内容正文:
第二讲 高考必备的小词:冠词、
代词和介词(短语)
第三节 介词(短语)
专题三 常考词类篇
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高考总复习 英语
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介词的考查近年来比较稳定,备考时要格外注意as,with,against,between,despite,by等重要的介词用法及意义。介词的固定搭配考查范围广方式比较灵活。未来高考对该考点的考查仍然以介词的基本法及介词与名词、动词的搭配为主,备考时也不可忽视对介词短语的积累。
解题技法先知
[第一步] 确定是否填介词
分析句子结构,发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词;
[第二步] 根据介词的基本用法和固定搭配确定正确的介词。
高考典例印证
(2024·北京卷)I thought ________ myself, “Why would he carry all his books?”
[第一步] 分析句子结构可知,I thought “Why would... books?”分别为主谓宾 ________ myself 缺少一介词。
[第二步] think to oneself表示“心理暗想”,为固定搭配。
[自主解答] to
表示时间的介词
at
表示时间点、具体时刻等
on
表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上
in
表示在某段较长的时间内
in/after
在……之后。“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”可与任何时态,只与过时连用
since
后接时间点,“自从……以来”
for
后接时间段,“长达……”
until/till
直到……为止
by
到……时;不迟于……
during
在……期间
before
在……之前
over
在……期间
through
一直,自始至终
This year's event will take place on June 19th.
今年的活动将于6月19日举行。
We're open till/until 6 o'clock.
我们营业到6点钟。
He's been working in a bank since leaving school.
他毕业以后一直在一家银行工作。
Leave your keys at reception before departure.
离开前请把钥匙留在服务台。
Over the next few days they got to know the town well.
在以后的几天中,他们逐渐熟悉了这个小镇。
表示地点的介词
at
后常接相对较小的地方
in
后常接相对较大的地方或某一个大的范围
on
在……上(反义词beneath)
across
从……的表面穿过;在……对面
through
从……的内部穿过
over
从……的上面跨过(反义词under)
above
指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”(反义词below)
She walked across the floor and lay down on the bed.
她走过地板躺在了床上。
The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
阳光透过天窗照了进来,照亮了整个房间。
The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream.
那只狗跳过几丛灌木看到了小溪。
表示方式的介词
表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with、by、in、on都意为“用”。
(1)with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官;
(2)by侧重使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;
(3)in指使用某种语言、笔墨等;
(4)on多用于固定词组中
by cheque用支票付款
by boat/bus/car/plane乘船/公共汽车/轿车/飞机
by air/land/sea坐飞机/经陆路/海路
with chopsticks用筷子
on the radio通过收音机
in French用法语
表示原因的介词(短语)
for, because of, due to, thanks to, owing to, on account of, as a result of
The openair celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.
因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。
特别提醒
上述中的短语除due to既可作状语又可作表语外,其他短语只能作状语。thanks to 表示“多亏,幸亏”,多位于句首。
表示“除……之外”的介词(短语)
besides
意为“除……之外(还有)”,相当于in addition to
except
意为“除……之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句
but
意为“除……之外”(=except)
apart from
既可相当于besides或in addition to,也可相当于except for
other than
意为“除……之外(别无)”
Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.
除了当医生之外,他在业余时间还写小说。
Apart from good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
除优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。
其他常考介词
against
违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托
beyond
(范围、限度)超出,为……所不能及
by
程度或增减的幅度;按照
despite
尽管
for
为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;就……而言;赞成,支持;换取
with
和……在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着
of
属于;关于;出身于(某背景);住在(某地)
within
(范围、程度)在……内
without
没有
off
从……落下;(时空上)离,距;(表示方向)偏离;离开
Copies are available for two dollars each.
两元一份。
Can't you throw out that old bike of Tommy's?
难道你就不能把汤米那辆旧自行车给扔掉?
She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.
她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。
Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.
吉姆累了,背靠着一棵大树睡着了。
eq \a\vs4\al([对点演练])——在空格处填入一个适当的单词
1.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,...
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)“...I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) In a word, it was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.
4.(2024·1月浙江卷)However,if you're shopping for one,buying extra to benefit from price reductions doesn't make sense.
5.(2024·1月浙江卷)Are you tired of sitting in class all day?
6.(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility for saving their environment.
7.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There, you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup—and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled.
8.(2023·1月浙江卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history as the capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories.
9.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.
课后微练
Ⅰ.语法单句练
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its (it) memory and use it to recognize you in the future.
2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I think you need some cash to pay for the bus.
3.(2024·全国甲卷)Finally, the rise of new energy vehicles reflects China's commitment to sustainable development and reducing carbon emissions and promoting a greener future.
4.(2024·北京卷)I'd just arrived at school, ready for another school day.
5.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
6.(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining.
7.(2023·全国甲卷)...DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end.
8.(2023·全国甲卷)It was full of ideas that were new to me (I), so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.
9.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great. Now, write it again.”
10.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I tied a rope around his waist to keep him (he) near to our spot.
11.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
12.(2023·全国甲卷)Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself (she).
Ⅱ.语法写作练
1. We met him at the airport yesterday.
我们昨天在机场见到他了。
2.She is old enough to look after herself .
她足够大了,足以能照顾自己。
3.I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.
我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人都不准在此吸烟。
4.Do you know the man standing at the door ?
你认识那个站在门口的人吗?
5.The story happened in a small town in Victoria.
故事发生在维多利亚的一个小镇上。
6.The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.
长城从西向东蜿蜒而行,横穿沙漠,越过高山,穿过峡谷,最后抵达大海。
Ⅲ.语法语篇练(在空格处填入一个适当的单词)
Reading benefits 1. us (we)a lot. First, reading can bring us 2. the kind of fun that no other things can. You can always keep 3. yourself (you)interested 4. in it, which can help you have 5. an enjoyable time if you like reading. Next, you can read a book 6. at any place. All that you need is 7. a book!
Reading is a convenient hobby as 8. it is easy to stop and start reading again. Another good reason for reading books is that it is useful.If you read 9. as a hobby,you will get better and better at it. As 10. your (you)reading improves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much easier.Therefore, set aside some time every day for some reading, and you'll love it.
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