精品解析：广东省深圳市龙岗区平冈中2024-2025学年高一下学期期中英语试题

平冈中学2024-2025学年第二学期期中考试 高一年级 英语试题 考试时间：8点10分—10点10分 第一部分 基础知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. With enough practice, anyone can become ________ of playing the piano, even without natural talent. A. capable B. cautious C. curious D. concerned 2. The invention of the internet had a ______ impact on how people communicate around the world. A. slight B. significant C. temporary D. negative 3. Before starting the experiment, the students carefully reviewed the safety ______ to avoid any accidents. A. procedure B. result C. material D. solution 4. Due to his ________ visits to the library, Tom became very familiar with all the staff there. A sudden B. rare C. frequent D. brief 5. The ______ of the project increased as more tasks were added, making it harder to finish on time. A. simplicity B. productivity C. flexibility D. complexity 6. We are still waiting for the ______ of our reservation before we can make the final travel plans. A. registration B. confirmation C. rejection D. treatment 7. The advertisement was so ________ that many people decided to buy the product right away. A. exhausting B. appealing C. confusing D. disappointing 8. The ______ of the English festival was the poetry reading, where students showcased their speaking abilities. A background B. highlight C. beginning D. rehearsal 9. Wow, ______ that car! I’ve never seen anything like it before! A. get rid of B. get a load of C. get in touch with D. get away with 10. Feeling stressed after a long week of work, Jason decided to go hiking in the mountains to ______. A. break into a smile B. pull one’s weight C. loose lips sink ships D. let off steam 11. During the heated debate in the class meeting about how to improve the efficiency of group study, several practical suggestions finally ______, which really inspired all the students present. A. come about B. come over C. come up D. come across 12. The old building, ______ was recently restored, now serves as a museum. A. that B. whom C. which D. who 13. The book ______ I bought yesterday, which was highly recommended by my friends, is very interesting and informative. A. that B. what C. whose D. who 14. It was her dedication to helping others ______ impressed everyone at the event. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 15. Hardly ______ any progress on the project before the deadline. A. did they make B. they did make C. made they D. they made 16. The professor ______ the lecture on climate change will be speaking at the international conference next week. A. gave B. giving C. given D. gives 17. ______ all the assignments on time, she was able to take a week off and go on vacation. A. Finishing B. To finish C. Finished D. Having finished 18. The final decision ______ by the committee members and will be announced tomorrow. A has been made B. has made C. have been made D. have made 19. The new policy ______ carefully by the management team at the moment, and its final version will be shared next week. A. is being discussed B. is discussing C. is discussed D. is being discuss 名著阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 请在方框中选择合适的选项，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。 注意：1，每个选项只能使用一次；2.方框中有一个多余选项。 A. clubbed B. questioning C. smiling thinly D. bet E. card F. robbery G. caught a brief glimpse of H. journey I. even J. safe K. taken leave of A tall man in a top hat with bushy whiskers entered the Bank of England. After tricking a clerk to leave the attacker soundly ____20____ the cashier who had barely ____21____ him. This incredibly straightforward ____22____ alarmed all London. But the criminal vanished with all the money as if a grain of sand was swallowed by the sea. Meanwhile at the Reform Club, Flanagan slapped down a ____23____ while remarking that was “absolutely stunning.” Phileas Fogg disagreed, ____24____ in response. When Stuarts insisted detectives would catch the robber, Fogg calmly said that the thief had already escaped and suggested he could reach Paris, Egypt, or even circle the globe in eighty days using modern transport. Flanagan laughed, challenging Fogg to attempt the ____25____ himself for £1,000. Fogg unfolded the possibilities mentally before raising the wager to £20,000 so that when he won, he would at least be ____26____. A sudden silence fell as Sullivan doubted whether Fogg had ____27____ his senses. Flushing pink, Flanagan accepted the ____28____. Fogg stood up, announcing he would return precisely eighty days later. With his top hat secured, he disappeared into the October night, leaving the men ____29____ his mental state. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A John Dewey Birthplace: Burlington, Vermont, United States A faithful advocate of progressive education and liberalism, the American philosopher was the founder of the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. John Dewey’s famous writings included The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology and Human Nature and Conduct. According to him, passion for knowledge and intellectual curiosity were central to a teacher. Savitribai Phule Birthplace: Naigaon, India Savitribai Phule was a revolutionary social reformer who devoted her life to educating girls and bringing about gender (性别) equality in the face of resistance from the conservative Indian society. Phule, who was illiterate (文盲的) until her marriage, went on to become a teacher, an achievement accomplished first by an Indian woman. With her husband, she founded schools for girls in Maharashtra. Maria Montessori Birthplace: Chiaravalle, Italy Maria Montessori was an Italian educator and physician best known for developing the Montessori method of education, a student-friendly method, which is being used in several public and private schools around the world. In 2020, she was nominated (提名) by Time magazine as one of their Top 100 Women of the Year. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Birthplace: Geneva Switzerland Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, composer, and writer. His political philosophy influenced aspects of the French Revolution. He also helped develop modern economic, political, and educational thought. His writing inspired a complete change in French drama and poetry. His works also influenced such writers around the world as Tolstoy. 30. Who set up the University of Chieage Laboratory Schools? A. Savitribai Phule. B. John Dewey. C. Maria Montessori. D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 31. What do we know about Jean-Jacques Rousseau? A. He founded schools for girls in Maharashtra. B. He emphasized teachers’ passion and curiosity. C. He developed a student-friendly teaching method. D. He had a great impact on French drama and poetry. 32. What do the four figures mentioned have in common? A. They were all influential in education. B. They all fought for gender equality in schools. C. They were all nominated as Top 100 Teachers of the Year. D. They all helped develop political and educational thought. B More than 20 years ago, Yung-Chi Cheng, a Yale professor in drug development for cancer, had a pioneering idea: what if he could unlock the potential of ancient Chinese medicines for treating cancer? What if he could design botanical drugs that would make traditional cancer treatments work better? No one had done it before. Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too complicated and too risky. But Cheng didn’t let the idea go. Now, in a landmark moment in cancer research, Cheng and research partners are launching the first international clinical trial for a botanical drug, YIV-906. Shwu-Hucy Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs. She returned with Huang Qin Tang, a 1,800-year-old treatment for stomach illnesses, based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice. What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates. All they need now are larger data sets. When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾) treatment developed from the Chinese herb qinghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou. It has been a long journey, but if Cheng and his team are successful, it could create a new approach to treating cancer. They called the new approach “WE” medicine, a combination of Western medicine and Eastern medicine. “It’s a totally new model. I’ve met with a lot of doubt, but think the results will speak for themselves,” Cheng said. 33. What did fellow researchers initially think of Cheng’s research? A. Creative. B. Comprehensive. C. Conventional. D. Challenging. 34. Why did Liu refer to ancient Chinese texts? A. She wanted to question ancient treatment methods. B. She desired to find inspiration for treating diseases. C. She tried to document the history of Chinese herbs. D. She determined to find a cure for stomach illnesses. 35. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of the drug testing. B. The application of YIV-906. C. Effects of the clinical trial. D. The effectiveness of YIV-906. 36. Why does the author mention Chinese herb qinghao? A. To illustrate the value of botanical drugs. B. To advocate the adoption of “WE” medicine. C. To praise Tu’s contributions to drug development. D. To highlight its success in medicine development. C Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle through, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless, it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.” This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 37. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C. Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 38. What did Lingchong You find in his study? A. How sponges are exactly structured. B. What encourages bacterial growth. C. How bacteria react to the environment. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other. 39. What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A. Relatively harmless. B. Poorly adaptive, C. Surprisingly unpleasant. D. Widely distributed. 40. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A. Proofs of bacterial threat. B. The classification of bacteria. C. Methods to control bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria. D Imagine an artificial intelligence model that can watch and understand moving images like you and me. Now, scientists have made this a reality by creating MovieNet: an innovative AI that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes. This brain-inspired AI model can perceive moving scenes by simulating how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world. While conventional AI excels at still image recognition, MovieNet is designed to understand complex, dynamic scenes, allowing it to recognize small changes over time. To create MovieNet, Hollis Cline, senior author of the study, examined how animals’ brains process real-world scenes. Specifically, he studied how tadpoles’ (蝌蚪的) neurons respond to moving stimuli. Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces: each piece alone may not make sense, but together they form a complete image in motion. Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene. Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes. In testing, MovieNet achieved 82.3% accuracy, outperforming trained human observers by 18% and doing much better than existing AI models. Beyond its higher accuracy, MovieNet is more environment-friendly. Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact. “We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline. MovieNet could also transform medicine. It might help detect early signs of diseases by tracking small movement changes that are difficult for human eyes to detect. Looking ahead, the team plans to improve MovieNet’s ability to adapt to different environments and enhance its potential applications. “By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体), we can achieve efficiency levels that aren't possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.” 41. What does the underlined word “simulating” mean in paragraph 2? A. Copying. B. Inspiring. C. Demonstrating. D. Recognizing. 42. MovieNet is trained ________. A. to integrate dynamic images B. to increase visual inputs C. to feed on information pieces D. to look into tadpoles’ neurons 43. According to paragraph 5, what is an advantage of MovieNet? A. Its powerful data storage. B. Its low energy consumption. C. Its control of medical diseases. D. Its improvement on drug effects. 44. What can be concluded from Cline’s words in the last paragraph? A. Biology brings us financial profits. B. Living organisms can outperform AI. C. AI can assist in biological development. D. Drawing inspiration from biology is promising. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Avoid Internet Addiction Internet addiction is a common problem that can be just as damaging as any other form of addiction. Maybe you are concerned that you are too dependent on the Internet and feel very upset. ___45___ Reach out to friends and family to build more in-person connections If you desire social interaction, call up a friend and make plans to do something fun. ___46___ If you don’t have friends or family who you can turn to, look into a special interest group you can join. Attend in-person meetings to connect with other people who share your interests and make new friends. ___47___. Exercising, reading a book, writing, studying and doing crossword puzzles are all better alternatives to mindlessly surfing the Internet. If you want to cut back on how often you are using the Internet but aren’t sure what to do with the extra time, identify a few activities that you enjoy and pick one to do instead when you’re feeling the urge to go online. Use relaxation techniques to reduce stress and anxiety. Yoga, meditation, muscle relaxation, and deep breathing are all great ways to relax when you’re feeling stressed. ___48___ Instead, try going out for a walk in nature or engaging in a favorite hobby. Watch for signs of Internet addiction and seek help if you notice them. If you are concerned about becoming addicted to the Internet, staying aware of the signs of Internet addiction may help you know when to seek help. Be on the lookout for any signs that you may have become addicted. ___49___ If this strategy to overcome Internet addiction doesn’t work for you, talk with your doctor for help. A. Act right away to limit your Internet usage. B. Replace Internet use with a-healthy activity. C. Arrange a family dinner or a game night also helps. D. Employ your extra time to do something worthwhile. E. Following are several strategies to limit your Internet usage. F. You are likely to think that the Internet addiction will ruin your life. G. You should not reach for your smart phone or laptop when you are feeling pressured. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I’ve always been terrified of heights. The thought of being up high made my heart ___50___ and my hands sweat. But one summer, my friends and I decided to try rock climbing, and I chose to face my ___51___. We arrived at the climbing gym, and the ___52___ walls above us seemed like a huge challenge. When my friends eagerly put on their climbing belts and started practicing on the lower routes, I ___53___. I watched them with a mix of admiration and ___54___. I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me. When it was my ___55___, I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt. The first few feet were manageable, but as I climbed higher, my fear ___56___. My hands shook, and I grasped the holds ___57___. “You’re doing great!” my friends ___58___ from below, but I could barely hear them for the thundering of my own heart. I looked down and immediately _____59_____ it, as the ground seemed so far away. I _____60_____, trying to steady my breathing. I knew I had two choices: give up or keep going. I chose the latter. Slowly, I _____61_____ upward. The higher I climbed, the more my confidence grew. When I finally reached the top, I couldn’t _____62_____ the smile on my face and felt a sense of _____63_____. That day, I learned that sometimes, the hardest part of overcoming a fear is taking the first _____64_____. 50. A. break B. fly C. sing D. race 51. A. danger B. fear C. duty D. future 52. A. dividing B. bearing C. towering D. enclosing 53. A. complained B. hesitated C. agreed D. failed 54. A. anxiety B. sympathy C. gratitude D. desire 55. A. choice B. favorite C. turn D. way 56. A. faded away B. moved on C. held back D. built up 57. A. tightly B. lightly C. calmly D. skillfully 58. A. stressed B. cheered C. joked D. responded 59. A. regretted B. discovered C. enjoyed D. made 60. A. cried B. waved C. froze D. accepted 61. A. edged B. jumped C. landed D. guided 62. A. put B. contain C. force D. feel 63. A. responsibility B. direction C. balance D. achievement 64. A. sight B. impression C. step D. chance 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 语法填空 The success of DeepSeek and other Chinese AI models highlights the importance of optimizing both hardware and software to achieve breakthroughs in AI. DeepSeek stands out ___65___ a prime example of China’s innovative capacity in the AI domain. ___66___ (build) on advanced machine learning algorithms and extensive datasets, it excels in ___67___ (nature) language processing, image recognition and predictive analytics. Since the release of its third iteration, DeepSeek ___68___ (gain) recognition for its exceptional capabilities, positioning itself as a strong contender against OpenAI’s ChatGPT. ___69___ sets DeepSeek apart is its ability ___70___ (deliver) high performance despite operating on less advanced hardware. This breakthrough not only showcases the technical prowess of Chinese engineers ___71___ serves as a powerful reminder of the potential for innovation in resource-constrained environments. DeepSeek’s success is not ___72___ isolated phenomenon, but rather a reflection of the broader vibrancy of China’s AI ecosystem. Other domestic AI models are also making significant strides in their respective domains. For example, Doubao by ByteDance is ___73___ (wide) used in customer service and education; Kimi, a multimodal model, seamlessly integrates texts, images and audio files. These models collectively highlight the ____74____ (strong) of China’s AI industry and its ability to cater to the specific needs of domestic industries and consumers. 第四部分 应用文写作（满分20分） 75. 在成长的过程中，我们总是对未来的职业充满憧憬。近期你班将以“My Dream Career”为题举行演讲比赛。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括： 1.你的理想职业；2.选择它的理由；3.实现的途径。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100 左右； 2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名。 Good morning, everyone! _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 平冈中学2024-2025学年第二学期期中考试 高一年级 英语试题 考试时间：8点10分—10点10分 第一部分 基础知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 单项选择 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. With enough practice, anyone can become ________ of playing the piano, even without natural talent. A. capable B. cautious C. curious D. concerned 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过足够的练习，任何人都可以变得能够弹钢琴，即使没有天赋。A. capable有能力的；B. cautious小心的，谨慎的；C. curious求知欲强的；D. concerned忧虑的。根据“With enough practice”可知，足够的练习可以让人变得能够弹钢琴，短语become capable of doing意为“变得能够做某事”。故选A。 2. The invention of the internet had a ______ impact on how people communicate around the world. A. slight B. significant C. temporary D. negative 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：互联网的发明对世界各地人们的交流方式产生了重大影响。A. slight轻微的；B. significant重要的；C. temporary短暂的；D. negative消极的。根据“The invention of the internet”可知，此处是对互联网的发明作客观评价，指它对人们的交流方式产生了“重大”影响。故选B。 3. Before starting the experiment, the students carefully reviewed the safety ______ to avoid any accidents. A procedure B. result C. material D. solution 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在开始实验之前，学生们仔细地复习了安全程序，以避免发生任何意外。A. procedure程序，手续；B. result结果；C. material材料；D. solution解决办法。根据“to avoid any accidents”可知，procedure“程序，手续”符合题意，避免发生任何意外的前提是仔细复习安全程序。故选A。 4. Due to his ________ visits to the library, Tom became very familiar with all the staff there. A. sudden B. rare C. frequent D. brief 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于汤姆频繁去图书馆，他和那里的所有员工都很熟悉了。A. sudden突然的；B. rare稀有的；C. frequent频繁的；D. brief简短的。根据“became very familiar with all the staff there”可推知，汤姆因为经常去图书馆，所以才和员工熟悉。用形容词frequent来描述他去图书馆的频率是最合适的。故选C项。 5. The ______ of the project increased as more tasks were added, making it harder to finish on time. A. simplicity B. productivity C. flexibility D. complexity 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着任务的增加，项目的复杂性也随之增加，按时完成任务变得更加困难。A. simplicity简单；B. productivity生产率；C. flexibility灵活性；D. complexity复杂性。根据后文“making it harder to finish on time”指项目的复杂性也随之增加，按时完成任务变得更加困难。故选D。 6. We are still waiting for the ______ of our reservation before we can make the final travel plans. A. registration B. confirmation C. rejection D. treatment 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们还在等待预订的确认，然后才能制定最后的旅行计划。A. registration登记，注册；B. confirmation确认；C. rejection拒绝；D. treatment治疗，对待。根据“before we can make the final travel plans”可知，此处指等待预订的确认，然后才能制定最后的旅行计划，故选B。 7. The advertisement was so ________ that many people decided to buy the product right away. A. exhausting B. appealing C. confusing D. disappointing 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个广告如此吸引人，以至于许多人决定立刻购买该产品。A. exhausting令人疲惫的；B. appealing有吸引力的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据“many people decided to buy the product right away”可知，广告如此吸引人。故选B项。 8. The ______ of the English festival was the poetry reading, where students showcased their speaking abilities. A. background B. highlight C. beginning D. rehearsal 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英语节最精彩的部分是诗歌朗诵，学生们在那里展示了他们的口语能力。A. background背景；B. highlight最精彩的部分；C. beginning开始；D. rehearsal排练。根据下文“where students showcased their speaking abilities”以及常识可知，诗歌朗诵是英语节最精彩的部分。故选B。 9. Wow, ______ that car! I’ve never seen anything like it before! A. get rid of B. get a load of C. get in touch with D. get away with 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：哇，看看那辆车！我以前从未见过这样的！A. get rid of摆脱；B. get a load of看看；C. get in touch with与……取得联系；D. get away with逃脱惩罚。由下文“I’ve never seen anything like it before!”可知，此处表示看看那辆车，故选B。 10. Feeling stressed after a long week of work, Jason decided to go hiking in the mountains to ______. A. break into a smile B. pull one’s weight C. loose lips sink ships D. let off steam 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：工作了一个星期后，杰森感到压力很大，他决定到山里去远足，以释放压力。A. break into a smile突然笑起来；B. pull one’s weight做好分内事，尽责；C. loose lips sink ships祸从口出；D. let off steam释放压力，宣泄情绪。根据“Feeling stressed after a long week of work”可知，let off steam“释放压力，宣泄情绪”符合题意，去山里远足是为了释放工作带来的压力。故选D。 11. During the heated debate in the class meeting about how to improve the efficiency of group study, several practical suggestions finally ______, which really inspired all the students present. A. come about B. come over C. come up D. come across 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在关于如何提高小组学习效率的班会热烈讨论中，几个实用的建议最终被提出，这真地鼓舞了在场所有的学生。A. come about发生；B. come over过来；C. come up被提出；D. come across偶遇。根据上文“several practical suggestions”可知，此处表示建议“被提出”，come up符合语境。故选C。 12. The old building, ______ was recently restored, now serves as a museum. A. that B. whom C. which D. who 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座旧建筑最近被修复，现在用作博物馆。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是building，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故选C。 13. The book ______ I bought yesterday, which was highly recommended by my friends, is very interesting and informative. A. that B. what C. whose D. who 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我昨天买的那本书，是我朋友极力推荐的，非常有趣，内容丰富。空处引导定语从句，先行词是book，关系词在从句中作主语，可用关系代词that引导，故选A。 14. It was her dedication to helping others ______ impressed everyone at the event. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：正是她致力于帮助他人的精神让活动现场的所有人都印象深刻。去掉it was和空处句子依然完整，故此处考查强调句；强调句结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分，当被强调部分是人时，可用who或that；被强调部分是物或情况时，只能用that，本句中强调句子的主语her dedication to helping others。故选C。 15. Hardly ______ any progress on the project before the deadline. A. did they make B. they did make C. made they D. they made 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：在最后期限之前，他们的项目几乎没有取得任何进展。Hardly是表示否定意义的副词，置于句首时句子使用部分倒装，将情态动词/be动词/助动词提至主语前，故选A。 16. The professor ______ the lecture on climate change will be speaking at the international conference next week. A. gave B. giving C. given D. gives 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：正在做气候变化讲座的教授将在下周的国际会议上发言。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作The professor的后置定语，可排除A项和D项，give和The professor逻辑上是主动关系，动作当时在进行中，因此用give的现在分词形式。故选B。 17. ______ all the assignments on time, she was able to take a week off and go on vacation. A. Finishing B. To finish C. Finished D. Having finished 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：她按时完成了所有作业，所以能够休假一周去度假。“(finish) all the assignments on time”作原因状语，finish(完成)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系，且“完成所有作业”这一动作发生在“能够休假去度假”之前，应该用现在分词的完成式having finished。故选D项。 18. The final decision ______ by the committee members and will be announced tomorrow. A. has been made B. has made C. have been made D. have made 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：委员会成员已作出最后决定，明天将宣布。根据“will be announced tomorrow.”可知，空处强调过去动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语的侧死哦你与谓语make为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用has。故选A项。 19. The new policy ______ carefully by the management team at the moment, and its final version will be shared next week. A. is being discussed B. is discussing C. is discussed D. is being discuss 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：目前，管理团队正在仔细讨论新政策，最终版本将于下周公布。根据“at the moment”可知此处是描述正在发生的事情，且主语policy和动词discuss之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态，故选A。 名著阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 请在方框中选择合适的选项，填入短文的空格中，使短文完整连贯。 注意：1，每个选项只能使用一次；2.方框中有一个多余选项。 A. clubbed B. questioning C. smiling thinly D. bet E. card F. robbery G. caught a brief glimpse of H. journey I. even J. safe K. taken leave of A tall man in a top hat with bushy whiskers entered the Bank of England. After tricking a clerk to leave, the attacker soundly ____20____ the cashier who had barely ____21____ him. This incredibly straightforward ____22____ alarmed all London. But the criminal vanished with all the money as if a grain of sand was swallowed by the sea. Meanwhile at the Reform Club, Flanagan slapped down a ____23____ while remarking that was “absolutely stunning.” Phileas Fogg disagreed, ____24____ in response. When Stuarts insisted detectives would catch the robber, Fogg calmly said that the thief had already escaped and suggested he could reach Paris, Egypt, or even circle the globe in eighty days using modern transport. Flanagan laughed, challenging Fogg to attempt the ____25____ himself for £1,000. Fogg unfolded the possibilities mentally before raising the wager to £20,000 so that when he won, he would at least be ____26____. A sudden silence fell as Sullivan doubted whether Fogg had ____27____ his senses. Flushing pink, Flanagan accepted the ____28____. Fogg stood up, announcing he would return precisely eighty days later. With his top hat secured, he disappeared into the October night, leaving the men ____29____ his mental state. 【答案】20. A 21. G 22. F 23. E 24. C 25. H 26. J 27. K 28. D 29. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了Phileas Fogg打赌八十天环球旅行的故事。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：在骗走一名店员后，袭击者用棍子狠狠地打了几乎还没有瞥见他一眼的出纳员。空处应填动词作谓语，根据下文“But the criminal vanished with all the money(但是罪犯带着所有的钱消失了)”和语境可知， 动词club“用棍棒（或类似棍棒之物）打”符合暴力场景，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时态，填clubbed。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：同上。根据上文提到袭击者用棍子狠狠地打了出纳员可知，出纳员应是几乎还没瞥见他一眼，catch a brief glimpse of“瞥……一眼”符合语境，作从句谓语，陈述过去的事情用一般过去时态，catch用过去式caught。故选G。 【22题详解】 考查名词。句意：这起极其直截了当的抢劫案震惊了整个伦敦。空处应填名词作主语，结合上文描述的犯罪过程和下文“But the criminal vanished with all the money as if a grain of sand was swallowed by the sea.(但是罪犯带着所有的钱消失了，就像一粒沙子被大海吞没了一样)”可知，此处指“抢劫案”，F项robbery“抢劫”符合语境，故选F。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：与此同时，在改革俱乐部，Flanagan放下了一张卡片，并评论说这“绝对令人震惊”。空处应填名词单数作宾语，结合“slapped down”可知，名词card“卡片”，符合语境，故选E。 【24题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Phileas Fogg不同意，只是淡淡地笑了笑以作回应。空处作状语，结合“Phileas Fogg disagreed”可知，此处指“只是淡淡地笑了笑以作回应”，动词短语smile thinly“淡淡一笑”符合语境，Phileas Fogg与smile之间为逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词形式smiling thinly。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：Flanagan笑着向Fogg提出挑战，要他以1000英镑的价格亲自试一试这趟旅程。空处应填名词作宾语，根据上文“he could reach Paris, Egypt, or even circle the globe in eighty days using modern transport(他可以乘现代交通工具在八十天内到达巴黎、埃及，甚至可以绕地球一周)”可知，此处指“试一试这趟旅程”，名词journey“旅程，行程”符合语境，故选H。 【26题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在把赌注提高到2万英镑之前，Fogg在心里设想了各种可能性，这样当他赢了的时候，他至少是安全的。空处应填形容词作表语，结合“Fogg unfolded the possibilities mentally”可知，此处是为了确保安全，形容词safe“安全的”符合语境，故选J。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：Sullivan怀疑Fogg是不是疯了，于是一阵突然的沉默。结合“A sudden silence fell”和语境可知，Sullivan怀疑Fogg失去了理智，take leave of his senses“失去理智，举止若狂”，固定短语，take用过去分词形式，与空前had构成过去完成时。故选K。 【28题详解】 考查名词。句意：Flanagan的脸涨得通红，接受了这个赌注。根据上文“Fogg unfolded the possibilities mentally before raising the wager to £20,000 so that when he won(在把赌注提高到2万英镑之前，Fogg在心里设想了各种可能性)”可知，此处指“接受赌注”，名词bet“赌注”符合语境，作宾语。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词。句意：戴上礼帽后，他消失在十月的夜色中，留下那些人质疑他的精神状态。结合上文“Sullivan doubted whether Fogg had ____8____ his senses”可知，此处指众人质疑他的精神状态，动词question“质疑”符合语境，宾语the men与question之间为主动关系，表示处于的状态，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选B。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A John Dewey Birthplace: Burlington, Vermont, United States A faithful advocate of progressive education and liberalism, the American philosopher was the founder of the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. John Dewey’s famous writings included The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology and Human Nature and Conduct. According to him, passion for knowledge and intellectual curiosity were central to a teacher. Savitribai Phule Birthplace: Naigaon, India Savitribai Phule was a revolutionary social reformer who devoted her life to educating girls and bringing about gender (性别) equality in the face of resistance from the conservative Indian society. Phule, who was illiterate (文盲的) until her marriage, went on to become a teacher, an achievement accomplished first by an Indian woman. With her husband, she founded schools for girls in Maharashtra. Maria Montessori Birthplace: Chiaravalle, Italy Maria Montessori was an Italian educator and physician best known for developing the Montessori method of education, a student-friendly method, which is being used in several public and private schools around the world. In 2020, she was nominated (提名) by Time magazine as one of their Top 100 Women of the Year. Jean-Jacques Rousseau Birthplace: Geneva, Switzerland Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, composer, and writer. His political philosophy influenced aspects of the French Revolution. He also helped develop modern economic, political, and educational thought. His writing inspired a complete change in French drama and poetry. His works also influenced such writers around the world as Tolstoy. 30. Who set up the University of Chieage Laboratory Schools? A. Savitribai Phule. B. John Dewey. C. Maria Montessori. D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 31. What do we know about Jean-Jacques Rousseau? A. He founded schools for girls in Maharashtra. B. He emphasized teachers’ passion and curiosity. C. He developed a student-friendly teaching method. D. He had a great impact on French drama and poetry. 32. What do the four figures mentioned have in common? A. They were all influential in education. B. They all fought for gender equality in schools. C. They were all nominated as Top 100 Teachers of the Year. D. They all helped develop political and educational thought. 【答案】30. B 31. D 32. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位在教育领域做出巨大贡献或对教育有巨大影响的人物。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据John Dewey部分“A faithful advocate of progressive education and liberalism, the American philosopher was the founder of the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. (作为进步教育和自由主义的忠实倡导者，这位美国哲学家是芝加哥大学实验学校的创始人。)”可知，约翰·杜威创办了奇埃奇大学实验学校。故选B。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据Jean-Jacques Rous-seau部分“His writing inspired a complete change in French drama and poetry. (他的作品激发了法国戏剧和诗歌的彻底变革。)”可知，让-雅克·卢梭对法国戏剧和诗歌有很大的影响。故选D。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一部分“A faithful advocate of progressive education and liberalism, the American philosopher was the founder of the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools. John Dewey’s famous writings included The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology and Human Nature and Conduct. According to him, passion for knowledge and intellectual curiosity were central to a teacher. (作为进步教育和自由主义的忠实倡导者，这位美国哲学家是芝加哥大学实验学校的创始人。杜威的著名著作有《心理学中的反射弧概念》、《人性与行为》等。据他说，对知识的热情和求知欲是教师的核心。)”；第二部分“Savitribai Phule was a revolutionary social reformer who devoted her life to educating girls and bringing about gender (性别) equality in the face of resistance from the conservative Indian society. (Savitribai Phule是一位革命的社会改革家，她面对保守的印度社会的抵制，一生致力于教育女孩和实现性别平等。)”；第三部分“Maria Montessori was an Italian educator and physician best known for developing the Montessori method of education, a student-friendly method, which is being used in several public and private schools around the world. (玛丽亚·蒙台梭利是一位意大利教育家和医生，以开发蒙台梭利教育法而闻名，这是一种对学生友好的方法，正在世界各地的几所公立和私立学校中使用。)”以及第四部分“He also helped develop modern economic, political, and educational thought. (他还帮助发展了现代经济、政治和教育思想。)”可知，这四个人物的共同之处是都在教育领域都很有影响力。故选A。 B More than 20 years ago, Yung-Chi Cheng, a Yale professor in drug development for cancer, had a pioneering idea: what if he could unlock the potential of ancient Chinese medicines for treating cancer? What if he could design botanical drugs that would make traditional cancer treatments work better? No one had done it before. Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too complicated and too risky. But Cheng didn’t let the idea go. Now, in a landmark moment in cancer research, Cheng and research partners are launching the first international clinical trial for a botanical drug, YIV-906. Shwu-Hucy Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs. She returned with Huang Qin Tang, a 1,800-year-old treatment for stomach illnesses, based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice. What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates. All they need now are larger data sets. When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾) treatment developed from the Chinese herb qinghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou. It has been a long journey, but if Cheng and his team are successful, it could create a new approach to treating cancer. They called the new approach “WE” medicine, a combination of Western medicine and Eastern medicine. “It’s a totally new model. I’ve met with a lot of doubt, but think the results will speak for themselves,” Cheng said. 33. What did fellow researchers initially think of Cheng’s research? A. Creative. B. Comprehensive. C. Conventional. D. Challenging. 34. Why did Liu refer to ancient Chinese texts? A. She wanted to question ancient treatment methods. B. She desired to find inspiration for treating diseases. C. She tried to document the history of Chinese herbs. D. She determined to find a cure for stomach illnesses. 35. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of the drug testing. B. The application of YIV-906. C. Effects of the clinical trial. D. The effectiveness of YIV-906. 36. Why does the author mention Chinese herb qinghao? A. To illustrate the value of botanical drugs. B. To advocate the adoption of “WE” medicine. C. To praise Tu’s contributions to drug development. D. To highlight its success in medicine development. 【答案】33. D 34. B 35. D 36. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了耶鲁大学癌症药物开发教授郑永齐研究一种新的治疗癌症的方法。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fellow researchers and experts advised him to change course, because developing botanical drugs was too complicated and too risky. But Cheng didn’t let the idea go.( 其他研究人员和专家建议他改变路线，因为开发植物药物太复杂，风险太大。但是郑永齐并没有放弃这个想法)”可推知，研究人员最初认为郑永齐的研究是具有挑战性的。故选D项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Shwu-Hucy Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in Cheng’s Yale lab, spent hours leafing through ancient Chinese texts at Yale’s library seeking the properties of Chinese herbs. She returned with Huang Qin Tang, a 1,800-ycar-old treatment for stomach illnesses, based on which the team developed a drug and tested it on one thousand mice.( 郑永齐在耶鲁大学实验室的博士后研究员刘淑惠（音译）花了几个小时在耶鲁大学图书馆翻阅中国古代文献，寻找中草药的特性。她带着黄芩汤回来了，黄芩汤是一种有1800年历史的治疗胃病的药物，研究小组以此为基础开发了一种药物，并在1000只老鼠身上进行了测试)”可推知，刘淑惠参考中国古代文献是因为她希望找到治疗疾病的灵感。故选B项。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“What followed were years of additional testing of the drug’s effectiveness for a range of cancers in multiple human studies involving over 200 patients. The positive effects displayed again and again, YIV-906 not only reduced the side effects of radiation treatment, but also led to faster recovery and longer survival rates.( 接下来的几年里，科学家们在涉及200多名患者的多项人体研究中，对这种药物对一系列癌症的有效性进行了额外的测试。YIV-906不仅减少了放射治疗的副作用，而且恢复得更快，生存率更长，积极的效果一次又一次地显示出来)”可知，第三段主要讲了YIV-906的有效性。故选D项。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“When the results of the international trial are available about three years from now, YIV-906 may find itself next in a long line of breakthrough drugs developed from natural products, which includes a malaria (疟疾) treatment developed from the Chinese herb ginghao, the discovery of which led to a Nobel Prize for chemist Tu Youyou.( 大约三年后，当国际试验的结果公布时，YIV-906可能会成为从天然产物中开发的一长串突破性药物中的下一个，其中包括从中药青蒿中开发的一种治疗疟疾的药物，该药物的发现使化学家屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔奖)”可推知，作者提到中药青蒿是为了说明植物性药物的价值。故选A项。 C Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle through, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life. Lingchong You, a biologist at Duke University, along with his team, used computers to model the complex environment of a sponge for a 2022 study. He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth. This holds significance as certain bacteria tend to grow independently while others demand the companionship of others. Within a sponge filled with holes and pockets, there exist such an abundance of diverse structures that everyone attains a state of satisfaction. Nevertheless it does not necessarily follow that these tools present a health risk to us as well. Bacteria exist everywhere and not all are harmful; in fact, many perform vital jobs. The important question is, therefore, are the bacteria found in sponges even worth worrying about? In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan. “Having said that, there is a possibility that if you use a sponge to wipe up raw meat that you could have some of those disease-causing bacteria on there, and studies have found that those bacteria can be separated from kitchen sponges.” This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case. 37. What can we learn from the first paragraph? A. Sponges are perfect tools in the kitchen. B. Bacteria prefer to live in dry environment. C. Kitchen sponges are good home for bacteria. D. Bacteria affect kitchen sponges’ performance. 38. What did Lingchong You find in his study? A. How sponges are exactly structured. B. What encourages bacterial growth. C. How bacteria react to the environment. D. Why bacteria keep company with each other. 39. What does Quinlan think of bacteria on sponges? A. Relatively harmless. B. Poorly adaptive, C. Surprisingly unpleasant. D. Widely distributed. 40. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph? A. Proofs of bacterial threat. B. The classification of bacteria. C. Methods to control bacterial growth. D. Research into applications of bacteria. 【答案】37. C 38. B 39. A 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了细菌在厨房海绵中的生存情况，包括细菌的生长环境、种类、对人类的潜在影响以及海绵的特殊结构如何成为细菌生长的理想场所。 【37题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Bacteria (细菌) know how to rough it out all over the earth. Ask most of them where they’d truly prefer to settle though, and a kitchen sponge (海绵) would probably top the list. Yes, it turns out that the very tool we use to clean our plates, which is warm, damp, and full of nutritious food pieces, is packed of tiny life.(细菌知道如何在地球上的各个地方顽强生存。不过，要是问它们最想在哪里定居，厨房海绵可能会高居榜首。没错，事实证明，我们用来清洗盘子的这个工具，温暖、潮湿，还满是富有营养的食物碎屑，其实充满了微小的生命。)”可知，大多数细菌它们真正想在哪里定居，厨房海绵可能会排在首位，事实证明，我们用来清洗盘子的这个温暖、潮湿且充满营养食物碎屑的工具，充满了微小的生命（细菌）。由此可知，厨房海绵是细菌的好家园。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He found that sponges featuring pockets of varying sizes are something that really matters for promoting bacterial growth.(他发现，海绵上那些大小各异的孔隙对于促进细菌生长至关重要。)”可知，Lingchong You发现不同大小孔隙的海绵对促进细菌生长起着重要作用，也就是他发现了什么能促进细菌生长。故选B。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In 2017, Jennifer Quinlan, a professor of food safety, and her colleagues, collected kitchen sponges from 100 homes, finding that only 1 – 2% of those sponges contained bacteria linked to food poisoning in humans and the ones that did contained only small amounts of harmful bacteria. “The vast majority of bacteria on sponges do not cause illness, and they’re just going to make them smell.” says Quinlan.(2017年，食品安全领域的教授Jennifer Quinlan和她的同事们从100个家庭中收集了厨房海绵，发现这些海绵中只有1%到2%含有与人类食物中毒相关的细菌，而且确实含有有害细菌的海绵中，有害细菌的含量也很少。Quinlan说：“海绵上绝大多数细菌不会致病，它们只是会让海绵产生异味。)”可知，Quinlan 认为海绵上绝大多数细菌不会引发疾病，只有极少数海绵含有与人类食物中毒有关的细菌，而且这些细菌的含量也很少，所以她认为海绵上的细菌相对无害。故选A。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This is not the whole story yet. If dangerous bacteria happen to arrive on the scene, the sponge’s special make-up makes it an ideal place for them to grow and multiply. And there’s evidence this is the case.(事情还不止如此。如果危险的细菌碰巧来到了海绵上，海绵特殊的构造会使它成为这些细菌生长和繁殖的理想场所。而且有证据表明情况确实如此。)”可知，由于最后一段提到有证据表明危险细菌会在海绵上生长繁殖，所以接下来很可能会讨论细菌威胁的证据具体是什么。故选A。 D Imagine an artificial intelligence model that can watch and understand moving images like you and me. Now, scientists have made this a reality by creating MovieNet: an innovative AI that processes videos much like how our brains interpret real-life scenes. This brain-inspired AI model can perceive moving scenes by simulating how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world. While conventional AI excels at still image recognition, MovieNet is designed to understand complex, dynamic scenes, allowing it to recognize small changes over time. To create MovieNet, Hollis Cline, senior author of the study, examined how animals’ brains process real-world scenes. Specifically, he studied how tadpoles’ (蝌蚪的) neurons respond to moving stimuli. Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces: each piece alone may not make sense, but together they form a complete image in motion. Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene. Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes. In testing, MovieNet achieved 82.3% accuracy, outperforming trained human observers by 18% and doing much better than existing AI models. Beyond its higher accuracy, MovieNet is more environment-friendly. Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses (压缩) data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact. “We’ve also made AI far less demanding,” says Cline. MovieNet could also transform medicine. It might help detect early signs of diseases by tracking small movement changes that are difficult for human eyes to detect. Looking ahead, the team plans to improve MovieNet’s ability to adapt to different environments and enhance its potential applications. “By designing models that think like living organisms (有机体), we can achieve efficiency levels that aren't possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.” 41. What does the underlined word “simulating” mean in paragraph 2? A. Copying. B. Inspiring. C. Demonstrating. D. Recognizing. 42 MovieNet is trained ________. A. to integrate dynamic images B. to increase visual inputs C. to feed on information pieces D. to look into tadpoles’ neurons 43. According to paragraph 5, what is an advantage of MovieNet? A. Its powerful data storage. B. Its low energy consumption. C Its control of medical diseases. D. Its improvement on drug effects. 44. What can be concluded from Cline’s words in the last paragraph? A. Biology brings us financial profits. B. Living organisms can outperform AI. C. AI can assist in biological development. D. Drawing inspiration from biology is promising. 【答案】41. A 42. A 43. B 44. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家开发出的一种新型的人工智能模型——MovieNet，并详细说明其原理、优势以及潜在应用。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“This brain-inspired AI model(这个受大脑启发的人工智能模型)”和下文的内容“how neurons (神经元) make real-time sense of the world(神经元是如何实时感知世界的)”可知，既然这种人工智能模型是受人类大脑启发的，那么它肯定是可以模仿神经元对世界的感知。因此，划线单词simulating的意为“模仿”或“复制”，与动词copying意义一致。故选A项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Tadpoles’ neurons process these visual inputs like solving puzzle pieces: each piece alone may not make sense, but together they form a complete image in motion. Different neurons process various “puzzle pieces” of a real-life moving image, which the brain then combines to form a continuous scene.(蝌蚪的神经元处理这些视觉输入就像解决拼图一样：每一块单独可能都没有意义，但它们一起形成了一个完整的运动图像。不同的神经元处理现实生活中运动图像的各种“拼图”，然后大脑将它们组合成一个连续的场景。)”和第四段的句子“Using this understanding, the researchers trained MovieNet to process video clips by identifying small visual signals, allowing it to distinguish between small changes in scenes.(利用这种理解，研究人员训练MovieNet通过识别小的视觉信号来处理视频片段，使其能够区分场景中的小变化。)”可知，MovieNet是通过整合动态图像来识别场景中的微小变化的。故选A项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段的句子“Conventional AI requires vast amounts of data and energy, but MovieNet compresses data like a zipped file, reducing environmental impact.(传统的人工智能需要大量的数据和能源，但MovieNet像压缩文件一样压缩数据，减少了对环境的影响。)”可知，MovieNet通过压缩数据减少了对环境的影响，即其能耗较低。故选B项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“By designing models that think like living organisms, we can achieve efficiency levels that aren’t possible with traditional AI,” says Cline, “Biology is a gold mine.(通过设计像生物体一样思考的模型，我们可以达到传统人工智能无法达到的效率水平，”克莱恩说，“生物学是一座金矿。)”可知，Cline认为通过模仿生物体的思维方式设计模型，可以达到传统AI无法实现的效率水平，并称生物学为“金矿”。因此，可以推断出从生物学中汲取灵感是很有前景的。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Avoid Internet Addiction Internet addiction is a common problem that can be just as damaging as any other form of addiction. Maybe you are concerned that you are too dependent on the Internet and feel very upset. ___45___ Reach out to friends and family to build more in-person connections If you desire social interaction, call up a friend and make plans to do something fun. ___46___ If you don’t have friends or family who you can turn to, look into a special interest group you can join. Attend in-person meetings to connect with other people who share your interests and make new friends. ___47___. Exercising, reading a book, writing, studying and doing crossword puzzles are all better alternatives to mindlessly surfing the Internet. If you want to cut back on how often you are using the Internet but aren’t sure what to do with the extra time, identify a few activities that you enjoy and pick one to do instead when you’re feeling the urge to go online. Use relaxation techniques to reduce stress and anxiety. Yoga, meditation, muscle relaxation, and deep breathing are all great ways to relax when you’re feeling stressed. ___48___ Instead, try going out for a walk in nature or engaging in a favorite hobby. Watch for signs of Internet addiction and seek help if you notice them. If you are concerned about becoming addicted to the Internet, staying aware of the signs of Internet addiction may help you know when to seek help. Be on the lookout for any signs that you may have become addicted. ___49___ If this strategy to overcome Internet addiction doesn’t work for you, talk with your doctor for help. A. Act right away to limit your Internet usage. B. Replace Internet use with a-healthy activity. C. Arrange a family dinner or a game night also helps. D. Employ your extra time to do something worthwhile. E. Following are several strategies to limit your Internet usage. F. You are likely to think that the Internet addiction will ruin your life. G. You should not reach for your smart phone or laptop when you are feeling pressured. 【答案】45. E 46. C 47. B 48. G 49. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了如何避免网络成瘾，给出了几种限制互联网使用的策略。 【45题详解】 设空位于首段段尾，应是点出本段主题，并引出下文，根据前文“Internet addiction is a common problem that can be just as damaging as any other form of addiction. Maybe you are concerned that you are too dependent on the Internet and feel very upset.(网瘾是一种常见的问题，它和其他形式的成瘾一样具有破坏性。也许你担心自己过于依赖互联网，感到非常不安)”可知，本文主题是网瘾，所以E项“Following are several strategies to limit your Internet usage.(以下是一些限制你使用互联网的策略)”点出本段主题，引出下文。故选E项。 【46题详解】 根据前文“Reach out to friends and family to build more in-person connections If you desire social interaction, call up a friend and make plans to do something fun.(如果你渴望社交互动，给朋友打电话，计划做一些有趣的事情)”以及后文“If you don’t have friends or family who you can turn to, look into a special interest group you can join.(如果你没有可以求助的朋友或家人，那就找一个你可以加入的特殊兴趣小组)”可知，后文说没有可以求助的朋友或家人，而前文只提到朋友，所以空处应是提到家人，也就是和家人互动，所以C项“Arrange a family dinner or a game night also helps.(安排一次家庭聚餐或游戏之夜也会有所帮助)”符合本段主题。故选C项。 【47题详解】 设空位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Exercising, reading a book, writing, studying and doing crossword puzzles are all better alternatives to mindlessly surfing the Internet. If you want to cut back on how often you are using the fnernet but aren’t sure what to do with the extra time, identify a few activities that you enjoy and pick one to do instead when you’re feeling the urge to go online.(锻炼、读书、写作、学习和做填字游戏都是比盲目上网更好的选择。如果你想减少上网的频率，但又不知道该怎么利用这些多余的时间，那就找几个你喜欢的活动，当你想上网的时候挑一个来做)”可知，本段主要讲述，用别的活动来代替上网，所以B项“Replace Internet use with a-healthy activity.(用健康的活动代替上网)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选B项。 【48题详解】 根据前文“Use relaxation techniques to reduce stress and anxiety. Yoga, meditation, muscle relaxation, and deep breathing are all great ways to relax when you’re feeling stressed.(使用放松技巧来减少压力和焦虑。当你感到压力时，瑜伽、冥想、肌肉放松和深呼吸都是很好的放松方式)”可知，本段讲述了感到压力用放松技巧来缓解，而不是上网，所以G项“You should not reach for your smart phone or laptop when you are feeling pressured.(当你感到压力时，你不应该拿起你的智能手机或笔记本电脑)”符合本段主题，且和后文“Instead, try going out for a walk in nature or engaging in a favorite hobby.(相反，试着去大自然中散步或从事自己喜欢的爱好)”构成转折关系。故选G项。 【49题详解】 根据前文“Watch for signs of Internet addiction and seek help if you notice them. If you are concerned about becoming addicted to the Internet, staying aware of the signs of Internet addiction may help you know when to seek help. Be on the lookout for any signs that you may have become addicted.(注意网络成瘾的迹象，如果发现就寻求帮助。如果你担心自己会对网络上瘾，留意网络成瘾的迹象可能会帮助你知道何时寻求帮助。注意任何你可能已经上瘾的迹象)”可知，本段主要讲述了注意网络成瘾的迹象，发现后及时采取行动，所以A项“Act right away to limit your Internet usage.(立即采取行动限制你的互联网使用)”符合本段主题，承接上文。故选A项。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I’ve always been terrified of heights. The thought of being up high made my heart ___50___ and my hands sweat. But one summer, my friends and I decided to try rock climbing, and I chose to face my ___51___. We arrived at the climbing gym, and the ___52___ walls above us seemed like a huge challenge. When my friends eagerly put on their climbing belts and started practicing on the lower routes, I ___53___. I watched them with a mix of admiration and ___54___. I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me. When it was my ___55___, I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt. The first few feet were manageable, but as I climbed higher, my fear ___56___. My hands shook, and I grasped the holds ___57___. “You’re doing great!” my friends ___58___ from below, but I could barely hear them for the thundering of my own heart. I looked down and immediately _____59_____ it, as the ground seemed so far away. I _____60_____, trying to steady my breathing. I knew I had two choices: give up or keep going. I chose the latter. Slowly, I _____61_____ upward. The higher I climbed, the more my confidence grew. When I finally reached the top, I couldn’t _____62_____ the smile on my face and felt a sense of _____63_____. That day, I learned that sometimes, the hardest part of overcoming a fear is taking the first _____64_____. 50. A. break B. fly C. sing D. race 51. A. danger B. fear C. duty D. future 52. A. dividing B. bearing C. towering D. enclosing 53. A. complained B. hesitated C. agreed D. failed 54. A. anxiety B. sympathy C. gratitude D. desire 55. A. choice B. favorite C. turn D. way 56. A. faded away B. moved on C. held back D. built up 57. A. tightly B. lightly C. calmly D. skillfully 58. A. stressed B. cheered C. joked D. responded 59. A. regretted B. discovered C. enjoyed D. made 60. A. cried B. waved C. froze D. accepted 61. A. edged B. jumped C. landed D. guided 62. A. put B. contain C. force D. feel 63. A. responsibility B. direction C. balance D. achievement 64. A. sight B. impression C. step D. chance 【答案】50. D 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. B 59. A 60. C 61. A 62. B 63. D 64. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过描述作者克服恐高症的经历，展现了个人成长和挑战自我的过程。文章详细叙述了作者从犹豫、害怕到最终成功登顶的心路历程，以及在这个过程中获得的成就感和自我认知。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到身处高处，我的心就会狂跳，双手也会冒汗。A. break打破、中断；B. fly飞；C. sing唱；D. race比赛、因害怕、兴奋等急速跳动。根据上文“I’ve always been terrified of heights.”可知，作者恐高，所以一想到在高处，应该是心跳加速。故选D。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在一个夏天，我和朋友们决定尝试攀岩，而我选择直面自己的恐惧。A. danger危险；B. fear恐惧；C. duty责任；D. future未来。根据上文“I’ve always been terrified of heights.”可知，作者恐高。由此可推测，作者决定尝试攀岩是为了直面自己的恐惧。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们来到了攀岩馆，展现在我们面前的高耸岩壁似乎是一个巨大的挑战。A. dividing划分；B. bearing忍受、承受；C. towering高耸；D. enclosing包围、封闭。根据空后“walls above us seemed like a huge challenge”可知，作者觉得这是个巨大挑战，结合作者恐高，可推测这里是说高耸的墙壁。故选C。 【53题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的朋友们急切地系上攀岩安全带，开始在较低的路线上练习时，我却犹豫了。A. complained抱怨；B. hesitated犹豫；C. agreed同意；D. failed失败。根据下文“I watched them with a mix of admiration and ___5___ . I could feel a wave of self-doubt wash over me.”可知，作者看到朋友们急切地开始练习，自己已经开始心生犹豫。故选B。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我怀着既钦佩又焦虑的复杂心情看着他们。A. anxiety焦虑；B. sympathy同情；C. gratitude感激；D. desire欲望。根据上文“I’ve always been terrified of heights.”可知，作者恐高。由此可推测，因为作者恐高，看到朋友们去攀岩，自己又不敢，所以此时心情是既羡慕又焦虑。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：轮到我时，我终于深吸一口气，系上了安全带。A. choice选择；B. favorite最喜欢的；C. turn轮流；D. way方式、道路。根据下文“I finally took a deep breath and tied my belt”中的“finally”可推测，终于轮到作者攀岩了。故选C。 【56题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：最初的几英尺还能应付，但随着我爬得越来越高，我的恐惧加剧了。A. faded away逐渐消失；B. moved on继续前进；C. held back阻止、退缩；D. built up建立、增强。根据上文可知，作者恐高。再根据下文“My hands shook”可推测，随着爬得更高，作者的恐惧加剧。故选D。 【57题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的双手颤抖着，紧紧地抓住岩壁上的支撑点。A. tightly紧紧地；B. lightly轻轻地；C. calmly冷静地；D. skillfully熟练地。根据上文“The first few feet were manageable, but as I climbed higher, my fear ___7___ .”可知，由于作者恐高，所以爬得越高，作者越害怕。再根据常理可知，由于害怕，作者会紧紧地抓住岩壁上的支撑点。故选A。 【58题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你做得很棒！”朋友们在下面为我加油鼓劲，但我的心跳声如雷，几乎听不见他们的声音。A. stressed强调；B. cheered欢呼、加油；C. joked开玩笑；D. responded回应。根据上文““You’re doing great!””可知，朋友们在下面为作者加油。故选B。 【59题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我往下看了一眼，立刻就后悔了，因为地面看起来是那么遥远。A. regretted遗憾、后悔；B. discovered发现；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. made制作。根据上文内容可知，作者恐高；再根据下文“as the ground seemed so far away”可知，作者往下看后立刻就后悔。故选A。 【60题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一下子僵住了，努力让自己的呼吸平稳下来。A. cried哭；B. waved挥手；C. froze冻住、愣住；D. accepted接受。根据下文“trying to steady my breathing”以及上文提到的作者害怕的状态可知，作者此时是愣住了。故选C。 【61题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，我一点一点地往上挪动。A. edged略微超过、慢慢地；B. jumped跳；C. landed着陆；D. guided引导。根据上文“I knew I had two choices: give up or keep going. I chose the latter.”可知，作者选择继续往上爬。再根据“slowly”可知，作者慢慢地一点一点地往上移动。故选A。 【62题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于到达顶端时，我脸上抑制不住笑容，心中涌起一股成就感。A. put放；B. contain包含、控制；C. force强迫；D. feel感觉。根据上文“When I finally reached the top”可知，作者终于到达了顶端；根据常理可知，此时的作者抑制不住自己的笑容。故选B。 【63题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我终于到达顶端时，我脸上抑制不住笑容，心中涌起一股成就感。A. responsibility责任；B. direction方向；C. balance平衡；D. achievement成就。根据上文内容可知，作者一直恐高，但是作者选择了直面恐惧。而此时，作者克服了恐高的恐惧，成功爬到顶部，所以会有一种成就感。故选D。 【64题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天，我明白了，有时候，克服恐惧最困难的部分就是迈出第一步。A. sight视力、景象；B. impression印象；C. step步骤；D. chance机会。根据全文内容可知，作者通过这次攀岩经历，明白了克服恐惧最困难的部分有时候是迈出第一步。故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 语法填空 The success of DeepSeek and other Chinese AI models highlights the importance of optimizing both hardware and software to achieve breakthroughs in AI DeepSeek stands out ___65___ a prime example of China’s innovative capacity in the AI domain. ___66___ (build) on advanced machine learning algorithms and extensive datasets, it excels in ___67___ (nature) language processing, image recognition and predictive analytics. Since the release of its third iteration, DeepSeek ___68___ (gain) recognition for its exceptional capabilities, positioning itself as a strong contender against OpenAI’s ChatGPT. ___69___ sets DeepSeek apart is its ability ___70___ (deliver) high performance despite operating on less advanced hardware. This breakthrough not only showcases the technical prowess of Chinese engineers ___71___ serves as a powerful reminder of the potential for innovation in resource-constrained environments. DeepSeek’s success is not ___72___ isolated phenomenon, but rather a reflection of the broader vibrancy of China’s AI ecosystem. Other domestic AI models are also making significant strides in their respective domains. For example, Doubao by ByteDance is ___73___ (wide) used in customer service and education; Kimi, a multimodal model, seamlessly integrates texts, images and audio files. These models collectively highlight the ____74____ (strong) of China’s AI industry and its ability to cater to the specific needs of domestic industries and consumers. 【答案】65. as 66. Built 67. natural 68. has gained 69. What 70. to deliver 71. but 72. an 73. widely 74. strength 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国AI模型DeepSeek的成功及其在AI领域的创新能力和影响力。 【65题详解】 考查介词。句意：DeepSeek作为中国在AI领域创新能力的典范脱颖而出。分析句子结构和句意，此处需要介词as来表示“作为”的意思，故填as。 【66题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：基于先进的机器学习算法和广泛的数据集，它在自然语言处理、图像识别和预测分析方面表现出色。句子的谓语动词是excels，空处用非谓语动词，build与it（指代DeepSeek）是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，作状语。故填Built。 【67题详解】 考查形容词。句意同上。此处需要一个形容词来修饰“language processing”，用natural表示“自然的”意思，故填natural。 【68题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自其第三版发布以来，DeepSeek因其卓越的能力而获得了认可，成为OpenAI的ChatGPT的有力竞争者。由时间状语Since the release of its third iteration可知，句子用现在完成时来，主语是第三人称单数，故填has gained。 【69题详解】 考查疑问代词。句意：使DeepSeek与众不同的是它能够在较不先进的硬件上提供高性能的能力。分析句子结构，此处需要一个连词来引导主语从句，表示“……的东西”的意思，从句中作主语，用连词what。故填What。 【70题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意同上。ability后常用不定式形式作定语，故填to deliver。 【71题详解】 考查连词。句意：这一突破不仅展示了中国工程师的技术实力，而且有力地提醒了在资源有限的环境中进行创新的潜力。此处需要一个连词来连接两个并列的成分，表示“不仅……而且……”的意思，用not only…but(also)，also可以省略，故填but。 【72题详解】 考查冠词。句意：DeepSeek的成功并不是一个孤立的现象，而是中国AI生态系统更广泛活力的反映。此处需要一个不定冠词来表示“一个”的意思，isolated以元音音素开头，故填an。 【73题详解】 考查副词。句意：例如，字节跳动的豆包被广泛应用于客户服务和教育；Kimi，一个多模态模型，无缝集成文本、图像和音频文件。此处需要一个副词来修饰“used”，表示“广泛地”的意思，故填widely。 【74题详解】 考查名词。句意：这些模型共同突出了中国AI产业的实力及其满足国内行业和消费者特定需求的能力。此处需要名词strength表示“实力”，作宾语，故填strength。 第四部分 应用文写作（满分20分） 75. 在成长的过程中，我们总是对未来的职业充满憧憬。近期你班将以“My Dream Career”为题举行演讲比赛。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括： 1.你的理想职业；2.选择它的理由；3.实现的途径。 注意： 1.写作词数应为100 左右； 2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯； 3.文中不得出现真实姓名。 Good morning, everyone! _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Good morning, everyone! My dream career is to become a wildlife biologist. I have always been fascinated by animals and their ecosystems, and I hope to contribute to wildlife conservation. This career allows me to combine my passion for nature with scientific research, helping protect endangered species and educate the public about biodiversity. To achieve this goal, I plan to major in biology in college and participate in field research programs. I will also volunteer at nature reserves to gain hands-on experience. By staying curious and dedicated, I believe I can make a difference in preserving our planet’s natural wonders. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。近期考生所在班将以“My Dream Career”为题举行演讲比赛，要求考生根据要求写一篇英语演讲稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 着迷的：fascinated→enchanted 帮助：help→assist 实现：achieve→realize 获得：gain→acquire  2. 句式拓展 同义句 原句：I have always been fascinated by animals and their ecosystems, and I hope to contribute to wildlife conservation. 拓展句：Fascinated by animals and their ecosystems, I hope to contribute to wildlife conservation. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】This career allows me to combine my passion for nature with scientific research, helping protect endangered species and educate the public about biodiversity.（运用了现在分词作状语） 【高分句型 2】By staying curious and dedicated, I believe I can make a difference in preserving our planet’s natural wonders.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$