必考语法--一般将来时和一般过去时态知识点讲解及综合练习题2024-2025学年译林版英语七年级下册
译林版初一必考语法
一般将来时&一般过去时
一般将来时
一般将来时的表达方式
- “主语+will+动词原形+其它”,指对将来事物近期或远期的预见,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在书面语中,“shall+动词原形”多用于第一人称,表达征求对方意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中,will可以用于任何人称
Shall I open the door? I will show my photos to you next Monday.
2. “主语+be going to+动词原形+其它”,用来表示按照主观意图打算或按计划,安排将要做的事,有“打算、就要”的意思。也常用于表示从迹象上表明将要发生的事情,多指个人主观臆断的推测
Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. I am going to visit my grandparents this holiday.
一般将来时表时间
表示将来时间的常见方法,英语中除了“will /shall+动词原形”表示将来时态外,还可以有以下多种方法:
- 用“be going to+动词原形”表示打算和预测
We are not going to stay there long. I’m afraid they’re going to lose the game.
- 用“be to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作,有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性
He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. Tell him he’s not to be back late.
- 用“be about to+动词原形”表示即将要发生的事 Look! The race is about to start.
注:该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用
- 用“be due to+动词原形”表示按计划或时间表将要发生某事 The strike is due to begin on Tuesday.
- 用现在进行时(be+现在分词)表示按计划或安排要发生的事 We’re having a party next week.
用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事 The train leaves at 7:25 this evening.
一般过去时
动词过去式的构成规律
一、规则动词的过去式
1. 一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed
look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited
2. 以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d
live→lived use→used
3. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i,再加-ed
study→studied try→tried
4. 以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加-ed
stop→stopped plan→planned prefer→preferred
二、不规则动词的过去式
1. 改变动词中的元音
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got
2. 变词尾的-d 为-t
build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3. 与动词原形一样
cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4. 变-ay为-aid (少数动词)
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say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5. 采用不同词根
sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6. 其他
am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
加“-ed”后的读音方法
1. ed加在清辅音后面读/t/
finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/
2. ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的,读/d/
played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/
3. ed加在/t/或/d/后面,读/id/
wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/
一般过去时的用法
- 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态,常与yesterday,last week,in 1989,just now,a moment ago,the other day等 He was here just now. What did you do yesterday?
- 在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作,常接时间副词often,usually,always,sometimes,every day等
We often played together when we were children.
注:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to 和would
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.
- 表示主语过去的特征或性格 At that time she was very good at English.
- 用在状语从句中表示过去将来 He said he would wait until they came back.
- 一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want,hope,wonder,think,intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉
I wondered if you could help me.
有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要 I didn’t know you were here.
注意:① 表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared.
② 注意在语境中理解“我刚才/原来还不……” Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. It’s 2566666.
一般过去时替代过去完成时
- 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时
When she saw the mouse, she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
- 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时,如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
- 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
练习题
一、选择:
( ) 1. Last night my father home very late.
A. reached B. gets C. reached to D. got to
( ) 2. When Jim was a child, they to France.
A. lived B. worked C. reached D. moved
( ) 3. Williams a busy day yesterday.
A. has B. had C. was D. have
( ) 4. you at home yesterday evening? Yes, I with my mother.
A. Were, were B. Was, was C. Were, was D. Was, were
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