专题05 阅读理解说明文-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（内蒙古专用）

题型05 说明文阅读理解 （一） How do you deal with your old clothes? Some don’t fit you. Some are out of fashion. Or you simply don’t like some of them. Let’s take a look at some great ways to recycle old clothes. First, some clothes don’t fit you any longer, but are still in good condition. You can give them to your friends. They could be excited especially if the clothing suits their style of dressing. Second, giving them to someone who needs them is a good way to recycle. Remember to clean the clothes before giving them away. Third, you can use parts of soft clothing as cleaning cloth, such as car and window cleaning materials, drying-up towels (毛巾) and so on. Fourth, we can use soft toys like dolls and soft toy bears for recycled clothing. We can also make the bodies of toys with old clothes. Recycling is a great way to help deal with the environment (环境) problems. If you want to choose some easy ways to help save the earth, just recycle the old clothes. It is so simple and useful. What will you do with your old clothes? 1．What does the underlined word “recycle” mean in Chinese? A．再生 B．回收 C．减少 D．再利用 2．What should we do before giving old clothes away? A．Choose clothes. B．Clean the clothes. C．Collect old clothes. D．Find someone who needs them. 3．What can the soft clothing be used as? A．Bags. B．Cleaning cloth. C．Dolls. D．Gifts. 4．How many ways of recycling old clothes are mentioned (提及) in this passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 5．What does the passage want to tell us? A．To give old clothes to friends. B．To help others. C．To recycle the old clothes. D．To change the environment. （二） Are you curious (好奇的) about P.E. class in Canada? It’s different from that in China. I have my P.E. class every morning from 8:40 to 10:00. Before the class starts, we all need to get changed. After the attendance (出勤), we have to run around the school to warm up. And then the teacher decides the plan for that day: go to the weight room or stay inside the gym (体育馆) and play ball games. In the weight room, there is a lot of equipment (设施) for us to exercise our muscles (肌肉). We usually spend about 30 minutes there. After that, we go back to the gym and play ball games, or have free time on the playground. Our playground is very big with huge grassland. Girls may choose to do yoga or join the boys to play soccer, Frisbee, or American football. If we don’t want to move, we can just lie on the grass and enjoy the sunshine. If the teacher decides to stay in the gym, we usually practice different ball games. We learn how to play soccer, basketball, volleyball and badminton. At the end of each unit, we have a written test including (包括) 20 “True or False” questions to see if we know the rules of that ball game. We also have skill tests. It is usually a ball competition or some movements. In P.E. class, I learn a lot of new things and I really enjoy myself. I love P.E. class. 1．How often do the students have P.E. class in Canada? A．Once a week. B．Once a day. C．Twice a week. D．Twice a day. 2．From Paragraph 3, we learn that ________. A．students have to stay in the gym for at least 30 minutes B．students must play ball games in P.E. class C．students can have free time on the playground D．girl students and boy students can’t play together 3．What do students have to do in a written test? A．Answer “True or False” questions. B．Write down ball game rules. C．Watch a ball competition. D．Do some movements. 4．What does the writer think of their P.E. class? A．Useless. B．Boring. C．Difficult. D．Useful and fun. （三） Have you ever heard of the iceberg model (冰山模式)? It shows that what we see from the surface (表面) is only part of the story. There is a lot more going on under it. Recently, students from Chengdu Yucai Middle School used this model to understand different cultures. “Culture is like an iceberg, as some parts of it can be seen and some cannot,” explained, teacher Liu Yue. Things like clothes, buildings and music are the part “above the water”. And the “unseen” part is the way people think, such as how we see life and death. Inspired (启发) by this idea, 13-year-old Li Yixuan gave an example. “When we are praised by others, we’re likely to reply by saying ‘Not at all’ or ‘I’m not that great’” said Li. “This comes down to the humility (谦逊) that we Chinese have had since ancient times.” Sun Boyin thought beyond our own culture. In 202l, actor Mirai Moriyama danced with the white clothes while funeral (丧葬的) music played during the opening of the 2020 Tokyo Games. It led some to say it was “strange and uncomfortable” to watch. But it turned out to be “Japan’s special way to show mourning for those who have passed away”, Sun said. For some, this can be an enlightening class. “We can’t judge a culture only by what we see”, said Guo Yinyue. “If we want to fully understand a country’s culture. We need to think more about its invisible part so as to have better communication” said Shu Yuyang. 1．What is the unseen part of culture? A．The part of above the water. B．The way people think. C．The surface of the story. D．The under part of the iceberg. 2．If somebody says “You are excellent!”, how do Chinese usually reply? A．You are welcome. B．I am sorry to hear that. C．You are right, thanks. D．I’m not that great. 3．What is Mirai Moriyama? A．An actor. B．A student. C．A teacher. D．A player. 4．Which word is close to the underlined word “mourning”? A．Happiness. B．Sadness. C．Kindness. D．Darkness. 5．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Different Countries, Different Cultures B．There are Two Sides of Each Problem C．The Iceberg Model and Different Cultures D．The Importance of Iceberg Culture （四） ①People who have trouble walking or moving around often have a hard time enjoying the beach. But hundreds of beaches in Greece (希腊) now offer a new way for people in wheelchairs to get into the water by themselves. It’s called Seatrac. ②Seatrac is a chair on a moving ramp (坡道). It can carry a disabled person into the sea. Once in the sea, the person can either stay in the chair, enjoying the water, or go for a swim. When the person wants to get out of the water, he can use the remote control (遥控器) to bring the chair back to the top of the ramp. It’s even possible for him or her to take a shower in the chair after a swim. ③Seatrac was invented and developed in Greece. The idea for it came when one of the inventors, Ignatios Fotiou, was talking with a friend who used a wheelchair. The friend said he enjoyed the sea, but didn’t like having to be carried into the ocean. ④Mr. Fotiou wanted to find an easier way for wheelchair users to get into the water. He worked hard with others to develop the Seatrac system. He made the system simple to put in place and easy to run. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach the Seatrac. The system is solar-powered (太阳能的), and can keep running even if the electricity (电) goes out. ⑤This summer, the Seatrac system is being used at over 220 beaches in Greece and other countries. Thanks to Seatrac, people who use wheelchairs now can cool down in the sea. 1．What can Seatrac do according to the passage? A．Help the disabled go home after a swim. B．Choose a suitable beach for the disabled. C．Help the disabled get in and out of the sea safely. D．Make the disabled move around the beach freely. 2．What made Mr. Fotiou decide to develop Seatrac? A．His partner’s advice. B．His deep love for the sea. C．His friend’s difficulty. D．His wish to make friends. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The development of the electricity. B．The strong points of the Seatrac system. C．The future of solar-powered wheelchairs. D．The friendship between Fotiou and his friend. 4．Which of the following can best describe Seatrac according to the last paragraph？ A．Popular. B．Cheap. C．Natural. D．Dangerous. 5．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To show the development of the Seatrac system. B．To encourage care for disabled people around us. C．To give advice on using solar-powered wheelchairs. D．To introduce a new invention for wheelchair users. （五） ①Xu Jian is a visually impaired (视力受损的) woman in Shenzhen, Guangdong. For the past seven years, Xu’s guide dog Daimeng has been at her side at work and for everyday activities. ②Xu got the dog from the China Guide Dog Training Center in Dalian, Liaoning province, the first guide dog training center on the Chinese mainland. Wang Jingyu, a professor (教授) at Dalian Medical University, set it up in 2006. Over the years, the center has trained about 400 guide dogs, with more than 350 now serving in 27 provinces and cities across China. ③According to Wang Xin, a trainer in the center, 90 percent of the center’s guide dogs are Labradors, which are kind and smart. Once trainers find good guide baby dogs, the dogs need to take personality (性格) tests. A good guide dog should not be too curious (好奇的), excitable or shy as these personalities could cause problems during work, according to Wang. ④One volunteer, surnamed Sun, has raised four baby dogs since 2019. “Raising guide dogs is quite different from raising pet dogs,” said Sun. She strictly follows the center’s guidelines for their care. She also guides them along raised paths (道路) made for visually impaired people so they can feel them and know they are safe. ⑤However, even if the dogs pass all tests, they could still be turned down if they don’t enjoy the role of a guide dog, Wang added. Typically, guide dogs serve for six to 10 years. Those who are turned down or are too old are usually taken in as pets by their trainers, those who raised them, or volunteers. 1．In Paragraph 2, what can we know about the China Guide Dog Training Center in Dalian? A．Xu Jian set it up in 2006. B．Its services cover many areas. C．It only trains homeless dogs. D．It’s the largest center in China. 2．Which italic (斜体) word has the same meaning as the underlined word “raised” in Paragraph 4? A．They raised the money to buy food for old people. B．She raised her eyes from her work but said nothing. C．It was hard for the woman to raise four kids by herself. D．I really want to raise two important questions with you. 3．What can we learn about a guide dog from the passage? A．A guide dog needs to enjoy its role as a guide dog. B．A good guide dog should be excitable during work. C．It takes a trainer six to 10 years to train a guide dog. D．The trainer should take personality tests with a guide dog. 4．What will a guide dog become when it is old? A．A police helper. B．A volunteer. C．A pet. D．A trainer. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Guiding the way B．Enjoying hard work C．Explore the nature D．Living a simple life （一） ①Have you ever talked to a smartphone or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like Baidu? Well, the ChatGPT is a kind of thing like that, but it’s even smarter. ②ChatGPT is a cool computer program that can answer many questions and can have conversations with you. It can understand what you are saying and respond (反应) in a way. It was released (发布) by Open Al in November 2022. They used a lot of information from books, websites and even movies to teach ChatGPT to talk to people. ③Now the ChatGPT is ready to talk to you. You can ask it anything you want to know like what’s the capital of France or what’s the biggest animal in the world. But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke. ▲ ④ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but it’s also a great tool to help you learn new things. Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are increasing your knowledge. Maybe you will discover a new hobby or find an answer to a question that has been bothering (困扰) you for a while. But most importantly, using ChatGPT can be a lot of fun. It’s like having a new friend who is always there to chat with you and answer your questions. ⑤However, ChatGPT isn’t perfect. It cannot take the place of face-to-face communication. Some people will use it to cheat, so we should use it correctly. 1．The writer introduces the topic of ChatGPT by ________. A．asking a question B．showing differences C．listing facts D．giving an example 2．Which of the following is the best for “_______”? A．It is quite a natural speaking machine. B．You can learn something new with ChatGPT. C．It can make you laugh when you are sad. D．It makes a breakthrough in language understanding. 3．The underlined word “increasing” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．controlling B．sharing C．breaking D．adding 4．According to passage, which of the following is true? A．ChatGPT was released by Open AI in December 2022. B．ChatGPT is just a searching machine. C．ChatGPT is very creative and can do many things. D．ChatGPT took the place of face-to-face communication. 5．The structure (结构) of this passage is ________. (① = Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． （二） How could a type of flower become so dangerous? Watch out! A type of flower is spreading in China. It is called Canadian Goldenrod (加拿大一枝黄花), a beautiful native plant in North America. It’s a bright yellow flower. It’s good to the greater food chain. Some people like it a lot. But it is also one of the most aggressive (侵略性) plants on the planet. It spreads very fast. It hurts our environment. Now the flower is spreading fast in many places in China and other countries. We can see it in many places in China. It’s believed that the flower first came to China in 1935 just as an ornamental (观赏) plant. In the 1980s, it started to spread to many places. In 2010, China named it as an alien invasive species (外来入侵物种). As an invasive species, there are few plants and animals to stop it. So, it spreads very fast and causes other plants around it to die. So some Chinese people call it “the flower of the devil (恶魔)”. It is now mostly spreading in Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan and Zhejiang provinces. If you happen to see this flower on the street, please call 12345 to report it. Then, some workers will come to kill it. Let’s look after our environment together! Go away, evil flower! 1．From Paragraph 1, we know that the Canada goldenrod is ________. A．the national flower of Canada B．beautiful with a bright yellow color C．hurting Canada’s environment D．spreading from China to North America 2．When did the flower first come to China? A．In 1935. B．In the 1980s. C．In 2010. D．Last year. 3．What might the word “causes” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．helps something grow B．looks after something C．makes something happen D．makes something beautiful 4．Why is the flower called “the flower of the devil” in China? A．Because it can eat other plants. B．Because it hurts China’s environment. C．Because it grows only in a few provinces. D．Because it can even grow on the street. 5．The writer wrote this passage to tell us that ________. A．many flowers in China come from other countries B．the Canadian Goldenrod is good for our environment C．it is not easy to grow plants in some provinces D．we should stop the spread of the Canada goldenrod in China （三） What would you like for lunch? Maybe, a battery (电池)? Although it sounds unusual, this has already been realized by scientists as they develop electronic (电子的) things you can eat. Robofood, led by Dario Floreano from a Swiss Institute, has created a new drone (无人机) with scientists from Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Half of the parts inside can be eaten! The program aims to (旨在) make robots that can be eaten and foods that act like robots by mixing food science and robots in a new way. The drone’s wings are made from rice cakes glued together with oil and chocolate. It can find missing people or animals in emergencies (紧急情况) and send food or medicine. Parts of the drone can be eaten because they meet food safety standards for emergencies set by the United Nations. However, the main challenge is finding stronger edible (可食用的) materials for the drone’s wings to prepare for bad weather and high temperatures—of course, the chocolate may melt (融化) easily. Robofood also developed an edible sensor (感应器) to help monitor stomach sickness, and it’s eaten by the patient to check the conditions inside. It’s different from other sensors because it’s easy for your body to digest (消化), so it won’t leave any remains inside the body. The invention of Robofood also helps with environmental protection. There are batteries that you can fully eat. They are made from natural things like vitamin B2 and elements found in fruits. This helps the environment because you won’t have to throw them away like other batteries. 1．What is Robofood’s main goal? A．To develop smart drones. B．To create edible electronics. C．To help check stomach disease. D．To put sensors on drones. 2．What problem does Robofood’s drone have? A．The drone can easily break during flying. B．The drone cannot take off in bad weather. C．The materials are not strong enough. D．The materials cannot easily melt. 3．Compared to other sensors for checking the stomach, what can Robofood’s sensors do? A．They can be safer for human body. B．They can check more carefully. C．They can stay in the human body longer. D．They can be taken as medicine. 4．Why is Robofood’s battery good for nature? A．It uses less power. B．It cuts down pollution. C．It uses solar power. D．It is made from food waste. （四） In the past few years, a video of young Chinese doing Baduanjin has been played for more than 10 million times on Bilibili. No one could have expected that Baduanjin has become so popular among Chinese young people. Baduanjin, also called “eight-section brocade (锦缎)”, is a kind of slow-moving qigong created over 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty (960-1276). It shows how the eight movements make the human body as fluid as silk. The health of the body is achieved during exercise. It has many benefits (益处). By practicing Baduanjin, you can expect to improve your health, strengthen your spirit and live longer. “I have been doing Baduanjin for about four months and I am thankful for Baduanjin since it gives me a much healthier lifestyle,” a young man said. Unlike more physically demanding (体力需求) sports such as the ball games, Baduanjin is slow and usually done with soothing music, so it used to be seen as the sport for the elders. In fact, it’s perfect for office workers because they often have pains in back and neck due to sitting in front of the computer for hours. But not all people are fit for practicing Baduanjin. People who fall easily should not take up this exercise and people should always put safety first when doing Baduanjin. 1．According to Paragraph 1, it’s ________ that Baduanjin becomes so popular among Chinese young people. A．unfair B．silly C．unbelievable D．simple 2．The writer mainly talks about ________ in Paragraph 3. A．the steps of Baduanjin B．the benefits of Baduanjin C．the development of Baduanjin D．the history of Baduanjin 3．What does the underlined word “soothing” mean? A．Exciting. B．Boring. C．Touching. D．Calming. 4．Baduanjin is not fit for ________. A．a woman living in a small room B．a man busy with work C．an office worker with a sore back D．an old man who falls easily （五） Humans got interested in the space thousands of years ago. Since the earliest times, people have looked up at the stars, the moon and the planets. They wondered about more facts of the universe. At that time, people could only use their eyes to observe (观测) the universe. But today, people have modern machines to look at the sky. They can see farther and know more about the space. This is very different from the past. When did humans first go into space? The story began not so very long ago. But you may be surprised that the first astronauts actually were not people — they were animals. Scientists wanted to make travelling to space safe for humans, so they decided to experiment with animals and test in spaceflights (宇宙飞行). Insects, mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of the animals to go into space. Many of them died but they had done a lot for humans. They helped to make space travel safer for humans. For their great service, we shouldn’t forget these animals. We should be thankful for their contribution. Albert I was the first monkey to go into space in 1949. Sadly, he died after his spaceship landed back on the earth. Luckily, the result was different for Ham the Monkey. His story ended happily when he returned to the earth in very good health. 1．How did people observe the universe in the past? A．They used modern machines. B．They did it by their imagination. C．They used some animals. D．They only used their eyes. 2．We can know from the text that ________. A．animals went into space earlier than humans B．the animals all died after they returned to the earth C．Ham was the first monkey to go into space in 1949 D．birds and cats also went into space 3．What does the underlined word “contribution” mean in Chinese? A．数据 B．研究 C．贡献 D．实验 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Amazing Universe B．The First Astronauts C．The Brave Human Astronauts D．The Danger of Universe 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 题型05 说明文阅读理解 （一） How do you deal with your old clothes? Some don’t fit you. Some are out of fashion. Or you simply don’t like some of them. Let’s take a look at some great ways to recycle old clothes. First, some clothes don’t fit you any longer, but are still in good condition. You can give them to your friends. They could be excited especially if the clothing suits their style of dressing. Second, giving them to someone who needs them is a good way to recycle. Remember to clean the clothes before giving them away. Third, you can use parts of soft clothing as cleaning cloth, such as car and window cleaning materials, drying-up towels (毛巾) and so on. Fourth, we can use soft toys like dolls and soft toy bears for recycled clothing. We can also make the bodies of toys with old clothes. Recycling is a great way to help deal with the environment (环境) problems. If you want to choose some easy ways to help save the earth, just recycle the old clothes. It is so simple and useful. What will you do with your old clothes? 1．What does the underlined word “recycle” mean in Chinese? A．再生 B．回收 C．减少 D．再利用 2．What should we do before giving old clothes away? A．Choose clothes. B．Clean the clothes. C．Collect old clothes. D．Find someone who needs them. 3．What can the soft clothing be used as? A．Bags. B．Cleaning cloth. C．Dolls. D．Gifts. 4．How many ways of recycling old clothes are mentioned (提及) in this passage? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 5．What does the passage want to tell us? A．To give old clothes to friends. B．To help others. C．To recycle the old clothes. D．To change the environment. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 【来源】内蒙古通辽市霍林郭勒市第五中学2022-2023学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何再利用旧衣服。 1．词句猜测题。根据“Let’s take a look at some great ways to recycle old clothes. First, some clothes don’t fit you any longer, but are still in good condition. You can give them to your friends...Second, giving them to someone who needs them is a good way to recycle...”可知，此处是介绍了一些再利用旧衣服的方法，故划线单词表示“再利用”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Remember to clean the clothes before giving them away.”可知，记得把衣服洗干净再送人。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Third, you can use parts of soft clothing as cleaning cloth, such as car and window cleaning materials, drying-up towels (毛巾) and so on”可知，可以使用部分柔软的衣物作为清洁布，如汽车和窗户的清洁材料，干毛巾等。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“First...Second...Third...Fourth...”可知，本文主要介绍了四种再利用旧衣服的方法。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文本主要介绍了如何再利用旧衣服。故选C。 （二） Are you curious (好奇的) about P.E. class in Canada? It’s different from that in China. I have my P.E. class every morning from 8:40 to 10:00. Before the class starts, we all need to get changed. After the attendance (出勤), we have to run around the school to warm up. And then the teacher decides the plan for that day: go to the weight room or stay inside the gym (体育馆) and play ball games. In the weight room, there is a lot of equipment (设施) for us to exercise our muscles (肌肉). We usually spend about 30 minutes there. After that, we go back to the gym and play ball games, or have free time on the playground. Our playground is very big with huge grassland. Girls may choose to do yoga or join the boys to play soccer, Frisbee, or American football. If we don’t want to move, we can just lie on the grass and enjoy the sunshine. If the teacher decides to stay in the gym, we usually practice different ball games. We learn how to play soccer, basketball, volleyball and badminton. At the end of each unit, we have a written test including (包括) 20 “True or False” questions to see if we know the rules of that ball game. We also have skill tests. It is usually a ball competition or some movements. In P.E. class, I learn a lot of new things and I really enjoy myself. I love P.E. class. 1．How often do the students have P.E. class in Canada? A．Once a week. B．Once a day. C．Twice a week. D．Twice a day. 2．From Paragraph 3, we learn that ________. A．students have to stay in the gym for at least 30 minutes B．students must play ball games in P.E. class C．students can have free time on the playground D．girl students and boy students can’t play together 3．What do students have to do in a written test? A．Answer “True or False” questions. B．Write down ball game rules. C．Watch a ball competition. D．Do some movements. 4．What does the writer think of their P.E. class? A．Useless. B．Boring. C．Difficult. D．Useful and fun. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【来源】山东省日照市东港区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末素养检测英语试题 【导语】本文主要介绍了加拿大的体育课。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I have my P.E. class every morning from 8:40 to 10:00.”可知，我每天早上8点40分到10点上体育课。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“After that, we go back to the gym and play ball games, or have free time on the playground.”可知，学生们可以在操场上自由活动。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“At the end of each unit, we have a written test including (包括) 20 ‘True or False’ questions to see if we know the rules of that ball game.”可知，在每个单元结束时，我们有一个笔试，包括20个“对或错”问题，看看我们是否知道那场球赛的规则。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In P.E. class, I learn a lot of new things and I really enjoy myself. I love P.E. class.”可知，在体育课上，我学到了很多新东西，我真的很享受，我喜欢体育课。由此推知，作者觉得体育课上有用且有趣的。故选D。 （三） Have you ever heard of the iceberg model (冰山模式)? It shows that what we see from the surface (表面) is only part of the story. There is a lot more going on under it. Recently, students from Chengdu Yucai Middle School used this model to understand different cultures. “Culture is like an iceberg, as some parts of it can be seen and some cannot,” explained, teacher Liu Yue. Things like clothes, buildings and music are the part “above the water”. And the “unseen” part is the way people think, such as how we see life and death. Inspired (启发) by this idea, 13-year-old Li Yixuan gave an example. “When we are praised by others, we’re likely to reply by saying ‘Not at all’ or ‘I’m not that great’” said Li. “This comes down to the humility (谦逊) that we Chinese have had since ancient times.” Sun Boyin thought beyond our own culture. In 202l, actor Mirai Moriyama danced with the white clothes while funeral (丧葬的) music played during the opening of the 2020 Tokyo Games. It led some to say it was “strange and uncomfortable” to watch. But it turned out to be “Japan’s special way to show mourning for those who have passed away”, Sun said. For some, this can be an enlightening class. “We can’t judge a culture only by what we see”, said Guo Yinyue. “If we want to fully understand a country’s culture. We need to think more about its invisible part so as to have better communication” said Shu Yuyang. 1．What is the unseen part of culture? A．The part of above the water. B．The way people think. C．The surface of the story. D．The under part of the iceberg. 2．If somebody says “You are excellent!”, how do Chinese usually reply? A．You are welcome. B．I am sorry to hear that. C．You are right, thanks. D．I’m not that great. 3．What is Mirai Moriyama? A．An actor. B．A student. C．A teacher. D．A player. 4．Which word is close to the underlined word “mourning”? A．Happiness. B．Sadness. C．Kindness. D．Darkness. 5．Which can be a proper title for the text? A．Different Countries, Different Cultures B．There are Two Sides of Each Problem C．The Iceberg Model and Different Cultures D．The Importance of Iceberg Culture 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 【来源】河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文介绍了成都育才中学的学生用冰山模式来理解不同文化的例子，并通过具体事例阐明了文化表面和深层次的不同部分。 1．细节理解题。根据“And the ‘unseen’ part is the way people think, such as how we see life and death.”可知，文化中看不见的部分是人们思考的方式。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“we’re likely to reply by saying ‘Not at all’ or ‘I’m not that great’”可知，中国人在受到赞扬时通常会谦逊地回答“我没那么好”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“In 202l, actor Mirai Moriyama danced with the white clothes while funeral (丧葬的) music played during the opening of the 2020 Tokyo Games.”可知，Mirai Moriyama是一名演员。故选A。 4．词句猜测题。根据上下文语境“Japan’s special way to show mourning for those who have passed away”可知，为那些去世的人展示哀悼的一种特殊方式，可推测出“mourning”为“哀悼、悲伤”的意思，与B选项“Sadness”意思匹配。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文，文章主要讲述成都育才中学的学生用冰山模式来理解不同文化的例子，因此选项C“冰山模式与不同文化”最为恰当。故选C。 （四） ①People who have trouble walking or moving around often have a hard time enjoying the beach. But hundreds of beaches in Greece (希腊) now offer a new way for people in wheelchairs to get into the water by themselves. It’s called Seatrac. ②Seatrac is a chair on a moving ramp (坡道). It can carry a disabled person into the sea. Once in the sea, the person can either stay in the chair, enjoying the water, or go for a swim. When the person wants to get out of the water, he can use the remote control (遥控器) to bring the chair back to the top of the ramp. It’s even possible for him or her to take a shower in the chair after a swim. ③Seatrac was invented and developed in Greece. The idea for it came when one of the inventors, Ignatios Fotiou, was talking with a friend who used a wheelchair. The friend said he enjoyed the sea, but didn’t like having to be carried into the ocean. ④Mr. Fotiou wanted to find an easier way for wheelchair users to get into the water. He worked hard with others to develop the Seatrac system. He made the system simple to put in place and easy to run. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach the Seatrac. The system is solar-powered (太阳能的), and can keep running even if the electricity (电) goes out. ⑤This summer, the Seatrac system is being used at over 220 beaches in Greece and other countries. Thanks to Seatrac, people who use wheelchairs now can cool down in the sea. 1．What can Seatrac do according to the passage? A．Help the disabled go home after a swim. B．Choose a suitable beach for the disabled. C．Help the disabled get in and out of the sea safely. D．Make the disabled move around the beach freely. 2．What made Mr. Fotiou decide to develop Seatrac? A．His partner’s advice. B．His deep love for the sea. C．His friend’s difficulty. D．His wish to make friends. 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The development of the electricity. B．The strong points of the Seatrac system. C．The future of solar-powered wheelchairs. D．The friendship between Fotiou and his friend. 4．Which of the following can best describe Seatrac according to the last paragraph？ A．Popular. B．Cheap. C．Natural. D．Dangerous. 5．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To show the development of the Seatrac system. B．To encourage care for disabled people around us. C．To give advice on using solar-powered wheelchairs. D．To introduce a new invention for wheelchair users. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【来源】浙江省绍兴市上虞区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了希腊发明的一种名为Seatrac的系统，帮助坐轮椅的残疾人自主进出海水享受海滩。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第②段“Seatrac is a chair on a moving ramp... It can carry a disabled person into the sea... When the person wants to get out of the water, he can use the remote control...”可知，Seatrac能帮助残疾人安全进出海水。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第③段“The idea for it came when... a friend who used a wheelchair... didn’t like having to be carried into the ocean”可知，Fotiou因朋友的困难而决定开发Seatrac。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。第④段主要描述Seatrac系统的优点：操作简单、太阳能驱动、停电仍可使用等。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第⑤段“the Seatrac system is being used at over 220 beaches in Greece and other countries”可知，Seatrac被广泛使用，说明其受欢迎。故选A。 5．推理判断题。 全文围绕Seatrac的功能、发明背景及优势展开，目的是向读者介绍这一新发明。故选D。 （五） ①Xu Jian is a visually impaired (视力受损的) woman in Shenzhen, Guangdong. For the past seven years, Xu’s guide dog Daimeng has been at her side at work and for everyday activities. ②Xu got the dog from the China Guide Dog Training Center in Dalian, Liaoning province, the first guide dog training center on the Chinese mainland. Wang Jingyu, a professor (教授) at Dalian Medical University, set it up in 2006. Over the years, the center has trained about 400 guide dogs, with more than 350 now serving in 27 provinces and cities across China. ③According to Wang Xin, a trainer in the center, 90 percent of the center’s guide dogs are Labradors, which are kind and smart. Once trainers find good guide baby dogs, the dogs need to take personality (性格) tests. A good guide dog should not be too curious (好奇的), excitable or shy as these personalities could cause problems during work, according to Wang. ④One volunteer, surnamed Sun, has raised four baby dogs since 2019. “Raising guide dogs is quite different from raising pet dogs,” said Sun. She strictly follows the center’s guidelines for their care. She also guides them along raised paths (道路) made for visually impaired people so they can feel them and know they are safe. ⑤However, even if the dogs pass all tests, they could still be turned down if they don’t enjoy the role of a guide dog, Wang added. Typically, guide dogs serve for six to 10 years. Those who are turned down or are too old are usually taken in as pets by their trainers, those who raised them, or volunteers. 1．In Paragraph 2, what can we know about the China Guide Dog Training Center in Dalian? A．Xu Jian set it up in 2006. B．Its services cover many areas. C．It only trains homeless dogs. D．It’s the largest center in China. 2．Which italic (斜体) word has the same meaning as the underlined word “raised” in Paragraph 4? A．They raised the money to buy food for old people. B．She raised her eyes from her work but said nothing. C．It was hard for the woman to raise four kids by herself. D．I really want to raise two important questions with you. 3．What can we learn about a guide dog from the passage? A．A guide dog needs to enjoy its role as a guide dog. B．A good guide dog should be excitable during work. C．It takes a trainer six to 10 years to train a guide dog. D．The trainer should take personality tests with a guide dog. 4．What will a guide dog become when it is old? A．A police helper. B．A volunteer. C．A pet. D．A trainer. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Guiding the way B．Enjoying hard work C．Explore the nature D．Living a simple life 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 【来源】浙江省绍兴市上虞区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文主要讲述了导盲犬的训练和服务，以及它们如何帮助视力受损的人。 1．细节理解题。根据“Wang Jingyu, a professor (教授) at Dalian Medical University, set it up in 2006. Over the years, the center has trained about 400 guide dogs, with more than 350 now serving in 27 provinces and cities across China.”可知，该中心的服务覆盖了许多地区。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据“One volunteer, surnamed Sun, has raised four baby dogs since 2019.”和“She strictly follows the center’s guidelines for their care. She also guides them along raised paths (道路) made for visually impaired people so they can feel them and know they are safe.”可知，她收养了四只小狗。raised意为“养育，抚养”。结合选项，选项C中的“raise”也是“养育”的意思。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“However, even if the dogs pass all tests, they could still be turned down if they don’t enjoy the role of a guide dog”可知，导盲犬需要喜欢自己的角色。故选A。 164．细节理解题。根据“Those who are turned down or are too old are usually taken in as pets by their trainers, those who raised them, or volunteers.”可知，年老的导盲犬通常会成为宠物。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了导盲犬的训练和服务，以及它们如何帮助视力受损的人。选项A“Guiding the way”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。 （一） ①Have you ever talked to a smartphone or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like Baidu? Well, the ChatGPT is a kind of thing like that, but it’s even smarter. ②ChatGPT is a cool computer program that can answer many questions and can have conversations with you. It can understand what you are saying and respond (反应) in a way. It was released (发布) by Open Al in November 2022. They used a lot of information from books, websites and even movies to teach ChatGPT to talk to people. ③Now the ChatGPT is ready to talk to you. You can ask it anything you want to know like what’s the capital of France or what’s the biggest animal in the world. But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke. ▲ ④ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but it’s also a great tool to help you learn new things. Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are increasing your knowledge. Maybe you will discover a new hobby or find an answer to a question that has been bothering (困扰) you for a while. But most importantly, using ChatGPT can be a lot of fun. It’s like having a new friend who is always there to chat with you and answer your questions. ⑤However, ChatGPT isn’t perfect. It cannot take the place of face-to-face communication. Some people will use it to cheat, so we should use it correctly. 1．The writer introduces the topic of ChatGPT by ________. A．asking a question B．showing differences C．listing facts D．giving an example 2．Which of the following is the best for “_______”? A．It is quite a natural speaking machine. B．You can learn something new with ChatGPT. C．It can make you laugh when you are sad. D．It makes a breakthrough in language understanding. 3．The underlined word “increasing” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A．controlling B．sharing C．breaking D．adding 4．According to passage, which of the following is true? A．ChatGPT was released by Open AI in December 2022. B．ChatGPT is just a searching machine. C．ChatGPT is very creative and can do many things. D．ChatGPT took the place of face-to-face communication. 5．The structure (结构) of this passage is ________. (① = Paragraph 1) A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．B 【来源】内蒙古呼和浩特市2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试题 【导语】本文主要介绍了一款名为ChatGPT的聊天机器人。 1．推理判断题。根据“Have you ever talked to a smartph one or something that helps to find information or complete tasks just like Baidu?”可知，作者通过问问题的方式引出主题。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据“But ChatGPT is more than just a searching machine. It can also have real conversations with you. You can ask it how it’s feeling or tell it a joke.”可知，此处在说明它可以理解你问的问题，甚至可以理解你的笑话，D选项“它在语言理解上取得了突破”符合语境。故选D。 3．词义猜测题。根据“ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but it’s also a great tool to help you learn new things. Every time you ask the ChatGPT a question, you are increasing your knowledge.”可知，ChatGPT可以帮助增加知识，所以increasing含义为“增加”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“ChatGPT is a cool computer program that can answer many questions and can have conversations with you.”以及“ChatGPT is not just a fun program to talk to but it’s also a great tool to help you learn new things.”可推知，ChatGPT很有创意，可以做很多事情。故选C。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出ChatGPT；第二到四段具体介绍ChatGPT；第五段讲ChatGPT的局限性。故选B。 （二） How could a type of flower become so dangerous? Watch out! A type of flower is spreading in China. It is called Canadian Goldenrod (加拿大一枝黄花), a beautiful native plant in North America. It’s a bright yellow flower. It’s good to the greater food chain. Some people like it a lot. But it is also one of the most aggressive (侵略性) plants on the planet. It spreads very fast. It hurts our environment. Now the flower is spreading fast in many places in China and other countries. We can see it in many places in China. It’s believed that the flower first came to China in 1935 just as an ornamental (观赏) plant. In the 1980s, it started to spread to many places. In 2010, China named it as an alien invasive species (外来入侵物种). As an invasive species, there are few plants and animals to stop it. So, it spreads very fast and causes other plants around it to die. So some Chinese people call it “the flower of the devil (恶魔)”. It is now mostly spreading in Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan and Zhejiang provinces. If you happen to see this flower on the street, please call 12345 to report it. Then, some workers will come to kill it. Let’s look after our environment together! Go away, evil flower! 根据材料内容, 选择最佳答案。 1．From Paragraph 1, we know that the Canada goldenrod is ________. A．the national flower of Canada B．beautiful with a bright yellow color C．hurting Canada’s environment D．spreading from China to North America 2．When did the flower first come to China? A．In 1935. B．In the 1980s. C．In 2010. D．Last year. 3．What might the word “causes” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．helps something grow B．looks after something C．makes something happen D．makes something beautiful 4．Why is the flower called “the flower of the devil” in China? A．Because it can eat other plants. B．Because it hurts China’s environment. C．Because it grows only in a few provinces. D．Because it can even grow on the street. 5．The writer wrote this passage to tell us that ________. A．many flowers in China come from other countries B．the Canadian Goldenrod is good for our environment C．it is not easy to grow plants in some provinces D．we should stop the spread of the Canada goldenrod in China 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 【来源】河南省舞钢市2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末调研英语试题 【导语】本文主要介绍了加拿大一枝黄花在中国的入侵情况及其危害。 1．细节理解题。根据“It is called Canadian Goldenrod (加拿大一枝黄花)… a bright yellow flower”可知，加拿大一枝黄花是一种亮黄色的美丽花朵。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“the flower first came to China in 1935”可知，这种花于1935年首次传入中国。故选A。 3．词义猜测题。根据“causes other plants around it to die”可知，这种花会导致周围植物死亡，因此causes意为 “导致某事发生”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“it spreads very fast and causes other plants to die”及“the flower of the devil (恶魔)”的称呼可知，它因破坏中国生态环境而得名。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“If you happen to see this flower on the street, please call 12345 to report it.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们阻止加拿大一枝黄花在中国的扩散。故选D。 （三） What would you like for lunch? Maybe, a battery (电池)? Although it sounds unusual, this has already been realized by scientists as they develop electronic (电子的) things you can eat. Robofood, led by Dario Floreano from a Swiss Institute, has created a new drone (无人机) with scientists from Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Half of the parts inside can be eaten! The program aims to (旨在) make robots that can be eaten and foods that act like robots by mixing food science and robots in a new way. The drone’s wings are made from rice cakes glued together with oil and chocolate. It can find missing people or animals in emergencies (紧急情况) and send food or medicine. Parts of the drone can be eaten because they meet food safety standards for emergencies set by the United Nations. However, the main challenge is finding stronger edible (可食用的) materials for the drone’s wings to prepare for bad weather and high temperatures—of course, the chocolate may melt (融化) easily. Robofood also developed an edible sensor (感应器) to help monitor stomach sickness, and it’s eaten by the patient to check the conditions inside. It’s different from other sensors because it’s easy for your body to digest (消化), so it won’t leave any remains inside the body. The invention of Robofood also helps with environmental protection. There are batteries that you can fully eat. They are made from natural things like vitamin B2 and elements found in fruits. This helps the environment because you won’t have to throw them away like other batteries. 1．What is Robofood’s main goal? A．To develop smart drones. B．To create edible electronics. C．To help check stomach disease. D．To put sensors on drones. 2．What problem does Robofood’s drone have? A．The drone can easily break during flying. B．The drone cannot take off in bad weather. C．The materials are not strong enough. D．The materials cannot easily melt. 3．Compared to other sensors for checking the stomach, what can Robofood’s sensors do? A．They can be safer for human body. B．They can check more carefully. C．They can stay in the human body longer. D．They can be taken as medicine. 4．Why is Robofood’s battery good for nature? A．It uses less power. B．It cuts down pollution. C．It uses solar power. D．It is made from food waste. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【来源】江苏省沭阳县怀文中学2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试卷 【导语】本文主要介绍了Robofood团队研发可食用电子设备的创新成果，包括可食用无人机、传感器及电池，并阐述其功能、挑战和环保意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The program aims to make robots that can be eaten and foods that act like robots by mixing food science and robots in a new way.”可知，Robofood的核心目标是创造可食用的电子设备。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“the main challenge is finding stronger edible materials for the drone’s wings to prepare for bad weather and high temperatures”可知，无人机的主要问题是材料强度不足，无法应对恶劣天气。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“It’s different from other sensors because it’s easy for your body to digest, so it won’t leave any remains inside the body.”可知，Robofood的传感器易被人体消化，无残留，因此对人体更安全。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This helps the environment because you won’t have to throw them away like other batteries.”可知，可食用电池无需丢弃，减少了传统电池造成的污染。故选B。 （四） In the past few years, a video of young Chinese doing Baduanjin has been played for more than 10 million times on Bilibili. No one could have expected that Baduanjin has become so popular among Chinese young people. Baduanjin, also called “eight-section brocade (锦缎)”, is a kind of slow-moving qigong created over 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty (960-1276). It shows how the eight movements make the human body as fluid as silk. The health of the body is achieved during exercise. It has many benefits (益处). By practicing Baduanjin, you can expect to improve your health, strengthen your spirit and live longer. “I have been doing Baduanjin for about four months and I am thankful for Baduanjin since it gives me a much healthier lifestyle,” a young man said. Unlike more physically demanding (体力需求) sports such as the ball games, Baduanjin is slow and usually done with soothing music, so it used to be seen as the sport for the elders. In fact, it’s perfect for office workers because they often have pains in back and neck due to sitting in front of the computer for hours. But not all people are fit for practicing Baduanjin. People who fall easily should not take up this exercise and people should always put safety first when doing Baduanjin. 1．According to Paragraph 1, it’s ________ that Baduanjin becomes so popular among Chinese young people. A．unfair B．silly C．unbelievable D．simple 2．The writer mainly talks about ________ in Paragraph 3. A．the steps of Baduanjin B．the benefits of Baduanjin C．the development of Baduanjin D．the history of Baduanjin 3．What does the underlined word “soothing” mean? A．Exciting. B．Boring. C．Touching. D．Calming. 4．Baduanjin is not fit for ________. A．a woman living in a small room B．a man busy with work C．an office worker with a sore back D．an old man who falls easily 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【来源】江苏省沭阳县怀文中学2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试卷 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在很受年轻人欢迎的八段锦，以及八段锦的历史、好处和适用人群。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“No one could have expected that Baduanjin has become so popular among Chinese young people.”可知，没有人料到八段锦在年轻人中如此受欢迎，所以C项符合。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The health of the body is achieved during exercise. It has many benefits (益处).”可知，本段主要介绍八段锦的益处。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Baduanjin is slow and usually done with soothing music, so it used to be seen as the sport for the elders”可知，八段锦动作缓慢，通常伴随着舒缓的音乐，所以它过去被视为老年人的运动，所以划线部分的含义是“舒缓的”。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“People who fall easily should not take up this exercise and people should always put safety first when doing Baduanjin.”可知，并不是所有人都适合八段锦，容易摔倒的人不能从事该项运动。故选D。 （五） Humans got interested in the space thousands of years ago. Since the earliest times, people have looked up at the stars, the moon and the planets. They wondered about more facts of the universe. At that time, people could only use their eyes to observe (观测) the universe. But today, people have modern machines to look at the sky. They can see farther and know more about the space. This is very different from the past. When did humans first go into space? The story began not so very long ago. But you may be surprised that the first astronauts actually were not people — they were animals. Scientists wanted to make travelling to space safe for humans, so they decided to experiment with animals and test in spaceflights (宇宙飞行). Insects, mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of the animals to go into space. Many of them died but they had done a lot for humans. They helped to make space travel safer for humans. For their great service, we shouldn’t forget these animals. We should be thankful for their contribution. Albert I was the first monkey to go into space in 1949. Sadly, he died after his spaceship landed back on the earth. Luckily, the result was different for Ham the Monkey. His story ended happily when he returned to the earth in very good health. 1．How did people observe the universe in the past? A．They used modern machines. B．They did it by their imagination. C．They used some animals. D．They only used their eyes. 2．We can know from the text that ________. A．animals went into space earlier than humans B．the animals all died after they returned to the earth C．Ham was the first monkey to go into space in 1949 D．birds and cats also went into space 3．What does the underlined word “contribution” mean in Chinese? A．数据 B．研究 C．贡献 D．实验 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．The Amazing Universe B．The First Astronauts C．The Brave Human Astronauts D．The Danger of Universe 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【来源】陕西省渭南市华州区2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末考试英语试卷 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类早期太空探索中动物（如猴子、狗等）作为“首批宇航员”的贡献，阐述它们如何通过实验帮助科学家确保人类太空旅行的安全性，并呼吁铭记这些动物的牺牲。 1．细节理解题。根据“At that time, people could only use their eyes to observe the universe.”可知，过去人类仅用肉眼观测宇宙，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“the first astronauts actually were not people — they were animals”可知，动物比人类更早进入太空，故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“They helped to make space travel safer for humans... We should be thankful for their contribution.”可知，contribution指动物为人类太空探索做出的“贡献”，故选C。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕动物作为首批“宇航员”在太空探索中的角色展开，强调它们的牺牲与贡献，选项B“第一批宇航员”符合，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$