68%表示他们曾因压力而消费，相比之下，43-58岁年龄段的人中有53%，而老年人中只有26%。)”可知，从2017年进行的调查中，可以推断出人们越年轻，就越有可能因压力而消费。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。由文章最后一部分的第三个建议“Don’t keep up with the Joneses(不要与邻居攀比)”中的“Give up the need to keep up with your neighbors, co-workers, and friends. Everyone’s financial situation is different and it depends upon a variety of factors. Comparison leads to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have. Appreciate what you currently have by being thankful.(放弃与邻居、同事和朋友攀比的需要。每个人的财务状况都不同，这取决于多种因素。比较会导致债务和对你已经拥有的东西不满意。通过感恩来欣赏你现在所拥有的。)”可知，根据文章中的建议，下列选项正确的是C（“Keep up with the Joneses”意味着“与他人比较”）。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“According to a study done by University of Michigan, shopping to reduce stress was 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were three times less sad than those only looking at items.(根据密歇根大学研究人员在2017年进行的一项研究，购物以减轻压力的效果是给予人们控制感的40倍，并且结果发现，与那些仅浏览商品的人相比，购物者的悲伤感低三倍。)”和第四段“Despite the in-time joy from purchases, stress shopping never proves a long-lasting cure to stress or depression. (尽管购物带来了及时的快乐，但压力购物从未被证明是治疗压力或抑郁的持久方法。)”可知，本文主要讨论了压力购物是否能减轻压力，文章最好的标题是A选项（购物是否有助于减轻压力？）。故选A。 （3） Making the decision to put efforts in healthy lifestyle changes is not easy. Making sustainable lifestyle changes is a process that takes time, devotion and patience. Psychologists have found that it takes an average of 66 days for a new habit to become automatic (无意识的), but the truth is that building and maintaining lifestyle changes is highly dependent on each individual. However, there are some easy strategies that can help you develop a lifestyle change plan that works for you. Focus on the whole picture. Lifestyle changes are like a puzzle (拼图). There are many pieces that make the whole picture. Building habits in only one area of the puzzle will leave your picture lacking dimension (维度). Your physical, mental, and emotional health all work together to make or break lifestyle changes, so it is important to understand how they all interact when setting up your lifestyle change plan. Set realistic and achievable goals. The goals you set for yourself are necessary for total success in changing your lifestyle. Focus on setting goals that are realistic. Instead of expecting to run a marathon (马拉松) in six months, shoot for running a 5-kilometer race then work up to the marathon. Setting realistic goals that you can achieve and then building on them will help you keep going. Adopt new habits slowly and build on success. Building habits takes time. Be patient with yourself and understand that the fastest way forward isn’t always the smartest way forward. The goal in creating lifestyle changes isn’t to get to the finish line as quickly as possible. The goal is to build habits that are sustainable in your everyday life. So give yourself time to start small and build on success so that the result is reliable. 12. What does paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A. 66 days are more than enough to change one’s life. B. It is not easy to make long-term lifestyle changes. C. People pay little attention to changing their lifestyles. D. Individuals follow the same way to form a new habit. 13. What does the sentence “Lifestyle changes are like a puzzle.” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. Lifestyle changes make the life very colorful and meaningful. B. Interacting with others gets the plan about life to go smoothly. C. Finding the right pieces for lifestyle changes is a difficult task. D. Lifestyle changes require different elements to work together. 14. Why does the author refer to marathon in Paragraph 3? A. To encourage people to set challenging goals. B. To show the importance of professional sports. C. To advise people to be realistic about the goals. D. To compare it with various types of races in life. 15. What’s the tone of this passage? A. Humorous B. Persuasive C. Critical D. Argumentative 【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了一些可以帮助读者制定适合自己的生活方式改变计划的策略，并对此加以介绍。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句“Making the decision to put efforts in healthy lifestyle changes is not easy. Making sustainable lifestyle changes is a process that takes time, devotion and patience.(做出努力改变健康生活方式的决定并不容易。改变可持续的生活方式是一个需要时间、奉献和耐心的过程。)”可知，第一段主要是讲改变长期的生活方式并不容易。故选B。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Your physical, mental, and emotional health all work together to make or break lifestyle changes, so it is important to understand how they all interact when setting up your lifestyle change plan.(你的身体、精神和情感健康共同影响着生活方式的改变，所以在制定生活方式改变计划时，了解它们是如何相互作用的是很重要的。)”可知，“Lifestyle changes are like a puzzle.”的意思是生活方式的改变需要不同的因素共同作用。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Setting realistic goals that you can achieve and then building on them will help you keep going.(设定你能实现的现实目标，然后在此基础上继续努力，这会帮助你继续前进。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到马拉松是为了建议人们对目标要现实一些。故选C。 15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“However, there are some easy strategies that can help you develop a lifestyle change plan that works for you.(然而，有一些简单的策略可以帮助你制定一个适合你的生活方式改变计划。)”，第二段第一句“Focus on the whole picture.(关注全局。)”和后四句“Lifestyle changes are like a puzzle (拼图). There are many pieces that make the whole picture. Building habits in only one area of the puzzle will leave your picture lacking dimension (维度). Your physical, mental, and emotional health all work together to make or break lifestyle changes, so it is important to understand how they all interact when setting up your lifestyle change plan.(生活方式的改变就像一个拼图。有许多部分构成了整个画面。只在拼图的一个领域培养习惯会让你的画面缺乏维度。你的身体、精神和情感健康共同影响着生活方式的改变，所以在制定生活方式改变计划时，了解它们是如何相互作用的是很重要的。)”可知，作者提出了一些策略并对其解释和说明，起到让读者理解并接受的作用，所以这篇文章的基调是说服性的。故选B。 （四） （23-24高二下·四川乐山市·期末统考） The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS ) has released the highest -resolution geological maps of the Moon yet. The Geologic Atlas (地图集) of the Lunar Globe, which took more than 100 researchers over a decade to complete, reveals a total of 12,341 craters (火山口) ,81 basins and 17 rock types, along with other basic geological information about the lunar surface. The maps were made at the unheard-of scale of 1:2,500,000． Jianzhong Liu, a geochemist at the CAS Institute of Geochemistry in Guiyang and co-leader of the project, says that existing Moon maps date from the 1960s and 1970s. “The US Geological Survey used data from the Apollo missions to create a number of geological maps of the Moon, including a global map at the scale of 1:5,000,000 and some regional, higher-accuracy ones near the landing sites,” he says. “Since then, our knowledge of the Moon has advanced greatly, and those maps could no longer meet the needs for future lunar research and exploration.” The atlas used data from China’s lunar exploration programme, especially the Chang’e -1 mission’s observation of lunar topography (地形) and geological structures, according to Liu. Observations made on the Moon’s surface by the Chang’e -3 and Chang’e -4 lander missions in 2013 and 2019, respectively, helped to confirm the accuracy of the Chang’e -1 data. The atlas team also used data from missions such as the GRAIL and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, both launched by NASA, and India’s Chandrayaan-1 probe. “Contributing to lunar science is a profound way for China to establish its potential role as a scientific powerhouse in the decades to come,” says Mitchell, a geophysicist at the CAS Institute of Geology and Geophysics in Beijing. With the update d atlas, scientists will be able to better understand the history of the Moon, find potential lunar resources and conduct comparative geological studies. Liu says the completed atlas has been put into a cloud platform called the Digital Moon, and will eventually become available to the international research community. 12. Why does the author mention the Apollo-era maps in paragraph 2? A. To show their hard work. B. To praise their significance. C. To stress the need for new lunar maps. D. To introduce the origin of lunar maps. 13. What can we learn about The Geologic Atlas of the Lunar Globe? A. It is much more accurate than Apollo-era maps. B. It reveals geological features of the landing sites. C. It was mainly based on the observations of Chang’e-3 and 4 missions. D. It provides data for other countries’ lunar missions, such as the GRAIL. 14. What is the importance of the new lunar atlas? A. It confirms the accuracy of previous Moon maps. B. It helps scientists to learn deeper about the Moon. C. It reveals the Moon’s history and geological features. D. It is the only lunar atlas that opens to all countries. 15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Geological Studies of the Moon B. China’s Lunar Exploration Missions C. The Development of the Moon Maps D. The Most Detailed Moon Atlas Ever Made 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国科学院(CAS)发布了迄今为止分辨率最高的月球地质图。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Jianzhong Liu, a geochemist at the CAS Institute of Geochemistry in Guiyang and co-leader of the project, says that existing Moon maps date from the 1960s and 1970s.(中国科学院贵阳地球化学研究所的地球化学家、该项目的联合负责人刘建忠说，现有的月球地图可以追溯到20世纪60年代和70年代。)”可知，现在的月球地图已是20世纪60年代和70年代制作作，结合下文中“Since then, our knowledge of the Moon has advanced greatly, and those maps could no longer meet the needs for future lunar research and exploration.(从那时起，我们对月球的认识有了很大的进步，那些地图已经不能满足未来月球研究和探索的需要。)”可知，从那以后，那些地图已经不能满足未来月球研究和探索的需要，由此可知，第二段提到阿波罗时代的地图是为了强调需要新的月球地图。故选C项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The atlas used data from China’s lunar exploration programme, especially the Chang’e -1 mission’s observation of lunar topography (地形) and geological structures, according to Liu. Observations made on the Moon’s surface by the Chang’e -3 and Chang’e -4 lander missions in 2013 and 2019, respectively, helped to confirm the accuracy of the Chang’e -1 data. The atlas team also used data from missions such as the GRAIL and the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, both launched by NASA, and India’s Chandrayaan-1 probe.(据刘介绍，该地图集使用了中国月球探测计划的数据，特别是嫦娥一号任务对月球地形(地形)和地质结构的观测数据。2013年和2019年，“嫦娥三号”和“嫦娥四号”着陆器分别在月球表面进行了观测，帮助证实了“嫦娥一号”数据的准确性。地图集小组还使用了来自GRAIL和月球勘测轨道器(都是由美国宇航局发射的)以及印度的月船1号探测器的数据。)”可知，该地图集运用的是中国月球探测计划的数据，而该数据的准确性得到了“嫦娥三号”和“嫦娥四号”在月球表面进行的观察的证实，而且该地图集还使用了由美国宇航局发射的GRAIL和月球勘测轨道器所提供的数据，由此可推断，该月球地图集比阿波罗时代的地图集更准确。故选A项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据尾段中的“With the update d atlas, scientists will be able to better understand the history of the Moon, find potential lunar resources and conduct comparative geological studies. (有了最新的地图集，科学家们将能够更好地了解月球的历史，寻找潜在的月球资源，并进行比较地质研究。)”可知，使用新的地图集帮助科学家更好地了解地球历史，寻找潜在的月球资源，并进行比较地质研究，由此可知，新的地图集有助于科学家更深入地了解月球。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS ) has released the highest -resolution geological maps of the Moon yet. (中国科学院(CAS)发布了迄今为止分辨率最高的月球地质图。)”和“The maps were made at the unheard-of scale of 1:2,500,000.(这些地图的比例尺是1:25万，这是闻所未闻的。)”以及下文中介绍的该月球地图集制作的意义、使用的数据来源以及其重要性可知，本文主要介绍的是由中科院发布的迄今为止清晰度最高的月球地图集，所以题目“有史以来最详细的月球地图集”与本文内容吻合，且概括了本文的主题，适合为最佳标题。故选D项。 （五） （23-24高二下·四川泸州市·期末统考） （1） Brushing your teeth effectively lowers your chances of getting a host of tooth diseases. But the majority ofus are running in the opposite direction. In Sweden, one study found as few as one in ten people practice the best brushing technique.The British health insurer Bupa found that almost half of respondents did not know how to brush their teeth properly in a survey of 2,000 people in the UK. So what exactly are most of us getting wrong, and how can we change our routine to make sure we brush our teeth effectively? Here’s how to appropriately brush your teeth, according to experts. “Lots of patients understand that what they need to do is remove food remains,” says Josefine Hirschfeld, associate professor and specialist in restorative dentistry at the University of Birmingham. “That is only partially true. It’s much more significant to remove bacteria from the teeth.” These bacteria, around 700 different species, and other microorganisms grow inside everyone’s mouth. “They are living in the sticky film stuck to the teeth and also to the soft tissues,” adds Hirschfeld. “This sticky film can’t be easily rinsed off-it really needs to be manually cleaned.” Actually, the crucial place to remove it from is not the teeth but the gumline (牙龈). Honestly, “brushing your teeth” is something of a misnomer. “Think of brushing your gumline, rather than the teeth themselves,” says Hirschfeld. Is it better to brush your teeth before or after breakfast? Nigel Carter, chief executive of the Oral Health Foundation in the UK, says: “It depends on what you’ve had to eat. More important than the breakfast question is the evening brush, which also has a simpler answer: it should always happen last thing before bed.” And he adds, “Your saliva (口水) is your natural protective mechanism, restricting bacterial growth and tooth decay. The saliva flow reduces overnight, so that’s why it’s vital that all the plaque (牙菌斑) is cleared away before you sleep.” 8. What’s the main purpose of Paragraph 2? A. To show a cultural difference. B. To compare two study results. C. To Introduce two wrong examples. D. To present a practical background. 9. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A. The way to clean teeth correctly. B. The process to deal with food remains. C. The importance of keeping moths clean. D. The consequence of getting into a routine. 10. What is your understanding of “a misnomer“ in Paragraph 4? A. A poor performance. B. A strange mindset. C. An inaccurate expression. D. An unnatural behavior. 11. What can we learn from Nigel Carter’s reply? A. It’s best to clean teeth before breakfast. B. It’s easy to brush away the plaque before bed. C. The saliva flow contributes to the tooth preservation. D. Brushing at night is more effective than any other time. 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了有效刷牙对于预防牙齿疾病的重要性，指出多数人刷牙方法不当，并提供了专家建议，强调应着重清理牙龈线以去除细菌，而非仅关注牙齿表面，同时指出了早晚刷牙的最佳实践，特别是睡前刷牙更为关键，以利用唾液的天然保护作用防止夜间细菌滋生和牙齿腐蚀。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“In Sweden, one study found as few as one in ten people practice the best brushing technique. The British health insurer Bupa found that almost half of respondents did not know how to brush their teeth properly in a survey of 2,000 people in the UK.(在瑞典，一项研究发现，只有十分之一的人采用最佳刷牙方法。英国健康保险公司Bupa在对英国2000人进行的一项调查中发现，近一半的受访者不知道如何正确刷牙)”可知，这一段通过提供瑞典和英国关于刷牙技巧掌握情况的研究数据，呈现了一个实际的背景，表明许多人并不知道如何正确地刷牙。故选D。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。第三段中Josefine Hirschfeld提到““That is only partially true. It’s much more significant to remove bacteria from the teeth.” These bacteria, around 700 different species, and other microorganisms grow inside everyone’s mouth. “They are living in the sticky film stuck to the teeth and also to the soft tissues,” adds Hirschfeld. “This sticky film can’t be easily rinsed off-it really needs to be manually cleaned.”(“这只是部分正确。清除牙齿上的细菌更为重要。”这些细菌，大约有700种不同的种类，以及其他微生物生长在每个人的口腔内。赫希菲尔德补充说:“它们生活在粘在牙齿和软组织上的粘性薄膜中。”“这种粘稠的薄膜不容易洗掉——它真的需要人工清洁。”)”这表明本段主要讲述的是正确清洁牙齿的方式，即去除牙齿上的细菌和粘附在牙齿上的粘膜。故选A。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在段落“Actually, the crucial place to remove it from is not the teeth but the gumline (牙龈). Honestly, “brushing your teeth” is something of a misnomer. “Think of brushing your gumline, rather than the teeth themselves,” says Hirschfeld.(实际上，清除它的关键部位不是牙齿，而是牙龈线。老实说，“刷牙”有点a misnomer。“想想刷牙的牙龈线，而不是牙齿本身，”赫希菲尔德说)”Hirschfeld指出，“brushing your teeth”某种程度上是个误称，因为实际上我们应该关注的是刷牙龈线，而不是牙齿本身。这表明“brushing your teeth”这一表达在一定程度上是不准确的。“misnomer”意为“误称、不恰当的名称”。故选C。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段Nigel Carter解释说““Your saliva (口水) is your natural protective mechanism, restricting bacterial growth and tooth decay. The saliva flow reduces overnight, so that’s why it’s vital that all the plaque (牙菌斑) is cleared away before you sleep.”(“你的唾液是你的自然保护机制，限制细菌生长和蛀牙。唾液流量在夜间会减少，所以在睡觉前清除所有的牙菌斑是至关重要的。”)”，这表明唾液流动有助于牙齿的保护，因为它能限制细菌生长和蛀牙。故选C。 （2） Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed a portable novel device that can remove particles and salts to generate drinking water. Driven by a small and portable solar panel, the suitcase-sized device requires less power to operate than a cellphone charger. It automatically generates drinking water with the push of one button. The desalination (脱盐) device relies on a technique called Ion Concentration Polarization (ICP),which was discovered by the research group more than 10 years ago. Rather than filtering (过滤) water, the ICP process applies an electrical field to membranes (膜状物) placed above and below a channel of water. The process removes both dissolved and suspended solids, allowing clean water to pass through the channel. Since it only requires a low-pressure pump, ICP uses less energy than other techniques. But ICP does not always remove all the salts floating in the middle of the channel. Unlike other portable devices this one makes use of electrical power to remove particles from drinking water and gets rid of replacement filters, reducing much maintenance expense. This could enable it to be employed in remote and severely resource-limited areas. It could also be used to aid refugees fleeing natural disasters or by soldiers carrying out long-term military operations. After running lab experiments, they field-tested the device at Boston’s Carson Beach. Although it was quite exciting and surprising, the resulting water went beyond World Health Organization’s quality guidelines, and the device generates drinking water at a rate of 0.3liter per hour. Junghyo Yoon, a research scientist, says, “Right now we are pushing our research to improve the production rate and hoping to make it more convenient for users and increase its energy efficiency.” “How the device could be used by everyone is one of the biggest challenges for us,” Han states. “Another limitation is the use of expensive materials. It would be interesting to see similar systems with low-cost materials.” 12. Where does the device get its power? A. From a cellphone charger. B. From a low-pressure pump. C. From a small size suitcase. D. From a portable solar panel. 13. What do we know about ICP? A. It is energy-saving and user-friendly. B. It is completely new to MIT researchers. C. It is vital to have a filter and electric field. D. It is able to get rid of all salts from sea water. 14. What can be inferred about the device from the last paragraph? A. It isn’t widely available for the public. B. There’s no need for researchers to promote it. C. Its water production efficiency is satisfactory. D. Its lab experiments and field tests are a failure. 15. What can be the best title for the passage? A. Remove Solids for Desalination B. Push the Button for Drinking Water C. Use Filters for Natural Disasters D. Protect Water Sources for the Future 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种便携式新型设备，可以去除颗粒和盐分来生产饮用水。文章主要介绍了这种设备的工作原理、优点以及未来应用前景等情况。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Driven by a small and portable solar panel, the suitcase-sized device requires less power to operate than a cellphone charger.(由一个小型便携式太阳能电池板驱动，这个手提箱大小的设备比手机充电器需要更少的电力)”可知，设备从便携式太阳能电池板获得电力。故选D。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Since it only requires a low-pressure pump, ICP uses less energy than other techniques.(由于它只需要一个低压泵，因此ICP比其他技术消耗更少的能量)”以及第三段“This could enable it to be employed in remote and severely resource-limited areas. It could also be used to aid refugees fleeing natural disasters or by soldiers carrying out long-term military operations.(这可以使它能够在偏远和资源严重有限的地区使用。它还可以用来帮助逃离自然灾害的难民，或由执行长期军事行动的士兵使用)”可知，ICP既节能又方便。故选A。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“How the device could be used by everyone is one of the biggest challenges for us(如何让每个人都能使用这个设备是我们面临的最大挑战之一)”可知，设备公众还不能广泛使用。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers have developed a portable novel device that can remove particles and salts to generate drinking water.(麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种便携式新型设备，可以去除颗粒和盐分来生产饮用水)”结合文章主要介绍了这种设备的工作原理、优点以及未来应用前景等情况。可知，B选项“按饮水按钮”最符合文章标题。故选B。 （六） （23-24高二下·四川达州市·期末校考） Recently, an experimental pair of gloves has been invented. It isn’t fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm. Instead, it serves a different purpose: teaching piano and other hands-on skills. MIT graduate student Yiyue Luo and her colleagues created these “smart gloves” using touch technology. Researchers used the gloves to record one pianist’s hand movements while playing a song. They then received and sent on those movements to a student through fingertip vibrations. This will help the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater accuracy. “Hand-based movements like piano playing are difficult to record and transfer.” Luo says. “But with these gloves, we can track one person’s touch experience and share it with another person to improve their touch learning process.” When a piano teacher wearing the gloves repeatedly performed a tune, a machine-learning algorithm (算法) processed their movement on the keys and translated it into vibrations. Students wearing their own gloves then attempted to play the same tune, with the fingertip vibrations guiding them through proper movements. By the trials’ (试验) end, students who had practiced with the gloves could play more accurately than those who had not. “This type of learning is like when you’re first starting to ride a bike,” says engineer Marcia O’Malley. “You use the training wheels to get the feeling of properly riding the bike. Eventually you take them off and start to ride independently.” Playing piano is often just for fun, but O’Malley adds that, with an improved algorithm, the new glove technology can someday help to teach crucial practices such as surgeries. “When vibration is actually felt directly at the point of action, we can act and learn quicker and with that, there’s so much potential.” she says. 12. Who are the experimental gloves suitable for? A. Pupils learning skills from craftsmen. B. Performers planning shows for a theatre. C. Professors giving lecture to the students. D. Policemen asking criminals for information. 13. What is the advantage of the gloves? A. Aiding learners to build up muscle. B. Making touch learning process easier. C. Improving the speed of piano playing. D. Teaching varieties of hand movements. 14. Why is the example of learning to ride a bike mentioned? A. To offer supporting evidence. B. To explain the type of learning. C. To show the differences. D. To suggest another possibility. 15. What is O’Malley’s attitude toward the new glove technology? A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Approving. D. Unclear. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由麻省理工学院研究生罗一悦及其团队发明的“智能手套”。该手套利用触控技术，通过记录并传输钢琴家的手部动作，帮助学习者建立肌肉记忆，提高演奏准确性。这项技术未来还可能应用于教学手术等关键实践领域。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recently, an experimental pair of gloves has been invented. It isn’t fashionable or useful for keeping anyone’s hands warm. Instead, it serves a different purpose: teaching piano and other hands-on skills.(最近，一副实验性的手套被发明出来。它既不时尚，也不实用，不能给任何人的手保暖。相反，它有一个不同的用途：教授钢琴和其他动手技能)”和第三段中“Students wearing their own gloves then attempted to play the same tune, with the fingertip vibrations guiding them through proper movements.(然后，学生们戴上自己的手套，试着弹奏同样的曲子，指尖的振动引导他们做出正确的动作)”可知，这种实验性手套可用于钢琴和其他需要动手技能的教学。因此，这种实验性手套适合正在从工匠那里学习技能的学生，因为这种学习与动手技能相关。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This will help the learner build muscle memory and perform the piece with greater accuracy.(这将有助于学习者建立肌肉记忆，并更准确地演奏乐曲)”和““Hand-based movements like piano playing are difficult to record and transfer.” Luo says. “But with these gloves, we can track one person’s touch experience and share it with another person to improve their touch learning process.”(“像钢琴演奏这样的手部动作很难记录和转移。”罗说。“但有了这种手套，我们可以追踪一个人的触摸体验，并与另一个人分享，以改善他们的触摸学习过程。”)”可知，这种手套可以使钢琴学习过程变得更加容易。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“By the trials’ (试验) end, students who had practiced with the gloves could play more accurately than those who had not. “This type of learning is like when you’re first starting to ride a bike,” says engineer Marcia O’Malley. “You use the training wheels to get the feeling of properly riding the bike. Eventually you take them off and start to ride independently.”(实验结束时，戴手套练习的学生比不戴手套的学生弹奏得更准确。“这种学习方式就像你第一次开始骑自行车一样，”工程师玛西娅·奥马利说。“你使用辅助轮来获得正确骑自行车的感觉。最终你会把它们取下来，开始独立骑行。”)”可知，段中把使用辅助轮学习骑自行车与使用手套学习弹钢琴进行类比，是为了解释手套辅助这一新的学习类型。故选B项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段O’Malley的话“When vibration is actually felt directly at the point of action, we can act and learn quicker and with that, there’s so much potential.(当振动在行动点上被直接感受到时，我们可以更快地行动和学习，有了它，就有了这么大的潜力)”可以推知，O’Malley认为这种新型手套辅助学习技术是有效果的，持赞成态度。故选C项。 （七） （23-24高二下·四川资阳市·期末统考） （1） Countless cicadas (蝉) are coming to the United States. Two groups of the red-eyed flying insects are emerging from the ground this month. People in the Midwest and Southeast should expect a noisy season. Brood XIX cicadas show up every 13 years. Brood XIII cicadas show up every 17 years. The last time these two groups arrived together was more than two hundred years ago, in 1803 when Thomas Jefferson was the President of the United States, and we won’t see this situation again until 2245. For more than a decade, they live in holes seven to eight inches underground, and then, when they’re mature enough, they make their way out. Weeks before they’re expected to emerge, cicadas build tunnels (隧道) to the surface. But they don’t come out of their holes until the soil temperature warms up to about 18℃. But they don’t live very long once they’re out of the ground. After they emerge, they have only four to six weeks to mate before they die. Periodical (周期) cicadas are about an inch long. They’re identified by their big red eyes. There’re seven different species, three of which surface every 17 years. The other four emerge every 13 years. Cicadas will be seen across several states. Probably only two — Illinois and Indiana — will get to see both groups. The male cicada’s mating call is loud. Many people find it annoying. But cicadas are harmless to humans. They don’t bite. Actually, they can have a positive impact on nearby plants and animals. They’re a great food source for birds. And they’re beneficial for the soil as they decompose after they survive on the ground for 4-6 weeks. Cicadas won’t be harmful to flowers or fruit. Female cicadas can damage a young tree if they lay their eggs in its branches. To protect trees, Mount St. Joseph University, in Ohio, suggests wrapping a tree’s branches with cloth to keep cicadas away. 8. Which best describes Brood XIX and Brood XIII’s emerging together? A. Eventful. B. Risky. C. Rare. D. Harmful. 9. What is special about Brood XIX and Brood XIII? A. They spend most of their life underground. B. They have to live in soil that is above 18℃. C. They usually grow faster on hot summer days. D. They come out through the tunnels to feed. 10. What does the underlined word “decompose” mean in the last paragraph? A. Move away. B. Turn around. C. Hang out. D. Break up. 11. What’s the best title for the text? A. Species of Cicadas B. Cicadas’ Advantages C. Human and Cicada D. Periodical Cicadas’ World 【答案】8 C 9. A 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两组红眼睛的蝉这个月从地面出现，给中西部和东南部的人们带来了一个喧闹的季节。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Brood XIX cicadas show up every 13 years. Brood XIII cicadas show up every 17 years. The last time these two groups arrived together was more than two hundred years ago, in 1803 when Thomas Jefferson was the President of the United States, and we won’t see this situation again until 2245.( Brood XIX蝉每13年出现一次。Brood XIII蝉每17年出现一次。这两个群体上一次一起出现是在200多年前，在1803年，当担任美国总统的时候。我们要到2245年才能再看到这种情况。)”可知，Brood XIX和Brood XIII一起出现是200年前了，下一次一起出现又是2245年的事了，故它们一起出现的频率很低，很罕见，故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For more than a decade, they live in holes seven to eight inches underground, and then, when they’re mature enough, they make their way out. Weeks before they’re expected to emerge, cicadas build tunnels (隧道) to the surface. But they don’t come out of their holes until the soil temperature warms up to about 18℃. But they don’t live very long once they’re out of the ground.(十多年来，它们一直生活在地下七到八英尺的洞里。然后，当它们足够成熟时，它们会出来。在它们可能出现的前几周，蝉会在地表面建造隧道。但直到土壤温度上升到18度左右，它们才会从洞里出来。但一旦它们离开地下，它们的寿命就不会很长。)”可知，蝉会在洞里待十几年，成熟了就到地面上来，来到地面后，它们的寿命就不会太长，因此它们一生的大多数时候都是在地下，故选A。 【10题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词前文的内容“And they’re beneficial for the soil(它们对土壤有好处)”以及前文“But they don’t live very long once they’re out of the ground.(但一旦它们离开地下，它们的寿命就不会很长。)”可知，它们离开地下后不久就会死去，即它们在地上生活4-6周后，它们便会死去，死后对土壤有好处，这说明它们的尸体在土壤中进行分解，故此处划线词与D项“Break up (分解)”意思相近，故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Countless cicadas (蝉) are coming to the United States. Two groups of the red-eyed flying insects are emerging from the ground this month. People in the Midwest and Southeast should expect a noisy season.(无数的蝉正来到美国。两组红眼睛的飞虫这个月从地面出现。中西部和东南部的人们应该会有一个喧闹的季节。)”可知，文章围绕周期性蝉的出现展开，首段提出了两组红眼睛的蝉来到了地面上，且后文进一步介绍了它们到来的时间以及它们对农作物的好处，以及如何预防它们给树带来的损坏，故D项“Periodical Cicadas’ World(周期蝉的世界)”符合文章标题，故选D。 （2） Boys whose classmates think reading is for girls are more likely to perform poorly in this area, a new study suggests. To conduct the study, researchers tested a total of 1,508 fifth-grade students in 60 classes in Germany, who had an average age of 10. The children filled out questionnaires in which they ranked whether they thought boys or girls were better at reading, which gender read more, and which gender had more fun doing so. They also assessed their own enjoyment and skill in the activity, and completed reading tests. Past studies suggested the stereotypes (刻板印象) that reading is for girls and math is for boys are widespread, so the researchers wanted to see if this could contribute to a gap in skills. Their study revealed that boys who believed gender stereotypes about reading were less likely to see themselves as competent and motivated in this regard. The researchers also found boys whose classmates thought reading was for girls not only had similar attitudes about themselves, but also appeared to perform worse in tests. They discovered girls generally exhibited better reading and writing ability than boys as early as the fourth grade. And as they got older that achievement gap became increasingly obvious. At the same time, the gender stereotype didn’t appear to affect girls positively or negatively. However, the study’s authors acknowledged that their data might not be accurate as they relied on the children’s honesty. They’ll conduct further research. One of the authors of the study said, “To reduce socially determined gender disparities (不一致) in reading, it may help to create contexts that discourage students from acting on their stereotypical beliefs.” The study is the latest to examine how gender stereotypes affect young people. Late last year, a separate team of researchers found teaching teenage boys about gender equality could prevent them from being violent. 12. What were the children in the study asked to do? A. Read something aloud. B. Evaluate their reading ability. C. Learn to read for pleasure. D. Test their partners’ reading skills. 13. What results did the new study find concerning the gender stereotypes? A. Boys and girls had the same ability to learn. B. Gender gap widened even more with age. C. Reading was for girls and math was for boys. D. Math could make girls more competitive. 14. What was the new study’s limitation according to its authors? A. Their findings weren’t immediately applicable. B. They studied only small groups of school kids. C. The information they collected might be wrong. D. They only focused on the vast majority of boys. 15. What does the last paragraph talk about? A. Strengthening the concept of gender equality. B. Analyzing the harm of gender stereotypes. C. Methods of giving up stereotypical beliefs. D. Reasons for producing gender disparities. 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了，研究表明，如果男孩认为阅读适合女孩，那么这些男孩在阅读方面表现得更差。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The children filled out questionnaires in which they ranked whether they thought boys or girls were better at reading, which gender read more, and which gender had more fun doing so. They also assessed their own enjoyment and skill in the activity, and completed reading tests.(孩子填写了调查问卷，就他们认为男生或女生谁更擅长阅读进行排名，哪个性别阅读更多，哪个性别觉得阅读更有趣。他们也需要评估自己的在这一活动中的乐趣和技能，并完成了阅读测试。)”可知，研究中的孩子需要评估自己的阅读技巧和阅读乐趣，故选B。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They discovered girls generally exhibited better reading and writing ability than boys as early as the fourth grade. And as they got older that achievement gap became increasingly obvious.(他们发现，早在四年级，女孩的阅读能力和写作能力就普遍高于男孩。随着年龄的增加，这种成就差距变得越来越明显。)”可知，随着年龄的增加，女孩与男孩之间的阅读能力和写作能力差距变得越来越明显，故关于阅读能力，性别差距随着年龄的增长，变得越来越大，故选B。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“However, the study’s authors acknowledged that their data might not be accurate as they relied on the children’s honesty.(然而，这项研究的作者承认，他们的数据可能并不准确，因为他们的研究依赖于孩子的诚实。)”可知，这项研究的作者承认，因为他们的研究依赖于孩子的诚实，因此数据并不一定准确，有可能是错误的，故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“One of the authors of the study said, “To reduce socially determined gender disparities(不一致) in reading, it may help to create contexts that discourage students from acting on their stereotypical beliefs.” The study is the latest to examine how gender stereotypes affect young people. Late last year, a separate team of researchers found teaching teenage boys about gender equality could prevent them from being violent.(这项研究的一位作者说道：“为了减少阅读中由社会决定的性别差异，这可能有助于创造背景，阻止学生按照他们的刻板印象行事。”这项研究是研究性别刻板印象如何影响年轻人的最新研究。去年年底，另一个研究小组发现，给十几岁的男孩传授性别平等的知识能阻止他们施暴。)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了这项研究有助于阻止学生按照刻板印象行事，强调男女平等，不存在阅读中的性别差异，且给十几岁的男孩传授性别平等的知识能阻止他们施暴，故本段强调性别平等，故选A。 （八） （23-24高二下·四川南充市·期末统考） （1） The Free Books Campaign was set up in July 2020 by Sofia Akel, a race equity (种族平等) researcher, when she decided to launch a fundraiser to get as many books as possible by authors of colour to people that can’t afford them across the UK and Ireland. So far, this campaign has progressed smoothly and influenced profoundly. Over 1, 700 books have been sent to people who can’t afford them, and it has even caught the attention of the footballer. Marcus Rashford who donated 400 copies of his children’s book You Are a Champion. Some of the people who benefit from the campaign include children from working class backgrounds who have not been exposed to literature from Black or Brown authors at school or at home. “I’ve had emails from parents who weren’t aware of just how many amazing authors of colour there are, and who have said how much their child lit up seeing a book that reflected them,” Sofia says. Explaining the need for the campaign, Sofia says: “Sadly, reading has become a luxury in today’s world. If you’re working two jobs just to put food on the table, having that time to sit down and read can be difficult. So, there is an element of privilege when it comes to even just finding the time to read. On top of that, the typical adult hardback book might cost you upwards off 15, which could put food on the table for a week if you were counting every penny.” This is where the campaign hopes to step in. It operates on a trust basis, which means the campaign doesn’t exist to police people’s financial circumstances. “No one has to prove that they’ve not got money — even if some people volunteer personal information, we never ask for it. Everyone deserves to read books that they love.” Sofia adds. 4. What’s the purpose of the campaign? A. To attract public attention. B. To introduce authors of colour. C. To arouse awareness of poverty. D. To offer free books to people short of money. 5. Which of the following best describe the impact of the campaign? A. Short-lived. B. Impractical. C. Far-reaching. D. Unidentifiable. 6 What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. People’s reading habits. B. People’s financial crisis. C. The expensive price of books. D. The necessity of the campaign. 7. What message does Sofia seem to convey in the last paragraph? A. People can get a book without financial proof. B. Everyone will benefit from reading their favorite books. C. One should offer personal information to get a book. D. The campaign can monitor people’s finances if necessary. 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了由种族平等研究员Sofia Akel发起的“免费图书运动”，该运动旨在为英国和爱尔兰无法负担书籍费用的人们提供尽可能多的有色人种作者的书籍。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The Free Books Campaign was set up in July 2020 by Sofia Akel, a race equity researcher, when she decided to launch a fundraiser to get as many books as possible by authors of colour to people that can’t afford them across the UK and Ireland. (2020年7月，种族平等研究员Sofia Akel发起了“免费图书运动”，她决定发起筹款活动，为英国和爱尔兰无法负担书籍费用的人们提供尽可能多的有色人种作者的书籍。)”可知，该运动的目的是为无法负担书籍费用的人们提供免费书籍，故选D。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“So far, this campaign has progressed smoothly and influenced profoundly. Over 1, 700 books have been sent to people who can’t afford them, and it has even caught the attention of the footballer. Marcus Rashford who donated 400 copies of his children’s book You Are a Champion. (到目前为止，这场运动进展顺利，影响深远。已有超过1700本书寄给了无法负担书籍费用的人们，甚至引起了足球运动员马库斯·拉什福德的关注，他捐赠了400本他的儿童书《你是冠军》。)”可知，这场运动的影响深远，故选C。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段“Explaining the need for the campaign, Sofia says: “Sadly, reading has become a luxury in today’s world. If you’re working two jobs just to put food on the table, having that time to sit down and read can be difficult. So, there is an element of privilege when it comes to even just finding the time to read. On top of that, the typical adult hardback book might cost you upwards off 15, which could put food on the table for a week if you were counting every penny.” (索菲亚解释了这场运动的必要性：‘遗憾的是，在当今世界，阅读已成为一种奢侈品。如果你为了养家糊口而打两份工，那么坐下来阅读的时间可能会很困难。因此，即使只是找时间阅读，也有一种特权因素。除此之外，一本典型的成人精装书可能会花费你15英镑以上，如果你精打细算的话，这可以为你的餐桌提供一周的食物。’)”可知，本段主要讲述了这场运动的必要性，故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It operates on a trust basis, which means the campaign doesn’t exist to police people’s financial circumstances. “No one has to prove that they've not got money — even if some people volunteer personal information, we never ask for it. Everyone deserves to read books that they love. (它建立在信任的基础上，这意味着这场运动不是为了监管人们的财务状况。‘没有人需要证明他们没有钱，即使有些人自愿提供个人信息，我们也从不要求。每个人都值得阅读他们喜欢的书。’)”可知，索菲亚在最后一段传达的信息是人们无需提供财务证明就可以获得书籍，故选A。 （2） With their bright eyes and noticeable beards, it’s easy to see how orangutans (红毛猩猩) got their name; “orang” is Malay for person, while “hutan” means forest. Their similarity to humans doesn’t stop there. Researchers have observed a male orangutan treat a wound on his face with a plant that’s also used in human medicine. It’s the first time any wild animal has been seen caring for a wound using a natural substance with known medicinal ingredients, researchers report May 2 in Scientific Reports. On June 25, 2022, field biologist Ulil Azhari was observing an orangutan named Rakus in the Suaq Balimbing research area of Indonesia’s Gunung Leuser National Park. The area is home to about 150 of the species, and researchers have been studying them since 1994. Azhari watched as Rakus chewed up a plant, locally known as Akar Kuning, and rubbed the resulting paste (糊状物) onto an open wound he suffered on his right cheek, likely from a fight with another male. He applied the paste several times over his injury, almost like a bandage. Akar Kuning (Fibraurea tinctoria) is used by the local people in traditional medicine and has a long list of known medicinal ingredients. Isabelle Laumer, a biologist and member of the Suaq Project studying orangutans, read the notes from the observation and was immediately getting very excited. She says, “He only treated this wound and not any other body part. And this was done repeatedly.” Rakus’ intentionality, and the fact that his wound was closed just five days after the observation — and never became infected — convinced her that he was purposefully using the plant to treat his wound. Laumer says she hopes the finding will help more people appreciate how similar orangutans are to humans and care more about protecting them. The orangutans are critically endangered. “It would be so sad if they would die out from this world.” she says. 8. What phenomenon did Ulil observe? A. The orangutan used a bandage on his cheek. B. The orangutan had a fight with another male. C. The orangutan chewed up a plant and swallowed it. D. The orangutan applied a medicinal plant on his wound. 9. Why did Isabelle get excited at the orangutan’s behavior in the notes? A. Because she was the first to read the notes. B. Because the wound of the orangutan got infected. C. Because she thought the orangutan had done it on purpose. D. Because she found the plant was used by the local people. 10. Why are the similarities of orangutans and humans mentioned in the last paragraph? A. To explain the origin of humans. B. To stress the intelligence of orangutan C. To show the observation of scientists. D. To call on people to protect orangutans. 11. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A zoo brochure. B. A biology textbook. C. A science magazine. D. An academic journal. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现一只雄性红毛猩猩会使用植物药材治疗脸上的伤口，这说明红毛猩猩和人类有相似之处。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Azhari watched as Rakus chewed up a plant, locally known as Akar Kuning, and rubbed the resulting paste (糊状物) onto an open wound he suffered on his right cheek, likely from a fight with another male.(Azhari看着Rakus咀嚼一种当地人称为Akar Kuning的植物，并将由此产生的糊状物擦到他右脸颊的开放性伤口上，这个伤口很可能是因为与另一只雄性猩猩打架。)”可知，Ulil观察到这只红毛猩猩咀嚼药用植物，并将糊状物涂在脸上的伤口上。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“She says, “He only treated this wound and not any other body part. And this was done repeatedly.” Rakus’ intentionality, and the fact that his wound was closed just five days after the observation — and never became infected — convinced her that he was purposefully using the plant to treat his wound.(她说：“他只治疗了这个伤口，没有治疗任何其他身体部位。而且这是反复进行的。”Rakus的意图，以及他的伤口在观察后五天就被闭合的事实——而且从未被感染——让她相信他是有意用这种植物来治疗他的伤口的。)”可知，Isabelle在阅读观察记录的红毛猩猩的行为时，她明白这只红毛猩猩是有意这么做的。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Laumer says she hopes the finding will help more people appreciate how similar orangutans are to humans and care more about protecting them.(Laumer说，她希望这一发现能帮助更多的人了解红毛猩猩与人类的相似之处，并更加关心保护它们。)”可知，提到红毛猩猩与人类有相似之处是为了让人们保护它们。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Researchers have observed a male orangutan treat a wound on his face with a plant that’s also used in human medicine.(研究人员观察到一只雄性红毛猩猩用一种同样用于人类医学的植物治疗脸上的伤口。)”及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了研究发现一只雄性红毛猩猩会使用植物药材治疗脸上的伤口，由此可推测出，本文最有可能出自科学杂志。故选C。 （3） Many parts of the world are experiencing a rapid decrease in the subterranean (地下的) reserves of water that billions of people rely on for drinking, irrigation and other uses, according to new research that analyzed millions of groundwater level measurements from170,000 wells in more than 40 countries. It’s the first study to piece together what’s happening to groundwater levels at a global scale, according to the researchers involved, and will help scientists better understand what intact humans are having on this valuable underground resource, either through overuse or indirectly by changes in rainfall linked to climate change. Groundwater, contained within cracks and pores in rocks known as aquifers (含水层), is a lifeline for people especially in parts of the world where rainfall and surface water are scarce , such as northwest India and the southwest United States. Reductions in groundwater can make it harder for people to access freshwater to drink or to irrigate crops and can result in land subsidence (沉降). The authors found that groundwater levels declined between 2000 and 2022 in 71% of the 1,693 aquifer systems included in the research, with groundwater levels declining more than 0.1 meter a year in 36%, or 617, of them. Donald John MacAllister a hydrologist at the British Geological Survey, said it was a really “impressive” set of data, despite some gaps. “Groundwater is an incredibly important resource but one of the challenges is…because we can’t see it, it’s out of mind for most people. Our challenge is to constantly bang the drum for policymakers — that we have this resource that we have to look after, and that we can use to adapt to climate change. ” 12. What’s the importance of the new research? A. To understand human influence on groundwater. B. To recycle valuable groundwater resources. C. To deal with climate change issues. D. To increase rainfall at global scale. 13. What does the underlined word “scarce” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Adequate. B. Rare. C. Convenient. D. Original. 14. What can we infer from Donald’s words? A. The result of the research is far from satisfaction. B. Effective measures have been taken for groundwater. C. The importance of groundwater is often ignored. D. There are some gaps between aquifers in India. 15. What’s the best title of the text? A. Groundwater is an incredibly important resource. B. Groundwater levels are declining around the world. C. Researchers are solving the groundwater problem. D. Climate change and groundwater shortage go hand in hand. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一项新的研究分析了来自40多个国家17万个水井的数百万个地下水位测量数据，首次揭示了全球范围内地下水位的变化情况。这项研究将有助于科学家更好地理解人类活动对这一宝贵地下资源的影响，包括过度使用和与气候变化相关的降雨量变化等间接影响。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s the first study to piece together what’s happening to groundwater levels at a global scale, according to the researchers involved, and will help scientists better understand what intact humans are having on this valuable underground resource, either through overuse or indirectly by changes in rainfall linked to climate change.(据参与研究的研究人员称，这是第一次将全球范围内地下水水位的变化拼凑在一起的研究，将帮助科学家更好地了解完整的人类对这种宝贵的地下资源的影响，无论是通过过度使用还是间接通过与气候变化相关的降雨变化。)”可知，新研究首次将全球范围内的地下水位情况拼凑在一起，这将有助于科学家更好地理解人类对这一宝贵地下资源的影响，无论是通过过度使用还是通过气候变化引起的降雨量变化的间接影响。因此，这项研究的重要性在于理解人类活动对地下水的影响。故选A。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Groundwater, contained within cracks and pores in rocks known as aquifers(含水层), is a lifeline for people especially in parts of the world…(地下水包含在被称为含水层的岩石裂缝和孔隙中，是人们的生命线，尤其是在世界上的一些地区……)”以及后文“…such as northwest India and the southwest United States.( 比如印度西北部和美国西南部……)”可知，地下水是人们的生命线，特别是在如印度西北部和美国西南部降雨和地表水稀缺的地区，因此，scarce在这里的意思是“稀少的，罕见的”，与选项B“Rare.(稀少的)”的意思相符。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Groundwater is an incredibly important resource but one of the challenges is…because we can’t see it, it’s out of mind for most people. Our challenge is to constantly bang the drum for policymakers —that we have this resource that we have to look after, and that we can use to adapt to climate change. ”(“地下水是一种非常重要的资源，但其中一个挑战是……因为我们看不到它，所以大多数人都不知道它。我们面临的挑战是不断地向政策制定者敲响警钟，让他们知道我们拥有必须保护的资源，我们可以利用这些资源来适应气候变化。”)”可知，Donald提到，因为地下水是我们看不见的，所以大多数人都不会去想它，这是一个挑战。他强调我们需要不断地向政策制定者强调地下水的重要性，以及我们需要用它来适应气候变化。这表明地下水的重要性往往被忽视。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Many parts of the world are experiencing a rapid decrease in the subterranean(地下的) reserves of water that billions of people rely on for drinking, irrigation and other uses, according to new research that analyzed millions of groundwater level measurements from170. 000 wells in more than 40 countries.(根据一项分析了1970年以来数百万次地下水水位测量数据的新研究，世界上许多地区的地下水储量正在迅速减少，而数十亿人赖以饮用、灌溉和其他用途的地下水储量正在迅速减少。在40多个国家拥有1000口水井)”以及通读全文，文章主要讲述了全球范围内地下水位正在下降的情况，以及这种情况对人们生活和气候变化的影响。因此，选项B“Groundwater levels are declining around the world(全球地下水位正在下降)”与文章内容相符，准确概括文章的主题。故选B。 （九） （23-24高二下·四川攀枝花市·期末统考） （1） With the arrival of the summer heat, the wave of cultural-themed ice creams is sweeping across social media platforms in China. Museums, scenic spots, amusement parks and even universities have once again rolled out their unique cultural-themed ice creams this year. These ice creams are often tiny copies of famous landmarks or cultural relics (文物) that offer visitors a delight for the taste buds (味蕾). The trend of cultural-themed ice creams began in 2019 when the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was one of the first scenic spots in China to introduce lotus-shaped ice creams. It was inspired by that in 2017 eleven ancient lotus seeds were discovered in a pool at the Old Summer Palace. Six of these ancient lotus seeds bloomed in the summer of 2019. So to mark the occasion, staff at the Old Summer Palace designed ice creams shaped like lotus flowers. These ice creams were widely loved by visitors, not only serving as a cold treat but also offering a unique way for visitors to connect with their cultural heritage. To protect their cultural relics, many museums have put up signs banning photography or the use of a flash. However, cultural-themed ice creams provide an alternative way for visitors to catch memories of their visit. Various flavors offer visitors a choice of colors and ingredients for the ice cream, which reflect the local characteristics and charm of these cold treats. It is also suggested by the museums that the visitors can take the carved ice cream bars home with them to use as bookmarks. For many young people, taking photos of themselves standing alongside cultural landmarks is an artistic preference from their parents’ generation. To them, a selfie with a cultural-themed ice cream is a much cooler way to show off their travel experiences and bridge the gap between modern life and distant historical relics. 8. What can we learn about cultural-themed ice creams from the first two paragraphs? A. Visitors are eager to try their taste. B. They are made due to summer heat. C. Visitors spend much money on them. D. They are often shaped like landmarks. 9. What inspired the idea of cultural-themed ice creams? A. The Old Summer Palace. B. The wide love by visitors. C. The discovery of ancient lotus. D. The flowers of the six ancient seeds. 10. What does the underlined word “bridge” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Narrow. B. Measure. C. Create. D. Affect. 11. What is the main idea of this passage? A. A creative way to protect cultural heritage. B. Ancient lotus seeds flowered in modern times. C. A cool way to show off your travel experiences. D. Experiencing colorful cultures with your taste buds. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文的体裁属于说明文。文章主要介绍了文化主题冰淇淋在中国社交媒体平台上的流行现象，以及这些冰淇淋如何成为连接现代生活与文化遗产的桥梁，让人们在品尝美味的同时体验不同的文化。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Museums, scenic spots, amusement parks and even universities have once again rolled out their unique cultural-themed ice creams this year. These ice creams are often tiny copies of famous landmarks or cultural relics (文物) that offer visitors a delight for the taste buds (味蕾). (今年，博物馆、景点、游乐园甚至大学都再次推出了他们独特的文化主题冰淇淋。这些冰淇淋通常是著名地标或文物的微小复制品，为游客提供味蕾的乐趣。)”可知，这些冰淇淋通常是著名地标或文物的微型复制品。因此，我们可以从这两段中了解到，文化主题冰淇淋通常是地标形状的。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“The trend of cultural-themed ice creams began in 2019 when the Old Summer Palace in Beijing was one of the first scenic spots in China to introduce lotus-shaped ice creams. It was inspired by that in 2017 eleven ancient lotus seeds were discovered in a pool at the Old Summer Palace. Six of these ancient lotus seeds bloomed in the summer of 2019. So to mark the occasion, staff at the Old Summer Palace designed ice creams shaped like lotus flowers. These ice creams were widely loved by visitors, not only serving as a cold treat but also offering a unique way for visitors to connect with their cultural heritage. (以文化为主题的冰淇淋潮流始于2019年，当时北京圆明园是中国首批推出莲形冰淇淋的景点之一。它的灵感来自于2017年在圆明园的一个池塘里发现的11颗古老的莲子。2019年夏天，六颗古老的莲子开花了。为了纪念这一节日，圆明园的工作人员设计了莲花形状的冰淇淋。这些冰淇淋受到游客的广泛喜爱，不仅作为一种冷饮，而且为游客提供了一种与他们的文化遗产联系在一起的独特方式。)”可知，古代莲子的发现启发了文化主题冰淇淋的创意。故选C。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章最后一段“For many young people, taking photos of themselves standing alongside cultural landmarks is an artistic preference from their parents’ generation. To them, a selfie with a cultural-themed ice cream is a much cooler way to show off their travel experiences (对许多年轻人来说，站在文化地标旁拍照是他们父母那一代的一种艺术偏好。对他们来说，拿着文化主题冰淇淋自拍是一种更酷的方式，可以展示他们的旅行经历)”和“the gap between modern life and distant historical relics. (现代生活和遥远历史遗迹之间的差距)”可知，许多年轻人认为，用文化主题冰淇淋自拍是一种更酷的方式来展示他们的旅行经历，缩小现代生活与遥远历史遗迹之间的鸿沟。这里的bridge指的是缩小两者之间的差距。A. Narrow使窄小；B. Measure测量；C. Create创建；D. Affect影响。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章倒数第二段“To protect their cultural relics, many museums have put up signs banning photography or the use of a flash. However, cultural-themed ice creams provide an alternative way for visitors to catch memories of their visit. Various flavors offer visitors a choice of colors and ingredients for the ice cream, which reflect the local characteristics and charm of these cold treats. It is also suggested by the museums that the visitors can take the carved ice cream bars home with them to use as bookmarks. (为了保护文物，许多博物馆都张贴了禁止拍照或使用闪光灯的标志。然而，以文化为主题的冰淇淋为游客提供了另一种方式来捕捉他们的访问记忆。各种口味的冰淇淋为游客提供了颜色和配料的选择，体现了这些冷食的地方特色和魅力。博物馆还建议游客可以将雕刻好的雪糕带回家作为书签使用。)”可知，文章主要讲述了各种文化主题的冰淇淋在中国社交媒体平台上走红，并且这些冰淇淋往往是著名地标或文物的微型复制品，让游客在品尝的同时感受到不同的文化，从而创造性地保护文化遗产。选项A“Creative way to protect cultural heritage. (创造性地保护文化遗产)”符合题意。故选A。 （2） The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging (刺人的) tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people call it the gympie-gympie tree — a name given to the tree by indigenous Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you brush up against a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months. Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain. The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected mice with gympietides, the mice licked (舔) at the places where they’d been injected, indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemical very stable, which helps explain how the pain lasts so long. The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and con e snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all use similar poisons. Spiders and con e snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree. Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small relatives of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble. 12. A touch on the stinging tree is unforgettable because ________. A. it has an unusual appearance B. it is extremely rare in nature C. the suffering caused by it remains long D. touching it creates a quite strange feeling 13 What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree? A. How it produces poisons. B. What poisons it produces. C. The consequences of its sting. D. How it benefits from the sting. 14. What does the text imply about the stinging tree? A. It produces the same poisons as spiders. B. Poisonous as it is, it also has natural enemies. C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it. D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Stinging Trees’ Secrets Exposed B. Warning: Trees That Can Poison You C. Strange Tree Species Found in Australia D. Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging Trees 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对澳大利亚的金皮树进行研究，发现了其刺到人们导致疼痛的原因以及尽管这种树有毒，它也有天敌。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“If you brush up against a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months. (如果你碰一下进金皮树，你不会很快忘记它。疼痛会持续几个小时，几天甚至几周。据报道，据报道，在某些情况下，这种情况会持续数月)”可知，碰到金皮树会是让人难以忘记，因为它所造成的痛苦会持续很久。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all use similar poisons. Spiders and con e snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree.(科学家惊讶地发现三种不同种类的树都有相似的毒液。蜘蛛和锥形蜗牛携带毒素，因为它们通过刺其他生物来获取食物。科学家仍热不清楚刺是如何保护金皮树的)”可知，科学家没有发现金皮树的刺如何保护金皮树，故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small relatives of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble.(尽管这种树的刺或许阻止一些动物吃它，但是它不会阻止所有的动物。甲虫和小松鼠（袋鼠的近亲）能够不费劲地吃到这种植物)”可知，尽管金皮树有毒，一些动物不能吃它，但是像甲虫和小松鼠就能吃到，这说明尽管金皮树有毒，它也是有天敌的。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging (刺人的) tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people call it the gympie-gympie tree — a name given to the tree by indigenous Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you brush up against a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months.(澳大利亚东部的热带雨林是一种被称为石斛的刺树的家园。许多人称它为“gympie-gympie树”，这是澳大利亚土著给这种树起的名字。它身上覆盖着尖锐的针状毛发，携带着毒素。如果你碰到了一棵金皮树，你不会很快忘记的。疼痛可以持续数小时、数天或数周。据报道，在某些情况下，这种情况会持续数月)”结合文章主要介绍了科学家对澳大利亚的金皮树进行研究，发现了其刺到人们导致疼痛的原因以及尽管这种树有毒，它也有天敌。可知文章主要讲述了科学家对金皮树的研究，且发现了金皮树的秘密，A选项“金皮树的秘密暴露”最符合文章标题。故选A。 （十） （23-24高二下·四川宜宾市·期末统考） （1） There have been huge advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) programs that create art. The programs, creating artworks based on short descriptions, have amazed many people. They have also raised tough questions. NewsForKids.net reported on Dall-E2, a tool from OpenAI. Dall-E2 uses AI to create incredible paintings, photos, and other artworks in different styles based on simple descriptions. Since then, OpenAI has changed its rules to allow anyone to sign up and use the tool. But it’s still putting strong controls on the art that can be created. Now several other AI tools work in similar ways. These new tools are free or cheap, and don’t have some of Dall-E2’s limits. Midjourney is a website that allows users to create images from short descriptions. The new tools are entertaining and powerful. They allow people to quickly see almost any idea they can imagine, even if they aren’t artists. For creative workers, the tools allow them to quickly explore new ideas. These new AI art tools are all trained in similar ways — using massive collections of pictures with matching descriptions. The programs begin to create new images with a random pattern of dots. Step by step, they use their training to change the pattern until parts of the image begin to match the description. Artists are upset that they’re now competing against computers for attention, prizes and jobs. It’s hard for a single artist to compete against all the art and photography appearing on the Internet. The images and descriptions used to train these AI programs were taken from the Internet, therefore, the tools can produce images that aren’t appropriate. More importantly, the training images were used without permission, causing questions whether what these tools are doing is fair or legal. Once created, an artwork is protected by copyright. The creators of the training pictures—the photographers, the artists, and even the people in the pictures — haven’t given permission for their images to be used. 8. What can be inferred about Dall-E2? A. It is a news website intended for children. B. It has certain limits on users’ artistic creation. C. It is developed by OpenAI to create anything. D. It is available for artists to improve themselves. 9. What aspect of AI art tools does paragraph 4 focus on? A. Their strong functions. B. Their wide application. C. Their working principle. D. Their common features. 10. Which factor related to the AI art tools upsets artists most? A. The great creative ability beyond imagination. B. The massive collecting capacity of the Internet. C. The inappropriate artwork created by the tools. D. The illegal use of training images from the Internet. 11. What makes the best title for the text? A. AI Art Tools: Newborn Innovations B. AI Art Tools: Powerful Competitors C AI Art Tools Amaze or Upset Artists? D. AI Art Tools Improve Art Significantly? 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着科技的发展创造艺术的人工智能程序应运而生，它的功能的强大让很多艺术家感到不安，然而这些程序使用的图像和描述取自互联网，而这些训练素材是未经许可的，这引发了人们对这些工具的行为是否合法的质疑。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“But it’s still putting strong controls on the art that can be created.(但它仍然对可以创造的艺术施加了强有力的控制)”可知，Dall-E2对用户的艺术创作有一定的限制。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“These new AI art tools are all trained in similar ways—using massive collections of pictures with matching descriptions. The programs begin to create new images with a random pattern of dots. Step by step, they use their training to change the pattern until parts of the image begin to match the description.(这些新的人工智能美术工具都是以类似的方式进行训练的——使用大量具有匹配描述的图片。程序开始用随机的圆点模式创建新的图像。通过训练，他们一步一步地改变模式，直到图像的某些部分开始与描述相符)”可知，第4段关注的是AI美术工具的工作原理。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“More importantly, the training images were used without permission, causing questions whether what these tools are doing is fair or legal. Once created, an artwork is protected by copyright. The creators of the training pictures—the photographers, the artists, and even the people in the pictures—haven’t given permission for their images to be used.(更重要的是，这些训练图像是在未经许可的情况下使用的，这引发了人们对这些工具所做的事情是否公平或合法的质疑。艺术作品一经创作，便受版权保护。训练图像的创作者——摄影师、艺术家，甚至图片中的人——都没有允许使用他们的图像)”可知，非法使用来自互联网的训练图像最让美术人员感到不安。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“There have been huge advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) programs that create art. The programs, creating artworks based on short descriptions, have amazed many people. They have also raised tough questions.(人工智能程序在创造艺术方面取得了巨大进步。这些基于简短描述创作艺术品的程序令许多人惊叹不已。他们也提出了棘手的问题)”结合文章主要论述了人工智能美术工具带给艺术家的好处以及存在的问题。可知，C选项“人工智能美术工具让艺术家惊讶还是沮丧？”最符合文章标题。故选C。 （2） Do you ever wonder about what the term “locally-grown food” means? Do you wonder where your food comes from? Locally-grown food and sustainability are on the rise, and it’s important to know why this trend in farming matters. Hawaii, in particular, is a pretty isolated place. About 85 percent of food is imported. Much of what gets to their table depends on what comes to use by ship. Sometimes, one notices there is no milk or other product left at the grocery story because there is a problem with a barge (驳船). Steven Chiang, a professor from University of Hawaii, pointed out that in Hawaii, the cost of labor is high for people who might want to farm the land. Since many different groups or individuals own small pieces of land, getting access to farmland is also difficult. However, Chiang added, “there are many benefits to growing food locally on the islands and elsewhere.” For one, they can hold onto traditions and the types of food they like. Food in soil will have the chance to mature more, and maybe absorb more nutrition. Areas of land that might be used for other things, like new apartment or office buildings, can be preserved. Also, plants can extract the carbon dioxide in the air, benefiting the environment. Chiang said that there was more to locally-grown food than just those benefits. “Having local food helps make people aware of where their food comes from,” he said. When people are disconnected from the food system and don’t know where their food comes from, there’s a tendency to make potentially negative choices. “Because we’re so efficient at shipping and importing,” he added, “We don’t realize or know what it takes, and that can lead to poor decisions that can harm us all.” So what can you do? In Hawaii, there are many opportunities to volunteer at local farms. But in other areas around the world, you can do your part by supporting and buying locally-grown food. You can also help spread awareness by educating your friends and family. You can even grow your own food—in a container in your kitchen or in your backyard! 12 What can be inferred about Hawaii’s food supply? A. Hawaii relies heavily on imported food. B. Hawaii’s cost of living is low for farmers. C. Hawaii’s grocery stores are often short of milk. D. Hawaii’s farmland is enough for all local needs. 13. Which is a benefit of growing food locally? A. Lowering the cost of local labor. B. Increasing the variety of imported food. C. Preserving land for non-agricultural use. D. Offering quick access to imported food. 14. What is Chiang’s attitude towards locally-grown food? A. Negative. B. Doubtful. C. Undecided. D. Favorable. 15. What is the author’s purpose of writing the last paragraph? A. To encourage gardening at home. B. To advocate sustainable practices. C. To promote local farming in Hawaii. D. To discourage buying imported food. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讨论了本地种植食物的重要性和可持续性，以夏威夷为例，阐述了本地种植食物的优势和对环境及社会的影响。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Hawaii, in particular, is a pretty isolated place. About 85 percent of food is imported. (尤其是夏威夷，是一个非常孤立的地方。大约 85%的食物是进口的。)”可以推断出，夏威夷严重依赖进口食品。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Areas of land that might be used for other things, like new apartment or office buildings, can be preserved. (可能用于其他用途的土地，如新建公寓或办公楼，可以得到保留。)”可知，本地种植食物的一个好处是可以为非农业用途保留土地。故选C项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Chiang said that there was more to locally-grown food than just those benefits. (蒋说，本地种植的食物不仅仅有这些好处。)”以及他对本地种植食物的各种好处的阐述，可以推断出蒋对本地种植食物持支持的态度。故选D项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In Hawaii, there are many opportunities to volunteer at local farms. But in other areas around the world, you can do your part by supporting and buying locally-grown food. You can also help spread awareness by educating your friends and family. You can even grow your own food—in a container in your kitchen or in your backyard! (在夏威夷，有许多在当地农场做志愿者的机会。但在世界其他地区，你可以通过支持和购买本地种植的食物来尽一份力。你还可以通过教育你的朋友和家人来帮助传播意识。你甚至可以自己种植食物——在你的厨房里用容器种植，或者在你家的后院种植。)”可知，作者提到在夏威夷可以去当地农场做志愿者，在其他地区可以支持和购买本地种植的食物，还可以教育朋友和家人来传播意识，甚至可以自己种植食物，其目的是倡导可持续的做法。故选B项。 （十一） （23-24高二下·四川凉山州·期末统考） Elephants call out to each other using individual names that they invent for their fellows, a study said on Monday. While dolphins and parrots have been observed addressing each other by mimicking (模仿) the sound of others from their species, elephants are the first non-human animals known to use names that do not involve imitation, the researchers suggested. For the new study, a team of international researchers used an artificial intelligence algarithm (算法) to analyse the calls of two wild herds of African savannah elephants in Kenya. The research “not only shows that elephants use specific vocalizations (嗓音) for each individual, but that they recognize and react to a call addressed to them while ignoring those addressed to others,” lead study author Michael Pardo said. “This indicates that elephants can determine whether a call was intended for them just by hearing the call, even when out of its original context,” the behavioral ecologist at Colorado State University said in a statement. The researchers sifted through elephant “rumbles” recorded at Kenya’s Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park between 1986 and 2022. Using a machine learning algorithm, they identified 469 distinct calls, which included 101elephants issuing a call and 117 receiving one. Elephants make a wide range of sounds, from loud trumpeting to rumbles so low that cannot be heard by the human ear. Names were not always used in the elephant calls. But when names were called out, it was often over a long distance, and when adults were addressing young elephants. Adults were also more likely to use names than calves, suggesting it could take years to learn this particular talent. The most common call was “a harmonically rich, low-frequency sound,” according to the study. 28. According to the first two paragraphs, what is special about elephants? A. They can imitate other species. B. They can mimic the sound of others. C. They can invent individual names to call. D. They can call out to each other very loudly. 29. What does the research show? A. Elephants use a fixed vocalization for each other. B. Elephants ignore the calls intended to themselves. C. Elephants recognize and react to the calls addressed to others. D. Elephants can tell whether they are addressed by hearing the call. 30. Which of the following is true? A. Elephants’ sounds can all be heard by human. B. Elephants prefer to call out names at any time. C. Adult elephants can call out young elephants’ names. D. Young elephants are born to use names to call each other. 31. In which column of a website can you see this passage? A. Nature. B. Health. C. Fashion. D. Education. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现大象会称呼同伴的名字，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Elephants call out to each other using individual names that they invent for their fellows, a study said on Monday.(本周一公布的一项研究显示，大象会用自己发明的名字来称呼同伴)”可知，大象特别之处是可以发明单独的名字来叫。故选C。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段““This indicates that elephants can determine whether a call was intended for them just by hearing the call, even when out of its original context,” the behavioral ecologist at Colorado State University said in a statement.(科罗拉多州立大学的行为生态学家在一份声明中说:“这表明大象可以通过听到叫声来确定是否是针对它们的，即使不是在原始环境中。”)”可知，研究表明了大象可以通过听到叫声来判断它们是否被称呼。故选D。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But when names were called out, it was often over a long distance, and when adults were addressing young elephants.(但是当叫名字的时候，通常是在很远的地方，而且是在成年大象对小象说话的时候)”可知，C选项“成年大象能叫出小象的名字”正确。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Elephants call out to each other using individual names that they invent for their fellows, a study said on Monday.(本周一公布的一项研究显示，大象会用自己发明的名字来称呼同伴)”结合文章主要说明了研究发现大象会称呼同伴的名字，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。可知，文章选自网站的“自然”专栏。故选A。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$