UNIT 1 CULTURAL HERITAGE(课件)-【学而思·PPT课件分层练习】2024-2025学年高一英语必修2（人教版2019）

高频词汇精讲 情景导学 His application to the club for membership was rejected.他向俱乐部申请会员资格遭到了拒 绝。 用法归纳 ①one's/an/the application 　　    ...　　    sth.向……申请某物 ②fill in an application (form) 填写申请(表) ③accept/reject sb.'s application接受/拒绝某人的申请 高频词汇 情景破 词汇 1    application n.申请(表);用途;运用;应用(程序) to for 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇拓展 ①apply v.申请;应用;涂;适用;致力于 apply to...for...向……申请…… apply to do sth.申请做某事 apply to...对……适用 apply sth. to sth.将某物应用于某物;把某物涂在某物上 apply oneself to (doing) sth.专心致志于(做)某事 •All students who are willing to offer a helping hand to others can apply to join the club.所有愿 意向他人伸出援手的学生都可以申请加入这个俱乐部。    (写作·纳新启事) •Only when you apply yourself to your study can you make great progress.只有当你专心学习 时,你才能取得很大的进步。 ②applicant n.申请人 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Take part in a youth project参加一个青年项目 (教材P2) 情景导学 Some primary school students took an active part in winter sports.一些小学生积极参加冬季体 育运动。 用法归纳 ①take part参与;参加(无宾语时,不用in) ②take 　　    active part in积极参加(当part前有形容词修饰时,形容词前要加不定冠词) 易混辨析 词汇 2  take part in参与(某事);参加(某活动) take part in 通常指参加集体性的活动,侧重于主语参加该活动并在其中发挥一定作用 an 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 join (in) join作及物动词时,通常指加入某党派、组织或团体,成为其中的一员;join in通常指参加小型活动,比如游戏、散步、讨论等。有时join in与take part in可以互换 attend 一般指参加或出席会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼,也可指上学、上课、听音乐会或讲座等 •Do you want to join the chess club?你想加入国际象棋俱乐部吗? •Mark is going to join in our discussion.马克要参加我们的讨论。 •Our children attend the same school.我们的孩子上同一所学校。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve ev- erything from our past as we move towards the future.新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的 过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。 (教材P4) 情景导学 If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns.约翰逊警告说,如果研究人员不能信守承诺,兴奋可能会被怀疑、失望 和愤怒替代。(2022北京) 词汇拓展 ①give in (to...)(向……)屈服/让步/投降 •Seeing the letter on the desk, I gave in to curiosity and opened it secretly.看到书桌上的那封信,我抑制不住好奇心,悄悄地把它拆开了。    (读后续写·心理、动作描写) 词汇 3 give way to 让步;屈服 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ②give up (doing) sth.放弃(做)某事 •It was actually his patriotism that made him give up the good conditions abroad and return to his motherland.实际上,正是他的爱国精神使他放弃了国外优越的条件,回到了祖国。    (写作 ·人物介绍) ③give away 泄露;暴露;赠送;分发 •If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him away during the day.如果一个 人没有足够的睡眠,他的行为会在白天将他暴露出来。 ④give out用完,耗尽;分发,散发;发出,放出(光、热等) ⑤give back归还;使恢复 ⑥give off发出,放出(热、光、气味等) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 　　Finding and keeping the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge.在发展与文化遗址的保护之间找到恰当的平衡点并加以保持可能是一 项巨大的挑战。 (教材P4) 情景导学 She cycled round the corner,lost her balance and fell off the bike.她骑车拐弯时失去平衡,从自 行车上摔了下来。 I struggled to keep my balance on my new skates.我穿着新的旱冰鞋, 艰难地保持着平衡。     (读后续写·动作描写) On balance, children with great self-control tend to do well in school.总的来说,自制力强的孩子 往往在学校表现良好。 词汇 4 balance n.平衡;均匀;平衡能力 vt.使平衡;权衡;同等重视 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 We should balance the development of the economy with/and the protection of the environment. 我们应该同等重视经济发展和环境保护。    (写作·环境保护) You have to balance the advantages of studying abroad against its disadvantages.你得权衡一下 出国留学的优势和劣势。 用法归纳  ①　　     one's balance失去平衡 ②　　     one's balance保持平衡 ③find/keep/strike a balance between A and B 在A与B之间找到/保持/达成平衡 ④　　     balance总的来说 ⑤a sense of balance平衡感  ⑥balance A 　　    /　　     B同等重视A与B ⑦balance A 　　     B权衡A与B lose keep on with and against 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇拓展 balanced adj.保持平衡的 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great solutions.然而,巨大的挑战有时会带来伟 大的解决方案。 (教材P4) 情景导学 Don't let anger lead to you doing the wrong thing.不要让愤怒使你做错事。 Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace.研究表明,更友好的沟 通会带来更快乐的工作环境。 (2020全国Ⅱ) 用法归纳 lead to sb. 　　     sth.导致某人做某事(to为介词) 词汇拓展 ①lead to sp.通往某地 词汇 5 lead to导致 doing 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 lead sb. to sp.带领某人去某地 lead sb. to sth.使某人得出(观点) lead sb. to do sth.使某人做某事 lead a(n)...life过……生活 •Do you know which is the correct road leading to the museum?你知道哪条是通往博物馆的 正确的道路吗? •I believe guzheng can lead you to a fantastic world of music.我相信古筝能带你进入一个美妙 的音乐世界。    (写作·传统乐器) ②表示“导致”的同义词组有bring about、contribute to、result in、give rise to等。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.水坝的水很可能会损坏许多寺庙,摧毁一批 文物,而这些文物是埃及文化遗产的重要组成部分。 (教材P4) 情景导学 If you are polite and respectful, you are likely to get along well with others. =If you are polite and respectful, it is likely that you will get along well with others.如果你有礼 貌并且尊重他人,你可能会和其他人相处得很好。    (写作·人际关系) Race walking shares many benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.研究表明,竞走和跑步一样有很多好处,同时竞走极有可能减少受伤。 词汇 6 likely adj.可能的 adv.可能地 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳  ①sb./sth. be (more/less) likely 　　    sth.某人/某物(更有/不太)可能做某事 ②　　     is likely that...很可能……  ③likely作副词,常与most、very连用 易混辨析 likely 常指从表面迹象来判断有可能。主语可以是人或物,也可用it作形式主语,常用句式“sb./sth. be likely to do sth.”和“It is likely that...” possible 可能性最小,指客观上可能,往往含有“希望很小”的意味。主语不能是人,只能用 it作形式主语,常用句式“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...” probable 可能性最大,表示“很可能,十有八九”。不能用人或不定式作主语,常用句式“It is probable that...” to do It 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 情景助记   词汇拓展 unlikely adj.不大可能的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ...the government turned to the United Nations for help in 1959.……政府于1959年向联合国求 助。 (教材P4) 情景导学 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.翻到日记的某一页,看 看你列出的优点和成就。(2020全国Ⅰ) To protect the environment, people turn to solar power.为了保护环境,人们开始使用太阳能。 Having known that the earthquake happened, our happiness turned to horror.知道发生地震之后, 我们由开心变成了害怕。    (读后续写·心理描写) 用法归纳 turn to除了表示“向……求助”外,还可以表示“　　　　 　     ;　　　　    ;　　　　    ”。 词汇 7 turn to向……求助 翻到(书的某页) 开始使用 (使)变成  第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 词汇拓展 ①turn down调低;拒绝 •He offered her a good job, but she turned it down.他给她提供了一份好工作,但她拒绝了。 ②turn away把……拒之门外 ③turn up调高;露面;出现 ④turn out证明是;结果是;原来是 •It didn't turn out as I had wished.结果并不如我所愿。 (2020全国Ⅰ) ⑤turn over翻转;翻身 ⑥turn...into...把……变成…… ⑦turn on打开 ⑧turn off关闭 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.一个委员会成立了,旨在限制对埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物的损失。 (教 材P4) 情景导学 Your speech is a little long, and you'd better limit it to five minutes.你的演讲有点长,你最好把 它限制在五分钟内。 It is wise to set a limit to the time that children spend in playing computer games.对孩子们玩电 脑游戏的时间设定限制是明智的。    (写作·健康生活) There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving the people.人的生命是有限的,但为人民服务 是无限的。 词汇 8 limit n.限度;限制 vt.限制;限定 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳  ①limit...　　    ...把……(在数、量上)限制在…… ②be limited to...局限于……  ③set a limit 　　    /on...对……设定限制 ④There is a/no limit 　　    ...……是有/无限的。 ⑤within limits在某种程度上;有一定限制 词汇拓展 ①limited adj.有限的 ②limitless adj.无限的 •With his limitless imagination, he created new worlds for his readers to explore.他凭借无限的 想象力,创造了新的世界供读者探索。    (写作·人物介绍) ③limitation n.限制;限度 to to to 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 A committee was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.一个委员会成立了,旨在限制对埃及建筑物的破坏和防止文物的损失。 (教 材P4) 情景导学 David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children.戴维 患有一种脑部疾病,这种疾病使他不能像其他孩子一样走路和跑步。 (2022新高考Ⅰ) Anyone who doesn't have an invitation will be prevented from entering the building.任何没有邀 请函的人都将被阻止进入大楼。　(写作·通知) 用法归纳 prevent sb. (from) 　　    sth.阻止某人做某事 词汇 9 prevent vt.阻止;阻碍;阻挠 doing 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 →sb. be prevented 　　    doing sth.某人被阻止做某事 词汇拓展 ①prevention n.防止;预防 •Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗。 ②preventable adj.可以预防的;可以阻止的 •Most of the mistakes in your test paper will be preventable if you are more careful next time.如 果下次你更加细心的话,你的试卷中的大部分错误是可以避免的。　(写作·学习建议) ③表示“阻止某人做某事”的另外两个短语:stop sb. (from) doing sth., keep sb. from doing sth. 特别提醒 在主动语态中,prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省去,意思不变,但keep sb. from do- from 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ing sth.中的from不能省(若省去,意思就变成了“让某人一直做某事”);在被动语态中,三个 短语中的from都不能省略。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 The group asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the interna- tional community.该团体请求各个部门做出贡献,并在国际社会内筹集资金。 (教材P4) 情景导学 I will also try my best to make a contribution/make contributions to society;I firmly believe that a bright future is waiting for us.我也会尽我最大的努力为社会做出贡献;我坚信一个美好的未 来正在等待着我们。    (写作·为社会做贡献) 用法归纳 make a 　 　　    /make 　　　     to...为……做贡献 词汇拓展 contribute v.捐献;贡献;捐(款);造成;投(稿) 词汇 10 contribution n.捐款;贡献;捐赠 contribution contributions 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 contribute...to... 把……贡献给……;给……捐款;往……投稿 contribute to 促成;导致;有助于 •The student volunteers contributed their own time to helping the old people in the nursing home.学生志愿者贡献了自己的时间来帮助养老院的老人。    (写作·志愿服务) •Making a schedule is a must, for good time management will contribute to our efficiency.制订 时间表是必须的,因为好的时间管理将有助于(提高)我们的效率。    (写作·时间管理) 特别提醒 在make a contribution/make contributions to和contribute to中,to均为介词,其后要跟名词、代 词或动词-ing形式。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念   情景助记 contribute词义辨析 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Why did the Egyptian government want to attempt the building of the dam?为什么埃及政府要 试图建设这个水坝? (教材P5) 情景导学 One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack.一天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时,她晕倒了,最终被发现是心脏病 发作。 (2021全国乙) He has already survived two attempts on his life.他已经两次逃过暗杀。 I passed my driving test at the first attempt.我第一次考驾驶执照就通过了。 The famous director made an attempt at adapting the moving story for a film.这位著名的导演试 图把这个动人的故事改编成电影。 词汇 11 attempt n.& vt.企图;试图;尝试 n.杀人企图 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 You should exercise regularly and have a healthy diet in an attempt to have a strong body.为了有 一个强壮的身体,你应该定期锻炼并且健康饮食。    (写作·健康生活) 用法归纳  ①attempt 　 　    sth.试图/尝试/努力做某事  ②make an attempt to do/　　     doing sth.试图/尝试做某事 ③　　     an attempt to do sth.为了做某事 ④　　     the first/second/... attempt第一次/第二次/……尝试 ⑤an attempt on one's life企图谋杀某人 to do at in at 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 A lot of money was spent to protect the temples. Do you think it was worthwhile?(人们)花了很 多钱来保护这些寺庙。你觉得值得吗? (教材P5) 情景导学 I think that it is worthwhile to learn/learning English, and I think it has the following advantages. 我认为学英语是值得的,我认为它有以下好处。    (写作·英语学习) 用法归纳 It's worthwhile　　    /　　    sth.值得做某事。 易混辨析 词汇 12 worthwhile adj.值得做的;值得花时间的 worth 意为“值……钱;值得……”,可作表语或后置定语,其后一定要有名词、动名词等作宾语。常用于:①sth. be (well) worth doing=It is (well) worth doing sth.(非常)值得做某事,某事(非常)值得被做;②be worth sth.值得…… to do doing 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 worthy 意为“应得的,值得的”,常作表语或定语,后接不定式、of加名词或动名词。常用于:①be worthy of sth.值得……的(常接抽象名词);②sth. be worthy of being done= sth. be worthy to be done某事值得被做 worthwhile 意为“值得做的”,可作定语、表语或宾补。常用于:It's worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某事 •This idea is worth considering/consideration.=This idea is worthy of consideration. =This idea is worthy of being considered/to be considered. =It is worthwhile considering/to consider this idea.这个想法值得考虑。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Words to show comparison and/or contrast表示比较和/或对比的单词(教材P8) 情景导学 By comparison, expenditure on education increased last year.相比之下,去年教育经费增加了。 It is difficult to make a comparison, because these two books are completely different.进行比较 是很困难的,因为这两本书完全不同。 My favourite season is autumn, because the weather is more agreeable in comparison to/with summer.我最喜欢的季节是秋天,因为与夏天相比,秋天的天气更加宜人。    (写作·季节) 用法归纳 ①make/draw a comparison(between sb./sth.)比较(某人/某物之间的)相似之处 ②in comparison 　　    /　　    ...和……相比(=by comparison with...) 词汇 13  comparison n.比较;相比 to with 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③　　     comparison相比之下(尤用于句首) 词汇拓展 compare v.比较;与……类似;将……比作 compare A to/with/and B比较A和B compare A to B 把A比作B compared to/with...与……相比(常在句中作状语) •Stop comparing yourself with others.停止比较你自己和别人。 (2020全国Ⅰ) •Because of their selfless dedication, we often compare our teachers to candles.因为他们的无 私奉献,我们经常把我们的老师们比作蜡烛。 •Compared with the developments of AI, advances in ALife are harder to recognise.与人工智 能的发展相比,人工生命的进步更难被认可。 (2023北京) by  第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Words to show comparison and/or contrast表示比较和/或对比的单词 (教材P8) 情景导学 In contrast to his brother, Tom is rather short and fat.与他的哥哥相比,汤姆相当矮且胖。    (读 后续写·外貌描写) She had almost failed the exam, but her younger sister, by/in contrast, had done very well.她考试 差点不及格,而相比之下她妹妹考得很好。 You will find it interesting to contrast British English with/and American English.你会发现把英 式英语和美式英语加以对比很有意思。 He is an old farmer, whose grey hair contrasts sharply with his dark skin.他是一个上了年纪的农 民,他灰白的头发与他黝黑的皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。    (读后续写·外貌描写) 词汇 14 contrast n.对比;对照 vt.对比;对照 vi.形成对比 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳  ①in contrast 　　    与……形成对比 ②　　    /　　     contrast相比之下  ③contrast A 　　    /　　     B把A与B作对比 ④contrast sharply　　    ...与……形成鲜明对比 to by in with and with 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 高频词汇积累 词汇 释义 用法&拓展 creative adj.创造性的;有创造力的;有创意的 creative thinking创造性思维(2021全国乙) creative spirit 创新精神(2021新高考Ⅱ) creative designs有创意的设计 creatively adv.创造性地;有创造力地 creativity n.创造力 creation n.创造 creator n.创造者 -ive表示“有……性质的;有……倾向的”。如:active积极的;attractive吸引人的;competitive竞争的; effective有效的;impressive给人印象深刻的 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 preserve vt.保存;保护;维持 n.保护区 preserve...from (doing) sth.保护……免于(做)某事 well-preserved adj.(物体或建筑)保存良好的 the best-preserved Roman monuments保存最好的罗马历史遗迹(2020全国Ⅲ) preservation n.保护;维护;保存 promote vt.促进;提升;推销;晋级 promote traditional cultures弘扬传统文化 promote understanding 增进理解 promote international cooperation and cultural exchanges促进国际合作和文化交流(2022全国乙) be promoted to manager被晋升为经理 promotion n.晋升;提拔;晋级 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 proposal n.提议;建议 make/put forward a proposal提出建议 approve/accept/reject a proposal同意/接受/拒绝建议 propose v.提议;建议;打算;计划 propose doing sth.建议做某事 propose a toast (to sb.)(为某人)祝酒 propose that sb. (should) do sth.建议某人做某事 It is proposed to do sth.有人提议做某事 propose doing/to do sth.打算/计划做某事 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 protest n.抗议 vi.& vt.(公开)反对;抗议 protest about/against/at (doing) sth.抗议(做)某事 without protest一声未吭地 protester n.抗议者;反对者 establish vt.建立;创立 establish a relationship with...与……建立关系  set up/found建立;创建 established adj.已确立的;确定的 establishment n.建立;确立;机构;企业 loss n.丧失;损失 a sense of loss失落感 hearing/weight loss听力损失/体重减轻 loss of memory/memory loss失忆 felt at a loss感到困惑(2021全国甲) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 conduct n.行为;举止;管理方法 vt.组织;安排;带领 conduct an interview/a survey进行面试/调查 conducted two experiments进行了两次实验(2020新高考Ⅰ) Conducting further research.进行进一步的研究。(2022新高考Ⅱ) conduct oneself+prep./adv.举止……;表现…… conductor n.指挥;列车长;售票员 donate vt.(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠;赠送;献(血) donate...to...向……捐赠…… donate blood/clothes/money献血/捐衣服/捐钱 donation n.捐赠;赠送;捐赠物 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 disappear vi.消失;灭绝;消亡  appear v.出现;呈现 disappearance n.不见;消失 dis-表示“不,非,相反”。 如:disagree不同意;dislike不喜欢;disobey不服从;discourage劝阻;disadvantage劣势;dishonest不诚实的 process n.过程;进程;步骤 vt.处理;加工 in the process of...在……的过程中 The discussion process.讨论的过程。(2023新课标Ⅰ) process food加工食物 processor n.加工机(或工人);处理器 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 forgive vt.& vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅;宽恕 vt.对不起;请原谅 forgive sb. sth.原谅某人某事 Forgive yourself for mistakes原谅自己犯的错(2020全国Ⅰ) forgive and forget不念旧恶;不记仇 forgiveness n.原谅;宽恕 quality n.质量;品质;素质;特征 adj.优质的;高质量的 be of high/good quality质量好 quality products高质量的产品 high-quality teaching高质量的教学(2023北京) improves the quality of our experiences提升我们的体验 的质量(2023全国甲) 形近词: quantity n.数量;数额;数目 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 further adv.更远;进一步 adj.更多的;更进一步的;附加的 go further走得更远　further details/information详情 longed to explore further渴望进一步探索(2022全国甲) 注意:further、farther都是far的比较级,但是farther只表示 时间或空间上的“更远”,而further既可以表示时间或空 间上的“更远”,还可以表示抽象意义上的“更远”,如: further study进修,深造 opinion n.意见;想法;看法 in one's opinion 在某人看来 ask for sb.'s opinion征询某人的意见 express/give/offer/voice an opinion表达主张 have a high/low/good/poor opinion of...对……评价高/低/好/差 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 identify vt.确认;认出;找到 identify...as...确认……为…… identification n.鉴定;确认;身份证明 形近词:identity n.身份;同一性;特征 identity card (ID card)身份证 -(i)fy表示“使成为,使变成,使进入……状态”。如:beautify美化;terrify使恐惧;simplify使简化;purify净化;classify将……分类 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 There comes a time when the old must give way to the new...新旧更替的时代已经到来……  (教材P4) 情景导学 Here it comes.它来了。 Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。 Down came the rain.下雨了。 Then came the moment—the time to share the day's new learning.然后是分享一天的新知识的 时刻。 经典结构 情景破 结构 1 副词位于句首的完全倒装 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 表示方向、时间或地点的副词　　    、up、　　    、first、then、　　    、there等位于句 首,且主语是　　    时,要用完全倒装。当主语是代词时不用倒装。 结构拓展 完全倒装的其他形式: ①将作状语的介词短语置于句首 •On the desk lies an apple.桌子上有一个苹果。 ②将表语置于句首,构成“表语+系动词+主语”结构 •Present at the meeting were some experts from China.一些来自中国的专家出席了会议。 •Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.同样重要的还 有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。 down now here 名词 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 ③将分词短语置于句首 •Lying on the floor was a boy aged about twelve, who looked pale and tired.躺在地上的是一个 大约十二岁的男孩,他脸色苍白,疲惫不堪。    (读后续写·人物描写) 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomor- row.这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来之路, 而且还意识到多个国家有 可能合作建设一个更美好的明天。(教材P4) 情景导学 Not only did physical activity decrease, but people started eating more and more processed food. 不但(人们的)体育活动减少了,人们也开始食用越来越多的加工食品。    (写作·健康生活) Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们,他们的老师也在欣 赏这部影片。 结构 2 not only...but (also)...不仅……而且…… 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳 ①not only...but(also)...为并列连词,用于连接两个并列的成分,当连接两个分句且 not only 位 于句首时,not only 所在的分句要用　　    语序。 ②not only A but (also) B+谓语动词+其他,谓语动词的单复数由　　    决定,即要遵循“就近 原则”。 结构拓展 连接并列主语时通常遵循“就近原则”的连词还有: neither...nor...、either...or...、not...but... 等。 •Neither he nor I am satisfied with your answer.他和我都对你的回答不满意。 倒装 B 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Sentence 1 译文　新旧更替的时代已经到来,在走向未来的过程中,我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下 来。 长难句 图解 完全倒装 定语 时间状语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Sentence 2 译文　在听从了研究该问题的科学家和居住在水坝附近的居民的意见后,(埃及)政府于1959 年向联合国寻求帮助。 状语 定语 定语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Sentence 3 译文　这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来之路, 而且还意识到多个国家 有可能合作建设一个更美好的明天。 定语 宾语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 Sentence 4 译文　能体现这种精神的最好的例子或许就是联合国教科文组织,该组织有一项计划,旨在 防止全球各地世界文化遗址的消失。 非限制 性定语 定语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 限制性定语从句(3) 一、限制性定语从句的引导词 情景导学 This is the computer that/which/(省略) he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为他儿子买 的那台电脑。 The woman who/that protested against the decision at the meeting is Amy's manager. 在会上公 开反对该决定的那位女士是Amy的经理。 The man whose proposal was praised by the committee is my former classmate.提议受到委员会 表扬的那个人是我以前的同班同学。 This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.这支笔和我昨天买的笔一样。(同样的但不是同一支) 必备语法 情景破 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 That was a time when the two countries were at war.那是两国交战的时期。 This is the reason why he has been promoted to head of this department.这就是他被提升为这个 部门的负责人的原因。 This is the farm where we worked when we were young.这就是我们年轻时干活的农场。 用法归纳 (1)限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词,如果去掉,主 句的意思就不完整,这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,两者之间不用逗号分开。 (2)引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who、whom、①　　    、that、which、②　　    ,关 系副词有where、when、③　　    。 关系词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whose as why 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 whom 人 宾语 which 物或事 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 whose 人或物 定语 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词(reason) 原因状语 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 二、限制性定语从句需要注意的问题 1.在限制性定语从句中,关系代词指物时宜用that不宜用which的情况 情景导学1 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?李老师讲的所有东西你都记下来了吗? All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都已经做了。 用法归纳1 先行词为all、everything、little、few、none、nothing、anything、much等④　 　     时。 情景导学2 When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.谈到杭州,人们 首先想到的就是西湖。 用法归纳2 先行词是⑤　　     或被其修饰时。 不定代词 序数词 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 情景导学3 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。 用法归纳3 先行词是形容词最高级或被其⑥　　    时。 情景导学4 The only thing that she could do was go to the police station for help.她唯一能做的事就是去警 察局求助。 This is the very document that Mother has been looking for.这就是妈妈一直在找的那份文件。 用法归纳4 先行词被all、every、no、⑦　 　    、⑧　　     等修饰时。 情景导学5 Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗? 修饰 the only the very 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 用法归纳5 当先行词既有人又有物时。 情景导学6 Which is the dam that the famous company designed and built?这家著名的公司设计和建造的 水坝是哪座? 用法归纳6 主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。 2.当先行词是表示时间的time、day等或表示地点的place、house等时,一定要注意分析从句 的结构,弄清关系词在从句中所作的成分 情景导学 I still remember the day that/which/(省略) we spent together in the city.我仍然记得我们在那个 城市一起度过的那一天。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 This is the room where Lau Shaw once lived.这是老舍曾经居住过的房间。 用法归纳 分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语、宾语或表语,关系词应用⑨　　    或that(作宾语时可省略), 缺少时间状语或地点状语时, 才能用when或⑩　　    。 3.“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句 情景导学 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天 吗? We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.我们正在寻找这本书的主人。 用法归纳 “介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whom或which,不用who或that。如果先行词指 “ 　　    ”,用“介词+whom”;如果先行词指“ 　　    ”,用“介词+which”。 which where 人 物 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 4.“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词的确定 情景导学1 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。 用法归纳1 根据介词与先行词搭配的具体意义来确定。 情景导学2 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上, 没有一个她可以求助的人。 Trading in leather shoes is the career in which the Greens are interested.做皮鞋生意是格林一家 感兴趣的事业。 用法归纳2 根据定语从句中介词与 　　    或 　　     的固定搭配来确定。 动词 形容词 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 特别提醒 在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用,如look after、look for、listen to、pay attention to、take care of等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.护士们照顾的那些婴儿很健康。 (✕) The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.护士们照顾的那些婴儿很健康。(√) 情景导学3 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.这种无色的、没有它我们就无 法生存的气体被称为氧气。 用法归纳3 根据句子表达的意思确定用什么介词。 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 即时巩固 单句语法填空 1.(2023全国甲)It's the only Thai restaurant 　　　　    ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best restaurants list. 2.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Producing food 　　　　     no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other re- sources used to grow it. 3.(2022新高考Ⅰ)Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years 　　　　     our children were little. 4.(2022新高考Ⅰ)In a world 　　　　    nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. 5.(2021全国甲)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall 　　　　    has survived Chi- that  that/which when where that 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 na's long history. 6.(2021新高考Ⅰ)This was the sort of work 　　　　     made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those 　　　　    did the work, he told me. 7.(2021全国乙)We had a woman patient 　　　　    was recovering from a knee replacement operation. 8.The prize will go to the writer 　　　　    story has the best ending. 9.English is a “fixed word order” language 　　　　    each phrase has a fixed position. 10.Your performance at the meeting gave me a deep impression and that's the reason 　　　　     I want you. 11.I will remember the day forever 　　　　    which I took first place in the contest. 12.The computer 　　　　    which I paid 4,000 yuan is made in that company. that/which who who/that whose where why on for 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 13.Tom brings the result 　　　　    which his father will be satisfied. 14.The writer and his book 　　　　    they have just talked about are really well known. 15.Look!He is wearing the same hat 　　　　    I'm wearing now. with that as 第1讲　描述运动的基本概念 $$