精品解析：北京市第九中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中英语试题

2025北京九中高二(下)期中 英语 2025.5 (考试时间 90分钟 满分100分) 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. So when she was asked to feed carrots to the reddish-brown horse named Charlie on a summer Saturday, she approached ____1____ , unsure of herself at times, turning around to a group of children waiting for their turn to feed him. Olivia eventually made it to the horse’s mouth and Charlie licked (舔) her hands as she____2____ him his favorite treat. Olivia was amused. “That’s what I call a(an) ____3____,” said Sabrina, a social worker who has teamed up with the community organization Alkebu-lan Village to help children overcome their problems and keep them on paths to____4____. “I’m excited,” Olivia said smiling. “I love petting him.” The program “Stop Horsing Around” at Alkebu-lan Village was launched this summer with over a dozen kids signing up. They were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses____5____ eventually they got a chance to ride them. By____6____ the program’s horses with Sabrina’s help and forming____7____ with them, children become more self-aware and then begin to recognize and face negative feelings and behaviors, which can help them communicate with others and lead to significant positive changes to their____8____ skills, self-worth and behavior issues. Sabrina first taught the children that Charlie needed to become____9____ with them by smelling their hands. Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots. Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. Their____10____ consistently turned into smiles, laughter and excitement. 1 A. happily B. calmly C. slowly D. directly 2. A. fed B. left C. made D. threw 3. A. award B. exchange C. negotiation D. breakthrough 4. A. fame B. success C. responsibility D. freedom 5. A. before B. after C. as D. though 6. A. taking over B. walking with C. caring for D. responding to 7. A. routines B. bonds C. judgements D. ideas 8. A. technical B. survival C. organizational D. social 9. A. popular B. familiar C. satisfied D. patient 10. A. resistance B. disappointment C. misunderstanding D. hesitation 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一个项目，旨在让那些害羞的孩子通过与马建立联系，逐渐变得自信开朗。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，当她在一个夏天的周六被要求喂红褐色的马查理胡萝卜时，她慢慢地走近，有时不自信，转向一群等着喂它的孩子。A. happily高兴地；B. calmly平静地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. directly直接地。根据第一段第一句“Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. (9岁的奥利维亚一开始很害羞。她以前从未骑过马。)”可知她很害羞，所以当她被要求喂马时，她应该是缓慢地靠近。故选C项。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：奥利维亚最终把胡萝卜放到了马口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜欢的食物。A. fed喂；B. left离开；C. made做；D. threw扔。通过上文可知她不敢喂马到最终把食物喂到了马的嘴里。当她把食物喂到马的嘴里时，查理舔了舔她的手。故选A项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A. award奖项；B. exchange交流；C. negotiation谈判；D. breakthrough突破。根据上文Oliver由开始的害羞不敢喂马，到最后把食物喂到马的嘴里，这是一种突破。故选D项。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“就是我所说的突破，”萨布丽娜说，她是一名社会工作者，与社区组织阿尔克布兰村合作，帮助孩子们克服他们的问题，让他们走上成功的道路。A. fame名声；B. success成功；C. responsibility责任；D. freedom自由。这个项目是帮助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故选B项。 【5题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马，最后才有机会骑上它们。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. as当……时候/因为；D. though虽然。根据句意可知，在他们骑马之前需要学会接近马，喂马和刷马等。故选A项。 【6题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. take over接管；B. walk with与……同行；C. care for照顾/关心；D. respond to回应。通过前文“they were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses(他们学会了如何接近、喂马、刷马和上马)”可知，孩子们通过照顾马和马建立联系。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. routines常规；B. bonds联系；C. judgements判断；D. ideas主意。根据句意，孩子们通过照顾马与马建立联系。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过在Sabrina的帮助下照顾项目中的马，并与它们建立联系，孩子们变得更有自我意识，然后开始认识和面对消极的感受和行为，这可以帮助他们与他人沟通，并导致他们的社交技能、自我价值和行为问题发生重大的积极变化。A. technical技术的；B. survival幸存的；C. organizational组织的；D. social社会的；社交的。根据本句“which can help them communicate with others(这能帮助孩子与他人沟通)，表明孩子们的社交技能将会发生积极变化。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子们，查理需要通过闻他们的手来熟悉他们。A. popular流行的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. satisfied感到满意的；D. patient有耐心的。根据下一句“Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子们就学会了如何抚摸他的脸和头，然后学会了如何使用牵绳，收拾查理的烂摊子，给他喂胡萝卜。)”可知，查理一开始是先从闻手上的气味开始熟悉孩子们。一旦熟悉了，孩子们就可以抚摸他们的脸和头。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的犹豫相符地变成了微笑、笑声和兴奋。A. resistance抗拒；B. disappointment失望；C. misunderstanding误解；D. hesitation犹豫。由最后一段“Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. (奥利维亚并不是唯一一个一开始就紧张害羞的孩子。但最终奥利维亚也不是唯一一个离开时更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子们由一开始的犹豫最后转变为了自信和微笑。故选D项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you”. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something. Expressing gratitude makes us feel a positive emotion. Over the past thirty years, there____11____ (be) many studies showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person offers us an opportunity____12____ (escape) from negative emotions. Even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and____13____ (satisfied) with life. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. 【答案】11. have been 12. to escape 13. more satisfied 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究发现：感恩不仅仅是给人道一声“谢谢”，感恩是对某人或某事的更深层次的欣赏，同时也对我们的健康有好处，尤其是以写感谢信来表达感恩的这个方式，能使我们逃离负面情绪的影响。 【11题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。根据时间状语Over the past thirty years，句子谓语用现在完成时态，此处为there be结构，主语为many studies，为复数，故助动词用have。故填have been。 【12题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的三十年里，有许多研究表明，给别人写一封感谢信给我们提供了一个逃离负面情绪的机会。此处考查名词opportunity，后接动词不定式作后置定语，故填to escape。 【13题详解】 考查形容词比较等级。句意：即使我们不与任何人分享我们写的内容，完成练习的行为本身就会让我们更快乐、对生活更满意。设空处与形容词happier并列，也用比较等级，作us的宾补，故填more satisfied。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I was in Singapore six years ago, I gave a taxi driver a card____14____ a specific address on it and asked him to take me there as quickly as possible. When we had almost reached the destination, he circled around the block. His meter read $11, but he took only $10. He explained that he wasn’t so familiar with this area. Before getting out of the taxi, I ____15____ (tell) that the ride with the taxi driver is always an important experience____16____ creates the first impression about this country for a person. 【答案】14. with 15. was told 16. that##which 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了六年前作者去新加坡时，打了一辆出租车去目的地。到达目的地后，车上的计费表显示11美元，但是司机只收了10美元，司机告诉作者，乘坐出租车是重要的经历，因为它会给人们留下对这个国家的第一印象。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：六年前我在新加坡的时候，我给了一个出租车司机一张写有具体地址的卡片，让他尽快带我去那里。分析句子结构可知，and前后连接两个句子，此处表示“有”，应用介词with，构成with复合结构：with+名词+介词短语，故填with。 【15题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：在下出租车之前，我被告知，乘坐出租车一直是一个重要的经历，因为它会给一个人留下对这个国家的第一印象。此处在主句中作谓语，主句描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，根据句意可知，此处表示“司机告诉我，即我被告知”，主语I和tell是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，故填was told。 【16题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在下出租车之前，我被告知，乘坐出租车一直是一个重要的经历，它会给一个人留下对这个国家的第一印象。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为experience，指物，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which来引导，故填that/which。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When were you born? For most people, this is an easy question. Even those who don’t know their exact birthday can usually figure out when they were born to within a few years. Yet the Internet is full of quizzes____17____ (make) to help you determine in which decade you were born. These are usually based on what____18____ (happen) in American pop culture at the time you first became aware of it. It sounds foolish. But many people, though____19____ (complain) about the stupid quizzes, still take them, wondering ____20____ their answers generate their correct birth year. 【答案】17. made 18. was happening 19. complaining 20. if##whether 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网上充满了帮助你确定你出生在哪个年代的测验，这些测试是基于你第一次意识到美国流行文化时所发生的事情，尽管许多人感觉这些测试很愚蠢，但是他们还是会做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否符合他们正确的出生年份。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，互联网上充满了帮助你确定你出生在哪个年代的测验。句中有谓语动词is，且前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词quizzes，动词make和quizzes是被动关系，因为make quizzes意为“做测试”，此处“测试是被做”，所以此处应用过去分词made作后置定语，故填made。 【18题详解】 考查时态。句意：这些通常是基于你第一次意识到美国流行文化时所发生的事情。what引导宾语从句，空处在从句中作谓语，由at the time you first became aware of it可知，句子描述过去当下时间点发生的事，应用过去进行时，故填was happening。 【19题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：但是许多人，虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验，但一边却仍然做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份。此处是though引导的状语从句的省略，从句主语和主句主语是同一主语，所以从句省略主语和系动词，从句主语many people和动词complain是主动关系，应用现在分词形式和系动词are构成现在进行时，即完整句子为though many people are complaining about the stupid quizzes，省略句为：though complaining about the stupid quizzes，故填complaining。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：但是许多人，虽然一边抱怨愚蠢的测验，但一边却仍然做测试，因为他们想知道测试的答案是否产生正确的出生年份。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，根据句意可知，此处表示“是否”，应用不做成分，只起连接作用的if/whether来引导，故填if/whether。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re a lover of literature and want to study it further, Harvard’s online courses are a great option! About the Courses The Ancient Greek Hero explores what it means to be human today by studying what it meant to be a hero in ancient Greek times. To achieve this, learners will experience, in English translation, some ancient Greek literature from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century AD. Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang looks at how noble families and their culture and literature contributed to the reunification (重新统一) of China under the Tang Dynasty. You’ll also learn how to compose and analyze poetry and calligraphy. Shakespeare’s Life and Work explores relationships between Shakespeare’s world and present day. Through short videos and readings, you will see how the meaning of a work of art changes depending on the time, context, and culture. Masterpieces of World Literature reveals how great writers reflect on their world and how their works are changed in today’s global culture. It helps us understand the deep roots of today’s interconnected global culture. Ways to Take the Courses When you sign up for these courses, you will have the option of auditing (旁听) the course or pursuing an official certificate. In the auditing track, learning is free and self-paced within 18 weeks. Learners have access to part of our course resources. Besides, course videos and handouts are not available for downloading. Please note that this track does not offer an official certificate. Alternatively, learners can pay $299 to pursue an official certificate, which offers unlimited access to course resources within a year. At the end of the course, learners who earn a passing grade can receive a certificate. If you’re interested and want to learn more, click here: https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu 21. If you want to know how to analyze poetry, you can choose ______. A. The Ancient Greek Hero B. Shakespeare’s Life and Work C. Masterpieces of World Literature D. Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang 22. In the auditing track, you can ______. A. determine the learning pace B. access handouts for a fee C. earn an official certificate D. download course videos 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise online courses. B. To explore the roots of humanity. C To compare different cultures. D. To highlight the value of literature. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍哈佛大学的在线课程。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。由About the Courses中Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang中“You’ll also learn how to compose and analyze poetry and calligraphy.(你还将学习如何创作和分析诗歌和书法。)”可知，如果你想知道如何分析诗歌，你可以选择Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang。故选D项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。由Ways to Take the Courses中第二段“In the auditing track, learning is free and self-paced within 18 weeks. Learners have access to part of our course resources. Besides, course videos and handouts are not available for downloading. Please note that this track does not offer an official certificate.(在旁听赛道中，学习是免费的，在18周内自主学习。学员可以访问我们的部分课程资源。此外，课程视频和讲义不可下载。请注意，这个赛道不提供官方证书。)”可知，在旁听赛道中，你可以决定学习进度。故选A项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“If you’re a lover of literature and want to study it further, Harvard’s online courses are a great option!(如果你是一个文学爱好者，并且想进一步学习，哈佛大学的在线课程是一个很好的选择！)”和最后一段“If you’re interested and want to learn more, click here: https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu(如果您感兴趣并想了解更多信息，请单击此处：https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu)”可知，文章主要介绍哈佛大学的在线课程，主要目的是为在线课程做广告。故选A项。 B In 2014, a year into her retirement, Morag Warrack found herself in a village hall in the Surrey hills, surrounded by middle-aged men throwing each other on to the floor. “When entering the classroom, I was terrified and thought all these men would be shocked by an old woman walking in,” she says. “The teacher encouraged me to stay and I realized they were all kind and curious about me being there. That was my first experience of learning aikido.” At 59, Warrack, who had recently handed in her resignation, began reading up on mindfulness practices. “The more I looked into mindfulness, the more aikido kept coming up,” she says. “These books were recommending it as a way to connect the mind, body and spirit.” Attracted by the idea, Warrack found a local class where she could take a beginners’ session. Despite her struggles, Warrack kept returning. While her husband and two children were supportive, they weren’t tempted to join in. “They just thought: Mum’s off on one again,” she says. Warrack carried on and, after two years of practice, she began moving up the graded system of belt rankings and noticing a change in herself. “Aikido was making me way more confident,” she says, “Since my reactions got quicker, my balance was better and my coordination (协调性) improved, I had a real understanding of my own body and it became a metaphor (比喻) for how to be in life; how to avoid attack without hurting the other person.” By January 2019, Warrack was determined to achieve her black belt and began training with the only other person in her class who was at the same level as her: a 181cm police officer. “It was a very odd pairing. Not least because he’s so strong and so I had to learn how to use my skills rather than strength against him,” she says. In December 2021, Warrack, at the age of 66, took her black belt test. For 20 minutes, she had to defend her position against attackers one after another before facing the final randori, where four people attack at once. “One guy kicked me and split my lip,” she laughs. “It made me so angry, but that’s what I needed to keep going.” She passed, making her one of the oldest people to achieve an aikido black belt in the UK. 24. How did Morag Warrack feel when she first entered the aikido classroom? A. Curious. B. Disappointed. C. Confident. D. Frightened. 25. After two years of practice, Warrack ________. A. grew more patient B. turned into a better self C. realized her full potential D. became aware of her weakness 26. In order to achieve her black belt, Warrack had to ________. A. polish her skills further B. improve her coordination C. avoid hurting the attackers D. seek support from her family 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. With age comes wisdom. B. The greatest wealth is health. C. It’s always a good time to learn. D. Compete with honor and win with grace. 【答案】24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名叫Morag Warrack的66岁女性，在退休后开始练习Aikido，并最终在2021年获得了黑带资格，成为英国达到该级别年龄最大的女性之一。她的经历表现了Aikido不仅对身体有好处，还能增强信心和自我意识，她在练习中克服了困难和挑战，展示了坚韧和毅力。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ “When entering the classroom, I was terrified and thought all these men would be shocked by an old woman walking in,” she says. (她说：“当我走进教室时，我吓坏了，我想所有这些男人都会被一个老妇人走进来吓一跳。”)” 可知，Morag Warrack在文章中提到当她第一次进入Aikido教室时，她感到害怕，并认为所有的男人都会对一个老太太的进入感到震惊。因此，她第一次进入空手道教室时的感受是害怕，故选D。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。第三段中“Warrack carried on and, after two years of practice, she began moving up the graded system of belt rankings and noticing a change in herself. “Aikido was making me way more confident,” she says, “Since my reactions got quicker, my balance was better and my coordination (协调性) improved, I had a real understanding of my own body and it became a metaphor (比喻) for how to be in life; how to avoid attack without hurting the other person.”(Warrack继续练习，在两年训练后，她开始在腰带等级制度中升级，并注意到自己发生了变化。她说：“Aikido让我变得更加自信，因为我的反应更快了，平衡感更好，协调性也提高了，我真正理解了自己的身体，它成为了一个生活的隐喻，即如何在避免伤害他人的同时避免受到攻击。”)”可知，经过两年的练习，Warrack在腰带等级制度中开始上升，并且注意到了自己的变化。她变得更加自信，反应更快，平衡更好，协调性也提高了。这表明她成为了一个更好的自己。故选B。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“By January 2019, Warrack was determined to achieve her black belt and began training with the only other person in her class who was at the same level as her: a 181cm police officer. (到2019年1月，Warrack决心达到黑带水平，并开始和班里唯一一个和她水平相同的人一起训练：一个身高181cm的警察。)”可知，她在2019年决定获得黑带，并开始与班上唯一一个和她水平一样的人（一位181厘米的警察）一起训练。这表示她需要更深入地磨练自己的技能以达到黑带的水平。选A. 【27题详解】 推理判断题。文章中讲述了Morag Warrack在退休后开始学习Aikido，并成功获得了黑带的故事。这表明无论何时学习都是一件好事，因此C选项“It’s always a good time to learn.(无论何时去学习都是好的。)”符合文章的主旨。故选C。 C Most people will learn one or two languages in their lives, but Vaughn Smith speaks 24 languages, a hyperpolyglot— a rare individual who speaks more than 10 languages. However, scientists have largely ignored what’s going on inside the brains of polyglots—people who speak more than five languages— says Evelina Fedorenko, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She adds,“ That’s partly because they account for only 1% of people globally, making it difficult to find enough participants for research.” In a new study led by Fedorenko, researchers looked inside the minds of polyglots like Smith to reveal how language-specific regions in their brains respond to hearing different languages. “This study will contribute to our understanding of how our brain learns languages,” she says. To gain insights into how polyglots process five or more languages, Fedorenko’s team scanned the brains of 25 polyglots. They used a brain imaging technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measures blood flow in the brain, to map out these language networks. Inside the fMRI machine, the polyglots listened to a series of 16-second-long recordings in one of eight different languages. The eight languages included each participant’s native language, three others they learned later in life, and four unfamiliar languages. Two of the unfamiliar languages were closely related to the participant’s native language—for instance, Spanish for a native Italian speaker. The other two unfamiliar languages came from unrelated language families. The researchers found that when participants heard any of the eight languages, blood always rushed to the same brain regions. In other words, the participants’ brains appeared to use the same basic network as monolinguals (单语言者) to try to understand the sounds, regardless of which language they heard. Moreover, the activity in the brain’s language networks changed based on how well participants understood a language. The more familiar the language, the larger the response. Brain activity particularly was invigorated when participants heard unfamiliar languages that were closely related to ones they knew well. This might have happened as brain areas worked overtime to puzzle out the meanings based on similarities between the languages. There was one exception to the rule: When participants heard their native tongue, their language networks were actually quieter than when they heard other familiar languages. This trend held even when participants were fluent in their other familiar languages. That could be so because expertise reduces the amount of brain power needed for a task, the researchers note. While this study casts light on multilinguists’ brain activity, there are still unanswered questions. Notably, future research hopes to study people who learned multiple languages from infancy (婴儿期). Nevertheless, “this study could one day lead to better tools to help people relearn languages more easily after a stroke or brain damage.” Fedorenko says. 28. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To present a latest brain theory. B. To stress the significance of the study. C. To explain the research method. D. To provide the definitions of two terms. 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. The brain processes native languages with much effort. B. Blood flow in the brain is unrelated to language familiarity. C. The brain uses the same areas to process multiple languages. D. Effective treatments for language disorders have been discovered. 30. What does the word “invigorated” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Evaluated. B. Activated. C. Affected. D. Reduced. 31. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Impact of Language Familiarity on Brain B. Challenges in Studying Language Geniuses C. Secrets of Language Processing in Polyglots D. Edge of fMRI in Revealing Language Processing 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C 【解析】 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章通过介绍一项关于多语言者大脑活动的研究，旨在向公众普及认知神经科学领域的最新发现，解释多语言者如何处理和理解不同语言的科学原理，以及这项研究对理解大脑语言学习机制的贡献。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Most people will learn one or two languages in their lives, but Vaughn Smith speaks 24 languages, a hyperpolyglot— a rare individual who speaks more than 10 languages. However, scientists have largely ignored what’s going on inside the brains of polyglots—people who speak more than five languages— says Evelina Fedorenko, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She adds,“ That’s partly because they account for only 1% of people globally, making it difficult to find enough participants for research.” In a new study led by Fedorenko, researchers looked inside the minds of polyglots like Smith to reveal how language-specific regions in their brains respond to hearing different languages. “This study will contribute to our understanding of how our brain learns languages,” she says. (大多数人在一生中会学习一到两种语言，但沃恩·史密斯会说24种语言，他是一个精通多种语言的人——很少有人会说10种以上的语言。麻省理工学院的认知神经科学家Evelina Fedorenko说，然而，科学家们在很大程度上忽视了多语言者——会说五种以上语言的人——大脑内部发生的事情。她补充说：“部分原因是他们只占全球人口的1%，因此很难找到足够的参与者进行研究。”在费多连科领导的一项新研究中，研究人员观察了像史密斯这样的通晓多种语言的人的大脑内部，以揭示他们大脑中特定语言区域对听到不同语言的反应。她说：“这项研究将有助于我们理解大脑是如何学习语言的。”)”可知，它首先提到了多数人只会学习一到两种语言，然后介绍了超多语言者Vaughn Smith的情况，并指出科学家们对于这类人群大脑内部运作情况的研究很少，最后通过Evelina Fedorenko的话强调了新研究将有助于我们理解大脑是如何学习语言的。因此，第一段的主要目的是强调这项研究的意义。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第三段中“The researchers found that when participants heard any of the eight languages, blood always rushed to the same brain regions. (研究人员发现，当参与者听到八种语言中的任何一种时，血液总是涌向相同的大脑区域。)”可知，无论听到哪一种语言，参与者的大脑总是有血液涌向相同的区域，即大脑使用相同的区域来处理多种语言。故选C。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“Moreover, the activity in the brain’s language networks changed based on how well participants understood a language. The more familiar the language, the larger the response. (此外，大脑语言网络的活动根据参与者对语言的理解程度而变化。语言越熟悉，反应就越大。)”和“when participants heard unfamiliar languages that were closely related to ones they knew well. (当参与者听到与他们熟悉的语言密切相关的不熟悉的语言时)”可知，当参与者听到与他们熟悉的语言密切相关的陌生语言时，他们的大脑活动尤其活跃。因此，invigorated在此处意为“激活”。A. Evaluated评估；B. Activated激活；C. Affected影响；D. Reduced减少。故选B。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“ In a new study led by Fedorenko, researchers looked inside the minds of polyglots like Smith to reveal how language-specific regions in their brains respond to hearing different languages. “This study will contribute to our understanding of how our brain learns languages,” she says. (在费多连科领导的一项新研究中，研究人员观察了像史密斯这样的通晓多种语言的人的大脑内部，以揭示他们大脑中特定语言区域对听到不同语言的反应。她说：“这项研究将有助于我们理解大脑是如何学习语言的。”)”可知，文章主要通过研究，揭示了多语言者处理多种语言的秘密。因此，最合适的标题是“Secrets of Language Processing in Polyglots (多语言者语言处理的秘密)”。故选C。 D A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology” Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency; some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence (AI). In various conversations, it seems to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? In recent years, we’ve seen important papers written by well-known scientists and published in influential journals were retracted (召回) because of questionable data or methods. In one notable case, Frances H. Arnold, who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate (复制) her results — but after the paper had been published. In an open apology, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did not do my job well”. Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question; Are scholars at super competitive places such as Harvard, Stanford and Yale rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right? It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of “rushing”. But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under enormous pressure to produce results—and a lot of them—quickly. Formal research assessments have for years judged academic departments largely on the output quantity. The existing system has led to reduced motivation for excellence and innovation in academic research. A recent reform by academics within the field has urged for quality over quantity. Good science takes time. More than 50 years passed between the 1543 publication of Copernicus’s magnum opus (天体运行论), and the broad scientific acceptance of the heliocentric model of the universe. Nearly a century passed between biochemist Friedrich Miescher’s identification of the DNA and the clarification of its double-helix structure in the 1950s. And it took just about half a century for geologists and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental movement. Scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at over seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Another study found 265 academic authors—two thirds of whom were in the medical and life sciences—who published a paper every five days on average. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down—not speed up—if we are to produce trustworthy knowledge. 32. The author gives an example of Frances H. Arnold to show that ______. A. academic fields value honesty B. scientists lack time for research C. scholars tend to publish papers in a hurry D. laboratories fail to replicate scientific results 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. AI and climate issues block research progress. B. Defining “rushing” boosts academic productivity. C. Identifying DNA is easier than clarifying its structure. D. Scholars have acknowledged the problem with academic evaluation. 34. According to the passage, what is the author’s opinion on scientific research? A. Research credibility is a top priority in science. B. More publications enhance researchers’ reputation. C. Studies in medical and life sciences are satisfactory. D. Co-authorship needs to be cancelled for reliable research. 【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question; Are scholars at super competitive places such as Harvard, Stanford and Yale rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right?(Arnold的诚实令人钦佩，但这也引发了一个问题；哈佛、斯坦福和耶鲁等竞争激烈的大学的学者们是不是急于发表论文，而不是花时间做好自己的工作？)”可知，作者以Frances H. Arnold为例，说明学者往往急于发表论文。故选C。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Formal research assessments have for years judged academic departments largely on the output quantity. The existing system has led to reduced motivation for excellence and innovation in academic research. A recent reform by academics within the field has urged for quality over quantity.(多年来，正式的研究评估主要是根据产出数量来判断学术部门。现有的体制导致学术研究追求卓越和创新的动力减弱。该领域的学者最近进行了一项改革，呼吁重质轻量)”可知，学者们已经承认了学术评估的问题。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down—not speed up—if we are to produce trustworthy knowledge.(这一增长部分是由更多的科学家和更多的论文合著者推动的，但这些数字也表明，研究界更看重数量而不是质量。如果我们想要获得值得信赖的知识，研究人员可能需要放慢速度，而不是加快速度)”可知，作者对科学研究的看法是研究可信度是科学领域的头等大事。故选A。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier. ____35____ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study. ____36____ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others? Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ____37____ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships. Unlike a conscience(良心), this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ____38____ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.” One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. ____39____ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others. A. However, the work doesn’t stop there. B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments. C. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down. D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden. E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person. 【答案】35. G 36. E 37. C 38. F 39. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了善良在一个人的幸福中起着重要作用时，这听起来并不是一个大惊喜。然而令人惊讶的却是，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。这是因为一种“内心批判”在促使人们贬低自己对他人产生的价值。要摒弃掉自我内心批判，同时看到对他人的积极影响，能够做到这一点的程度将有助于决定我们自己的幸福以及我们在他人身上点燃的幸福。 【35题详解】 设空句为该段主旨句，后文内容时对其具体的解释。根据后文“‘From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,’ states a study.(一项研究称：“从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物，那些表现出善意的人总是低估了接受者的积极感受，认为他们的行为没有接受者想象的那么有价值。”)”可知，该部分强调表现善意的人低估了自己的行为对他人的影响。选项G“Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person.(然而，人们可能并不真正知道哪怕是最小的善举也会对另一个人产生什么影响。)”在句意上贴合该段主旨，“even the smallest of kind acts(甚至是最小的善举)”对应后文的“From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab(从在公园里送一杯热巧克力到在实验室里送一份礼物)”。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据后文“Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others?(然而，为什么我们认为某人会从善意行为中感受到的与他们的真实感受之间存在差异？为什么我们低估了我们对他人的影响？)”提出了一系列的疑问并结合上文内容可推知，设空句应是一个结论句，且上文内容有关，应包含关键词“underestimate(低估，看轻)”含义。选项E“This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others.(这种误解表明，人们贬低自己与他人的关系。)”中主语“This misunderstanding”指代上一段内容，在句意上是针对上文得出的结论，且“devalue”对应“underestimate”，符合词汇复现原则。故选E项。 【37题详解】 根据后文“This ‘voice’ tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships.(这种“声音”倾向于将我们的注意力转移到评估我们的一举一动，并对我们的关系产生不良影响。) ”为第二次提出这种“声音”，说明设空句应是首次提到这种“声音”，且是一种产生消极影响的声音。选项C“We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down.(我们都有一种“批判的内心声音”，这种声音往往会让我们失望。)”提出了名词“批判的内心声音”，符合分析。故选C项。 【38题详解】 根据前文“Unlike a conscience, this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior.(与良心不同，这种内心的批评不会激发积极的行为。)”提出了“内心批判”是消极的，由此可推知，设空句应进一步强调其消极性的具体影响，同时包含话题“贬低自己的影响”。选项F“Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. (相反，它使我们与自己作对，使我们低估了自己对他人的有益影响。)”讲到了内心批判对自己和对他人具体消极影响，且“Instead”与前文构成反义转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选F项。 【39题详解】 根据前文“One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others.(对抗我们批判内心声音的一个好方法是善待他人。)”提到了一个抵制内心批判的方式，后文“We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect.(我们还必须努力通过我们所影响的人的眼睛来看待自己。)”则提到了下一个步骤，由此可推知，设空句应是转折句，说明不仅仅有第一步，以承接后文。选项A“However, the work doesn’t stop there.(然而，这项工作并不止于此。)”为转折句，“the work”呼应前文内容，在句意上承接后文。故选A项。 第三节 书面表达(共2小题，共32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分， 共12分)。 阅读表达 As a researcher in the behavior of older adults, I regularly hear complaints from them like, “I’m just not part of this world anymore. In certain parts of society, I just can’t join… Some things just are not possible if you are not in the flow of the Internet.” or “We feel like we’re standing outside a building that we have no access to.” Today, mastering digital technology has become a key component of what it means to fully participate in society. But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide. As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device. In contrast to concerns about technology use increasing isolation (孤立；隔离) among younger populations, the communication and connection possible online can be especially valuable for older adults who are homebound, live far away from family, or have lost the loved ones. Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, even if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could. For older adults in particular, the risks associated with social isolation are profound. Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them. The importance of digital inclusion is not going to disappear with the generational changes of the coming decades. Technology is continuously developing, and with each new digital innovation come challenges for even younger adults to adapt. 40. What prevents some older adults from connecting with society? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What can older adults do using online tools? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Please briefly present your opinion on digital inclusion (数字包容). (about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. The digital divide. 41. To connect with friends and family. And they can engage with the outside world. 42. Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline. According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them. 43. Digital inclusion is crucial for older adults to bridge social gaps, reduce loneliness, and improve their quality of life, requiring societal support and training. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了老年人因数字鸿沟难以融入社会的问题，指出掌握数字技术的重要性，阐述在线工具对老年人社交和接触外界的帮助，分析社会孤立对老年人的风险，强调数字包容的必要性及未来挑战。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide.(但有一个领域尤其可能阻碍一些老年人建立联系：数字鸿沟)”可知，阻碍老年人融入社会的关键因素是数字鸿沟。故填The digital divide. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, even if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could.(老年人可以使用在线工具通过消息平台、视频聊天和社交媒体与朋友和家人联系，即使他们不能再亲自去看望他们。他们可以通过新闻、博客、流媒体平台和电子邮件与外部世界接触，即使他们不再像以前那样轻松活动)”可知，老年人可以使用在线工具与朋友和家人联系，与外界接触。故填To connect with friends and family and engage with the outside world. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks(技术可以作为帮助降低这些风险的重要工具)可知，数字包容能 “降低” 抑郁和功能衰退的风险，而非 “恢复（recover from）”。原句中 “recover from” 与原文逻辑不符。故填Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline. According to the passage, enabling older adults to access the digital world can help reduce the risks of depression and functional decline rather than recover from them. 【43题详解】 考查开放性试题。结合全文主旨，数字包容通过帮助老年人克服数字鸿沟，减少孤独感，从而提升生活质量，且需要社会提供支持和培训。故填Digital inclusion is crucial for older adults to bridge social gaps, reduce loneliness, and improve their quality of life, requiring societal support and training. 第二节 作文(20分) 44. 假设你是李华，是红星中学的高二学生。你得知故宫正在招募暑期义务英文讲解员(docent)，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 介绍你的基本信息；2. 说明你的优势；3. 表示你希望被录用。 Dear Madam/Sir, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, LiHua 【答案】Dear Madam/Sir, I am writing to apply for the opportunity to be the voluntary English guide during the course of the Summer Vacation. Here are some reasons which I considered to make me stand out. I am a Senior-3 student from the Hongxing High School, dreaming to be a translator in the future. Having participated in every English speech competition of our school, I improved my oral English a lot. In addition, what is a great plus to me is that I scored 117 in TOEFL, indicating my incredible sense of English. It is also equally important that I am a local Beijing boy and I visit the Forbidden City each summer, appreciating the scenery as well as learning about it. I would appreciate it if you could consider favorably of my application and grant me at your convenience. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours, LiHua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，申请成为故宫暑期义务英文讲解员。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：participate in→join in 比赛：competition→contest 此外：in addition→what’s more 本地人：local→native 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Having participated in every English speech competition of our school, I improved my oral English a lot. 拓展句：I participated in every English speech competition of our school so that I have improved my oral English a lot 【点睛】【高分句型1】Here are some reasons which I considered to make me stand out.（运用了which引导的定语从句） 【高分句型2】In addition, what is a great plus to me is that I scored 117 in TOEFL, indicating my incredible sense of English.（运用了what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句） 【高分句型3】It is also equally important that I am a local Beijing boy and I visit the Forbidden City each summer, appreciating the scenery as well as learning about it.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025北京九中高二(下)期中 英语 2025.5 (考试时间 90分钟 满分100分) 第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分) 第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Olivia, 9, was shy at first. She’d never been on a horse before. So when she was asked to feed carrots to the reddish-brown horse named Charlie on a summer Saturday, she approached ____1____ , unsure of herself at times, turning around to a group of children waiting for their turn to feed him. Olivia eventually made it to the horse’s mouth and Charlie licked (舔) her hands as she____2____ him his favorite treat Olivia was amused. “That’s what I call a(an) ____3____,” said Sabrina, a social worker who has teamed up with the community organization Alkebu-lan Village to help children overcome their problems and keep them on paths to____4____. “I’m excited,” Olivia said smiling. “I love petting him.” The program “Stop Horsing Around” at Alkebu-lan Village was launched this summer with over a dozen kids signing up. They were taught how to approach, feed, brush, and mount the horses____5____ eventually they got a chance to ride them. By____6____ the program’s horses with Sabrina’s help and forming____7____ with them, children become more self-aware and then begin to recognize and face negative feelings and behaviors, which can help them communicate with others and lead to significant positive changes to their____8____ skills, self-worth and behavior issues. Sabrina first taught the children that Charlie needed to become____9____ with them by smelling their hands. Once Charlie was comfortable, the kids learned how to pet his face and head, and then how to use the lead rope, clean up Charlie’s messes, and feed him carrots. Olivia wasn’t the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning. But ultimately Olivia also wasn’t the only kid to leave more confident. Their____10____ consistently turned into smiles, laughter and excitement. 1. A. happily B. calmly C. slowly D. directly 2. A. fed B. left C. made D. threw 3. A. award B. exchange C. negotiation D. breakthrough 4. A. fame B. success C. responsibility D. freedom 5. A. before B. after C. as D. though 6. A. taking over B. walking with C. caring for D. responding to 7. A. routines B. bonds C. judgements D. ideas 8. A. technical B. survival C. organizational D. social 9. A. popular B. familiar C. satisfied D. patient 10. A. resistance B. disappointment C. misunderstanding D. hesitation 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you”. Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something. Expressing gratitude makes us feel a positive emotion. Over the past thirty years, there____11____ (be) many studies showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person offers us an opportunity____12____ (escape) from negative emotions. Even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and____13____ (satisfied) with life. The more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When I was in Singapore six years ago, I gave a taxi driver a card____14____ a specific address on it and asked him to take me there as quickly as possible. When we had almost reached the destination, he circled around the block. His meter read $11, but he took only $10. He explained that he wasn’t so familiar with this area. Before getting out of the taxi, I ____15____ (tell) that the ride with the taxi driver is always an important experience____16____ creates the first impression about this country for a person. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When were you born? For most people, this is an easy question. Even those who don’t know their exact birthday can usually figure out when they were born to within a few years. Yet the Internet is full of quizzes____17____ (make) to help you determine in which decade you were born. These are usually based on what____18____ (happen) in American pop culture at the time you first became aware of it. It sounds foolish. But many people, though____19____ (complain) about the stupid quizzes, still take them, wondering ____20____ their answers generate their correct birth year. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re a lover of literature and want to study it further, Harvard’s online courses are a great option! About the Courses The Ancient Greek Hero explores what it means to be human today by studying what it meant to be a hero in ancient Greek times. To achieve this, learners will experience, in English translation, some ancient Greek literature from the 8th century BC to the 3rd century AD. Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang looks at how noble families and their culture and literature contributed to the reunification (重新统一) of China under the Tang Dynasty You’ll also learn how to compose and analyze poetry and calligraphy. Shakespeare’s Life and Work explores relationships between Shakespeare’s world and present day. Through short videos and readings, you will see how the meaning of a work of art changes depending on the time, context, and culture. Masterpieces of World Literature reveals how great writers reflect on their world and how their works are changed in today’s global culture. It helps us understand the deep roots of today’s interconnected global culture. Ways to Take the Courses When you sign up for these courses, you will have the option of auditing (旁听) the course or pursuing an official certificate. In the auditing track, learning is free and self-paced within 18 weeks. Learners have access to part of our course resources. Besides, course videos and handouts are not available for downloading. Please note that this track does not offer an official certificate. Alternatively, learners can pay $299 to pursue an official certificate, which offers unlimited access to course resources within a year. At the end of the course, learners who earn a passing grade can receive a certificate. If you’re interested and want to learn more, click here: https://www.harvardonline.harvard.edu 21. If you want to know how to analyze poetry, you can choose ______. A. The Ancient Greek Hero B. Shakespeare’s Life and Work C. Masterpieces of World Literature D. Noble Culture and the Cosmopolitan Tang 22. In the auditing track, you can ______. A. determine the learning pace B. access handouts for a fee C. earn an official certificate D. download course videos 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise online courses. B. To explore the roots of humanity. C. To compare different cultures. D. To highlight the value of literature. B In 2014, a year into her retirement, Morag Warrack found herself in a village hall in the Surrey hills, surrounded by middle-aged men throwing each other on to the floor. “When entering the classroom, I was terrified and thought all these men would be shocked by an old woman walking in,” she says. “The teacher encouraged me to stay and I realized they were all kind and curious about me being there. That was my first experience of learning aikido.” At 59, Warrack, who had recently handed in her resignation, began reading up on mindfulness practices. “The more I looked into mindfulness, the more aikido kept coming up,” she says. “These books were recommending it as a way to connect the mind, body and spirit.” Attracted by the idea, Warrack found a local class where she could take a beginners’ session. Despite her struggles, Warrack kept returning. While her husband and two children were supportive, they weren’t tempted to join in. “They just thought: Mum’s off on one again,” she says. Warrack carried on and, after two years of practice, she began moving up the graded system of belt rankings and noticing a change in herself. “Aikido was making me way more confident,” she says, “Since my reactions got quicker, my balance was better and my coordination (协调性) improved, I had a real understanding of my own body and it became a metaphor (比喻) for how to be in life; how to avoid attack without hurting the other person.” By January 2019, Warrack was determined to achieve her black belt and began training with the only other person in her class who was at the same level as her: a 181cm police officer. “It was a very odd pairing. Not least because he’s so strong and so I had to learn how to use my skills rather than strength against him,” she says. In December 2021, Warrack, at the age of 66, took her black belt test. For 20 minutes, she had to defend her position against attackers one after another before facing the final randori, where four people attack at once. “One guy kicked me and split my lip,” she laughs. “It made me so angry, but that’s what I needed to keep going.” She passed, making her one of the oldest people to achieve an aikido black belt in the UK. 24. How did Morag Warrack feel when she first entered the aikido classroom? A. Curious. B. Disappointed. C. Confident. D. Frightened. 25. After two years of practice, Warrack ________. A. grew more patient B. turned into a better self C. realized her full potential D. became aware of her weakness 26. In order to achieve her black belt, Warrack had to ________. A. polish her skills further B. improve her coordination C. avoid hurting the attackers D. seek support from her family 27. What can we learn from this passage? A. With age comes wisdom. B. The greatest wealth is health. C. It’s always a good time to learn. D. Compete with honor and win with grace. C Most people will learn one or two languages in their lives, but Vaughn Smith speaks 24 languages, a hyperpolyglot— a rare individual who speaks more than 10 languages. However, scientists have largely ignored what’s going on inside the brains of polyglots—people who speak more than five languages— says Evelina Fedorenko, a cognitive (认知的) neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She adds,“ That’s partly because they account for only 1% of people globally, making it difficult to find enough participants for research.” In a new study led by Fedorenko, researchers looked inside the minds of polyglots like Smith to reveal how language-specific regions in their brains respond to hearing different languages. “This study will contribute to our understanding of how our brain learns languages,” she says. To gain insights into how polyglots process five or more languages, Fedorenko’s team scanned the brains of 25 polyglots. They used a brain imaging technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measures blood flow in the brain, to map out these language networks. Inside the fMRI machine, the polyglots listened to a series of 16-second-long recordings in one of eight different languages. The eight languages included each participant’s native language, three others they learned later in life, and four unfamiliar languages. Two of the unfamiliar languages were closely related to the participant’s native language—for instance, Spanish for a native Italian speaker. The other two unfamiliar languages came from unrelated language families. The researchers found that when participants heard any of the eight languages, blood always rushed to the same brain regions. In other words, the participants’ brains appeared to use the same basic network as monolinguals (单语言者) to try to understand the sounds, regardless of which language they heard. Moreover, the activity in the brain’s language networks changed based on how well participants understood a language. The more familiar the language, the larger the response. Brain activity particularly was invigorated when participants heard unfamiliar languages that were closely related to ones they knew well. This might have happened as brain areas worked overtime to puzzle out the meanings based on similarities between the languages. There was one exception to the rule: When participants heard their native tongue, their language networks were actually quieter than when they heard other familiar languages. This trend held even when participants were fluent in their other familiar languages. That could be so because expertise reduces the amount of brain power needed for a task, the researchers note. While this study casts light on multilinguists’ brain activity, there are still unanswered questions. Notably, future research hopes to study people who learned multiple languages from infancy (婴儿期). Nevertheless, “this study could one day lead to better tools to help people relearn languages more easily after a stroke or brain damage.” Fedorenko says. 28. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To present a latest brain theory. B. To stress the significance of the study. C. To explain the research method. D. To provide the definitions of two terms. 29. What can we learn from the passage? A. The brain processes native languages with much effort. B. Blood flow in the brain is unrelated to language familiarity. C. The brain uses the same areas to process multiple languages. D. Effective treatments for language disorders have been discovered. 30 What does the word “invigorated” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Evaluated. B. Activated. C. Affected. D. Reduced. 31. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Impact of Language Familiarity on Brain B. Challenges in Studying Language Geniuses C. Secrets of Language Processing in Polyglots D. Edge of fMRI in Revealing Language Processing D A theme at this year’s World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Switzerland was the perceived need to “speed up breakthroughs in research and technology” Some of this framing was motivated by the climate emergency; some by the opportunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence (AI). In various conversations, it seems to be taken for granted that to address the world’s problems, scientific research needs to move faster and break things. But what if the thing being broken is science? Or public trust? In recent years, we’ve seen important papers written by well-known scientists and published in influential journals were retracted (召回) because of questionable data or methods. In one notable case, Frances H. Arnold, who shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, voluntarily retracted a paper when her lab was unable to replicate (复制) her results — but after the paper had been published. In an open apology, she stated that she was “a bit busy” when the paper was submitted and “did not do my job well”. Arnold’s honesty is admirable, but it raises a question; Are scholars at super competitive places such as Harvard, Stanford and Yale rushing to publish rather than taking the time to do their work right? It’s impossible to answer this question scientifically because there’s no scientific definition of “rushing”. But there’s little doubt that we live in a culture where academics at leading universities are under enormous pressure to produce results—and a lot of them—quickly. Formal research assessments have for years judged academic departments largely on the output quantity. The existing system has led to reduced motivation for excellence and innovation in academic research. A recent reform by academics within the field has urged for quality over quantity. Good science takes time. More than 50 years passed between the 1543 publication of Copernicus’s magnum opus (天体运行论), and the broad scientific acceptance of the heliocentric model of the universe. Nearly a century passed between biochemist Friedrich Miescher’s identification of the DNA and the clarification of its double-helix structure in the 1950s. And it took just about half a century for geologists and geophysicists to accept geophysicist Alfred Wegener’s idea of continental movement. Scientists and other scholars are pushing results out far faster than they used to. Consider the volume of academic papers being published these days. One recent study put the number at over seven million a year, compared with fewer than a million as recently as 1980. Another study found 265 academic authors—two thirds of whom were in the medical and life sciences—who published a paper every five days on average. Some of this growth is driven by more scientists and more co-authorship of papers, but the numbers also suggest that the research world has prioritized quantity over quality. Researchers may need to slow down—not speed up—if we are to produce trustworthy knowledge. 32. The author gives an example of Frances H. Arnold to show that ______. A. academic fields value honesty B. scientists lack time for research C. scholars tend to publish papers in a hurry D. laboratories fail to replicate scientific results 33. What can be inferred from the passage? A. AI and climate issues block research progress. B. Defining “rushing” boosts academic productivity. C. Identifying DNA is easier than clarifying its structure. D. Scholars have acknowledged the problem with academic evaluation. 34. According to the passage, what is the author’s opinion on scientific research? A. Research credibility is a top priority in science. B. More publications enhance researchers’ reputation. C. Studies in medical and life sciences are satisfactory. D Co-authorship needs to be cancelled for reliable research. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It won’t sound like a big surprise when I tell you that kindness plays an important role in a person’s wellbeing. It can lead to changes like higher self-esteem(自尊心) and lower blood pressure. Even just witnessing acts of kindness can make us happier. ____35____ “From giving away a cup of hot chocolate in a park to giving away a gift in the lab, those performing an act of kindness consistently underestimated how positive their receivers would feel, thinking their act was of less value than receivers perceived it to be,” states a study. ____36____ Yet, why is there this difference between what we think someone will feel from an act of kindness versus what they do feel? Why do we underestimate the impact we have on others? Many of us don’t have a real sense of our value. It’s been estimated that as many as 85 percent of people struggle with low self-esteem. ____37____ This “voice” tends to shift our focus inward assessing our every move, and having bad effect on our relationships. Unlike a conscience(良心) this inner critic doesn’t motivate positive behavior. ____38____ It encourages us to hold back feeding us thoughts like, “Don’t stick your neck out”: “No one wants to hear from you”; and “You’re going to make a fool of yourself.” One wonderful way to fight against our critical inner voice is through acts of being kind to others. ____39____ We must also try to see ourselves through the eyes of the people we affect. The degree to which we’re able to do that will help determine our own happiness along with the happiness we light up in others. A. However, the work doesn’t stop there. B. People may lower the value of their own kind comments. C. We all carry around a “critical inner voice” that tends to put us down. D. Instead of seeing what we have to offer, we may think of ourselves as a burden. E. This misunderstanding suggests that people devalue their own actions in relation to others. F. Instead, it turns us against ourselves, making us underestimate our beneficial effect on others. G. Yet, people may not truly know the impact that even the smallest of kind acts can have on another person. 第三节 书面表达(共2小题，共32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分， 共12分)。 阅读表达 As a researcher in the behavior of older adults, I regularly hear complaints from them like, “I’m just not part of this world anymore. In certain parts of society, I just can’t join… Some things just are not possible if you are not in the flow of the Internet.” or “We feel like we’re standing outside a building that we have no access to.” Today, mastering digital technology has become a key component of what it means to fully participate in society. But one area in particular threatens to prevent some older adults from making connections: the digital divide. As a recent study shows, one-third of adults aged 65 and older say they’ve never used the Internet, and half don’t have Internet access at home. Of those who do use the Internet, nearly half say they need someone else’s help to set up or use a new digital device. In contrast to concerns about technology use increasing isolation (孤立；隔离) among younger populations, the communication and connection possible online can be especially valuable for older adults who are homebound, live far away from family, or have lost the loved ones. Older adults can use online tools to connect with friends and family via messaging platforms, video chat, and social media even if they can no longer physically visit them. And they can engage with the outside world through news, blogs, streaming platforms, and email, even if they are no longer able to move about as easily as they once could. For older adults in particular, the risks associated with social isolation are profound. Loneliness among older adults has been associated with depression, functional decline, and death. Technology can serve as an important tool to help reduce these risks, but only if we provide older adults with the skills they need, to make inclusion in the digital world accessible to them. The importance of digital inclusion is not going to disappear with the generational changes of the coming decades. Technology is continuously developing, and with each new digital innovation come challenges for even younger adults to adapt. 40. What prevents some older adults from connecting with society? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What can older adults do using online tools? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Enabling older adults to access the digital world can help them recover from depression and functional decline. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Please briefly present your opinion on digital inclusion (数字包容). (about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 作文(20分) 44. 假设你是李华，是红星中学的高二学生。你得知故宫正在招募暑期义务英文讲解员(docent)，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括： 1. 介绍你的基本信息；2. 说明你的优势；3. 表示你希望被录用。 Dear Madam/Sir, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, LiHua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$