内容正文:
XB3Unit 5 Poem (words and expressions)
drama /ˈdrɑːmə/ n.戏;剧;戏剧艺术
• dramatic adj.戏剧性的;巨大的 • dramatically adv.戏剧性地;显著地
a dramatic increase/fall暴涨;暴跌; a dramatic difference/change 巨大的差别;巨变
dramatic developments/news 巨大的发展;令人吃惊的消息
•由于新冠疫情,在美国,无家可归者的人数急剧增加了。
Due to the CONVID-19, the number of homeless people in America has increased dramatically.
•互联网极大程度地改变了人们的生活。 The Internet has changed people’s life dramatically.
sorrow /ˈsɒrəʊ/ n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事vi.感到悲伤
• sorrowful adj.悲伤的 • sorrowfully adv. 悲哀地;悔恨地
to one’s sorrow让某人悲伤的是 one’s sorrow at/over/for sth. 对某事的悲伤
in sorrow 悲哀地 share happiness and sorrow同甘共苦
•听到他的死讯,她表示悲伤。 She expressed her sorrow at the news of his death.
•令我伤心的是,我因缺乏经验而被拒绝了。 To my sorrow, I was turned down for the lack of experience.
imagery/ˈɪmɪdʒəri/ n.形象的描述;意象;像
• image n.形象,印象 • imagine v.想象,猜想,臆断 • imagination n.想象力 • imaginary adj.虚构的,假想的
poetic imagery 诗的意象satellite imagery 卫星影像a vivid/fertile imagination 生动/丰富的想象
•诗中的意象都是从现实生活中提取的。 The imagery is drawn from the actual life.
•闭上眼睛,想象自己在森林里。 Close your eyes and imagine you are in a forest.
literary /ˈlɪtərəri/adj.文学的;爱好文学的;有文学作品特征的
• literature n.文学 • literate adj.有文化的 • literal adj.逐字的;字面上的 • literally adv.字面上;真正地 • literacy n.读写能力;识字
a literary man 文人 a literary theory/prize/film 文学理论;文学奖;文艺片
literary device 文学手法
•是乔叟使英语真正变成了文学语言。
It was Chaucer who really turned English into a literary language.
folk /fəʊk/ adj.民间的;民俗的;普通百姓的 • fork n.叉;餐叉
folk tales 民间故事;民间传说 folk music/art 民俗音乐;民间艺术 a folk museum 民俗博物馆 folk custom 民间习俗 ordinary working-class folk 普通劳动大众
• 大蒜广泛应用于中国民间医药。 Garlic is widely used in Chinese folk medicine.
recite/rɪˈsaɪt/ vt.背诵;吟诵;列举 • recitation n.朗诵
recitation contest 朗诵比赛 recite sth to sb对……背诵/朗诵
•每个孩子都得在班上背诵一首诗。 Each child had to recite a poem to the class.
dawn /dɔːn/ n.黎明;开端;萌芽
at dawn 在黎明时刻,拂晓 at dusk 在黄昏 the dawn of civilization/history 文明/历史的开端
amateur /ˈæmətə(r)/ n.业余爱好者 adj.业余的;业余爱好的
• 反:professional adj.专业的 n.专业人士 • layperson n.外行;非专业人士;门外汉 • rookie n.菜鸟;新手
an amateur photographer 业余摄影爱好者 amateur athletics 业余体育运动
• 这次锦标赛业余选手和专业选手均可参加。
The tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals.
• 他获得业余赛冠军后就转为职业运动员了。
After he won the amateur championship, he turned professional.
be made up of 由…组成(构成)
=consist of (无被动)/ be comprised of/ be composed of
be made of 由……制成(能看出原材料) be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料) make up 编造;虚构;组成;化妆;和解 make up for补偿;弥补 make up one’s mind to do sth 下决心做某事 make out 辨认出;看出;理解,明白(事理)
• 这个队由7位成员组成。 The team consists of 7 members.=Team is made up of 7 members.
mood /muːd/ n.情绪;心情;语气 • moody adj.情绪多变的;脾气坏的 • moodily adv.易生气地
be in a good/bad mood 心情好/坏 be in the mood for sth./to do 有做某事的心情
be in no mood for sth./to do sth. 没有心情做某事
• 喜怒无常的人很难打交道。 Moody people are very difficult to deal with.
• 我没有心情长时间讨论这个问题。 I am not in the mood for a long discussion about the problem.
tease /tiːz/ vi.&vt.取笑(某人);揶揄;逗弄 • teaser n.难题;棘手的问题
tease sb. about...拿……开某人的玩笑 tease out 梳理(毛发);探讨;深入研究 laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 make fun of sb.愚弄某人 play jokes on sb.开某人的玩笑 play tricks on sb.捉弄某人
•老师帮助他们弄清楚那首诗的意思。 The teacher helped them tease out the meaning of the poem.
respectively /rɪˈspektɪvli/ adv.分别;各自;依次为
• respective adj.分别的;各自的 • respected adj. 受人尊敬的 • respectful adj. 表示敬意的,恭敬的 • respectable adj. 值得尊敬的,可敬的
be respectful of 尊重……
• 教授值得尊敬,我们都很尊敬他。 The professor is respectable and we are all respectful of him.
• 他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。 They are each recognized specialists in their respective fields.
await /əˈweɪt/ vt.等候;期待;将发生在
await sb./sth. 等待/期待某人/事 wait for sb./sth. 等待,期待 wait to do sth. 等待做某事
• 她待在窗前等他回来。 She stationed herself at the window to await his return.
revolve /rɪˈvɒlv/ vi.旋转;环绕;转动 • revolution n.旋转;革命 • evolve / ɪˈvɒlv / v.进化
utter/ˈʌtə(r)/ vt.出声;说;讲 adj.完全的;十足的;彻底的 • utterly adv.完全地;彻底地 • utterance n.说话;言论 utter a cry 发出喊叫声 utter a sigh 叹气
• 他忍住了怒火,一句话也没说。 He held back his anger without uttering a single word.
• 她根本没有说服他们。 She utterly failed to convince them.
comprehension /ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn/n.理解力;领悟力;理解练习
• comprehend v.理解 • comprehensive adj.全部的;综合的
beyond comprehension 无法理解;不可思议 a reading comprehension 阅读理解练习 comprehensive quality 综合素质 a comprehensive study 全面的研究 comprehensive school 综合中学
• 他的行为令人完全无法理解。 His behaviour was completely beyond comprehension.
core /kɔː/ n.核心;精髓;(水果的)核儿
to the core极度地;直至核心;十足 at the core of 处于……的中心;成为……的核心 the earth’s core 地核 the core of the argument 争论的核心 Socialist Core Values 社会主义核心价值观
•我们需要关注核心业务。 We need to concentrate on our core business.
blank /blæŋk/adj.空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的 n.空白;空格
a blank sheet 一张白纸 a blank expression 木然的表情 go blank (头脑)突然一片空白 look blank 茫然若失
• 在下面的空白处签名。 Sign your name in the blank space below.
• 我的脑子突然一片空白。 Suddenly my mind went blank.
civilian /səˈvɪliən/ n.平民;老百姓
• civil adj.公民的,国民的 • civilize v. 教化;使文明 • civilization n.文明
a civil court民事法庭 modern civilization现代文明
the civilization of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊和古罗马文明
•他从军队退役了,重新过上了平民百姓的生活。 He left the army and returned to civilian life.
sympathetic /ˌsɪmpəˈθetɪk/adj.同情的;有同情心的;赞同的
• sympathetically adv. 怜悯地; 富有同情心地 • sympathetic adj. 同情的; 有同情心的;
• sympathy un. 同情; 赞同 • sympathize v. 同情;赞同;支持
be/feel sympathetic to/towards... 对...同情 show/feel/have/express sympathy for... 对... 同情 in sympathy with /out of sympathy with 赞成/不赞成 out of sympathy 出于同情
•看到她的情况,我立刻对她产生了巨大的同情。
Seeing her conditions, I immediately felt sympathetic for her.
innocence /ˈɪnəsns/ n.天真;单纯;无罪
• innocent adj. 天真无邪的;无辜的 • innocently adv. 天真地;纯洁地
lose one’s innocence 失去天真 be innocent of … 没有……罪 be guilty of… 有……罪
• 这一新证据将证明他们的清白。 This new evidence will prove their innocence.
• 他确信那个男人没有犯任何罪。 He was sure that the man was innocent of any crime.
correspondence /ˌkɒrəˈspɒndəns/ n.来往信件;通信联系
• correspondent n.记者;通讯员 • correspond vi.相一致;符合;相当于;通信
in correspondence with 和……一致; 与... 有通信联系 correspond with/to 与……相符/一致;
correspond with sb. 与某人通信
•你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。 Your account of events does not correspond with her.编辑欢
•迎读者有关任何问题的来信。 The editor welcomes correspondence from readers on any subject.
sow /səʊ/vt.&vi.播种;种 • sow-sowed-sown /səʊn/ or sowed
seed/siːd/n.种子;起源;萌芽
sow the seeds播种 sow the seeds of… 播下……的种子;为……埋下了祸根 sow doubt in sb’s mind 使某人心怀疑虑 sow confusion 制造混乱 you reap what you sow种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆
周围的地里种上了小麦。 The fields around had been sown with wheat.
dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ adj.首要的;占支配地位的;显著的
• domination n.统治 • dominance n. 优势;统治;支配 • dominate vt. 控制;占优势;在……中占主要地位
a dominant position 举足轻重的地位 political/economic dominance 政治/经济上的优势 be dominated by 被……统治 political domination 政治上的统治
• 在这个公司史密斯是非常独断专行的人。 Mr Smith is a dominant person in this company.
deadline /ˈdedlaɪn/ n.最后期限;截止日期
the deadline for sth ……的最后期限 before/ahead of the deadline 在截止日期之前 meet the deadline 赶上最后期限 miss the deadline 错过最后期限
• 交申请书的截止日期是4月30日。 The deadline for application is 30 April.
• 要是这个办法行不通,我们就会赶不上最后期限了。
If the method does not work, we will miss the deadline.
contest /ˈkɒntest/ /kɒnˈtest/ n.比赛;竞赛;竞争 vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等);争辩
• contestant n.参赛者,竞争者 •形近:context n.上下文;语境
a contest between A and B A与B之间的比赛/竞争 a contest for sth. ……的争夺/竞争 enter/ win/ lose a contest 参加/赢得竞赛/竞赛失败 contest against sb. 同某人竞争
•这是一场不公平的竞赛。 It was an uneven contest.
polish /ˈpɒlɪʃ/ vt.修改;润色;抛光 n.上光剂;抛光;擦亮
• polished adj.磨光的;擦亮的 • Polish adj.波兰的n.波兰人;波兰语
• Poland / ˈpəʊlənd/ n.波兰
polish up 擦光;润饰;使完美 polish off 很快做完;很快吃完;杀死 spit and polish 彻底的擦洗
•要定期擦鞋,以保护皮革。 Polish your shoes regularly to protect the leather.
string/strɪŋ/n.细绳;线;一串vt.悬挂;系adj.弦乐器的;线织的 • string-strung-strung
a piece/length of string 一根/一段细绳 a string of blows/hits 接二连三的打击/成功have another string/more strings to your bow 有两手准备sting ab along 愚弄某人string out 延长;拖长时间string along (with sb) 跟随;伴随
•他无意跟你离婚,不过是骗着你玩的。 He has no attention of giving you a divorce;she is just stringing you along.
barren /ˈbærən/ adj.贫瘠的;不结果实的
• 同:infertile adj.不肥沃的;不毛的;不结果实的 • fertile / ˈfɜːtaɪl /adj. 肥沃的,富饶的;
a barren desert 不毛的沙漠 a barren landscape 寸草不生的荒凉景色 a barren land 不毛之地
• 那贫瘠的土地无法种植庄稼。 No crops can be grown on this barren land.
• 他祈祷自己不孕不育的妻子有朝一日能有自己的宝宝。 He prayed that this his barren wife would one day have a child. grief /ɡriːf/ n.悲伤;悲痛;伤心事 • grieve v.悲伤;悲痛
come to grief 惨遭失败 give sb grief about/over sth对某人生气/烦恼;指责某人
grieve for/over sb/sth因/为……悲伤
what the eye doesn’t see the heart doesn’t grieve over 眼不见,心不烦
•他们做到了同甘共苦。 They were able to share their common joys and griefs.
complicated /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ adj.复杂的;难懂的
• complicate vt. 使复杂化;使恶化 • complex adj.复杂的,难懂的
a complicated system 复杂的系统 get complicated 变得复杂
• 尽管这一切都很难理解,但我会尽力解释。 It is all very complicated, but I will try to explain.
• 由于丢失了一份重要文件,问题变得复杂了。 The issue got complicated by the fact that a vital document was missing. variation /ˌveəriˈeɪʃn/ n.变化;变体;变奏曲
• vary vi.& vt.变化;变更 • variety n.多种式样 • various adj.各种各样的;多种(类型)的
vary with 随着……变化 vary from…to… 从...到...不等 a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的
• 他由于种种原因辞职了。 He resigned for a variety of/varieties of/various reasons.
racial /ˈreɪʃl/ adj.种族的;人种的
• race n.人种,种族,比赛 • racially adv.人种上;按人种• racialism n.种族主义;种族歧视
• racialist n.种族主义者
deep-rooted racial prejudice 根深蒂固的种族偏见
racial equality 种族平等 racial minorities 少数民族
•种族歧视有时会增加国内的不安。 Racial discrimination sometimes will fuel civil unrest.
prejudice /ˈpredʒʊdɪs/ n.偏见;成见 vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见 prejudiced adj.偏见的;带成见的
have a prejudice against 对……有偏见 prejudice sb. against sth. 使某人对某事产生偏见
without prejudice (to sth) 不损害其他权益;无损合法权利 Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见
• 他因偏见而判断有误。 His judgement was warped by prejudice.
• 律师一直力图使陪审团对她形成偏见。
The lawyers have been trying to prejudice the jury against her.
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