Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 单元重点词汇讲解 课件 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Words and expressions(1) 按课本单词表顺序 adversity [ ədˈvɜːsəti ] n. 困境；逆境 pl. adversities He remained hopeful in adversity /in the face of adversity. face/deal with adversity with courage overcome/meet with many personal adversities 走出/遭遇逆境 in a dilemma 处于窘境/困境中 in trouble 在麻烦中 in need 在危难/贫困中 in difficulty/difficulties 在困难中 勇敢面对困境 in adversity 在困境中 bitter [ ˈbɪtə(r)] adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的 1.味苦的；辛酸的;痛苦的 Good medicine is bitter in the mouth. a bitter taste bitter tears weep bitter tears(=weep bitterly) 2.激烈的 a bitter dispute/battle/struggle 3.充满仇恨(怨恨)的 be bitter about ... 4.严寒的 the bitter cold a bitter wind It is is bitterly/freezing cold. bitterly adv痛苦地;愤恨地;极其 bitterness [U] 苦味; 痛苦; 悲痛; 酷烈 良药苦口 辛酸的眼泪 对...愤愤不平 严寒 一股寒风 天气寒冷刺骨。 苦味 激烈的争论/战斗/挣扎 流出痛苦的泪水（哭得很伤心） ①The medicine tastes rather bitter. ② It's been bitterly cold here in Moscow. ③ The bitter quarrels have finally ended their relationship. ④She is very bitter about losing her job. ① 味苦的 ② 严寒的 ③激烈的 ④愤恨的 4 expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn] n. 探险；远征；探险队 [C] 探险（队），远征（队），考察（队）(to sth/to do sth) join / take part in / send / lead an expedition be on/plan/make/go on an expedition [C] 短途出行(=trip) go on a shopping/shipping expedition 外出购物、钓鱼 派遣、率领、参加一支探险队 （正在、计划）去（南极）进行探险、考察 endurance [ ɪnˈdjʊərəns ] n. 忍耐力；耐久力 endurance [U] 忍耐力；耐久力 endure vt. 忍受, 忍耐= endure sth./doing sth./ to do sth. The marathon is a test of endurance. =The marathon tests endurance. (be) beyond endurance increase one’s endurance bear/tolerate/stand 无法忍受 增加某人的耐力 vigour / vigor [ ˈvɪɡə(r) ] n. 精力；力量；活力 with vigor (energy, enthusiasm and determination) vigour/vigor [U] 精力；力量；活力 vigorous [ˈvɪɡərəs] adj. 精力充沛的; 充满活力的; 强健的 vigorously adv. 精神旺盛地; 活泼地 be full of energy/vigour 精力充沛= be energetic, be dynamic=be vigorous 精力旺盛地 turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) turn down turn up出现;露面;调大 turn on打开,发动 turn off关掉，关闭;拐弯,使转变方向 turn in交上;归还;拐入;告发; turn into... 变成;进入 turn out (to be)...结果是;原来是 turn over移交给;翻阅;把..翻过来;发动;营业额达到;反复考虑turn away避开;解雇;不准..入内;走开;转过脸 turn (a)round转身，转向;归航;回车道;转变 by turns轮流;交替 in turn轮流，依次 turn (sb/sth) back （使）原路返回，折返；挡回 拒绝(提议、建议或提议人);调低,关小 1. Turning the car __________, he headed home. 2. It was late afternoon _________ we finally decided it was time to turn _______. around when/that back 3. If you turn _____ Page 40, you will find it. 4. While in trouble, you can turn _______ her for help. 5. He didn’t turn ______ at the meeting until half past ten. 6. Your father is working, so please turn _______ the TV a little. 7. Now you must turn ________ your radio and go to bed at once. off to to up down She turned her car round and drove off in the opposite direction. qualified adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等) (1) be qualified for sth. 具有做某事的资格，知识或技能 be/feel qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 (2)qualify vt. 使具有资格；证明…合格 vi. 取得资格；有资格 qualify for sth. 有权；使用权(做某事) qualify as … 取得……资格；作为……合适 qualify sb. for sth. 使某人具备做某事的资格 (3)qualification n. 资格；资历；学历 have the qualifications for 有资格做某事 单句语法填空 (1)All the colleagues consider him to be a very ________ (qualify) teacher in this school. (2)Many people think Mr Li is quite qualified ________ (be) headmaster of this school. (3)She graduated from a university and I think she is qualified ________ this position. (4)Mrs Wang has taken a certificate and she qualifies ________ a bus driver. (5)His wife has the ___________ (qualify) for lawyer, but she is now working in a company. qualified　 to be　 for as qualifications enthusiastic [ ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk ]: adj. 热情的；热心的 enthusiastically adv热情地;热心地 enthusiasm n.热情，热忱；热衷的活动，热爱的事物 be enthusiastic about ... 对...充满热情 充满热情 be full of enthusiasm enthusiast [C] 热心者，爱好者; 拥护者 (for/of) with (great) enthusiasm (=enthusiastically) 满腔热情地 (1)With the help of an enthusiast (enthusiastic),I had no difficulty finding his home. (2)I’m sure the magazine will appeal to you,for you’ve been enthusiastic about sports. (3)Though Jack was lacking in experience,he made up for it in enthusiasm (4)He’s always been very enthusiastic ________ sports. (5)Today, I am just as ________________ (enthusiasm) about my job as the day I first started. (6)Every day, she works ________________ (enthusiastic). about enthusiastic　 enthusiastically assign [əˈsaɪn ]vt. 分派；布置；分配 assign sb to do sth assign sth. to sb. =assign sb. sth. assignment (s)n.作业，任务；（工作等的）分配，指派 委派某人去做某事 把……分配给…… He assigned me to be a steward，and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men，three times a day.(Page 38) (1)The task ________ (assign), dangerous or otherwise, must be finished as scheduled. (2)The reporter was assigned ________(cover) the news.   (3) He has just come off a difficult ____________(assign). (4)The teacher has _______ (assign) each of us a holiday task since two days ago. assigned to cover assignment assigned (5)The teacher assigned a different task each of the children. (6)You need to complete three (assign) each week. to assignments steward [ˈstjuːəd ] n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员 stewardess [ˌstjuːəˈdes] [C] （飞机上的）女服务员，空姐; (pl. stewardesses) envy [ˈenvi ] n.& vt. 羡慕；妒忌 be the envy of... envy sb (doing) sth be green with envy with envy 羡慕地 羡慕某人（做）某事 是令...羡慕或嫉妒的对象 羡慕极了 How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!(Page 38) envious adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的 be envious of sb/sth 羡慕… 1.他们羡慕我上一次抓住了那次机会。 They _______ _______ ________ ________ ________ last time. 2.我想他并不妒忌你的成功。 I don’t think he _________ ________ ________ your success. envied me seizing the opportunity is envious of Their beautiful garden is the envy of all their neighbours. sink [ sɪŋk ] vi.沉没;下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没 sink-sank [ sæŋk ] /sunk [ sʌŋk ] --- sunk be sank in 陷入不快或沉思中 She just sat there, sunk in thought. ①vi&vt(使)下沉; (使)沉没【反float】 ②vi(高度)下降;倒下;坐下 ③vi消沉;陷入;降低;减弱 one’s heart sinks The sixth day, the man throws the glass stone into the sea, with his heart sinking to sea together. 某人心沉下去 (=lose hope) abandon [ əˈbændən ] vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃 abandoned adj被遗弃的;被离弃的;废弃的 abandon doing sth.  be abandoned to (doing)=abandon oneself to with abandon 沉湎于；纵情于 放纵地；放任地 放弃做某事 abandon 写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。 1. The match was abandoned because of bad weather. ___________ 2. The search for the missing sailors was abandoned after two days. ___________ 3. Fearing further attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city. ___________ 4. The market might abandon the stock, and knock down its price. __________ 5. A shared bike is left abandoned at a bus stop. ___________ adj 被遗弃的 放弃 / 终止 离弃 清理 取消 (1)Those who abandon (they) to despair can’t succeed. 那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。 (2)By no means shall we abandon (search) for the missing people. 我们绝不会放弃寻找失踪者。 (3)The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms abandon. 那些女孩子跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。 (4)He is abandoned to (read) all kinds of books in his spare time. 闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。 themselves searching with reading blanket [ˈblæŋkɪt ] n. 毯子 a blanket of snow厚厚的一层雪 be blanketed with 被…覆盖 a wet blanket扫兴的人;泼冷水的人 belongings [ bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz] n. [pl.] 财物；动产 belonging n.归属 [C] [复数]所有物;财产;财物(possessions) belong v.属于；是…的成员（注意：无被动，无进行） belong to...属于... (1)Look after your personal belongings while waiting for the bus. 等车时照看好你的个人财物。 (2)When he joined the club，he felt a sense of (belong). (3)Some of the stamps belong me，while the rest are his and hers. (4)As is known to us，China is a country ____________ (belong) to the Third World. belonging to belonging miserable [ˈmɪzrəbl ] adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的 miserable adj. （人、事）（令人）感到痛苦的，难受的， 可伶的 misery [U & C] 痛苦，苦难，困苦(=great suffering)； 愁苦，悲苦(=great unhappiness) miserably adv. 痛苦地; 艰苦地; 令人难受地; 悲惨地 a miserable life 悲惨的生活 decent [ ˈdiːsnt ] adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的 decent food / meal / job / salary / place to live decent citizens/people a decent jacket 得体的夹克 正派的、守规矩的市民、人 不错的食物/饭菜； 像样的工作、工资、住处 selfish [ˈselfɪʃ ] adj. 自私的 selfishness n[U]自私 selfless adj.无私的 selflessness n[U]无私 self n.自己，自我；私心 good/bad-tempered adj. 脾气好的/坏的 be/become bad/ill-tempered / good-tempered keep/control/lose one’s temper be in a (bad) temper 耐住性子/忍住怒火； 控制脾气；发火 正在生气、正在气头上 （变得）脾气差、好 perseverance [ ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns ] n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 persevere vi. 坚持不懈，锲而不舍（做某事）(=persist) persevering adj. 坚韧不拔的，不屈不挠的(=persistent) =persistence persevere with sth 锲而不舍做… persevere in (doing) sth 坚持（做）某事 Great works are performed not by strength, but perseverance. She persevered with/in her violin lessons. give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) 【语块积累】 give in屈服;投降;让步;上交 give back归还 give away分发;赠送;泄露 give out分发;用完;耗尽 give up放弃 30 1.Bicycles are environmentally because they won’t give off waste gas. 自行车不会排放废气，因此它们是环保的。 2.Well，if you don’t want to read it， . 好吧，如果你不想读它，就把它还回去吧。 3.The government food to people who are out of work. 政府向失业者分发了食品。 4.We invited a famous scientist the prizes. 我们邀请了一位著名科学家来颁发这些奖。 give it back gave out to give away resolve n. 决心；坚定的信念 (1)resolve v. 解决；解答；决心；决定 resolve sth. 解决某事 resolve to do sth. 决定做某事 resolve on doing sth. 决定做某事 (2)resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定 单句语法填空 (1)They made a firm resolve ________ (set) up a company of their own to realize their dream. (2)Mike resolved ________ (run) for the mayor of their city. (3)He has already resolved on ________ (ask) Mary for marriage. (4)They haven’t found a proper ________ (resolve) to that problem. to set to run resolution asking　 cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 (1)it is cruel to do sth. 做某事是残忍的、残酷的 be cruel to sb. 对某人残酷 (2)cruelly adv. 残酷地；非常地 (3)cruelty n. 残酷；残忍；残酷的行为 No animal escapes the cruel knife in the end. Douglas was often cruelly tormented by jealous siblings. It’s extremely cruel to perform an experiment on live animals. His life has been cruelly shattered by an event not of his own making. The cold, hard cruelty of two young men is vividly brought to life in this true story. 选用cruel, cruelly或cruelty填空 (1)I can’t stand people who are ________ to animals. (2)So ________ is the man that he never shows any mercy to whoever is against his opinion. (3)Their beautiful dream was broken ________ . (4)You will answer for your ________ to the people around you. (5)Both were ________ tired, yet Becky said she thought she could go a little farther. cruel　 cruel cruelty　 cruelly cruelly thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的；考虑周到的 thorough understanding 透彻的了解 thorough cleaning彻底的打扫 thorough description详尽的描写 thoroughly adv. 非常；彻底；完全；仔细；缜密 I gave the radio a thorough inspection before buying it. He was even more thorough about reading the article. 写出句中thorough 的含义 （1）This very thorough survey goes back to 1784. ___________ （2）Martin would be a good judge，I thought. He was calm and thorough.______________　 　 （3）In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan. ______________　 　 完成句子 （4）The police officers decided to ________________________（进行一次彻底的审查）of the case. （5）We are trying to ________________________（全面了解） of the government’s financial policy. 彻底的　 细致的 考虑周到的 conduct a thorough review 　 get a thorough understanding recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏 (1)recreation n. 娱乐，消遣(不可数)；娱乐活动(可数) (2)recreational adj. 娱乐的；消遣的 单句语法填空 (1)The town and its environment are inviting, with ________ (recreation) attractions and art museums. (2)There are all kinds of _______________ (recreation) in our school when school is over. recreational recreations guidance n.指导，引导；导航 (1)under one’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb. 在某人的指导下 guidance for sb. on sth. 就某事给予某人的指导 seek guidance from sb. 向某人寻求指导 (2)guide n. 指南；指导；导游　vt. 给某人领路 guide sb. to…引导某人到…… You can seek guidance from Professor Wang if you are not sure in your work. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献 (1)make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承诺做某事 (2)commit v. 犯(错误，罪)；投入；承诺 commit suicide/crimes/ murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀 commit oneself to (doing) sth. 尽心尽力做 ＝be committed/dedicated / devoted to doing (3)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 39 motive n. 动机；目的；原因 a motive for (doing) sth. 做某事的动机 a motive to do sth. 做某事的动机 完成/翻译句子 (1)The police are looking for his _______________________ (犯罪的动机). (2) _____________________________________________ (我不清楚他这样做的动机). motive for the crime/ motive to commit the crime I’m not aware of his motive in doing that (1)A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment. 演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。 (2)He made a (commit) that he would attend the ceremony on behalf of his school. (3)Countries around the world have already committed themselves to (set) up a Climate Adaptation Fund. (4)The young man who was caught by the police last night. 那个犯罪的年轻人昨晚被警察抓住了。 commitment setting had committed a crime Thanks $$