必考语法--介词 知识点讲解及综合练习题2024-2025学年译林版英语七年级下册

介词

知识点总结

         时间介词

1. at表示“某指定时间”，用于具体时间前，也可用于一天中的某段特定时间，如黎明dawn，中午noon/midday，黄昏dusk，午夜midnight，夜晚night

(1) at 8:00 o’clock              

(2) at noon/dawn/dusk/midnight

 

2. in表示“在一段时间内或一天内的部分时间”，用于某年，某月，某年某月，季节，一段时间或泛指的一天中的上午，下午，傍晚

(1) in 2014                 

(2) in January/February/March

(3) in April, 2022

(4) in spring/summer/autumn/winter

(5) in the morning/afternoon/evening

 

3. on表示“某一天或某一天内的部分时间”，用于星期，某年某月某日，某月某日，节日，具体的某一天或具体日子的上午，下午，晚上等前面

(1) on Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/Saturday/Sunday

(2) on December 27, 2021

(3) on November 22

(4) on Children’s Day/Women’s Day

(5) on Saturday morning, on the night of October 25, 2011

 

        介词at，in，on表示时间时的用法区别：

1. at时间最短，一般表示点时间，<1天

2. in时间范围大，泛指在上午，下午，晚上，>1天

3. on指在某一天或某一天的上午，下午，晚上，=1天

 

 

         方位介词

1. on

介词on表示“在某物之上”的意思，它通常表示一个物体在另一个物体表面的上面。两者之间有接触

Your book is on the desk.                There is a ball on the floor.

        above和over的区别

on指有接触面的上面，但是over和above都是没有接触面的上方

over“在……正上方”，与under相对

There is a bridge over the river.           The picture is hanging over the blackboard.

above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，不一定是正上方，与below相对

A plane flew above our heads.            The Turners live above us.

        on和to的区别

on表示毗邻，接壤（是相邻关系）

Canada lies on the north of America.

to主要表示“在……范围外”，强调不接壤，不相邻

Japan is to the east of China.

 

2. in

介词in表示“在某物的里面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间或者在某个范围之内

Your pen is in the pencil case.            She is the tallest in her class.

 

3. under

介词under表示“在某物的下面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的垂直正下面，两者之间没有接触

My bike is under the tree.               The shoes are under the chair.

        under和below 的区别

under表示“在……之下”，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在……上方”相对应

There is a book under the table.          A cat is sitting under the table. 

below表示“在……之下”，“在……的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方

He is below the average at school.               I looked down at the hall below.

 

4. behind

介词behind表示“在某物的后面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的后面

Your brother is behind the tree.                 She is standing behind her mother.

 

5. next to

next to是由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边”的意思

The table is next to the wall.

 

6. between

介词between表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间，通常表示一个人、物处于另外两个人、物之间

Your desk is between the door and the window.         Lily sits between Mary and Ann.

        between和among/ in the middle of的区别  

between指两者之间，among/ in the middle of指三者或三者以上的人或物之间

The teacher is among the students.

 

7. outside

outside指“在……外面”

There are many people outside the room.             What did you see outside the hall?

 

8. near

near在……附近，与far相对

A hospital is near the railway station.                My home is near the school.

 

9. in front of,  in the front of

in front of在……前面，in the front of表示“在……前部”，指内部的前面

A river flows in front of the house.                 There is a boy in the front of the car.

 

10. around

around在……周围，围绕

There are many trees around the village.            There are flowers around the stage.

 

练习题

一、选择：

(   ) 1. Michael Jordan is a great American basketball player. He was born        1963.

     A. on       B. at        C. in        D. for

(   ) 2. My mother’s birthday is        June 15.

     A. on       B. at        C. in       D. for

(   ) 3. Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays        zero.

     A. up       B. down        C. above        D. below

(   ) 4. -Where is my schoolbag, Mum? I can’t find it. -Oh, I put it        the door just now.