总复习 语法填空精练（知识&题型大冲关）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期知识&题型大冲关（人教版2019必修第二册）

总复习 语法填空练习 目录 Unit 1 1 限制性定语从句 1 练习 2 Unit 2 10 现在进行时的被动语态 10 练习 10 Unit 3 18 现在完成时的被动语态 18 练习 19 Unit 4 27 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 27 练习 28 Unit 5 36 过去分词作表语和状语 36 练习 37 Unit 1 限制性定语从句 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1．限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。 2．非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词做附加补充或说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号与主句分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。 二、限制性定语从句的三种用法 1．定语从句中关系代词用that不用which的七种情况 (1)当先行词是all、much、little、few、everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 (2)当先行词被the only、the last、the very 等修饰时。 (3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 (4)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 (5)当先行词中既有表示人，又有表示物的名词时。 (6)当主句的主语是疑问词which时。 (7)当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 2．定语从句中关系词可以省略的三种情况 (1)当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词通常省略。 (2)当先行词是way、time等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式状语、时间状语时，其后的定语从句中相应的关系词that/in which、when等可以省略。 (3)当由and、but、or等并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可以省略，但第二个及以后的关系词一般不可以省略。 3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1)五种构成形式 构成 句法功能 用法指津 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some、many、most、each等不定代词替换 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 和whose 介词＋关系副词 状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where、when前加介词from或to (2)选用介词的四个依据 ①根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)选用相应的介词。 ②根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)选用相应的介词。 ③根据句子的意思来选择介词。 ④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 [名师点津]　在定语从句中，有一些含有介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rice paper, known in Chinese as “Kong Dan”, has a rich cultural history and diverse 1 (application) , primarily in Asian cuisine and arts. This delicate paper is made from the rice plant or various other plants 2 bamboo, and it possesses unique characteristics 3 set it apart from conventional paper. Rice paper typically exhibits a thin, translucent (半透明的) quality while remaining strong enough for various uses. That’s because during production process, the raw material is pounded and then dried under controlled conditions 4 (ensure) durability (持久性) of rice paper. Rice paper is most famous for its use in spring rolls. It has the ability to transform from a stiff sheet to a flexible one ideal for 5 (wrap) fresh vegetables, meats, and herbs. Besides, rice paper plays an 6 (incredible) significant role in traditional East Asian painting and calligraphy. Artists take advantage of the unique features of rice paper to create 7 (deep) in their works, showcasing the skill of the artist and the material’s capabilities. Transitioning from these traditional uses, rice paper has recently gained popularity in Western cultures, leading to more 8 (innovate) dishes and modern crafts. In summary, rice paper is not that simple. As cultures continue to mix, the potential for rice paper to inspire both new recipes and artistic expressions 9 (remain) promising, ensuring that this unique material finds 10 (it) place in kitchens and studios around the globe. 【答案】 1．applications 2．like 3．that/which 4．to ensure 5．wrapping 6．incredibly 7．depth 8．innovative 9．remains 10．its 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宣纸（又称“孔丹”）的历史、特性及其在亚洲美食和艺术中的广泛应用，同时探讨了它在西方文化中的新兴用途及其未来潜力。 1．考查名词复数。句意：宣纸，中文名为“孔丹”，有着丰富的文化历史和多样的用途，主要应用于亚洲美食和艺术领域。根据形容词diverse可知，此处应用名词复数形式，application为可数名词。故填applications。 2．考查介词。句意：这种精致的纸由水稻或各种其他植物如竹子制成，它拥有独特的特征，使它区别于传统纸张。空后bamboo为具体举例，此处需填表示举例的介词，like作介词意为“像，例如”。故填like。 3．考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为characteristics，指物，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：那是因为在生产过程中，原材料被捣碎，然后在可控的条件下干燥，以确保宣纸的持久性。句中已有谓语动词is pounded和dried，空处需填非谓语动词，根据句意，需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：它有能力从一张硬纸变成一张柔韧的纸，非常适合用来包裹新鲜蔬菜、肉类和香草。for为介词，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填wrapping。 6．考查副词。句意：此外，宣纸在传统的东亚绘画和书法中起着极其重要的作用。空处修饰形容词significant，需用副词形式。故填incredibly。 7．考查名词。句意：艺术家们利用宣纸的独特特点在他们的作品中创造出深度，展示了艺术家的技艺和材料的能力。空处作动词create的宾语，需填名词形式depth，表示抽象意义，为不可数名词。故填depth。 8．考查形容词。句意：从这些传统用途转变而来，宣纸最近在西方文化中受到欢迎，产生了更多创新菜肴和现代手工艺品。空处修饰名词dishes，需用形容词形式。故填innovative。 9．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：随着文化的不断交融，宣纸激发新食谱和艺术表达的潜力仍然很有前景，确保这种独特的材料在全球的厨房和工作室中占有一席之地。分析句子结构，主语为单数名词the potential，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，时态为一般现在时，描述客观事实。故填remains。 10．考查代词。句意同上。空处修饰名词place，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The handshake has been part of global society for a long time. In ancient Rome, the gesture was used to convey friendship and 1 (loyal). Pairs of clasped hands even appeared on Roman coins, 2 (indicate) the importance of the action. We can see that the handshake served to convey peaceful intentions, but why? One theory 3 (link) to the fact that most of us are right-handed, and thus would have held a weapon in our right hands. By offering 4 empty right hand, strangers could show they were not armed and had no ill will to the other person. Shaking hands has become an essential part of business. Even though handshakes aren’t 5 (literal) used to confirm whether or not the other person is holding weapons anymore, they’ve maintained 6 (they) signal of showing good intentions. That’s a very important signal in business contexts, 7 people often meet with strangers in highly important settings. However, many 8 (country) don’t shake hands at all. In Japan, people bow 19 each other when meeting, while Ethiopian men touch shoulders. Therefore, it is important 20 (respect) different customs when we meet people from different backgrounds. 【答案】 1．loyalty 2．indicating 3．is linked 4．an 5．literally 6．their 7．where 8．countries 9．to 10．to respect 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了握手的起源、意义及其在全球文化中的演变，同时强调尊重不同文化的习俗。 1．考查名词。句意：在古罗马，这种手势被用来传达友谊和忠诚。根据空前的and和friendship可知，空处需用名词loyalty“忠诚”和friendship并列作动词convey的宾语。故填loyalty。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：紧握的双手图案甚至出现在罗马硬币上，这表明了这个动作的重要性。句子的谓语动词为appeared，空处表示自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用indicate的现在分词形式indicating。故填indicating。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：一种理论与这样一个事实有关，即我们大多数人习惯用右手，因此我们会用右手持有武器。be linked to是固定短语，意为“与……有关联”，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语One theory是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is linked。 4．考查冠词。句意：过伸出一只空着的右手，陌生人可以表明他们没有携带武器，对对方没有恶意。hand为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一只空着的右手”，且empty为以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an。故填an。 5．考查副词。句意：尽管握手不再真正地用于确认对方是否持有武器，但它们仍然保留了表达善意的信号。根据空后used可知，空处需用副词literally“真正地，确实地”，修饰动词used作状语。故填literally。 6．考查代词。句意：尽管握手不再真正地用于确认对方是否持有武器，但它们仍然保留了表达善意的信号。空处修饰名词signal，需用形容词性物主代词their。故填 their。 7．考查定语从句。句意：这在商业环境中是一个非常重要的信号，在这种环境中人们经常在非常重要的场合与陌生人见面。空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是business contexts，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。 8．考查名词复数。句意：然而，许多国家根本不握手。根据空前的many可知，空处需用名词复数countries。故填countries。 9．考查介词。句意：在日本，人们见面时会互相鞠躬，而埃塞俄比亚男性会碰肩。根据句意可知，此处考查短语bow to sb.，意为“向某人鞠躬”，故空处需用介词to。故填to。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，当我们与来自不同背景的人见面时，尊重不同的习俗是很重要的。“it is important to do sth.”是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故空处需用不定式to respect。故填to respect。 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (只需1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hand gestures are an important part of communication, 1 (particular) if we are speaking in a foreign language. They are a great way of making sure we’re getting 2   (we) point across and supporting what we’re trying to say. Many 3 (tourist) will also use hand gestures as a means of non-verbal communication when traveling in countries 4 they do not speak the local language. However, we should know that not all hand gestures have the same meaning in all countries! The peace sign 5 (seem) universal to Americans. Well, what’s widely accepted for Americans can be seen as insulting (侮辱的) in other countries around the world. The two fingers held aloft (在高处) in a V are fine if your palm (手掌) is facing out. 6 , in many countries outside of the US, the direction the palm is facing makes a major 7 (different) in the meaning. In Australia, New Zealand,and the United Kingdom, it 8 (consider) to be an insult if you make the same gesture but with your palm facing inward. In other words, you don’t order two beers in an English pub by 9 (hold) up two fingers with your palm facing you unless you want to get into a bit of a fight. And to some, two fingers held up 10 the palm facing out means V for victory - it may be hard to insult those people but you may find yourself rather misunderstood. 【答案】 1．particularly 2．our 3．tourists 4．where 5．seems 6．However 7．difference 8．is considered 9．holding 10．with 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了手势在交流中的重要作用和手势V在不同国家的不同意义。 1．考查副词。句意：手势是交流的重要组成部分，特别是当我们说一门外语时。空格处作状语，强调下文的条件状语从句，应该用副词particularly。故填particularly。 2．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：这是一种很好的方式，可以确保我们的观点得到表达，并支持我们试图表达的内容。空格处作定语，修饰后面的名词point，应该用形容词性物主代词our。故填our。 3．考查名词复数。句意：许多游客在不讲当地语言的国家旅行时，也会用手势作为一种非语言交流的手段。根据空格前的many可知，空格处应该用复数名词tourists作主语。故填tourists。 4．考查定语从句。句意：许多游客在不讲当地语言的国家旅行时，也会用手势作为一种非语言交流的手段。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词countries进行限定说明，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以，应该用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：对美国人来说，和平手势似乎是通用的。句子描述客观情况，应该用一般现在时；主语是The peace sign，谓语动词应该用三单形式。故填seems。 6．考查副词。句意：然而，在美国以外的许多国家，掌心的朝向会对意思产生很大的影响。空格后的句子与上文的内容之间是转折关系，再结合空格后的逗号可知，此处应该用表示转折的副词however。故填However。 7．考查名词。句意：然而，在美国以外的许多国家，掌心的朝向会对意思产生很大的影响。根据句意和空格前的makes a major可知，空格处应该用单数名词difference作宾语。make a difference“产生影响”是固定短语。故填difference。 8．考查时态和语态。句意：在澳大利亚、新西兰和英国，如果你做同样的手势，但手掌朝内，会被认为是一种侮辱。空格处是谓语动词，句子描述客观事实用一般现在时；主语it和动词consider之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语是it，be动词用is。故填is considered。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：换句话说，在英国的酒吧里，除非你想打架，否则你不会用手掌对着自己举起两个手指来点两瓶啤酒。根据空格前的介词by可知，空格处应该用动名词holding作宾语。故填holding。 10．考查介词。句意：对一些人来说，手掌朝外举起两根手指意指代表胜利的V。根据句意和空格后的the palm facing out可知，此处考查with复合结构“with+宾语+现在分词”。故填with。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Culture shock is a term used to describe the feelings of confusion and 1 (frustrate) that people may experience when they move to a new country. When first arriving in a foreign country, many people are 2 (initial) excited by the novelty. They enjoy exploring new places, tasting different foods, and meeting new people. However, as time passes, the reality of culture shock often 3 (set) in. One of the main reasons for culture shock is the difference in 4 (value) and beliefs. For example, in some cultures, individualism is emphasized, while in others, collectivism is more important. These differences can lead 5 misunderstandings and conflicts. Another factor is the language barrier. Not being able to interact with others can make a person feel isolated. To deal with culture shock, it’s important to keep an open mind. Try to learn as much as you can about the local culture, 6 (include) its history, customs, and social norms. Making local friends can also be very helpful. They provide insights and support, which can help you to better understand the culture. In addition, it’s essential to give yourself time to adjust. Culture shock doesn’t disappear overnight. It’s a process that requires patience and perseverance. Some people may find it useful to write about their feelings in a journal. By doing so, they can better understand their own emotions and 7 they are changing over time. In conclusion, culture shock is a common experience for those who live or work abroad. 38 it can be difficult and uncomfortable at times, it’s also 9 opportunity for personal growth and learning. Through understanding and dealing with culture shock, we can become more culturally aware and 10 (adapt), which is beneficial to our increasingly globalized world. 【答案】 1．frustration 2．initially 3．sets 4．values 5．to 6．including 7．how 8．Although/Though/While 9．an 10．adaptable 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是文化冲击、文化冲击产生的原因以及影响等。 1．考查名词。句意：文化冲击是一个用来描述人们搬到一个新国家时可能经历的困惑和沮丧的感觉的术语。作介词的宾语，应用名词frustration，且为不可数名词。故填frustration。 2．考查副词。句意：第一次到国外时，许多人最初会对新鲜事物感到兴奋。修饰后文动词excited，应用副词initially，意为“最初”。故填initially。 3．考查时态。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，文化冲击的现实往往会出现。根据上文as time passes可知，此处为一般现在时，主语the reality of culture shock为第三人称单数，谓语用三单形式。故填sets。 4．考查名词的数。句意：文化冲击的主要原因之一是价值观和信仰的差异。value意为“价值”为可数名词，根据后文and beliefs可知，此处应填复数形式。故填values。 5．考查介词。句意：这些差异会导致误解和冲突。此处为短语lead to表示“导致”，所以使用介词to。故填to。 6．考查介词。句意：尽可能多地了解当地文化，包括历史、习俗和社会规范。后跟名词作宾语，表示“包括”应用介词including。故填including。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：通过这样做，他们可以更好地理解自己的情绪以及它们是如何随时间变化的。引导宾语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，但句意不完整，结合句意，此处应表示“如何”作方式状语。故填how。 8．考查状语从句。句意：虽然有时会很困难和不舒服，但这也是一个个人成长和学习的机会。结合句意，上下文之间为让步冠以，所以此处为连词引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”应用although、though或while，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。 9．考查冠词。句意：虽然有时会很困难和不舒服，但这也是一个个人成长和学习的机会。此处opportunity为可数名词，泛指“一个机会”，应用不定冠词，且首个音素为元音音素。故填an。 10．考查形容词。句意：通过理解和处理文化冲击，我们可以变得更有文化意识和适应能力，这对我们日益全球化的世界是有益的。作表语，应用形容词adaptable意为“有适应能力的”。故填adaptable。 Unit 2 现在进行时的被动语态 一、含义 现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。 二、结构 1．肯定句式：主语＋am/is/are＋being done ... 2．否定句式：主语＋am/is/are＋not being done ... 3．一般疑问句式：Am/Is/Are (not)＋主语＋being done ...? 4．特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋am/is/are (not)＋主语＋being done ...? 三、用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now、at the moment等时间状语。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 3．表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always、constantly、often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 4．与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 [名师点津]　(1)stay、love、have、want、belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 (2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Andrea Carter was about 10 years old when she realized she wanted to devote her life to growing food. Growing up in Bethesda, Maryland with a few nearby farms, Carter spent many hours 1 (get) her hands dirty in a neighbor’s fields. “There wasn’t much to do except to weed tomatoes and pull kale,” she told Your Hot Job. “Looking back, it was 2 gift to be exposed to the outdoors, to farming, to where food comes from.” Today, Carter is an agronomist, a scientist 3 studies how plants grow. Agronomists, also known as crop scientists, use that knowledge to help farmers produce much 4 (good) crops in lager quantities. Because there are many 5 (factor) involved in plant growth, agronomists usually have a specific focus. For example, some 6 (special) in soil management, which involves keeping the soil healthy enough to grow plants. Others become experts on controlling weeds or protecting crops 7 insects and diseases. Carter focuses on desert plants, a choice 8 (influence) by her childhood: Carter’s mom is from North Africa, and the family spent time in Tunisia, a country with vast stretches of desert. That led Carter 9 (pursue) a PhD in plant science at the University of Arizona, in Tucson. The city is in the Sonoran Desert, where plants survive with minimal rain. “I came out to Arizona to learn about how people 10 (farm) in this dry landscape for thousands of years,” Carter says. 【答案】 1．getting 2．a 3．who/that 4．better 5．factors 6．specialize 7．from/against 8．influenced 9．to pursue 10．have farmed 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安德里亚·卡特从10岁立志投身种植，儿时在邻居家的田地劳作，到如今成为专注沙漠植物研究的农学家。受童年经历的影响，还前往亚利桑那大学攻读相关博士的故事。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：卡特在马里兰州贝塞斯达长大，附近有一些农场，她花了很多时间在邻居的田地里弄脏自己的手从事农活。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以空处应用动名词形式。故填getting。 2．考查冠词。句意：“回头来看，能接触到户外、农业以及食物的来源是一份礼物。”gift为可数名词，此处泛指“一份礼物”，且gift发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 3．考查定语从句。句意：如今，卡特是一名农学家，也就是一位研究植物如何生长的科学家。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为scientist，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：农学家，也被称为作物科学家，利用这些知识帮助农民大量种植出更好的作物。much修饰形容词比较级，good的比较级为better。故填better。 5．考查名词复数。句意：因为植物生长涉及许多因素，所以农学家通常有一个特定的研究重点。many修饰可数名词复数，factor为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填factors。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，一些人专门研究土壤管理，这包括保持土壤足够健康以便种植植物。空处作句子的谓语，specialize in是固定短语，意为“专门研究；擅长”，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语some表示复数意义，空处应用动词原形。故填specialize。 7．考查介词。句意：其他人则成为控制杂草或保护作物免受昆虫和疾病侵害的专家。protect...from/against...是固定搭配，意为“保护…… 免受……”。故填from或against。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：卡特专注于沙漠植物，这个选择受到了她童年经历的影响：卡特的母亲来自北非，她的家人曾在突尼斯待过，突尼斯是一个拥有大片沙漠的国家。句中已有谓语动词focuses，所以空处应用非谓语动词，且choice和influence之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空处应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填influenced。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这促使卡特在图森的亚利桑那大学攻读植物科学博士学位。lead sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“促使某人做某事”，空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to pursue。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“我来到亚利桑那州是为了了解数千年来人们如何在这片干旱的土地上耕种，”卡特说。根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语people为复数意义，助动词应用have。故填have farmed。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is a kind of scenery that’s 1 (unbelievable) amazing. If it were a painting or a photograph, you’d be sure that a certain degree of creative license had taken place. But it hasn’t. It’s all real. This is Sanjiangyuan, the largest in China’s new system of national parks. In the south of Qinghai Province, Sanjiangyuan covers an area about 2 size of England. The national park is part of a big plan 3 (create) a huge network of parks across China by 2030, with the primary objective to protect the country’s iconic (标志性的) ，and in many cases, endangered species. China is a country 4 has long sought to conserve (保护) the celebrated landscapes and rich biodiversity, with tens of thousands of protected areas nationwide. Most people visiting China have probably seen 5 (it) forest parks, scenic areas 6 nature reserves, but a fragmented (分散的) approach has prevented effective conservation of these areas through the years. WildChina explorer Kyle Obermann explains that “by uniting hundreds of protected areas 7 (manage) by various provinces, the new system’s goal is to make conservation 8 (easy) and stronger under the central authority of the new National Forestry and Grassland Administration.” This is good news for China’s wildlife. The plan, which 9 (begin) in 2015 with ten pilot parks, will cover 2.3% of China’s land area, 10 (combine) separate reserves to provide larger protected habitats for the country’s most at-risk creatures. 【答案】 1．unbelievably 2．the 3．to create 4．that/which 5．its 56．and 7．managed 8．easier 9．began 0．combining 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了中国三江源国家公园的概况、地理位置、规模以及其在国家公园体系中的重要地位。 1．考查副词。句意：这是一种令人难以置信的美景。空处修饰空后的形容词，用副词修饰。故填unbelievably。 2．考查定冠词。句意：在青海省的南部，三江源的面积和英国差不多大。此处是固定搭配：the size of意为“......的大小”特指。故填the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国计划到2030年在全国建立一个庞大的公园网络，这个国家公园是该计划的一部分，其主要目标是保护中国的标志性物种，在很多情况下是濒危物种。此处是固定搭配：plan to do sth.意为“做某事的计划”。故填to create。 4．考查定语从句。句意：长期以来，中国一直致力于保护著名的自然景观和丰富的生物多样性，在全国范围内建立了数万个保护区。空处引导定语从句，先行词是country，在从句中作主语，用that或者which引导。故填that或者which。 5．考查代词。句意：大多数来中国旅游的人可能都见过中国的森林公园、风景名胜区和自然保护区，但多年来，这种分散的做法阻碍了这些地区的有效保护。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，应是形容词性物主代词。故填its。 6．考查连词。句意：大多数来中国旅游的人可能都见过中国的森林公园、风景名胜区和自然保护区，但多年来，这种分散的做法阻碍了这些地区的有效保护。空前的“forest parks, scenic areas”和空后的“nature reserves”为并列关系，需用and连接。故填and。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国野生动物保护协会的探险家Kyle Obermann解释说：“通过联合各省管理的数百个保护区，新系统的目标是在新的国家林业和草原局的中央权力下，使保护工作更容易、更强大。”本句已有谓语动词，所以manage用非谓语形式，根据空后的by可知，用过去分词表被动。故填managed。 8．考查形容词。句意：中国野生动物保护协会的探险家Kyle Obermann解释说：“通过联合各省管理的数百个保护区，新系统的目标是在新的国家林业和草原局的中央权力下，使保护工作更容易、更强大。”根据空后的and可知，空处和后文的stronger并列，用形容词的比较级形式。故填easier。 9．考查动词时态。句意：该计划于2015年启动，有10个试点公园，将覆盖中国陆地面积的2.3%，将各个保护区结合起来，为中国最濒危的生物提供更大的保护栖息地。本句是which引导的非限制性定语从句，begin作从句谓语，根据时间状语in 2015可知，用一般过去时。故填began。 10．考查动词时态。句意：该计划于2015年启动，有10个试点公园，将覆盖中国陆地面积的2.3%，将各个保护区结合起来，为中国最濒危的生物提供更大的保护栖息地。本句已有谓语动词，所以combine用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语The plan之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填combining。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Symbols of Animals in Chinese and Western Cultures In Chinese and Western cultures, animals 1 (acquire) different meanings over time. There are some elements 2 represent one thing to one culture, and something else entirely to another. The word “bat” in Chinese (“fu”) has the same 3 (pronounce) as the Chinese character meaning “luck, happiness and fortune”. Therefore, images of bats are often symbols of good luck in China. They are also appreciated 4 their ability to catch insects. 5 , in Western cultures, bats are often associated with darkness. Due to their unpleasant appearance and call, owls (猫头鹰) were for long considered symbols of bad luck in China. In consequence, owls were used in poetry 6 ( represent) evil. A poem in the Classic of Poetry, for example, was written in the tone of a 7 (frighten) bird being bullied by an owl. Owl. owl, as you have already taken my child, don’t destroy my nest. Yet in Western cultures, the owl is often regarded as 8 symbol of wisdom. In the popular Harry Potter series, the owl is an 9 (extreme) wise and helpful bird. These differences mirror each culture's distinct background. By exploring these, a deeper understanding of the rich cultures around the world can 10 (unlock). 【答案】 1．have acquired 2．which/that 3．pronunciation 4．for 5．However 6．to represent 7．frightened 8．a 9．extremely 10．be unlocked 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中西文化中动物的象征以及区别和差异。 1．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在中西方文化中，随着时间的推移，动物有了不同的含义。根据时间状语“over time”可知，此处表示在一段时间内动物获得了不同的含义，强调从过去到现在的变化，所以用现在完成时，主语“animals”是复数。故填have acquired。 2．考查定语从句。句意：有些元素在一种文化中代表一种东西，而在另一种文化中则完全是另一种东西。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词“elements”指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词“that/which”引导。故填which/that。 3．考查名词。句意：“bat”这个词在汉语中（“蝠”）与汉字“幸运、幸福和财富”的发音相同。“the same”后接名词，“pronounce”的名词形式是 “pronunciation”，“has the same pronunciation as”表示“和……有相同的发音”。故填pronunciation。 4．考查固定短语。句意：它们还因其捕捉昆虫的能力而受到赞赏。“be appreciated for...”是固定搭配，意为“因…… 而被赞赏”，此处表示蝙蝠因能捕捉昆虫而被赞赏。故填for。 5．考查副词。句意：然而，在西方文化中，蝙蝠通常与黑暗联系在一起。上文提到在中国蝙蝠象征好运，下文说在西方文化中蝙蝠常与黑暗联系在一起，前后是转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以用副词“However”，句首字母大写，表示“然而”。故填However。 6．考查动词不定式。句意：因此，猫头鹰在诗歌中被用来代表邪恶。“use sth. to do sth.”是固定用法，所以此处为动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to represent。 7．考查形容词。句意：例如，《诗经》中的一首诗是用一只受惊的鸟被猫头鹰欺负的语气写的。“bird”是名词，需要用形容词修饰，“frightened”意为“受惊的，害怕的”，“a frightened bird” 表示“一只受惊的鸟”。故填frightened。 8．考查冠词。句意：然而在西方文化中，猫头鹰通常被视为智慧的象征。“symbol”是可数名词，“a symbol of...”表示泛指一种“……的象征”。故填a。 9．考查副词。句意：在流行的哈利波特系列中，猫头鹰是一种非常聪明和乐于助人的鸟。“wise” 是形容词，需要用副词修饰，“extreme”的副词形式是“extremely”。故填extremely。 10．考查动词语态。句意：通过探索这些，可以更深入地了解世界各地丰富的文化。根据句意可知，“a deeper understanding of the rich cultures around the world”与“unlock”之间是被动关系，且情态动词 “can”后接动词原形，所以用“be unlocked”，表示“被解锁，被了解”。故填be unlocked。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Twenty years ago as I began to gather research that would 1 (eventual) form the basis of my book, Riding Home: The Power of Horses to Heal, I first witnessed the psychological impact a horse can have on a human. It occurred when I was invited 2 (observe) a unique equine (马) program at a high-end health spa. It offered 3 it called the Equine Experience, created and led by a brilliant therapist. Over the next few years I watched as horses were brought in to assist therapists in 4 number of varied human rehabilitation programs. In addition 5 how horses helped with self-awareness, I could see how humans with mental wounds were also experiencing many profound healing 6 (effect) from interacting with horses. Today, under the 7 (guide) of a specialist, a horse can help anyone in need of emotional healing. Equine therapy (治疗) has become a 8 (benefit) and cost-effective program. To think that millions of mentally 9 (wound) men, women and children can get a second chance at a healthy and meaningful life is heartwarming. The idea that this can 10 (achieve) through a breakthrough in self-awareness that occurred from simply interacting with horses is extraordinary. 【答案】 1．eventually 2．to observe 3．what 4．a 5．to 6．effects 7．guidance 8．beneficial 9．wounded 10．be achieved 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了马在心理治疗方面的作用，马参与的治疗项目，以及马能让有心理创伤的人获得第二次拥有健康有意义生活的机会，马与人类的互动能带来自我意识的突破。 1．考查副词。句意：二十年前，当我开始收集最终将构成我的书《骑马回家：马的治愈力量》基础的研究时，我第一次见证了马对人类的心理影响。此处修饰动词gather，应该用副词形式，eventual的副词形式是eventually，故填eventually。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我被邀请去观察一个高端健康水疗中心的独特的马相关项目时，这件事发生了。结合短语invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事”，可知空白处在句子中做主补表示一个指向将来的不确定的动作，所以此处应填入动词不定式to observe，故填to observe。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：它提供了它称之为“马的体验”的项目，这个项目是由一位才华横溢的治疗师创建并领导的。此处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语表示内容，指物，所以应填what，故填what。 4．考查固定短语、冠词。句意：在接下来的几年里，我看到马被引入来协助治疗师进行许多不同的人类康复项目。a number of为固定短语，意为“许多”，故填a。 5．考查固定短语、介词。句意：除了马如何帮助提高自我意识之外，我还能看到有心理创伤的人如何从与马的互动中体验到许多深刻的治愈效果。in addition to为固定短语，意为“除…… 之外”，故填to。 6．考查名词。句意：同上。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，根据前面的many可知，此处应使用名词复数形式，故填effects。 7．考查名词。句意：如今，在一位专家的指导下，一匹马可以帮助任何需要情感治愈的人。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，guide的名词形式是guidance，该词为不可数名词，使用单数，故填guidance。 8．考查形容词。句意：马辅助治疗已经成为一个有益且具有成本效益的项目。根据后面的名词program可知，此处应填入形容词作定语，benefit的形容词形式是beneficial，意为“有益的”，故填beneficial。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：想到数百万有心理创伤的男人、女人和孩子能有第二次机会过上健康且有意义的生活，真是令人感到温暖。空白处在句子中作定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填wounded。 10．考查被动语态。句意：通过与马的简单互动带来的自我意识的突破来实现这一点的想法是非同寻常的。this指代前面提到的事情，与achieve之间是被动关系，且情态动词can后接动词原形，所以应填入be achieved，故填be achieved。 Unit 3 现在完成时的被动语态 一、概念 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼点在现在。若主语与动词之间构成被动关系，则用现在完成时的被动语态。 二、基本结构 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？ 三、用法 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语构成动宾关系。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”等时间状语连用，此时，被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。 [名师点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： yet 已经　since then 从那时起 ever 曾经 already已经 recently/lately最近 ever since自那以来 by now到现在为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 in recent years在最近几年里 so far/up to now/till now/until now迄今为止 in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 3．在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 四、注意事项 1．现在完成时的被动语态中，has/have been不可漏掉。 2．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在无关。 3．非延续性动词(如begin、start、buy、borrow、finish等)的现在完成时的被动语态，其肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其否定式则可以与for、since构成的时间状语连用。 4．短语动词用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。 练习 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new line-up of robots made their global debut (首次亮相)at the China International Industry Fair（CIIF）in Shanghai, showcasing enhanced intelligence, automation capabilities, and specialized 1 (feature) made for the Chinese market. China, the world's leading market for industrial robots, 2 are used in manufacturing, automotive, and electronics sectors, 3 (see) rapid growth in robotics technology over the past few years. The CIIF event highlighted the nation's cutting-edge 4 (technology) advancements and 85 latest innovations in the field. "AI, 6 a crucial driver for robotics development, is shaping a new era of industrial automation, 7 (create) new possibilities across all industries," a relevant supplier said. More than 350 robot brands came to the CIIF show. And they brought 132 global debuts of robots. Chinese firms also showed 8 (they) tech muscle with a lot of new releases. A robot-maker start-up showed a new kind of robot with embodied intelligence, which made robots have the ability 9 (learn) and deal with complicated tasks. With computer vision and other AI tech, the start-up's product can go beyond the traditional limitations of relying 10 (mere) on programming to complete repeated tasks. It can work with real-time perception and adaptation to the environment, learn and optimize decision-making, and complete tasks with efficiency. 【答案】 1．features 2．which 3．has seen 4．technological 5．the 6．as 7．creating 8．their 9．to learn 10．merely 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述的是在中国国际工业博览会上，新型机器人首次亮相，展示智能化与自动化技术。 1．考查名词。句意：一系列新的机器人在上海的中国国际工业博览会上首次全球亮相，展示了增强的智能、自动化能力以及为中国市场定制的专业特性。空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词，此处为泛指，应使用名词feature的复数形式features，表示“特性，特征”，故填features。 2．考查定语从句。句意：中国是世界领先的工业机器人市场，工业机器人被应用于制造业、汽车业和电子行业，在过去几年中，机器人技术发展迅速。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“industrial robots”，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，所以用关系代词which引导从句，故填which。 3．考查时态。句意：中国是世界领先的工业机器人市场，工业机器人被应用于制造业、汽车业和电子行业，在过去几年中，机器人技术发展迅速。根据时间状语“over the past few years(在过去的几年中)”可知，句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语China是单数，助动词用has，故填has seen。 4．考查形容词。句意：中国国际工业博览会突出了中国在该领域的前沿技术进步和最新创新。根据空后的“advancements”可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词“advancements”，故填technological。 5．考查冠词。句意：中国国际工业博览会突出了中国在该领域的前沿技术进步和最新创新。根据下文“in the field(在这个领域)”以及“latest”可知，此处为形容词最高级，空白处需使用定冠词the，故填the。 6．考查介词。句意：一位相关供应商表示：“人工智能作为机器人发展的关键驱动力，正在塑造工业自动化的新时代，为各个行业创造新的可能性。” 根据下文“a crucial driver for robotics development(机器人发展的关键驱动力)”可知，此处表示“作为”，应用介词as，故填as。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：一位相关供应商表示：“人工智能作为机器人发展的关键驱动力，正在塑造工业自动化的新时代，为各个行业创造新的可能性。” 根据下文“new possibilities across all industries(为各个行业……新的可能性)”可知，下文说的是一个自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填creating。 8．考查代词。句意：中国公司也通过大量新产品展示了他们的技术实力。此处应用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰名词“tech muscle”，故填their。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：一家机器人制造初创公司展示了一种具有具身智能的新型机器人，这种机器人使机器人具备学习和处理复杂任务的能力。空白处在句子中作后置定语，表示一个指向将来的不确定的动作，使用动词不定式，且 “the ability to do sth.”为固定短语，意为“做某事的能力”，故填to learn。 10．考查副词。句意：凭借计算机视觉和其他人工智能技术，这家初创公司的产品可以超越仅仅依赖编程来完成重复任务的传统限制。此处应用副词修饰动词“relying”作状语，故填merely。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 SpaceX’s Starship sees the company get closer to its reusable rocket dream On Oct 13, 2024, the US-based space tech company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship, a powerful rocket, in Texas, US. This brought the company one step closer to its goal of creating reusable rockets, reported AFP. The giant rocket is 12-meter-tall and it 1 (consist) of two parts, the Starship spacecraft at the top and the Super Heavy rocket 2 (attach) below. Around seven minutes after launch, the two separated about 70 kilometers above the ground. The rocket’s booster flew back and gradually adjusted 3 into a standing position. Then, it began to fall, as two large mechanical arms extended from the launch tower. Like a pair of chopsticks, they “caught” the 71-meter-tall booster and brought it down to a gentle stop. Later on, the spacecraft landed in the Indian Ocean as planned. SpaceX said on its website that its engineers “spent years preparing and months testing for the booster catch attempt”. During the test, teams kept checking to ensure both the booster and the tower fit “thousands” of standards 4 any attempt to return the booster was made. Had the conditions not been satisfied, it would have been redirected for a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, as in previous tests. SpaceX was founded in 2002 with the ultimate goal of helping humans settle on the moon, Mars and beyond. The company has grown rapidly into a leader in the space industry thanks to its strategy of “fail fast, learn fast”. The Starship’s first few test flights failed due to problems 5 explosions or a loss of contact. SpaceX sees failures as opportunities to gather data and speed up the creation of better systems than its competitors, 6 differs from the traditional approach of identifying and planning for potential problems before a launch, 7 practiced by organizations like NASA, which can be 8 (slow), according to The Conversation. For example, NASA’s Space Launch System-the rocket designed to take astronauts to the moon as part of the Artemis program-took over 10 years 9 (develop) before its first launch. Starship represents an advancement over SpaceX’s earlier reusable model, Falcon 9, as Starship’s reusable rockets 10 now have their tanks refilled after a quick check and get ready for the next flight again. “Starship is designed to achieve reflight of its rocket booster ultimately within an hour after liftoff,” Elon Musk said on X. 【答案】 1．consists 2．attached 3．itself 4．before 5．such as 6．which 7．as 8．slower 9．to develop 10．can 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了SpaceX公司Starship项目第五次测试飞行的成功以及SpaceX在可重复使用火箭技术方面的进展。 1．考查一般现在时。句意：这枚巨大的火箭高12米，由两部分组成，顶部是Starship飞船，下面是Super Heavy火箭。consist在句中充当谓语，根据句意，这里描述的是客观事实，需用一般现在时。故填consists。 2．考查过去分词形式作后置定语。句意：这枚巨大的火箭高12米，由两部分组成，顶部是Starship飞船，下面是Super Heavy火箭。句子已经存在谓语consist，所以attach需要转为非谓语动词；它与Super Heavy rocket之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填attached。 3．考查反身代词。句意：火箭的助推器飞回并逐渐调整到直立位置。结合句意，助推器会调整自身状态，直到直立状态，这里考查短语adjust oneself into...，空格中应该填入反身代词itself，代指助推器自身。故填itself。 4．考查连词。句意：在测试过程中，团队一直在检查以确保助推器和发射塔符合“数千条”标准，然后才尝试返回助推器。根据句意，这里表示“在助推器返回前”就应该检查各种标准，故填before。 5．考查介词短语。句意：Starship的前几次测试飞行失败是由于爆炸或失去联系等问题。根据横线后的explosions or a loss of contact判断，这里在举例描述问题是什么，应该使用such as。故填such as。 6．考查定语从句。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是横线前的句子，关系词在从句中充当主语，应该使用which引导从句。故填which。 7．考查连词。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。结合句意，这里表示“正如NASA实践的方法那样”，应该使用as。故填as。 8．考查形容词比较级。句意：SpaceX将失败视为收集数据和加速创建比竞争对手更好的系统的机会，这与传统的在发射前识别和规划潜在问题的方法不同，这种方法由像NASA这样的组织实践，可能会比较缓慢，根据The Conversation的报道。根据句意，表示传统方法是“比较缓慢的”，需用slower。故填slower。 9．考查固定句型。句意：例如，NASA的太空发射系统——作为阿尔忒弥斯计划的一部分，用于将宇航员送往月球的火箭——在首次发射前花了超过10年的时间来开发。这里考查固定句型“take time to do”，意思是“花费……做……”。故填to develop。 10．考查情态动词。句意：Starship代表了SpaceX早期可重复使用模型Falcon 9的进步，因为Starship的可重复使用火箭现在可以在快速检查后重新加油，并准备好再次飞行。根据句意，这里表示Starship现在具备了新的能力，根据句子结构，使用情态动词can和动词原形构成复合谓语。故填can。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 Shanxi Province has taken on a new look now. 1 (speed) up the construction of a modern industrial system and promote high-quality development, it has advanced scientific and technological innovation over the past years. A network of laboratories, research academies and experimental centers has played a key role in driving innovation, 2 contributes to Shanxi’s shift from old to new development. Shanxi 3 (begin) to focus on developing 16 provincial industrial chains in 2021, including electronics and information, new energy, recycled materials, advanced equipment manufacturing 4 modern pharmaceuticals (制药业). The province has also established 18 specialized towns, each 5 its distinct local characteristics. 6 rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has fueled significant 7 (grow) in Shanxi’s digital economy, noting that AI applications in coal and mining have boosted production capacity while 8 (improve) energy security. Shanxi also supports the broader use of AI in sectors such as transportation, education, healthcare and grassroots governance, and it can advance social and 9 (economy) development. “Digital technology has played a major role in protecting and researching cultural relics,” said Hang Kan, director of the Yungang Research Institute. “ 10 (current), we are planning to launch construction of a digital exhibition hall this year to provide better service to visitors to the Yungang Grottoes,” he said. 【答案】 1．To speed 2．which 3．began 4．and 5．with 6．The 7．growth 8．improving 9．economic 10．Currently 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了山西省近年来在现代化工业体系建设、科技创新、人工智能应用以及文化遗产保护等方面所取得的进展和成就。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加快现代化工业体系建设，推动高质量发展，山西省近年来推进了科技创新。空处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，需用不定式形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To speed。 2．考查定语从句。句意：一个由实验室、研究院和实验中心组成的网络在推动创新方面发挥了关键作用，这有助于山西从旧的发展模式向新的发展模式转变。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3．考查动词时态。句意：2021年，山西开始聚焦发展16条省级产业链，包括电子信息、新能源、再生材料、先进装备制造和现代制药业。根据时间状语“in 2021”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填began。 4．考查连词。句意：2021年，山西开始聚焦发展16条省级产业链，包括电子信息、新能源、再生材料、先进装备制造和现代制药业。“electronics and information, new energy, recycled materials, advanced equipment manufacturing”和“modern pharmaceuticals”为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 5．考查介词。句意：该省还建立了18个特色小镇，每个小镇都有其独特的地方特色。with its distinct local characteristics表示“带有它独特的地方特色”，with 表示“具有，带有”。each with意为“每一个都带有”。故填with。 6．考查冠词。句意：人工智能的快速发展推动了山西数字经济的显著增长，值得注意的是，人工智能在煤炭和采矿领域的应用提高了生产能力，同时改善了能源安全。此处特指人工智能的快速发展，需用定冠词the修饰，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The。 7．考查名词。句意：人工智能的快速发展推动了山西数字经济的显著增长，值得注意的是，人工智能在煤炭和采矿领域的应用提高了生产能力，同时改善了能源安全。空处需填名词growth作宾语，抽象概念，不可数。故填growth。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能的快速发展推动了山西数字经济的显著增长，值得注意的是，人工智能在煤炭和采矿领域的应用提高了生产能力，同时改善了能源安全。空处应填非谓语动词和while构成时间状语，逻辑主语AI applications和improve为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填improving。 9．考查形容词。句意：山西还支持在交通、教育、医疗和基层治理等领域更广泛地使用人工智能，这可以促进社会和经济发展。修饰名词development，表示“经济的”需用形容词economic作定语。故填economic。 10．考查副词。句意：“目前，我们正计划在今年启动数字展览馆的建设，为云冈石窟的游客提供更好的服务，”他说。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词currently作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Currently。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The recent China-US Museum Leadership Forum at Chicago’s Field Museum has gathered experts from over 20 premier institutions across China and the US, according to the Xinhua News Agency. This academic exchange, focused on 1 (topic) such as digital innovation, achieved a milestone through a memorandum (备忘录) of understanding (MOU), 2 (establish) a sustainable framework for museum cooperation between the two countries. As David Pritzker, director of the Pritzker Art Collaborative, noted during the opening speech, “The best way to build trust is to have 3 (share) experience.” This philosophy materialized through the topic “Museum Cooperation during the New Globalization Era: Opportunities and Challenges,” 4 (intention) matching this year’s International Museum Day theme of “The Future of Museums in Rapidly Changing Communities,” which focused on how museums can contribute to 5 world that is undergoing profound social, technological, and environmental shifts. Over the past 45 years, museum exchanges between China and the US 6 (grow) significantly. Luo Wenli, director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration, emphasizes that such cooperation enables Americans 7 (witness) the continuity of Chinese civilization through its 8 (create) transformations. Behind the exhibition planning is the wisdom of experts from both countries, 9 are building an international cooperation network involving resource sharing 10 complementary advantages. 【答案】 1．topics 2．establishing 3．shared 4．intentionally 5．a 6．have grown 7．to witness 8．creative 9．who 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中美博物馆领导力论坛在芝加哥菲尔德博物馆举行，达成合作备忘录及相关合作情况。 1．考查名词。句意：本次学术交流聚焦于数字创新等主题，通过签署谅解备忘录，为中美两国博物馆合作建立了可持续框架，取得了里程碑式的成果。topic为可数名词，根据“such as digital innovation”可知，应用复数形式。故填topics。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句中已有谓语动词achieved，establish在句中作非谓语，动词establish与句子主语This academic exchange构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填establishing。 3．考查形容词。句意：正如普利兹克艺术合作组织主任大卫·普利兹克在开幕致辞中所说：“建立信任的最佳方式是拥有共同经历。”空处修饰名词experience，应用形容词shared“共同的”，作定语。故填shared。 4．考查副词。句意：这一理念通过“新全球化时代的博物馆合作：机遇与挑战”这一话题得以体现，有意地与今年国际博物馆日“快速变化的社区中博物馆的未来”这一主题相契合，该主题聚焦于博物馆如何为正在经历深刻社会、技术和环境变革的世界做出贡献。修饰动词matching，应用副词intentionally“故意地；有意地”，作状语。故填intentionally。 5．考查冠词。句意同上。此处泛指“一个世界”，应用不定冠词，world以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 6．考查时态。句意：在过去的45年里，中美博物馆交流显著增长。根据时间状语Over the past 45 years可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语museum exchanges为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have grown。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：国家文物局局长罗文利强调，这种合作使美国人能够见证中华文明在其创造性变革中的延续性。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”为固定短语，空处应用不定式作宾补。故填to witness。 8．考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词transformations，应用形容词creative“创造性的”，作定语。故填creative。 9．考查定语从句。句意：展览策划的背后是两国专家的智慧，他们正在建立一个国际合作网络，涉及资源共享和优势互补。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词experts，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 10．考查连词。句意同上。resource sharing和complementary advantages为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 Unit 4 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 一、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语时的意义 通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。 2．过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)单个过去分词作定语时，常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰词的后面。此时，过去分词短语可转化为相应的定语从句。 (2)如果被修饰的词是由every­、some­、any­、no­与­thing、­body、­one共同构成的复合不定代词或者指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。 [名师点津]　(1)有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。 (2)某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。 3．过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语的区别 过去分词 done 被动关系、动作已经完成 used books用过的书 cooked food熟食 现在分词 doing 主动关系、动作正在进行 a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子 being done 被动关系、动作正在进行 the house being built正在建设的房子 不定 式 to do 主动关系、动作尚未发生 the guests to come即将到来的客人 to be done 被动关系、动作尚未发生 the problem to be solved有待于解决的问题 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．过去分词和宾语之间的关系 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，表示该动词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；少数不及物动词(如fall、go、change等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作的完成；seat、hide、dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时一般表示宾语的状态，不表示被动或完成。 2．过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 (1)用在表状态的动词keep、leave等后面，构成“keep/leave＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 (2)用在表示“致使”意义的动词have、get、make等后面，构成“have/get/make＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 (3)用在感官动词或表示心理状态的动词see、watch、observe、find、hear、feel、notice等后面，构成“see/watch/...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 (4)用在表示“爱憎、意愿”等的动词like、hate、want、wish等后面，构成“like/hate/...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 (5)用在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中作状语，表示时间、方式、条件、原因等。 练习 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For those traveling to the Bingling Temple Grottoes in Gansu province, the journey 1 (it) is an experience. The recommended way 2 (reach) the temple is to take a shuttle boat, which allow visitors to see 3 natural wonder of the clear green water of the Yellow River merging with the yellow currents of the Tao River. As the boats approach, the mountains on either side close in, 4 (reveal) a red sandstone Danxia landscape and forming the backdrop for Bingling Temple Grottoes. For more than a thousand years, people carved stories and beliefs into the mountains with a level of craftsmanship matching the magnificence of nature. Located in the cliffs above the temple’s biggest Buddha statue, Cave 169 is the earliest dated grotto in China, 5 the style of sculpture and the imagery allow scholars to track the route of the spread of Buddhism in ancient China. In order to reach it, visitors must climb several flights of 6 (wood) stairs beside the statue. However, the structures at Bingling Temple were destroyed during the wars of the late Qing Dynasty. It wasn’t until after the founding of the People’s Republic of China 7 efforts were made to restore the grottoes. In 1955, an institute was established for their 8 (preserve), and in 1961, the site was declared as a national key cultural heritage protection unit. In recent years, a series 9 conservation projects funded by national-and-provincial-level funds 10 (conduct) to restore the grottoes. 【答案】 1．itself 2．to reach 3．the 4．revealing 5．where 6．wooden 7．that 8．preservation 9．of 10．have been conducted 【导语】这篇文章属于说明文。文章围绕甘肃炳灵寺石窟展开，详细介绍了前往石窟的独特方式、石窟的地理位置、历史价值、曾经遭受的破坏，以及新中国成立后对其进行保护和修复的举措。 1．考查反身代词。句意：对于那些前往甘肃炳灵寺石窟的游客来说，旅程本身就是一种体验。此处用itself作the journey的同位语，表示“旅程本身”。故填itself。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：到达该寺庙的推荐方式是乘坐摆渡船。这里考查the way to do sth.，为固定搭配，意为“做某事的方式”，所以应用不定式作后置定语。故填to reach。 3．考查冠词。句意：到达该寺庙的推荐方式是乘坐摆渡船，这让游客能够看到黄河清澈的绿水与洮河黄色的水流交汇这一自然奇观。此处“natural wonder”是特指“黄河清澈的绿水与洮河黄色的水流交汇”这一自然奇观，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：当船只靠近时，两侧的山脉逐渐靠拢，展现出红色砂岩丹霞地貌，成为炳灵寺石窟的背景。此处考查非谓语，reveal的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主动关系，再由语境可知，这里应用现在分词作结果状语。故填revealing。 5．考查定语从句。句意：第169号洞窟位于寺庙最大佛像上方的悬崖上，是中国有年代可考的最早的石窟，其雕塑风格和图像能让学者追踪佛教在中国古代的传播路线。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是Cave 169，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6．考查形容词。句意：为了到达那里，游客必须爬上佛像旁边的几级木制楼梯。stairs是名词，前面用形容词修饰，wood的形容词形式wooden，表示“木制的”，符合语境。故填wooden。 7．考查强调句。句意：直到中华人民共和国成立后，才努力对石窟进行修复。这里考查“It was...that...” ，是强调句结构，此处强调时间状语after the founding of the People’s Republic of China。故填that。 8．考查名词。句意：1955年，为了保护石窟成立了一个机构，1961年，该遗址被宣布为国家重点文化遗产保护单位。their是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，preserve的名词形式preservation，表示“保护”，为不可数名词。故填preservation。 9．考查固定搭配。句意：近年来，由国家和省级资金资助的一系列保护项目已开展来修复石窟。这里考查a series of...，为固定短语，意为“一系列……”，符合语境。故填of。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：近年来，由国家和省级资金资助的一系列保护项目已开展来修复石窟。此空考查谓语动词，In recent years是现在完成时的标志，a series of conservation projects与conduct之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，“a series of...”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have been conducted。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many Chinese people know there are several conservators working at the Palace Museum. However, they may have 1 (rare) heard of Qiu Jinxian, who was the first Chinese hired at the British Museum. Since 1987, 2 conservator from Shanghai has been there leading the restoration of ancient Chinese paintings for 30 years. Qiu was just invited 3 (demonstrate) her skills at the British Museum by chance. She showed her Chinese techniques by 4 (restore) a fire-damaged landscape painting, 5 was asked by the museum to stay to help restore the 1,500 ancient Chinese paintings 6 (house) there. The 7 (expert) at the British Museum said they were amazed by her methods. They recalled that she poured the boiling water directly on the surface of the painting after 8 (inspect) the color of the pigment (色素), and then she rinsed (用清水冲洗) and dried it. The process was repeated 5 times until it had been repaired. Today, in the British Museum, Qiu keeps restoring the Chinese ancient paintings 9 the help of her students. Some of her past students have now worked as specialists on the art in museums across the world. “It is thanks to her that many of the Museum’s Chinese paintings can 10 (display) today,” the museum writes on its website. 【答案】 1．rarely 2．the 3．to demonstrate 4．restoring 5．which 6．housed 7．experts 8．inspecting 9．with 10．be displayed 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了中国文物修复专家邱锦仙在大英博物馆工作的故事，包括她的修复工作以及对大英博物馆中国古画修复的贡献。 1．考查副词。句意：然而，他们可能很少听说过邱锦仙，她是第一位被大英博物馆聘用的中国人。rare是形容词，意思是“稀有的”，这里需用副词修饰动词heard。故填rarely。 2．考查冠词。句意：自1987年以来，这位来自上海的修复师一直在那里领导古代中国绘画的修复工作已有30年。conservator是可数名词，此处表示特指，指代邱锦仙。故填the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：邱锦仙只是偶然被邀请在大英博物馆展示她的技艺。invite sb to do sth是固定句式，表示“邀请某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故填to demonstrate。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：她通过修复一幅被火烧坏的风景画展示了她的中国技术，这幅画是博物馆请她留下来帮助修复那里收藏的1500幅古画之一。by是介词，后接动名词形式。故填restoring。 5．考查定语从句。句意：她通过修复一幅被火烧坏的风景画展示了她的中国技术，这幅画是博物馆请她留下来帮助修复那里收藏的1500幅古画之一。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词painting，指物，并在从句中作主语，应该使用关系代词which。故填which。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：她通过修复一幅被火烧坏的风景画展示了她的中国技术，这幅画是博物馆请她留下来帮助修复那里收藏的1500幅古画之一。house在这里是个动词，意思是“安置”，句子中已经存在谓语was asked，所以house需要转为非谓语，它与逻辑主语paintings之间是被动关系，需用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填housed。 7．考查名词复数。句意：大英博物馆的专家们对她的方法感到惊讶。根据后文的they判断，这里指代多名专家，应该使用复数形式。故填experts。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们回忆说，在检查了颜料的颜色后，她直接把开水倒在画的表面，然后冲洗并晾干。after是介词，后接动名词形式作宾语。故填inspecting。 9．考查介词。句意：今天，在大英博物馆，邱锦仙在她的学生的帮助下继续修复中国古画。with the help of是固定短语，表示“在……的帮助下”。故填with。 10．考查被动语态。句意：“多亏了她，博物馆的许多中国绘画才能在今天展出，”博物馆在其网站上写道。display在句中作谓语，和主语之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，横线前有情态动词can，be使用原形即可。故填be displayed。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For many, cycling to Lhasa is a romantic dream. But for Li Shuangsheng and his son, Li Xuyao, it was 1 36-day, 2298-kilometer journey of growth — crossing 14 mountains over 4,000 meters and 2 (battle) altitude (海拔) sickness. This was the father’s special gift to his son’s 16th birthday. Setting off 3 Chongqing, they rode in a “father in front, son behind” formation, determined to bike up one mountain each day. One day, they so 4 (catch) in a heavy rainstorm on Kazila Mountain’s slopes (山坡). Li Shuangsheng led the way downhill and stopped by the roadside to wait for his son. Ten minutes later, Li Xuyao appeared, 5 (cover) in mud. His bike, 6 chain had slipped off, caused him to lose balance and fall to the ground. During the day, the mountain roads, burning sun, and rainstorms exhausted the father and the son. At night, they either sheltered with Tibetan families 7 camped alone. Several times, the father jokingly suggested giving up, but Li Xuyao always replied 8 (firm), “No way. I’ll do whatever it takes to get there.” After wearing down six sets of brake pads (刹车片), they finally arrived in Lhasa. For Li Xuyao’s mother, it was a moment of 9 (relieve) and pride. “I prayed for their safe return every night,” she said. “My son has grown into a 10 (tough) and more mature young man.” 【答案】 1．a 2．battling 3．from 4．were caught 5．covered 6．whose 7．or 8．firmly 9．relief 10．tougher 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对父子从重庆骑行至拉萨的故事，展现了坚持、成长与父爱的主题。 1．考查不定冠词。句意：但对李双胜和他的儿子李叙尧来说，这是一段36天、2298公里的成长之旅——翻越14座4000多米高的山峰，与高原反应作斗争。此处“36-day”作为形容词修饰journey，表“一段36天的旅程”，且该词的发音是辅音音素开头。故填a。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：但对李双胜和他的儿子李叙尧来说，这是一段36天、2298公里的成长之旅——翻越14座4000多米高的山峰，与高原反应作斗争。此空与前面“crossing”并列，作伴随状语，表“与高原反应斗争的成长之旅”。故填battling。 3．考查介词。句意：他们从重庆出发，排成“父前子后”的队形，决心每天骑上一座山。短语set off from+地点。故填from。 4．考查时态语态。句意：有一天，他们在卡兹拉山的山坡上遇到了一场暴雨。此处描述过去事件，需用一般过去时，主语与谓语构成被动关系，句子主语是they，系动词用复数。故填were caught。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：十分钟后，浑身是泥的李叙尧出现了。此处Li Xuyao与cover构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填covered。 6．考查定语从句。句意：他的自行车链条滑了，使他失去平衡，摔倒在地。引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his bike，在从句作定语。故填whose。 7．考查连词。句意：晚上，他们要么和藏族家庭住在一起，要么独自露营。either...or…表“要么……要么……”。故填or。 8．考查副词。句意：几次，父亲开玩笑地建议放弃，但李旭耀总是坚定地回答：“不行。”修饰动词replied用副词firmly。故填firmly. 9．考查名词。句意：对于李叙尧的母亲来说，这是一个宽慰和自豪的时刻。此处介词“of”后接名词relief，a moment of relief表“一个如释重负又充满自豪的时刻”。故填relief。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：“我的儿子已经成长为一个更坚强、更成熟的年轻人。”此处“and”连接并列形容词比较级，与more mature结构一致。故填tougher。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China has in the past decade channeled 76. 7 billion cubic meters of water from the Yangtze River basin to 1 country’s drought-prone northern regions, according to a water resources official. Wang Daoxi, vice-minister of water resources, made the remark recently at a news conference 2 was organized by the State Council Information Office to mark the 10th anniversary (周年) of the great project’s operation. “After sustainable expansion of areas 3 (cover) by the project, it now supplies water to 45 medium and large-sized cities, 4 (benefit) 185 million people,” Wang said. “The project’s 5 (construct) influence has increasingly extended beyond medium and large cities to rural areas, leading to a massive number of 6 (individual) enjoying its benefits year after another. ” Wang also highlighted the significant role of the project 7 helping to improve the ecological environment of rivers and lakes in North China. “Thanks to the project, 8 (rough) 11. 8 billion cubic meters of water has been refilled into more than 50 rivers, ” he said. The Yongding River, which dried up in 1996, for example, witnessed continuous water flow along its 865-kilometer course in August 2021. Over the last three years, the mother river of Beijing 9 (maintain) a year-round flow along its entire 10 (long). 【答案】 1．the 2．that/which 3．covered 4．benefiting 5．constructive 6．individuals 7．in 8．roughly 9．has maintained 10．length 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。南水北调工程是中国的一项重大战略性工程，旨在解决中国北方地区的水资源短缺问题，是一项惠及民生的重大世纪工程。 1．考查冠词。句意：据一位水资源官员称，在过去的十年里，中国的南水北调工程从长江流域向该国干旱易发的北方地区输送了767亿立方米的水。此处用定冠词 the表示特指，the country指前面的 China。故填the。 2．考查定语从句。句意：水利部副部长王道席最近在国务院新闻办公室举办的纪念三峡工程运行十周年的新闻发布会上发表了上述言论。分析该句结构可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词为a news conference，指代物，所以用关系词 that或 which。故填that/which。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：王说：“经过工程覆盖区域的持续扩大，现在它向45个大中型城市供水，使1.85亿人受益。”分析该句成分可知，所填词与其逻辑主语 areas存在动宾关系，故用所给动词的过去分词 covered，在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的名词 areas。故填covered。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：王说：“经过工程覆盖区域的持续扩大，现在它向45个大中型城市供水，使1.85亿人受益。”分析该句成分可知，该空用所给动词的现在分词 benefiting，在句中作结果状语。故填benefiting。 5．考查形容词。句意：这项工程的建设性影响已经越来越多地从大中城市延伸到农村地区，使大量的个人年复一年地享受到它的好处。根据该空后的名词 influence 可知，该空用所给动词的形容词 constructive。constructive influence意为“积极的影响”。故填constructive。 6．考查名词复数。句意：这项工程的建设性影响已经越来越多地从大中城市延伸到农村地区，使大量的个人年复一年地享受到它的好处。根据空前的a massive number of 可知，该空用所给名词的复数 individuals。故填individuals。 7．考查介词。句意：王还强调了该项目在帮助改善中国北方河流和湖泊生态环境方面的重要作用。名词role与介词in连用表示“在某事物或某活动中扮演的角色或起到的作用”。故填in。 8．考查副词。句意：他说：“多亏了这个工程，大约118亿立方米的水被重新注入了50多条河流。”根据该空后的11. 8 billion cubic 可知，该空需用所给形容词的副词 roughly，在此处用来描述数量。故填roughly。 9．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三年里，北京的母亲河一直保持着全年的流量。根据前面的时间状语 Over the last three years及主语 the mother river可知，该空用现在完成时态 has maintained。故填has maintained。 10．考查名词。句意：在过去的三年里，北京的母亲河一直保持着全年的流量。根据该空前的形容词 entire可知，该空用所给形容词的名词 length。故填length。 Unit 5 过去分词作表语和状语 一、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语的用法 过去分词可放在系动词be、get、feel、remain、seem、look、become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有： 二、过去分词作状语 1．过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果，相当于一个状语从句或一个并列句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，二者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 (1)作时间状语：相当于时间状语从句，可在过去分词前加上连词when、while、until等，使其时间意义更明确。 (2)作原因状语：相当于原因状语从句或并列句。 (3)作条件状语：相当于条件状语从句，可加连词if、unless等转换成条件状语从句。 (4)作让步状语：相当于让步状语从句，有时可加although、though、even if、even though、whether ... or等连词转换成让步状语从句。 (5)作方式、伴随状语：相当于and连接的并列句。 (6)作结果状语：表示动作的直接结果。 [名师点津]　有些过去分词(短语)因源自系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。此类过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路)、seated(坐)、hidden(躲)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦)等。 2．过去分词作状语时的位置 过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 3．过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 [名师点津]　(1)分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主谓用­ing，动宾用­ed。 (2)无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 1 (celebrate) Chinese New Year. This adaptation moves the story from its traditional Christmas setting to the Spring Festival, 2 time of family reunions, integrating elements like the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac. The ballet keeps Tchaikovsky’s 3 (origin) score while weaving in typically Chinese cultural symbols such as paper fans, porcelain, and firecrackers, 4 (complete) absorbing the audience in the atmosphere of the Spring Festival. Star dancers Fang Mengying, Zhou Yue and Chang Sinuo 5 (take) on leading roles, attracting both locals and visitors alike. Under conductor Zhang Yi, the symphony orchestra provided an attractive musical backdrop, 6 strengthened the narrative (叙述) of love, magic and tradition. Artistic director Feng Ying emphasized the 7 (significant) of these performances as UNESCO put the Spring Festival on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity last year, in recognition of 8 (it) growing global appeal. These shows not only celebrate Chinese culture 9 promote cross-cultural understanding. Through dance, music, and storytelling, the National Ballet of China has bridged two worlds, offering an insight into the heart of Chinese celebrations and traditions. The success of Guo Nian underlines the increasing international recognition of Chinese cultural traditions, paving (铺) the way for even 10 (great) cultural exchange. 【答案】 1．celebrating 2．a 3．original 4．completely 5．took 6．which 7．significance 8．its 9．but 10．greater 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国国家芭蕾舞团在美演出《过年》的情况及意义。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：1月29日至2月2日，中国国家芭蕾舞团在华盛顿肯尼迪艺术中心上演了改编自柴可夫斯基《胡桃夹子》的中国版《过年》，共有七场演出庆祝中国新年。此处是with的复合结构，shows和celebrate之间是逻辑主动关系，celebrate用现在分词形式作宾补。故填celebrating。 2．考查冠词。句意：这一改编将故事从传统的圣诞节背景移至春节，一个家庭团聚的时刻，并融入了中国十二生肖等元素。“time of family reunions”是对“Spring Festival”的解释，泛指“一个……的时刻”，time以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。故填a。 3．考查形容词。句意：芭蕾舞剧保留了柴可夫斯基的原版配乐，同时融入了纸扇、瓷器和鞭炮等典型的中国文化符号，让观众完全沉浸在春节的氛围中。此处修饰名词score，用形容词original作定语，表示“原版的”。故填original。 4．考查副词。句意：芭蕾舞剧保留了柴可夫斯基的原版配乐，同时融入了纸扇、瓷器和鞭炮等典型的中国文化符号，让观众完全沉浸在春节的氛围中。此处修饰动词absorbing，用副词completely作状语，表示“完全地”。故填completely。 5．考查时态。句意：明星舞者方梦颖、周月和常斯诺担任主演，吸引了当地人和游客。空处为句子的谓语动词。此处描述过去发生的事情，谓语动词短语take on用一般过去时。故填took。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：在指挥张毅的带领下，交响乐团提供了迷人的音乐背景，强化了爱、魔法和传统的叙事。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句“交响乐团提供音乐背景”这一整件事，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 7．考查名词。句意：艺术总监冯英强调了这些演出的重要性，因为联合国教科文组织去年将春节列入了人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，以表彰其日益增长的全球吸引力。此处作emphasized的宾语，用名词significance，表示“重要性”。故填significance。 8．考查代词。句意：艺术总监冯英强调了这些演出的重要性，因为联合国教科文组织去年将春节列入了人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，以表彰其日益增长的全球吸引力。此处修饰名词appeal，用形容词性物主代词its，表示“它的”。故填its。 9．考查连词。句意：这些演出不仅庆祝中国文化，还促进了跨文化理解。not only...but (also)...为固定搭配，表示“不仅……还……”。故填but。 10．考查比较级。句意：《过年》的成功凸显了中国文化传统在国际上日益增长的认可度，为更广泛的文化交流铺平了道路。even修饰比较级，结合语境 “更广泛的文化交流”，所以空处用形容词的比较级greater作定语修饰名词短语cultural exchange。故填greater。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Music is a way to make art with sounds. It’s like a language that can be understood by everyone, even if people don’t speak the same words. There 1 (be) many kinds of music, like classical music, jazz, rock, and pop. Classical music comes from the traditions of Western people. It usually has a big group of 2 (musician) playing together and following a certain pattern. Jazz, 3 the other hand, developed from African American communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It’s famous for 4 (have) different beats that people make up as they go along. Jazz players often play alone for a bit, creating music on the spot. Rock music 5 (love) since the 1950s. It is characterized by a strong beat and electric guitars. Rock music has 6 effect on many other types of music and has fans all over the world. Pop music, short for popular music, is made to be liked by many people. It’s usually easy 7 (remember). Pop songs often talk about things to 8 lots of people can relate. Listening to music has many benefits. It can make you feel 9 (relax), reduce stress, and even make you smarter. Music has the power to bring people together, creating a sense of community and shared 10 (happy). 【答案】 1．are 2．musicians 3．on 4．having 5．has been loved 6．an 7．to remember 8．which 9．relaxed 10．happiness 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种音乐类型及其特点和音乐的益处。 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有很多种音乐，比如古典音乐、爵士乐、摇滚乐和流行音乐。句子描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，there be句型，主语many kinds of music是复数，be动词用are。故填are。 2．考查名词的数。句意：它通常有一大群音乐家一起演奏，遵循一定的模式。根据a big group of可知，本空用musician“音乐家”的复数形式musicians。故填musician。 3．考查固定短语。句意：另一方面，爵士乐是在19世纪末20世纪初由非裔美国人社区发展而来的。on the other hand“另一方面”，是固定短语。故填on。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：它以拥有人们即兴创作的不同节奏而闻名。本空作介词for的宾语，用have“有”的动名词having。故填having。 5．考查时态和语态。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，摇滚乐一直深受喜爱。根据时间状语since the 1950s可知，love“喜爱”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语Rock music与love之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has been loved。 6．考查固定短语。句意：摇滚乐对许多其他类型的音乐有影响，并且在全世界都有粉丝。have an effect on“对……有影响”，是固定短语。故填an。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：它通常很容易记住。空前的It为形式主语，本空用remember“记住”的不定式，作真正的主语。故填to remember。 8．考查定语从句。句意：流行歌曲经常谈论许多人能产生共鸣的事情。things后为定语从句，先行词是things，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，所以用which引导。relate to意思为：与……建立联系。故填which。 9．考查形容词。句意：它能让你感到放松，减轻压力，甚至让你更聪明。feel是系动词，后接形容词作表语，此处修饰人，用relaxed“感到放松的”。故填relaxed。 10．考查名词。句意：音乐有把人们聚集在一起的力量，营造一种社区感和共同的快乐。作creating的宾语，用happy的名词happiness“快乐”。故填happiness。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Johann Sebastian Bach is often celebrated for his sacred (神圣的) works, like St. Matthew Passion and The Well-Tempered Clavier. But in his huge collection of works, there is a less famous piece that shows a fun and 1 (play) side of the composer: the Coffee Cantata. This funny piece, 2 (compose) around 32-34, is different from Bach’s usual serious and religious themes. 3 (appreciate) the Coffee Cantata fully, it is essential to understand the cultural background against which it was written. Coffee, introduced to Europe in the th century, had become a fashionable and controversial drink by Bach’s time. In Leipzig, 4 Bach served as the Thomaskantor, coffeehouses were booming social centers, attracting intellectuals, artists, and 5 (businessman). However, the drink’s growing popularity also caused debates about its effects 6 health and morality, particularly among women, who were 7 (increasing) frequenting coffeehouses. Bach’s Coffee Cantata is really funny, charming, and musically clever. It shows what life 8 (be) like back in 18th-century Leipzig, especially how people felt about drinking coffee. The story is fun, the characters are lively, and the music is beautiful. This piece offers 9 unique window into Bach’s world, 10 (reveal) that he could enjoy simple pleasures just as much as he could create deep and serious music. 【答案】 1．playful 2．composed 3．To appreciate 4．where 5．businessmen 6．on 7．increasingly 8．was 9．a 10．revealing 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了音乐家巴赫的《咖啡康塔塔》。这部作品展现了巴赫幽默、风趣的一面，反映了18世纪莱比锡的咖啡文化和当时社会对咖啡的争议，同时也展现了巴赫音乐的多样性。 1．考查形容词。句意：但在他庞大的作品收藏中，有一首不太出名的作品展示了这位作曲家有趣和俏皮的一面：《咖啡康塔塔》。and连接并列成分，fun是形容词，所以此处需用play的形容词形式playful，来描述作曲家有趣好玩的一面。故填playful。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这首有趣的曲子创作于32-34年，不同于巴赫通常的严肃和宗教主题。此句已有谓语is，compose和主语This funny piece构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，表“被创作”。故填composed。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：要充分欣赏《咖啡康塔塔》，就必须了解它写作的文化背景。此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填To appreciate。 4．考查定语从句。句意：在莱比锡，巴赫曾担任托马斯教堂合唱指挥，咖啡馆是蓬勃发展的社交中心，吸引了知识分子、艺术家和商人。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Leipzig，在定语从句中作地点状语，即“在莱比锡巴赫担任圣托马斯教堂合唱指挥”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 5．考查名词复数。句意同上。and连接并列名词，intellectuals和artists用的复数形式，所以businessman也用复数businessmen，表示“商人们”。故填businessmen。 6．考查介词。句意：然而，这种饮料的日益流行也引发了关于其对健康和道德影响的争论，尤其是在女性中，她们越来越频繁地光顾咖啡馆。effects on...是固定搭配，意为“对……的影响”，这里说咖啡对健康和道德的影响，所以用on。故填on。 7．考查副词。句意同上。frequenting是动词，需用副词修饰，increasing的副词形式是increasingly，意为“越来越多地”，修饰frequent。故填increasingly。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它展示了18世纪莱比锡的生活，尤其是人们对喝咖啡的感受。根据时间状语“back in 18th-century Leipzig”可知，描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语life是单数，所以be动词用was。故填was。 9．考查冠词。句意：这首曲子提供了一个独特的窗口，让我们了解巴赫的世界，他可以享受简单的快乐，就像他可以创作深刻而严肃的音乐一样。window在此处表示“一个窗口”，表泛指，且unique以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此句已有谓语offers，reveal和主语This piece构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，表示“揭示出……”。故填revealing。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tyrus Wong arrived in San Francisco from China in 1920 as a 10-year-old who loved calligraphy. By the end of the next decade, he was working for Disney, on his way to 1 (become) one of America’s greatest immigrant success stories. In his long and 2 (vary) career, Wong developed a pioneering style, achieving brilliance in 3 (profession) such as painting, illustration, and even kite making. Yet the cornerstone of his legendary status remains his design work for the 1942film Bambi. Inspired by the simplicities of Song dynasty landscapes, Wong’s influence on Bambi revealed, perhaps for the first time, 4 an animated feature film could rise to high art. Karen Fang, author of Background Artist: The Life and Work of Tyrus Wong, the definitive new biography arriving next month, 5 (plan) the book ever since Wong died in 2016, at the age of 106. 6 Fang describes vividly in the book, Wong “had this famous fine arts career before he went into commercial art.” Wong seemed 7 (draw) little distinction between the two, at least in terms of the artistry he brought 8 every project. Certainly he poured himself into his distinctive Christmas cards, which combined Western traditions with Eastern aesthetic minimalism. These cards, even more than Bambi, brought him true 9 (nation) fame for the first time. Wong’s genius 10 (integrate) the simplicity of Chinese brushstrokes with the rhythm of California modernity. He channeled his optimism and talent to become, quietly, one of the greatest unsung American artists of the 20th century. 【答案】 1．becoming 2．varied 3．professions 4．that 5．has been planning 6．As 7．to have drawn 8．to 9．national 10．integrated 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Tyrus Wong作为一位移民到美国的艺术家，如何凭借自己的才华和努力，在动画、绘画、插画等多个领域取得卓越成就，并成为20世纪美国最伟大的未被歌颂的艺术家之一。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：到下一个十年末，他开始为迪士尼工作，即将成为美国最伟大的移民成功故事之一。on one’s way to doing sth.为固定短语，意为“即将做某事，在去做某事的路上”，to为介词，后接动名词形式。故填becoming。 2．考查形容词。句意：在他漫长而多样的职业生涯中，Wong开创了一种先锋风格，在绘画、插画甚至风筝制作等领域都取得了卓越成就。修饰名词career，需用形容词作定语，vary为动词，其形容词形式为varied，意为“各种各样的”。故填varied。 3．考查名词。句意：在他漫长而多样的职业生涯中，Wong开创了一种先锋风格，在绘画、插画甚至风筝制作等领域都取得了卓越成就。in为介词，后接名词作宾语，profession为可数名词，结合“such as painting, illustration, and even kite making”可知，此处不止一个领域，需用名词复数形式。故填professions。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：受宋代山水画简洁风格的启发，Wong对《小鹿斑比》的影响首次揭示了一部动画长片如何能达到高雅艺术的境界。revealed后为宾语从句，从句不缺成分且句意完整，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 5．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：Karen Fang是《背景艺术家：Tyrus Wong的生活与工作》一书的作者，该书将于下月出版，自Wong于2016年去世，享年106岁以来，她一直在策划这本书。根据时间状语“ever since Wong died in 2016”以及句意可知需要用现在完成进行时，主语为Karen Fang，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has been planning。 6．考查定语从句。句意：正如Fang在书中生动描述的那样，Wong“在从事商业艺术之前，就已经有了著名的美术生涯”。此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作describes的宾语，指代后面整个句子，意为“正如”，句首单词首字母大写。故填As。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：至少在他为每个项目带来的艺术性方面，Wong似乎并没有在这两者之间画出明显的界限。seem to do sth.为固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，此处draw发生在seemed之前，需用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have drawn。 8．考查介词。句意：至少在他为每个项目带来的艺术性方面，Wong似乎并没有在这两者之间画出明显的界限。bring sth. to...为固定短语，意为“把某物带到……”。故填to。 9．考查形容词。句意：这些卡片，甚至比《小鹿斑比》更早，第一次给他带来了真正的全国性声誉。修饰名词fame，需用形容词作定语，nation为名词，其形容词形式为national，意为“全国的”。故填national。 10．考查动词时态。句意：Wong的天才之处在于将中国笔触的简洁与加利福尼亚现代性的节奏融为一体。空处作谓语，陈述过去发生的事实，需用一般过去时。故填integrated。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 总复习 语法填空练习 目录 Unit 1 1 限制性定语从句 1 练习 2 Unit 2 5 现在进行时的被动语态 5 练习 6 Unit 3 8 现在完成时的被动语态 8 练习 9 Unit 4 13 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 13 练习 14 Unit 5 17 过去分词作表语和状语 17 练习 18 Unit 1 限制性定语从句 一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1．限制性定语从句 它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。 2．非限制性定语从句 它只是对先行词做附加补充或说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号与主句分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。 二、限制性定语从句的三种用法 1．定语从句中关系代词用that不用which的七种情况 (1)当先行词是all、much、little、few、everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。 (2)当先行词被the only、the last、the very 等修饰时。 (3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 (4)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 (5)当先行词中既有表示人，又有表示物的名词时。 (6)当主句的主语是疑问词which时。 (7)当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 2．定语从句中关系词可以省略的三种情况 (1)当先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系词通常省略。 (2)当先行词是way、time等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式状语、时间状语时，其后的定语从句中相应的关系词that/in which、when等可以省略。 (3)当由and、but、or等并列连词连接的两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可以省略，但第二个及以后的关系词一般不可以省略。 3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1)五种构成形式 构成 句法功能 用法指津 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some、many、most、each等不定代词替换 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 和whose 介词＋关系副词 状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where、when前加介词from或to (2)选用介词的四个依据 ①根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)选用相应的介词。 ②根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)选用相应的介词。 ③根据句子的意思来选择介词。 ④表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。 [名师点津]　在定语从句中，有一些含有介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Rice paper, known in Chinese as “Kong Dan”, has a rich cultural history and diverse 1 (application) , primarily in Asian cuisine and arts. This delicate paper is made from the rice plant or various other plants 2 bamboo, and it possesses unique characteristics 3 set it apart from conventional paper. Rice paper typically exhibits a thin, translucent (半透明的) quality while remaining strong enough for various uses. That’s because during production process, the raw material is pounded and then dried under controlled conditions 4 (ensure) durability (持久性) of rice paper. Rice paper is most famous for its use in spring rolls. It has the ability to transform from a stiff sheet to a flexible one ideal for 5 (wrap) fresh vegetables, meats, and herbs. Besides, rice paper plays an 6 (incredible) significant role in traditional East Asian painting and calligraphy. Artists take advantage of the unique features of rice paper to create 7 (deep) in their works, showcasing the skill of the artist and the material’s capabilities. Transitioning from these traditional uses, rice paper has recently gained popularity in Western cultures, leading to more 8 (innovate) dishes and modern crafts. In summary, rice paper is not that simple. As cultures continue to mix, the potential for rice paper to inspire both new recipes and artistic expressions 9 (remain) promising, ensuring that this unique material finds 10 (it) place in kitchens and studios around the globe. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The handshake has been part of global society for a long time. In ancient Rome, the gesture was used to convey friendship and 1 (loyal). Pairs of clasped hands even appeared on Roman coins, 2 (indicate) the importance of the action. We can see that the handshake served to convey peaceful intentions, but why? One theory 3 (link) to the fact that most of us are right-handed, and thus would have held a weapon in our right hands. By offering 4 empty right hand, strangers could show they were not armed and had no ill will to the other person. Shaking hands has become an essential part of business. Even though handshakes aren’t 5 (literal) used to confirm whether or not the other person is holding weapons anymore, they’ve maintained 6 (they) signal of showing good intentions. That’s a very important signal in business contexts, 7 people often meet with strangers in highly important settings. However, many 8 (country) don’t shake hands at all. In Japan, people bow 9 each other when meeting, while Ethiopian men touch shoulders. Therefore, it is important 10 (respect) different customs when we meet people from different backgrounds. 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (只需1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hand gestures are an important part of communication, 1 (particular) if we are speaking in a foreign language. They are a great way of making sure we’re getting 2   (we) point across and supporting what we’re trying to say. Many 3 (tourist) will also use hand gestures as a means of non-verbal communication when traveling in countries 4 they do not speak the local language. However, we should know that not all hand gestures have the same meaning in all countries! The peace sign 5 (seem) universal to Americans. Well, what’s widely accepted for Americans can be seen as insulting (侮辱的) in other countries around the world. The two fingers held aloft (在高处) in a V are fine if your palm (手掌) is facing out. 6 , in many countries outside of the US, the direction the palm is facing makes a major 7 (different) in the meaning. In Australia, New Zealand,and the United Kingdom, it 8 (consider) to be an insult if you make the same gesture but with your palm facing inward. In other words, you don’t order two beers in an English pub by 9 (hold) up two fingers with your palm facing you unless you want to get into a bit of a fight. And to some, two fingers held up 10 the palm facing out means V for victory - it may be hard to insult those people but you may find yourself rather misunderstood. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Culture shock is a term used to describe the feelings of confusion and 1 (frustrate) that people may experience when they move to a new country. When first arriving in a foreign country, many people are 2 (initial) excited by the novelty. They enjoy exploring new places, tasting different foods, and meeting new people. However, as time passes, the reality of culture shock often 3 (set) in. One of the main reasons for culture shock is the difference in 4 (value) and beliefs. For example, in some cultures, individualism is emphasized, while in others, collectivism is more important. These differences can lead 5 misunderstandings and conflicts. Another factor is the language barrier. Not being able to interact with others can make a person feel isolated. To deal with culture shock, it’s important to keep an open mind. Try to learn as much as you can about the local culture, 6 (include) its history, customs, and social norms. Making local friends can also be very helpful. They provide insights and support, which can help you to better understand the culture. In addition, it’s essential to give yourself time to adjust. Culture shock doesn’t disappear overnight. It’s a process that requires patience and perseverance. Some people may find it useful to write about their feelings in a journal. By doing so, they can better understand their own emotions and 7 they are changing over time. In conclusion, culture shock is a common experience for those who live or work abroad. 38 it can be difficult and uncomfortable at times, it’s also 9 opportunity for personal growth and learning. Through understanding and dealing with culture shock, we can become more culturally aware and 10 (adapt), which is beneficial to our increasingly globalized world. Unit 2 现在进行时的被动语态 一、含义 现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作，强调主语是动作的承受者。 二、结构 1．肯定句式：主语＋am/is/are＋being done ... 2．否定句式：主语＋am/is/are＋not being done ... 3．一般疑问句式：Am/Is/Are (not)＋主语＋being done ...? 4．特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋am/is/are (not)＋主语＋being done ...? 三、用法 1．表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now、at the moment等时间状语。 2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。 3．表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always、constantly、often等词连用，表示赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。 4．与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 [名师点津]　(1)stay、love、have、want、belong to等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。 (2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。 练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Andrea Carter was about 10 years old when she realized she wanted to devote her life to growing food. Growing up in Bethesda, Maryland with a few nearby farms, Carter spent many hours 1 (get) her hands dirty in a neighbor’s fields. “There wasn’t much to do except to weed tomatoes and pull kale,” she told Your Hot Job. “Looking back, it was 2 gift to be exposed to the outdoors, to farming, to where food comes from.” Today, Carter is an agronomist, a scientist 3 studies how plants grow. Agronomists, also known as crop scientists, use that knowledge to help farmers produce much 4 (good) crops in lager quantities. Because there are many 5 (factor) involved in plant growth, agronomists usually have a specific focus. For example, some 6 (special) in soil management, which involves keeping the soil healthy enough to grow plants. Others become experts on controlling weeds or protecting crops 7 insects and diseases. Carter focuses on desert plants, a choice 8 (influence) by her childhood: Carter’s mom is from North Africa, and the family spent time in Tunisia, a country with vast stretches of desert. That led Carter 9 (pursue) a PhD in plant science at the University of Arizona, in Tucson. The city is in the Sonoran Desert, where plants survive with minimal rain. “I came out to Arizona to learn about how people 10 (farm) in this dry landscape for thousands of years,” Carter says. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is a kind of scenery that’s 1 (unbelievable) amazing. If it were a painting or a photograph, you’d be sure that a certain degree of creative license had taken place. But it hasn’t. It’s all real. This is Sanjiangyuan, the largest in China’s new system of national parks. In the south of Qinghai Province, Sanjiangyuan covers an area about 2 size of England. The national park is part of a big plan 3 (create) a huge network of parks across China by 2030, with the primary objective to protect the country’s iconic (标志性的) ，and in many cases, endangered species. China is a country 4 has long sought to conserve (保护) the celebrated landscapes and rich biodiversity, with tens of thousands of protected areas nationwide. Most people visiting China have probably seen 5 (it) forest parks, scenic areas 6 nature reserves, but a fragmented (分散的) approach has prevented effective conservation of these areas through the years. WildChina explorer Kyle Obermann explains that “by uniting hundreds of protected areas 7 (manage) by various provinces, the new system’s goal is to make conservation 8 (easy) and stronger under the central authority of the new National Forestry and Grassland Administration.” This is good news for China’s wildlife. The plan, which 9 (begin) in 2015 with ten pilot parks, will cover 2.3% of China’s land area, 10 (combine) separate reserves to provide larger protected habitats for the country’s most at-risk creatures. 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Symbols of Animals in Chinese and Western Cultures In Chinese and Western cultures, animals 1 (acquire) different meanings over time. There are some elements 2 represent one thing to one culture, and something else entirely to another. The word “bat” in Chinese (“fu”) has the same 3 (pronounce) as the Chinese character meaning “luck, happiness and fortune”. Therefore, images of bats are often symbols of good luck in China. They are also appreciated 4 their ability to catch insects. 5 , in Western cultures, bats are often associated with darkness. Due to their unpleasant appearance and call, owls (猫头鹰) were for long considered symbols of bad luck in China. In consequence, owls were used in poetry 6 ( represent) evil. A poem in the Classic of Poetry, for example, was written in the tone of a 7 (frighten) bird being bullied by an owl. Owl. owl, as you have already taken my child, don’t destroy my nest. Yet in Western cultures, the owl is often regarded as 8 symbol of wisdom. In the popular Harry Potter series, the owl is an 9 (extreme) wise and helpful bird. These differences mirror each culture's distinct background. By exploring these, a deeper understanding of the rich cultures around the world can 10 (unlock). 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Twenty years ago as I began to gather research that would 1 (eventual) form the basis of my book, Riding Home: The Power of Horses to Heal, I first witnessed the psychological impact a horse can have on a human. It occurred when I was invited 2 (observe) a unique equine (马) program at a high-end health spa. It offered 3 it called the Equine Experience, created and led by a brilliant therapist. Over the next few years I watched as horses were brought in to assist therapists in 4 number of varied human rehabilitation programs. In addition 5 how horses helped with self-awareness, I could see how humans with mental wounds were also experiencing many profound healing 6 (effect) from interacting with horses. Today, under the 7 (guide) of a specialist, a horse can help anyone in need of emotional healing. Equine therapy (治疗) has become a 8 (benefit) and cost-effective program. To think that millions of mentally 9 (wound) men, women and children can get a second chance at a healthy and meaningful life is heartwarming. The idea that this can 10 (achieve) through a breakthrough in self-awareness that occurred from simply interacting with horses is extraordinary. Unit 3 现在完成时的被动语态 一、概念 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼点在现在。若主语与动词之间构成被动关系，则用现在完成时的被动语态。 二、基本结构 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done ... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done ... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done ...？ 特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done ...？ 三、用法 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语构成动宾关系。 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”等时间状语连用，此时，被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。 [名师点津]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： yet 已经　since then 从那时起 ever 曾经 already已经 recently/lately最近 ever since自那以来 by now到现在为止 for a long time 很长一段时间 in recent years在最近几年里 so far/up to now/till now/until now迄今为止 in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里 3．在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 四、注意事项 1．现在完成时的被动语态中，has/have been不可漏掉。 2．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在无关。 3．非延续性动词(如begin、start、buy、borrow、finish等)的现在完成时的被动语态，其肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其否定式则可以与for、since构成的时间状语连用。 4．短语动词用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。 练习 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new line-up of robots made their global debut (首次亮相)at the China International Industry Fair（CIIF）in Shanghai, showcasing enhanced intelligence, automation capabilities, and specialized 1 (feature) made for the Chinese market. China, the world's leading market for industrial robots, 2 are used in manufacturing, automotive, and electronics sectors, 3 (see) rapid growth in robotics technology over the past few years. The CIIF event highlighted the nation's cutting-edge 4 (technology) advancements and 85 latest innovations in the field. "AI, 6 a crucial driver for robotics development, is shaping a new era of industrial automation, 7 (create) new possibilities across all industries," a relevant supplier said. More than 350 robot brands came to the CIIF show. And they brought 132 global debuts of robots. Chinese firms also showed 8 (they) tech muscle with a lot of new releases. A robot-maker start-up showed a new kind of robot with embodied intelligence, which made robots have the ability 9 (learn) and deal with complicated tasks. With computer vision and other AI tech, the start-up's product can go beyond the traditional limitations of relying 10 (mere) on programming to complete repeated tasks. It can work with real-time perception and adaptation to the environment, learn and optimize decision-making, and complete tasks with efficiency. 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 SpaceX’s Starship sees the company get closer to its reusable rocket dream On Oct 13, 2024, the US-based space tech company SpaceX successfully completed its fifth test flight of Starship, a powerful rocket, in Texas, US. This brought the company one step closer to its goal of creating reusable rockets, reported AFP. The giant rocket is 12-meter-tall and it 1 (consist) of two parts, the Starship spacecraft at the top and the Super Heavy rocket 2 (attach) below. Around seven minutes after launch, the two separated about 70 kilometers above the ground. The rocket’s booster flew back and gradually adjusted 3 into a standing position. Then, it began to fall, as two large mechanical arms extended from the launch tower. Like a pair of chopsticks, they “caught” the 71-meter-tall booster and brought it down to a gentle stop. Later on, the spacecraft landed in the Indian Ocean as planned. SpaceX said on its website that its engineers “spent years preparing and months testing for the booster catch attempt”. During the test, teams kept checking to ensure both the booster and the tower fit “thousands” of standards 4 any attempt to return the booster was made. Had the conditions not been satisfied, it would have been redirected for a splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico, as in previous tests. SpaceX was founded in 2002 with the ultimate goal of helping humans settle on the moon, Mars and beyond. The company has grown rapidly into a leader in the space industry thanks to its strategy of “fail fast, learn fast”. The Starship’s first few test flights failed due to problems 5 explosions or a loss of contact. SpaceX sees failures as opportunities to gather data and speed up the creation of better systems than its competitors, 6 differs from the traditional approach of identifying and planning for potential problems before a launch, 7 practiced by organizations like NASA, which can be 8 (slow), according to The Conversation. For example, NASA’s Space Launch System-the rocket designed to take astronauts to the moon as part of the Artemis program-took over 10 years 9 (develop) before its first launch. Starship represents an advancement over SpaceX’s earlier reusable model, Falcon 9, as Starship’s reusable rockets 10 now have their tanks refilled after a quick check and get ready for the next flight again. “Starship is designed to achieve reflight of its rocket booster ultimately within an hour after liftoff,” Elon Musk said on X. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 Shanxi Province has taken on a new look now. 1 (speed) up the construction of a modern industrial system and promote high-quality development, it has advanced scientific and technological innovation over the past years. A network of laboratories, research academies and experimental centers has played a key role in driving innovation, 2 contributes to Shanxi’s shift from old to new development. Shanxi 3 (begin) to focus on developing 16 provincial industrial chains in 2021, including electronics and information, new energy, recycled materials, advanced equipment manufacturing 4 modern pharmaceuticals (制药业). The province has also established 18 specialized towns, each 5 its distinct local characteristics. 6 rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has fueled significant 7 (grow) in Shanxi’s digital economy, noting that AI applications in coal and mining have boosted production capacity while 8 (improve) energy security. Shanxi also supports the broader use of AI in sectors such as transportation, education, healthcare and grassroots governance, and it can advance social and 9 (economy) development. “Digital technology has played a major role in protecting and researching cultural relics,” said Hang Kan, director of the Yungang Research Institute. “ 10 (current), we are planning to launch construction of a digital exhibition hall this year to provide better service to visitors to the Yungang Grottoes,” he said. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The recent China-US Museum Leadership Forum at Chicago’s Field Museum has gathered experts from over 20 premier institutions across China and the US, according to the Xinhua News Agency. This academic exchange, focused on 1 (topic) such as digital innovation, achieved a milestone through a memorandum (备忘录) of understanding (MOU), 2 (establish) a sustainable framework for museum cooperation between the two countries. As David Pritzker, director of the Pritzker Art Collaborative, noted during the opening speech, “The best way to build trust is to have 3 (share) experience.” This philosophy materialized through the topic “Museum Cooperation during the New Globalization Era: Opportunities and Challenges,” 4 (intention) matching this year’s International Museum Day theme of “The Future of Museums in Rapidly Changing Communities,” which focused on how museums can contribute to 5 world that is undergoing profound social, technological, and environmental shifts. Over the past 45 years, museum exchanges between China and the US 6 (grow) significantly. Luo Wenli, director of the National Cultural Heritage Administration, emphasizes that such cooperation enables Americans 7 (witness) the continuity of Chinese civilization through its 8 (create) transformations. Behind the exhibition planning is the wisdom of experts from both countries, 9 are building an international cooperation network involving resource sharing 10 complementary advantages. Unit 4 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 一、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语时的意义 通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。 2．过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)单个过去分词作定语时，常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰词的后面。此时，过去分词短语可转化为相应的定语从句。 (2)如果被修饰的词是由every­、some­、any­、no­与­thing、­body、­one共同构成的复合不定代词或者指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。 [名师点津]　(1)有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。 (2)某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。 3．过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语的区别 过去分词 done 被动关系、动作已经完成 used books用过的书 cooked food熟食 现在分词 doing 主动关系、动作正在进行 a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子 being done 被动关系、动作正在进行 the house being built正在建设的房子 不定 式 to do 主动关系、动作尚未发生 the guests to come即将到来的客人 to be done 被动关系、动作尚未发生 the problem to be solved有待于解决的问题 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1．过去分词和宾语之间的关系 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，表示该动词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系；少数不及物动词(如fall、go、change等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作的完成；seat、hide、dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时一般表示宾语的状态，不表示被动或完成。 2．过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 (1)用在表状态的动词keep、leave等后面，构成“keep/leave＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 (2)用在表示“致使”意义的动词have、get、make等后面，构成“have/get/make＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 (3)用在感官动词或表示心理状态的动词see、watch、observe、find、hear、feel、notice等后面，构成“see/watch/...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 (4)用在表示“爱憎、意愿”等的动词like、hate、want、wish等后面，构成“like/hate/...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 (5)用在“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中作状语，表示时间、方式、条件、原因等。 练习 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For those traveling to the Bingling Temple Grottoes in Gansu province, the journey 1 (it) is an experience. The recommended way 2 (reach) the temple is to take a shuttle boat, which allow visitors to see 3 natural wonder of the clear green water of the Yellow River merging with the yellow currents of the Tao River. As the boats approach, the mountains on either side close in, 4 (reveal) a red sandstone Danxia landscape and forming the backdrop for Bingling Temple Grottoes. For more than a thousand years, people carved stories and beliefs into the mountains with a level of craftsmanship matching the magnificence of nature. Located in the cliffs above the temple’s biggest Buddha statue, Cave 169 is the earliest dated grotto in China, 5 the style of sculpture and the imagery allow scholars to track the route of the spread of Buddhism in ancient China. In order to reach it, visitors must climb several flights of 6 (wood) stairs beside the statue. However, the structures at Bingling Temple were destroyed during the wars of the late Qing Dynasty. It wasn’t until after the founding of the People’s Republic of China 7 efforts were made to restore the grottoes. In 1955, an institute was established for their 8 (preserve), and in 1961, the site was declared as a national key cultural heritage protection unit. In recent years, a series 9 conservation projects funded by national-and-provincial-level funds 10 (conduct) to restore the grottoes. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many Chinese people know there are several conservators working at the Palace Museum. However, they may have 1 (rare) heard of Qiu Jinxian, who was the first Chinese hired at the British Museum. Since 1987, 2 conservator from Shanghai has been there leading the restoration of ancient Chinese paintings for 30 years. Qiu was just invited 3 (demonstrate) her skills at the British Museum by chance. She showed her Chinese techniques by 4 (restore) a fire-damaged landscape painting, 5 was asked by the museum to stay to help restore the 1,500 ancient Chinese paintings 6 (house) there. The 7 (expert) at the British Museum said they were amazed by her methods. They recalled that she poured the boiling water directly on the surface of the painting after 8 (inspect) the color of the pigment (色素), and then she rinsed (用清水冲洗) and dried it. The process was repeated 5 times until it had been repaired. Today, in the British Museum, Qiu keeps restoring the Chinese ancient paintings 9 the help of her students. Some of her past students have now worked as specialists on the art in museums across the world. “It is thanks to her that many of the Museum’s Chinese paintings can 10 (display) today,” the museum writes on its website. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For many, cycling to Lhasa is a romantic dream. But for Li Shuangsheng and his son, Li Xuyao, it was 1 36-day, 2298-kilometer journey of growth — crossing 14 mountains over 4,000 meters and 2 (battle) altitude (海拔) sickness. This was the father’s special gift to his son’s 16th birthday. Setting off 3 Chongqing, they rode in a “father in front, son behind” formation, determined to bike up one mountain each day. One day, they so 4 (catch) in a heavy rainstorm on Kazila Mountain’s slopes (山坡). Li Shuangsheng led the way downhill and stopped by the roadside to wait for his son. Ten minutes later, Li Xuyao appeared, 5 (cover) in mud. His bike, 6 chain had slipped off, caused him to lose balance and fall to the ground. During the day, the mountain roads, burning sun, and rainstorms exhausted the father and the son. At night, they either sheltered with Tibetan families 7 camped alone. Several times, the father jokingly suggested giving up, but Li Xuyao always replied 8 (firm), “No way. I’ll do whatever it takes to get there.” After wearing down six sets of brake pads (刹车片), they finally arrived in Lhasa. For Li Xuyao’s mother, it was a moment of 9 (relieve) and pride. “I prayed for their safe return every night,” she said. “My son has grown into a 10 (tough) and more mature young man.” 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China has in the past decade channeled 76. 7 billion cubic meters of water from the Yangtze River basin to 1 country’s drought-prone northern regions, according to a water resources official. Wang Daoxi, vice-minister of water resources, made the remark recently at a news conference 2 was organized by the State Council Information Office to mark the 10th anniversary (周年) of the great project’s operation. “After sustainable expansion of areas 3 (cover) by the project, it now supplies water to 45 medium and large-sized cities, 4 (benefit) 185 million people,” Wang said. “The project’s 5 (construct) influence has increasingly extended beyond medium and large cities to rural areas, leading to a massive number of 6 (individual) enjoying its benefits year after another. ” Wang also highlighted the significant role of the project 7 helping to improve the ecological environment of rivers and lakes in North China. “Thanks to the project, 8 (rough) 11. 8 billion cubic meters of water has been refilled into more than 50 rivers, ” he said. The Yongding River, which dried up in 1996, for example, witnessed continuous water flow along its 865-kilometer course in August 2021. Over the last three years, the mother river of Beijing 9 (maintain) a year-round flow along its entire 10 (long). Unit 5 过去分词作表语和状语 一、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语的用法 过去分词可放在系动词be、get、feel、remain、seem、look、become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有： 二、过去分词作状语 1．过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随或结果，相当于一个状语从句或一个并列句。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，二者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 (1)作时间状语：相当于时间状语从句，可在过去分词前加上连词when、while、until等，使其时间意义更明确。 (2)作原因状语：相当于原因状语从句或并列句。 (3)作条件状语：相当于条件状语从句，可加连词if、unless等转换成条件状语从句。 (4)作让步状语：相当于让步状语从句，有时可加although、though、even if、even though、whether ... or等连词转换成让步状语从句。 (5)作方式、伴随状语：相当于and连接的并列句。 (6)作结果状语：表示动作的直接结果。 [名师点津]　有些过去分词(短语)因源自系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。此类过去分词(短语)常见的有：lost(迷路)、seated(坐)、hidden(躲)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦)等。 2．过去分词作状语时的位置 过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 3．过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 [名师点津]　(1)分词作状语记忆口诀 分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主谓用­ing，动宾用­ed。 (2)无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The National Ballet of China staged a production of Guo Nian, the Chinese version of Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington between January 29th and February 2nd, with seven shows 1 (celebrate) Chinese New Year. This adaptation moves the story from its traditional Christmas setting to the Spring Festival, 2 time of family reunions, integrating elements like the 12 animals of the Chinese zodiac. The ballet keeps Tchaikovsky’s 3 (origin) score while weaving in typically Chinese cultural symbols such as paper fans, porcelain, and firecrackers, 4 (complete) absorbing the audience in the atmosphere of the Spring Festival. Star dancers Fang Mengying, Zhou Yue and Chang Sinuo 5 (take) on leading roles, attracting both locals and visitors alike. Under conductor Zhang Yi, the symphony orchestra provided an attractive musical backdrop, 6 strengthened the narrative (叙述) of love, magic and tradition. Artistic director Feng Ying emphasized the 7 (significant) of these performances as UNESCO put the Spring Festival on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity last year, in recognition of 8 (it) growing global appeal. These shows not only celebrate Chinese culture 9 promote cross-cultural understanding. Through dance, music, and storytelling, the National Ballet of China has bridged two worlds, offering an insight into the heart of Chinese celebrations and traditions. The success of Guo Nian underlines the increasing international recognition of Chinese cultural traditions, paving (铺) the way for even 10 (great) cultural exchange. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Music is a way to make art with sounds. It’s like a language that can be understood by everyone, even if people don’t speak the same words. There 1 (be) many kinds of music, like classical music, jazz, rock, and pop. Classical music comes from the traditions of Western people. It usually has a big group of 2 (musician) playing together and following a certain pattern. Jazz, 3 the other hand, developed from African American communities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It’s famous for 4 (have) different beats that people make up as they go along. Jazz players often play alone for a bit, creating music on the spot. Rock music 5 (love) since the 1950s. It is characterized by a strong beat and electric guitars. Rock music has 6 effect on many other types of music and has fans all over the world. Pop music, short for popular music, is made to be liked by many people. It’s usually easy 7 (remember). Pop songs often talk about things to 8 lots of people can relate. Listening to music has many benefits. It can make you feel 9 (relax), reduce stress, and even make you smarter. Music has the power to bring people together, creating a sense of community and shared 10 (happy). 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Johann Sebastian Bach is often celebrated for his sacred (神圣的) works, like St. Matthew Passion and The Well-Tempered Clavier. But in his huge collection of works, there is a less famous piece that shows a fun and 1 (play) side of the composer: the Coffee Cantata. This funny piece, 2 (compose) around 32-34, is different from Bach’s usual serious and religious themes. 3 (appreciate) the Coffee Cantata fully, it is essential to understand the cultural background against which it was written. Coffee, introduced to Europe in the th century, had become a fashionable and controversial drink by Bach’s time. In Leipzig, 4 Bach served as the Thomaskantor, coffeehouses were booming social centers, attracting intellectuals, artists, and 5 (businessman). However, the drink’s growing popularity also caused debates about its effects 6 health and morality, particularly among women, who were 7 (increasing) frequenting coffeehouses. Bach’s Coffee Cantata is really funny, charming, and musically clever. It shows what life 8 (be) like back in 18th-century Leipzig, especially how people felt about drinking coffee. The story is fun, the characters are lively, and the music is beautiful. This piece offers 9 unique window into Bach’s world, 10 (reveal) that he could enjoy simple pleasures just as much as he could create deep and serious music. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tyrus Wong arrived in San Francisco from China in 1920 as a 10-year-old who loved calligraphy. By the end of the next decade, he was working for Disney, on his way to 1 (become) one of America’s greatest immigrant success stories. In his long and 2 (vary) career, Wong developed a pioneering style, achieving brilliance in 3 (profession) such as painting, illustration, and even kite making. Yet the cornerstone of his legendary status remains his design work for the 1942film Bambi. Inspired by the simplicities of Song dynasty landscapes, Wong’s influence on Bambi revealed, perhaps for the first time, 4 an animated feature film could rise to high art. Karen Fang, author of Background Artist: The Life and Work of Tyrus Wong, the definitive new biography arriving next month, 5 (plan) the book ever since Wong died in 2016, at the age of 106. 6 Fang describes vividly in the book, Wong “had this famous fine arts career before he went into commercial art.” Wong seemed 7 (draw) little distinction between the two, at least in terms of the artistry he brought 8 every project. Certainly he poured himself into his distinctive Christmas cards, which combined Western traditions with Eastern aesthetic minimalism. These cards, even more than Bambi, brought him true 9 (nation) fame for the first time. Wong’s genius 10 (integrate) the simplicity of Chinese brushstrokes with the rhythm of California modernity. He channeled his optimism and talent to become, quietly, one of the greatest unsung American artists of the 20th century. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$