Welcome unit Discovering Useful Structures 句子成分课件-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

句子成分 Sentence Constituent You saw my lovely daughter Christina playing the zither outdoors . ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 宾 补 ↓ 状 语 句子成分的分类： 从句法功能的角度讲，句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。 主要成分有_________和 _________,________； 次要成分有_________ 、________ 、________、和 ________ 、__________ 定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 主语（S） 谓语(V) 宾语(O) 表语(P) 定语(Attri) 状语(A) 宾补(OC) 同位语(App) 一、主语 句子主要成分：主语/谓语/宾语 一、主语 请找出下列句子的主语。 1. The boy comes from America. 2. He usually goes to school alone. 3. Studying English is very important. 4.The rich should help the poor. 概念：句子所说的是什么人或什么事； 一般由名词或代词或相当于名词 或代词的词,短语或句子充当。 语境呈现： 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. 5. That he won the prize excited everyone. 6. It is important for us to have our dreams. 7. It is obvious that he was wrong. 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 自主归纳： 句首 位置：1)常位于____________________ 2)常用_______作形式主语放__________, 而把___________,___________,________放_________ it 句首 不定式短语 现在分词短语 从句 句末 概念：说明主语的_______(即主语做了什么事)、 _______或_______。 二、谓语 1.His parents are teachers. 2.I felt cold. 3.Tom saw Lucy just now. 4.He can speak English. 5.I don’t like this book. 语境呈现: 请找出下列句子的谓语 词性：通常由____________构成。 种类：动词包括：________;_________;________;_______ 状态 特征 动作 动词 实义动词 系动词 情态动词 助动词 注意:谓语在人称和数方面必须和主语一致 4.The sun rises in the east. 5.He has finished reading the book. 6. You ought to work harder. 7.I am anxious. 8.I don’t like apples. 9.There are some bottles of milk in the box. 自主归纳: 构成：___________________, ____________ _______________________, _______________________ 位置：________________________________ 除__________之外 倒装句 谓语总是位于主语的后面, 即“主语→谓语 ②助动词+动词的适当形式 ③情态动词+动词的原形 ①实义动词或短语动词 ④系动词 I have learned English for 6 years. 【注意】谓语要体现出句子的时态、语态和主谓一致。 练习：请圈出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成 ①实义动词、动词短语②系动词、 ③情态动词+动词的原形、④助动词+动词的适当形式。 1.I have learned English for 6 years. 2. He doesn’t like music. 3.He looked after two boys. 4.The young should respect the old. 5.Smoking is bad for health. ④（助+适当V） ④助+适当V） ①(实V) ③（情+V） ②(系V) 概念：是动词/行为的____________。 一般由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词,短语或句子充当。 语境呈现：请找出下列句子的宾语。 1.He likes to play basketball. 2.We are fond of listening to music. 3.She said that she felt sick. 三、宾语 动作对象 自主归纳：位置：一般都在①__________之后;称为______ ② ______之后;称为__________ ③当句子的宾语为____________,_______,或____________时, 常用形式宾语________, 以保持句子的平衡 结构：________________ 种类：___________和____________ 4.We consider it no good getting up late. 5. They believed it strange that he should have done that. 6. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. 7. He gave me some books. 及物动词 动宾 介词 介宾 从句 不定式短语 现在分词短语 it 主语→谓语→宾语 间宾（sb.） 直宾(sth.) My aunt gave me a toy car. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ He bought his mother a gift. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ =My aunt gave a toy car to me. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ =He bought a gift for his mother. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等， For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order（预定）,save等， 归纳总结: 宾语的种类:直接宾语(sth.) 间接宾语(sb.) 主 谓 间宾 直宾 主 谓 直宾 间宾 主 谓 间宾 直宾 主 谓 直宾 间宾 sth.to sb. sth. for sb. 句子次要成分: 表/ 定/ 状/ 补/同位语 概念:主要表述主语的_____,______,______等 位置:位于____________后面 一、表语 1.My wallet is on the desk. 2.My suggestion is that we should start at once. 3.The whole class got excited at the good news. 4.The leaves turn yellow in fall. 系动词 特征 状态 身份 **系动词分类记忆口诀： 一个be: ________________________________ 两个似乎：_________, _________ 三个保持：_________, _________, ___________ 四个变化:_________,____,______, __________ 五个感官:______,______,________,________,________ am/is/are/was/were seem appear keep stay remain become get turn fall(进入,陷入某种状态) look feel smell taste sound 语境呈现：请找出下列句子的宾语 二、定语 概念:用来修饰_____或____，起______作用。 1.The beautiful city attracts many tourists. 2.The wallet on the desk is mine. 3.That building being repaired is our library. 4. He is the student that has been late. 语境呈现：请找出下列句子的定语 自主归纳： 名词 代词 限定 1.翻译:__________ 2.位置：前置定语:放所修饰词之_____;常为_________ 后置定语:所修饰词之______; 常为_________;__________或________________ 前 短语 定语从句 修饰复合不定代词 (如something)时） 后 单个词 “...的” 三、宾补 概念:在____后面补充说明宾语的_____、____、_____ 的成分 1.They elected John monitor. 2. We heard her singing a song. 3. They found the man honest. 4.He watched an insect caught by a bird. 5.I find it impossible to believe her any longer. 宾语 动作 状态 特征 辨析：找出下列句子的属于双宾还是宾补。 1.I made him a cake. 2.We found the old lady in good health. 3.I think the job a great honor. 4.He told me to make my own decision. 5.I gave him an apple. 自主归纳：区别：加 be法：位于动词之后的两成分之间用be 连接,看句意是否完整；完整为---宾补；不完整为---双宾 双宾 宾补 宾补 宾补 双宾 四、状语 概念:用于修饰_____、______ 、_____或__________的一种成分 1.He did his homework carefullyat home. 2.His book is more interesting than his sister’s.　 3.He walked very fast although he was tired. 4.Luckily,he finished the work in time. 5.In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder. 6.He got up so late that I missed the train. 7.He was late because he got up late. 8.She arrived with a flower in her hand. 9.If it is going to rain tomorrow,he will go to school by bus. 动词 形容词 副词 整个句子 自主归纳: 状语的分类：_____、_____、_____、_____、______、 ______、______、_____、______、______、______ 时间 地点 方式 原因 结果 目的 条件 让步 程度 比较 伴随　 程度;地点 比较 让步 条件;方式 目的;程度 结果 原因 伴随 时间 1.Covid-19,a new viral disease,has spread around the world since 2019. 2.Mrs Huang is strict with us students. 五、同位语 名词 同位语 同位语 解释或补充说明 或代词 概念：同位语一般位于作主语或宾语,表语的名词或代词之后， 对名词、代词的内容、身份等起进一步的解释,说明作用，中间通常用逗号隔开。 My Love Story My husband David is a very romantic man. July 13, our wedding anniversary, is a special day for us. He himself made a big cake to show his love to me. We two spent a pleasant day together. He made a promise that he would love me forever. 名词 名词短语 代词 数词 句子 归纳：用作同位语的成分一般有：名词；名词短语；代词；数词；句子 练习：找出下列句子的同位语并写出由什么充当同位语。 1.We teacher should care more for our students. 2.Beijing, a beautiful city, attracts plenty of tourists every year. 3.You’d better ask the patient herself about her trouble. 4.I don’t know them all. 5.We three are going on a picnic together next week. 6.They expressed their hope that they would come to visit China again. 7.He told us students to clean the classroom. 名词 名词短语 代词 代词 数词 句子 名词 指出下列句中划线部分是什么句子成分. 1.He managed to finish the work in time. 2.He noticied a man enter the room. 3.He waited in order to see the result of the game. 4.Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 5.The old man was very tired. 6.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term 7.He himself will do the experiment. 宾语 宾补 状语 宾语 表语 同位语 同位语 Practice makes perfect 主语:位置:1)位于______ 2)常用_______作形主,而把doing,to do,句子放____ 谓语:通常由_______充当;位于______之后; 构成：_______, ________________ , ______________, __________ 宾语：位置：一般都在①__________之后;称为______ ② ______之后;称为__________ ③_____作形式宾语,真宾doing,to do,句子放句末 结构：________________ 种类：___________和____________ 表语: 位置:位于____________后面,常见为_____ 句首 it 句末 V 主语 实义V 助动词+适当形式 情态V+V(原) 系V Vt(及物) 动宾 介词 介宾 主+谓+宾 间宾(sb.) 直宾(sth.) it 系动词 be(是) 总结归纳: 定语:1.相当于________ 2.种类：前置定语 :_______ 后置定语:_________ 宾补:结构: _____________________:起补充说明作用 状语:相当于____ 修饰______;______;_____;__________ 种类:时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、 目的、条件、 让步、程度、比较、伴随 同位语:位于 _____;______ 之后,对其进行解释说明 构成:_____;________;_________;_____;_____ adv. adj. adv. v. 整个句子 名词 代词 adj. adj.(单个)+n. n.+adj.(多个) v+sb./sth.(宾语)+宾补 名词 名词短语 数词 代词 句子 插入语（Parenthesis） 概念： 对一句话做一些附加的解释，说明或总结； 具体特征为： 1.它的位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末； 2.一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开；有时也不用逗号隔开。 3.通常与句中其它部分没有直接语法上的联系，将它删掉之后, 句子结构仍然完整。 注意:插入语属于独立成分的范畴，是指插在句子中的一个词、一个 短语或一个句子。 1.When he got to campus，he found，however, that his knowledge was too limited. 可是到了大学之后，他发现他的知识太有限了。　 2.You know that I think you are wrong.我认为，你明白你错了。 3.To own a computer in families, which we thought was impossible twenty years ago, now becomes true. 4.It will result in success,I suppose. 5.David Lee, for example, appeared at political events. 6.Generally speaking，the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.　 7.To tell you the truth，I’m not so interested in the boy of the mainland.　 1.When he got to campus，he found，however, that his knowledge was too limited. 可是到了大学之后，他发现他的知识太有限了。　 2.You know that I think you are wrong.我认为，你明白你错了。 3.To own a computer in families, which we thought was impossible twenty years ago, now becomes true. 4.It will result in success,I suppose. 5.David Lee, for example, appeared at political events. 6.Generally speaking，the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.　 7.To tell you the truth，I’m not so interested in the boy of the mainland.　 题中的插入语一般有几种常用的形式 ① 主谓结构，表示“某人说，某人认为……” I believe，I think，I know，I suppose，I hope等 ② 副词(短语) otherwise(否则;不然);however;besides;or rather(更确切地说); that is to say (那就是说) ③ 介词短语:in fact;in one’s opinion，in general，in a word; for example; to one’s surprise等 ④不定式:to be honest ；to tell the truth, to be frank , to be sure， to start with , to begin with， to sum up, ⑤分词:judging by /from(通过......判断); talking/speaking of(谈到); seeing that(鉴于);given(考虑到); supposing( that)(假定); assuming( that)(假定); strictly speaking严格地说); generally speaking(一般来说),considering考虑到 等 插入语种类 语法讲解5：同位语和插入语的区别 同位语和插入语放在句子中间时很像，都是后插进来的补充成分，唯一的区别在于同位语与前面的名词有关系，它们说的是同一个人或同一件事；而插入语与左右两边的内容都没有直接关系。 简单句 语法讲解5：同位语和插入语的区别 Tony, my teacher, is coming here. my teacher是同位语，解释说明Tony是谁，Tony与my teacher说的是同一个人。 Tony, with his students, is coming here. with his students是插入语,补充说明Tony和谁一起来。Tony与with his students不是同一个人。 1.When he got to campus,he found,however, that his knowledge was too limited. 可是到了大学之后，他发现他的知识太有限了。　 2.You know that I think you are wrong.我认为，你明白你错了。 3.To own a computer in families, which we thought was impossible twenty years ago, now becomes true. 4.It will result in success,I suppose. 5.David Lee, for example, appeared at political events. 6.Generally speaking，the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.　 7.To tell you the truth，I’m not so interested in the boy of the mainland.　 同位语一般位于作主语或宾语的名词或代词之后， 对名词、代词的内容、身份等起进一步的解释,说明作用。 用作同位语的成分一般有： ①名词或名词词组作同位语 1) ____________(我们老师) should care more for our students. 2)Mr. Bob, ____________________(我们的英语老师), is not only strict in his work but also strict with ____________(我们这些学生). 3)Beijing, _________________(一个漂亮的城市), attracts plenty of tourists every year. 五、同位语 We teacher our English teacher us students a beautiful city ②、代词作同位语 1._________(我自己) have fully realized how important it is to learn English well. 2.你最好询问病人本人关于她的病情。 You’d better ask___________________ about her trouble. 3.__________(我们每个人) know our own strengths and weaknesses. 4.I don’t know_________(他们所有的人). I only know a few of them. ③、基数词作同位语 1.__________(我们三人) are going on a picnic together next week. ④、从句作同位语 1.他们表达了他们的希望，将再来中国访问。 They expressed their hope______________________ to visit China again. I myself the patient herself We each that they would come them all (反身代词;不定代词all,both,each) We three 注意:有时伴有一些标志性的标点符号， 如：逗号，破折号，冒号。 We young people should respect the old. 2.He himself will do the experiment. 五、同位语 概念:位于名词_______或______代词后面，对句子中的某一成分作 进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分。 1.Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 2. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 3.Zhong Nanshan, one of the greatest doctors in China, was born in Guangzhou in 1941. 4.He himself will do the experiment. 5.We young people should respect the old. 6.He told us students to clean the classroom. 自主归纳: 常常伴随着一些标志性的标点符号， 如：逗号，破折号，冒号。这也可以作为判断同位语的标志 We young people should respect the old. 2.He himself will do the experiment. 五、同位语 概念:位于名词_______或______代词后面，对句子中的某一成分作 进一步解释、说明,与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分。 1.Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 2. Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's. 3.Zhong Nanshan, one of the greatest doctors in China, was born in Guangzhou in 1941. 4.He himself will do the experiment. 5.We young people should respect the old. 6.He told us students to clean the classroom. 自主归纳: 常常伴随着一些标志性的标点符号， 如：逗号，破折号，冒号。这也可以作为判断同位语的标志 You saw my lovely daughter Christina playing the zither outdoors . ↓ 主语 ↓ 谓 语 ↓ 定语 ↓ 宾 语 ↓ 同位语 ↓ 宾 补 中英文语序差异 英语：孔雀型—尾重 要求把字数较多或语法结构较复杂的句子、成分至于句末。 ↓ 状 语 谢谢欣赏 夏野与暗恋 闫东炜 【New Age轻音乐】小清新与小情绪-II, track 1, disc 1 164396.8 XXX - 163 key(Don't modify):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 $$