必考语法--现在完成时态知识点讲解及综合练习题2024-2025学年译林版英语八年级下册

译林版初二必考语法

现在完成时

知识点总结

         构成

助动词have (has) +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。

 

         用法

表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成，汉语常用“了”或“过”来表示。如：

(1). I have finished my work. 我把工作做完了。

(2). We have set up many new factories in this area. 我们在这个地区建立了许多新工厂。

(3). She has read all these books. 她把这些书都读完了。

 

         have/has been (to, in) /have/has gone (to)的区别

have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once, twice, three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和just, never, ever等连用。

have/has been in表示“在某地待了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。

have/has gone to意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。

(1). -Have you ever        Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.

   A. went to      B. gone to      C. been in       D. been to

(2). My parents        Shangdong for ten years.

   A. have been in      B. have been to      C. have gone to       D. have been

 

         现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去做的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时则表示动作发生在过去，一般不表示和现在的关系。如：

(1). I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了。(意即还没找到，现在我没有笔用。) 

(2). She lost her pen yesterday. 她昨天把笔丢了。(笔是昨天丢的，现在找到与否，没有说明。) 

(3). Who has opened the door? 谁把门开了？(现在门还开着。) 

(4). Who opened the door? 谁开的门？(指过去，与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。) 

 

         现在完成时的时间状语问题

1. 现在完成时说明的是现在的情况，是现在时态，因此不能和表示过去时间的状语如yesterday, last month, three years ago, in 1960等连用。这些时间状语只能和过去时态连用，表示过去的动作。

但现在完成时可和表示过去时间的副词just和before连用。如：

(1). He has just come. 他刚到。

(2). We have seen the movie before. 我们以前看过这个电影。

2. 现在完成时常和表示不确定的时间的副词already, never, ever, always, yet, often等连用。如：

(1). Have you ever been in a plane? 你坐过飞机吗？

(2). The new books have not arrived yet. 新书还没有到。

(3). The Xisha Islands have always been Chinese territory. 西沙群岛一直是中国的领土。

(4). Have you heard from him yet? 你接到他的信了吗？

(5). They have already finished their experiment. 他们已经做完试验了。

3. 现在完成时可以和包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用，如now, today, this month, this year等。如：

(1). We have planted many fruit trees this year. 我们今年种了很多果树。

(2). Have you seen Benny today? 你今天见到本尼了吗？

(3). We’ve had a lot of rain this summer. 今年夏天雨下得很多。

4. 当句中有“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：

(1). His brother has been to Stone Forest twice        he came to Yunnan.

   A. after     B. before     C. since       D. for

(2). Tom        the CD player for two weeks.

   A. has lent      B. has borrowed      C. has bought       D. has had

(3). I        a letter from him since he left.

   A. didn’t receive     B. haven’t had      C. didn’t have      D. haven’t heard

 

练习题

一、用since和for填空：

1. Jim has been in Ireland               Monday.

2. Jill has been in England               three days. 

3. His aunt has lived in Australia               15 days.

4. Mary is in her office. She has been there               7 o’clock. 

5. India has been an independent country               1947. 

6. The bus is late. They’ve waited               20 minutes. 

7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty               many years. 

8. Mike has been ill               a long time. He has been in hospital               October.

二、选择：

(   ) 1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they        what’s happened to him.

     A. knew     B. have known    C. must know   D. will know

(   ) 2. He has        been to Shanghai, has he?

     A. already    B. never    C. ever    D. still

(   ) 3. Have you met Mr. Li       ?

     A. just     B. ago     C. before     D. a moment ago

(   ) 4. The famous writer        one new book in the past two years.

     A. is writing      B. was writing     C. wrote     D. has written

(   ) 5. -Our country        a lot so far. -Yes. I hope it will be even better.

     A. have changed     B. changes      C. has changed      D. changed

(   ) 6. Lynn        already        in this school for two years.

     A. was; studying     B. will; study     C. has; studied      D. are; studying

(   ) 7. We        Mary since she was a little girl.

     A. know     B. had known     C. have known     D. knew

(   ) 8. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I        it twice.

     A. will see     B. have seen     C. saw      D. see

(   ) 9. -These farmers have been to the United States. -Really? When        there?

     A. will they go      B. did they go     C. do they go      D. have they gone

(   ) 10. -       you        your homework yet? -Yes. I        it a moment ago.

     A. Did; do; finished     B. Have; done; finished   C. Have; done; have finished    D. will; do; finish

(   ) 11. His father        the Party since 1978.

     A. joined     B. is in     C. was in    D. has been in

(   ) 12. -Do you know him well? -Sure. We        friends since ten years ago.

     A. were     B. have been   C. became    D. was

(   ) 13. -How long have you        here? -About two months.

     A. been      B. gone    C. come     D. arrived

(   ) 14. Hurry up! The play        for ten minutes.

     A. has begun    B. had begun    C. has been on    D. began

(   ) 15. It        ten years since he left the army.

     A. is    B. has    C. will    D. was

(   ) 16. Miss Green isn’t in the office. She        to the library.

     A. has gone   B. went   C. will go    D. has been

(   ) 17. My parents        Shandong for ten years.

     A. have been in     B. have been to     C. have gone to     D. have been