Unit 3 The world of Science Using language 语法讲解课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

Using language Unit 3 The world of science Present perfect passive 现在完成时的被动语态 【语法导图】 现在完成时的被动语态 概述 构成 用法 注意事项 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问式 特殊疑问式 强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能一直持续下去 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前面要用相应的介词 用于时间或条件状语从句中 要义详解 一、现在完成时的被动语态概念和构成 1）概念 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动动作，它有两层意思： （1）动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果： (2)主语与谓语动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 1. Our classroom _____________(clean), you needn’t clean it now. 2. These flowers ________________(water), you can go home. 2) 构成 肯定式 主语 +have/has been done 否定句 主语 +have/has not been done 一般疑问句 have/has +主语+ been done...? 特殊疑问句 疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...? has been cleaned have been watered Step II: Analysis and Identification (1) What is rules No.1 in the following phrases? ① “China speed”has been given new meanings in the past decade. 在过去的十年间，“中国速度”已经被赋予了新的含义。 ②The new hospital has been completed now. 新医院现已建成。 Rules No.1:表示一个被动动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently,in the past /last few days等连用。 Step IV: Make a comparison Activity 1: What are the difference between past simple passive voice and past simple passive voice? 语法 形式 意义 关系 一般过去时被动语态 be done 表示_____意义 现在完成时的被动语态 have/has been done 表示_____意义 表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响。 被动 动作或状态尽管发生在过去，强调说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。 被动 1. 表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till/to now，since，before等连用。 1.The machine has been repaired for two hours. 2.How long has the car been repaired? 用法: 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...？”句型中。 1.My composition has already been polished again and again. 我的作文已经被反复润色过了。 2.The lost boy hasn’t been found yet. 那个失踪的男孩还没有被找到。 单句语法填空 1. Over the past ten years, this town_________________(hit) twice by earthquakes. 2. The construction of the laboratory_________________(complete) by the end of last year. 3. The shop is reported to ___________________(break) into last night in the local newspaper. 4. Since the cause of this disease___________________(discover), now we need to develop the medicine to treat it. 5. A great deal of money___________________(spend) in saving the lives of the trapped miners since last week. has been hit had been completed have been broken has been discovered has been spent 1. He _______________(select) to take part in the sports meeting already. 2. The ink ________________(not) removed from his overcoat. 3. _______the date for the next meeting ___________(decide)? 4. How long ______the battery ____________(not change)? 【即学活用】 完成句子/单句翻译 1. The boys ________________________(已经被多次告知) not to swim in that lake, but it doesn’t make any difference. 2. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _________________(没有确定）yet. 3. That book ___________________(已经被翻译）into at last 20 foreign languages so far. 4. 电池多久没有更换了？ _______________________________________ 5. 下次会议的日期已确定了吗？______________________________________ 1. has been selected 2. has not been removed 3. Has...been decided 4. has...been changed has been told many times has not been decided has been translated How long has the battery not been changed? Has the date for the next meeting been decided? 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时刻已完成的动作。即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 1.We'll start as soon as the work has been finished. 4. 副词的位置 表示频度的副词，如 often、usually、always、never、hardly、seldom等副词，须置于have/has与been之间 (1) Such a man has hardly been believed. (2) The machine has already been repaired. 2.The teacher won’t leave until all the children have been picked up. 直到所有的孩子都被接走,老师才会离开。 阅读下面句子，使用括号内单词的正确形式填空 (1)A lot of factories (fund) by the government in the last twenty years. 许多工厂在过去的二十年里受到了政府的资助。 (2)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement ________________ (reach) so far by the two sides. 尽管之前有多轮谈判，但到目前为止，双方还未达成协议。 (3)Great success (achieve) to date in medicine due to the advanced technology.由于先进的技术，医学领域至今已取得巨大成功。 have been funded has been reached has been achieved = up to now 总结：现在完成时的被动语态可以表示被动的动作在说话前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，to date，for a long time，in recent years，in/during/over the last/past...years等连用。 阅读下面句子，使用括号内单词的正确形式填空 (1)The machine (repair) for two hours. 这台机器已经被修了两个小时了。 (2)The software (update) continuously since its release in 2018. 自2018年发布以来，该软件一直在不断更新。 has been repaired has been updated 总结：现在完成时的被动语态还可以表示被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。 Activity 2: practice 1. Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive. Many things in our lives have already been affected, … 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London. But perhaps the most significant success that has been achieved to date is in medicine. Human body parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology. A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire! 1 2 3 4 5 2.阅读下面句子，根据括号内的要求改写句子 (1)So far 3D printing has affected many things in our lives.(改成被动语态) → . (2)The workers have not transported the donated computers to that school yet.(改成被动语态) →_____________________________________________________________ . So far many things in our lives have been affected by 3D printing The donated computers have not been transported to that school (by the workers) yet (3)The date for the next meeting has been decided.(改成一般疑问句) → ? (4)The institution has been set up for five years.(对画线部分进行提问) → ? Has the date for the next meeting been decided How long has the institution been set up 1.They have paid enough attention to the problem. →___________________________________________________ 2.People have cut down a number of big trees along the road to build houses. →_____________________________________________________________________ 将下列句子改为被动句 The problem has been paid enough attention to (by them). A number of big trees along the road have been cut down to build houses. 3.They have spent large quantities of funds in bringing up the three children. →_______________________________________________________________________ 4.They have donated some new teaching equipment to our school since 2017. →_____________________________________________________________ Large quantities of funds have been spent in bringing up the three Some new teaching equipment has been donated to our school since children (by them). 2017 (by them). 5.People have made great advances in technology such as virtual reality. →_____________________________________________________________ Great advances have been made in technology such as virtual reality (by people). 文本 45% 高考链接 —Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing? ——你了解张仲景吗？ —By all means. He ________ (honour) as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty. ——当然。自东汉以来，他就被尊称为医圣。 ③has been honoured 解析：“since the Eastern Han Dynasty” 是现在完成时的标志词，“He” 和 “honour” 是被动关系，主语是单数，所以用has been honoured。 2025/5/21 15 文本 45% 高考链接 The opinion that learning is a lifelong process ________ (express) by education experts throughout the years. 多年来，教育专家们一直表达着“学习是一个终身的过程”这一观点。 ④has been expressed 解析：“throughout the years” 表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用，“opinion” 和 “express” 是被动关系 ，主语是单数，所以用has been expressed。 2025/5/21 16 To summarize the features and usages of Present perfect passive. 现在完成时的被动语态 Summary 总结 肯定式 主语+have/has been done... 否定式 主语+have/has not been done... 一般疑问式 Have/Has +主语+been done...? 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done...? $$