专题06 阅读理解之议论文12篇-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编（人教版2019）

专题06 阅读理解之议论文12篇 题号 主题 难度 话题 1 人与自我 适中 哲理感悟,议论文 2 人与自我 适中 家人和亲人 ,议论文,家庭关系 3 人与自我 较易 方法/策略,议论文 4 人与社会 适中 职业内容,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 5 人与社会 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文 6 人与社会 较易 语言与文化 ,议论文 7 人与社会 适中 科学技术 ,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 8 人与社会 适中 环境保护,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 9 人与社会 较难 议论文,建筑,文化遗产 10 人与社会 适中 科普知识 ,文化保护,议论文 11 人与自然 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文,碳足迹 12 人与自然 适中 阅读 ,环境保护,议论文 议论文之人与自我 （23-24高二下·广东梅州·期末）I once held the conviction that the essence of the human spirit could only be captured through the medium of language. Literary creations, teeming with unique narratives, sculpted our perceptions of reality. It was language that framed the inquiries we pursued and the solutions to those inquiries. To me, words were paramount. That conviction underwent a transformation. During a routine mathematics lesson, my instructor posed a straightforward query: What is 0.99 rounded to the nearest integer? A simple task. When rounded, 0.99 equates to 1. Yet, I pondered the fact that, although 0.99 is a mere 0.01 shy of 1, that slight distinction remains. Doesn't such a minor difference imply a fundamental divergence? My educator addressed my query by introducing an alternative formulation: 1 is equivalent to 0.9, which can also be depicted as 1 equals 0.999999..., an infinite sequence without cessation. There was an enigmatic yet captivating quality to this mathematical statement. The left side was constant and absolute: it encompassed a finite number. On the right was the embodiment of perpetuity, a numeral in an unending cycle. Yet, these two contrasting entities were linked by an equals sign. While contemplating in repose, I mused on the equation's reflection of our existence. The left side of the equation symbolizes the immutable and lucid aspects of life. The definite, whole numbers representing the day of your birth and the day of your demise. However, there exists an interval between birth and death. The right side signifies a realm brimming with boundless potential and infinite prospects stretching into the unforeseen future. Thus, life embodies objectivity coupled with creativity. It is unyielding yet boundless. Life is akin to an equation with two facets that achieve equilibrium. Nevertheless, we seem perpetually unable to articulate it perfectly. Perhaps numbers are just as capable of conveying concepts as words. For now, let us embrace this notion: 1 equals 0.99999... and lead a life in accordance with it. 1．What does the author emphasize about words in paragraph 1? A．Their wide variety. B．Their literary origins. C．Their distinct sounds. D．Their expressive power. 2．What made the author find the equation fascinating? A．The repetition of a number. B．The way two different numbers are equal. C．The question the teacher raised. D．The difference between the two numbers. 3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "mused" in paragraph 6? A．Measured. B．Composed. C．Mirrored. D．Influenced. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Perfect Equation B．Numbers Build Equations C．An Attractive Question D．Words Outperform Numbers 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过数学等式1=0.99999...来阐述人生的哲理，认为人生既有确定性又有无限的可能性，就像这个等式一样，看似矛盾的两边却能达到平衡。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“I once held the conviction that the essence of the human spirit could only be captured through the medium of language. Literary creations, teeming with unique narratives, sculpted our perceptions of reality. It was language that framed the inquiries we pursued and the solutions to those inquiries. To me, words were paramount.(我曾经坚信，人类精神的本质只能通过语言的媒介来捕捉。文学作品充满了独特的叙述，塑造了我们对现实的认知。正是语言构成了我们追求的探究和对这些探究的解答。对我来说，文字是最重要的。)”可知，作者强调文字的表现力。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“There was an enigmatic yet captivating quality to this mathematical statement. The left side was constant and absolute: it encompassed a finite number. On the right was the embodiment of perpetuity, a numeral in an unending cycle. Yet, these two contrasting entities were linked by an equals sign.(这个数学陈述有一种神秘而迷人的品质。左边是恒定和绝对的：它包含了一个有限的数字。右边是永恒的化身，一个无休止循环的数字。然而，这两个对立的实体却被一个等号连接起来。)”可知，作者觉得这个等式迷人的地方在于两个不同的数字竟然相等。故选B项。 3．词义猜测题。根据文章第六段“While contemplating in repose, I mused on the equation's reflection of our existence. The left side of the equation symbolizes the immutable and lucid aspects of life. The definite, whole numbers representing the day of your birth and the day of your demise. However, there exists an interval between birth and death. The right side signifies a realm brimming with boundless potential and infinite prospects stretching into the unforeseen future.(在沉思中，我思考着这个等式对我们存在的反映。等式的左边象征着生活中不变和清晰的方面。明确的整数代表你出生的那一天和你去世的那一天。然而，在生与死之间存在一个间隔。右边代表着一个充满无限潜力和无限前景的领域，延伸到未知的未来。)”可知，作者认为这个等式反映了我们的存在，所以“mused”在这里的意思是“反映”，与“mirrored”意思相近。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“I once held the conviction that the essence of the human spirit could only be captured through the medium of language. Literary creations, teeming with unique narratives, sculpted our perceptions of reality. It was language that framed the inquiries we pursued and the solutions to those inquiries. To me, words were paramount.(我曾经坚信，人类精神的本质只能通过语言的媒介来捕捉。文学作品充满了独特的叙述，塑造了我们对现实的认知。正是语言构成了我们追求的探究和对这些探究的解答。对我来说，文字是最重要的。)”以及最后一段“Thus, life embodies objectivity coupled with creativity. It is unyielding yet boundless. Life is akin to an equation with two facets that achieve equilibrium. Nevertheless, we seem perpetually unable to articulate it perfectly. Perhaps numbers are just as capable of conveying concepts as words. For now, let us embrace this notion: 1 equals 0.99999... and lead a life in accordance with it. (因此，生活体现了客观性与创造性的结合。它既坚定又无限。生活就像一个等式，有两个方面达到了平衡。然而，我们似乎永远无法完美地表达它。也许数字和词语一样能够传达概念。现在，让我们接受这个观念：1等于0.99999...，并按照它来生活。)”可知，作者通过数学等式1=0.99999...来阐述人生的哲理，认为人生既有确定性又有无限的可能性，就像这个等式一样，看似矛盾的两边却能达到平衡，A项“The Perfect Equation(完美的等式)”表达的含义适合用做本文标题。故选A项。 （23-24高二下·宁夏银川·期末）There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibilities and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends. Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together. Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always “trump (胜过)” friends. 1．What can we learn from what Marina said? A．Best friends will not spend money on her wedding. B．Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life. C．Her mother is wiser on account of her age. D．Her mother is anything but her best friend. 2．Why can a mother and a daughter build a closer relationship? A．Because they share advanced technology with each other. B．Because they work together to support the whole family. C．Because they experience the same values and traditions. D．Because they have common experience in life and work. 3．What do we know from the text? A．The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend. B．A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship. C．Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother. D．The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friendship. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How to build a good mother and daughter relationship. B．A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable. C．Mothers want to be daughters’ friends. D．A daughter is a mother’s best friend. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了母女关系，认为母女关系独具特点，不同于友谊，母亲与女儿不可能成为最好的朋友。作者认为母女之间有许多共同之处，母女关系永存，不可替代，而友谊是双向的，但是母亲永远希望保护女儿。为女儿负责，女儿却不必为母亲的幸福承担责任。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend.”（27岁的玛丽娜说：“我喜欢和妈妈在一起，但我不认为她是我最好的朋友。”）可知，玛丽娜的母亲绝不是她最好的朋友。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together.”（这并不意味着母女关系不能非常亲密和令人满意。这一代的母亲和成年女儿有很多共同点，这增加了共同陪伴的可能性。母亲和女儿一直都有做家庭主妇的共同经历，负责维护和传承家庭价值观和传统。今天，当代的母亲和女儿也分享工作和技术的经验，这可能使她们更加亲密。）可推知，母亲和女儿可以建立更亲密的关系是因为他们在生活和工作中有共同的经历。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship.”（最好的朋友可能会继续做最好的朋友，也可能不会继续做最好的朋友，但不管是好是坏，母女关系是永久的，即使因为一些不幸的原因她们不说话。）以及“The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.”（母女关系是任何其他关系都无法替代的。母亲总是“胜过”朋友。）可推知，母女关系不同于朋友关系但超越朋友关系。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.”（有时这不是一种平等的关系。女儿们并不总是觉得要为母亲的情感健康负责。但母亲们从未停止过母亲的角色，这包括她们经常想要保护自己的女儿，并经常对自己的女儿的幸福负责。母女关系是任何其他关系都无法替代的。母亲总是“胜过”朋友。）可知，文章主要讲的是女儿和母亲之间亲密又奇怪的关系，虽然母亲永远无法和女儿成为最亲近的朋友，但他们之间的关系无可替代。故选B项。 议论文之人与社会 （23-24高二下·山东潍坊·期末）When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 1．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from the others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 2．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 3．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the“confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. ”（人类有一种有据可查的偏见，称为“确认偏见”，这是一种倾向，即寻找证实我们现有观点的信息，避免不符合这些观点的信息。）可知，D选项“我们更喜欢符合我们观点的信息”符合确认偏见”。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can usefor changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree.”（事实证明，在激烈的争论中，改变他人观点最有效的策略之一就是找到你们共同认同的地方，而不是列举你为什么是对的，别人为什么是错的。）可推知，“honey”指的是找到共同的立场。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas.”（让你的偏见成为一种不确认的偏见；换句话说，当你对某事有看法时，不要只阅读证实它的信息。相反，要努力寻找可能证明你错了的信息。如果你一直都是对的，这个练习只会让你的论点更有力。如果你错了，你的思想就会向新思想开放。）可知，获取与我们相反的信息能让我们受益。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。主要讲述了人们在面对与自己观点相反的信息时，往往会产生“确认偏见”，即倾向于寻找能证实自己观点的信息，而避免与之相反的信息。文章建议我们在争论中寻找共同点，开放自己的观点，接纳不同的信息，这样可以使我们的观点更有说服力，也能开阔我们的视野。所以短文的最佳标题为“如何在两极分化的交流中改变思想”。故选C。 （23-24高二下·河南许昌·期末）Standing outside my hospital the other day, I was struck by a sight. In fact, it’s a sight we’ve all seen countless times: obese (肥胖的) nurses standing around outside a hospital. It is estimated that one in four nurses is obese, with nearly two-thirds being overweight. While some have argued that obese nurses may be less productive and take more time off sick, this isn’t my concern at all. I’m just worried about the example they set to others. Yes, of course, nurses and doctors struggle with having a healthy lifestyle like everyone else. But if they can’t stick to the basic principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that they are promoting themselves, then in my opinion they have no business being on the front line. No patient is going to take them seriously unless they can demonstrate that they at least try to practise what they promote. It’s a serious professional failing, because it sends the disastrous message of “do as I say not as I do”, which is never going to result in someone changing their ways. You wouldn’t take advice about reducing your drinking from an alcoholic, would you? So why should you be expected to listen to an overweight healthcare professional who is telling you to lose a few pounds? Of course, there are lots of instances when a doctor or nurse’s personal struggles can really help. For example, I used to smoke and I find this actually helps me because I can relate to patients—I know their struggles, I know their concerns and I know the things they say to themselves to avoid quitting. Knowing that I used to smoke helps me come across as more human to my patients—I’ve done silly things but I’ve changed and so can they. Similarly, a nurse who was previously obese but has now lost weight could be a real motivation for patients. But until they have lost weight and can demonstrate that they practise what they promote, they risk alienating (使疏远) the very patients they are charged with helping. 1．What worries the author concerning obese nurses? A．They will call in sick a lot. B．They will be unlikely to take patients seriously. C．They will fail to play their role in health promotion. D．They will be incompetent at their job on the front line. 2．What is the author’s attitude to “do as I say not as I do” ? A．Tolerant. B．Contradictory. C．Uncaring. D．Disapproving. 3．In what way is the author’s experience of quitting smoking helpful? A．He understands smokers better. B．He manages to maintain a healthier lifestyle. C．He has become brave in the face of struggles. D．He sets a good example to his workmates. 4．What can we infer about the author? A．He is an alcoholic. B．He is a doctor. C．He is overweight. D．He is impatient. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文的体裁是议论文。作者就肥胖护士这一现象提出了自己的担忧和观点，探讨了其对职业形象、患者信任以及健康宣传的影响，并通过个人经历来强化论述，试图说服读者认同其关于医疗工作者应成为健康生活方式榜样的观点。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“While some have argued that obese nurses may be less productive and take more time off sick, this isn’t my concern at all. I’m just worried about the example they set to others. Yes, of course, nurses and doctors struggle with having a healthy lifestyle like everyone else. (虽然有些人认为肥胖的护士可能会降低工作效率，并请更多的病假，但这根本不是我所关心的。我只是担心他们会给别人树立榜样。是的，当然，护士和医生也像其他人一样努力保持健康的生活方式。)”可知，作者担心的是肥胖护士给别人树立了不好的榜样，尤其是在健康促进方面无法有效发挥作用。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。在文章第三段“It’s a serious professional failing, because it sends the disastrous message of “do as I say not as I do”, which is never going to result in someone changing their ways. You wouldn’t take advice about reducing your drinking from an alcoholic, would you? So why should you be expected to listen to an overweight healthcare professional who is telling you to lose a few pounds? (这是一个严重的职业失败，因为它传递了一个灾难性的信息：“照我说的做，不要照我做的做”，这永远不会导致人们改变他们的生活方式。你不会听从酒鬼的建议少喝酒吧？那么，为什么你要听从一个超重的医疗保健专业人士的建议，让你减掉几磅呢？)”可知，作者指出这种做法永远不会导致某人改变他们的行为方式。因此，作者对这种行为持反对态度。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Of course, there are lots of instances when a doctor or nurse’s personal struggles can really help. For example, I used to smoke and I find this actually helps me because I can relate to patients—I know their struggles, I know their concerns and I know the things they say to themselves to avoid quitting. Knowing that I used to smoke helps me come across as more human to my patients—I’ve done silly things but I’ve changed and so can they. (当然，在很多情况下，医生或护士的个人挣扎确实会有所帮助。例如，我曾经吸烟，我发现这实际上对我有帮助，因为我能理解病人——我知道他们的挣扎，我知道他们的担忧，我知道他们为了避免戒烟而对自己说的话。知道我曾经吸烟有助于让我的病人觉得我更有人情味——我做过蠢事，但我已经改变了，他们也可以。)”可知，作者戒烟的经历让他能更好地理解吸烟者。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章第一段“Standing outside my hospital the other day, I was struck by a sight. In fact, it’s a sight we’ve all seen countless times: obese (肥胖的) nurses standing around outside a hospital.  It is estimated that one in four nurses is obese, with nearly two-thirds being overweight. (有一天，我站在医院外面，被眼前的一幕震撼了。事实上，我们已经见过无数次了：肥胖的护士站在医院外面。据估计，四分之一的护士肥胖，近三分之二的护士超重。)”可知，作者无数次看到肥胖的护士站在医院外面，讨论了医疗工作者的肥胖问题以及他们应该如何作为患者的榜样，提到了自己过去吸烟后来戒烟的经历，这暗示作者可能是医生，因为医生更直接地参与患者的健康指导和建议给出，符合文中所表达的视角和经历。故选B项。 （23-24高二下·广西来宾·期末）“From this moment forward, in an effort to keep a healthy lifestyle, I’ve determined not to consume any snacks except rye bread.” is what I told myself yesterday, and yet here I am today chewing a chocolate bar. I’m aware that I’m breaking my own promise to myself. Instead of eating this, I should be working out or something. But the thing is, chocolate is too good at this moment for me to refuse it! As I type this, I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification — the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit. Essentially, when you want it, you get it. Instant gratification is also the exact opposite of what we’re taught to do — delayed gratification: deciding to put off satisfying our current want to gain something better in the future. We’ve all encountered instant gratification before. Should I sleep in or wake up early to work out? When I get home, should I rest and watch TV first or get started on my homework? All humans have the tendency to seek pleasure and avoid pain, a basic but fundamental concept known as the pleasure principle. Originally coined by Sigmund Freud, it clearly states that all humans are driven, to some extent, by pleasure. Constantly seeking quick pleasure may bring subsequent troubles. However pleasant not doing your homework may seem right now, it only results in pleasure plagued by guilt and last-minute panicking late at night. An inability to resist instant gratification may result in underachieving in the long term and failure to meet certain goals. Instant gratification, however, is not necessarily a bad thing. You don’t always have to say no to things you want at that moment, and it’s good to treat yourself when you need it. In other words, times when you “treat yourself” are only valuable in combination with delayed gratification. While my chocolate bar may taste good now, it’ll taste even better if I only eat it after I’ve worked out or done something healthy. 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving a definition. C．By citing a personal case. D．By listing detailed problems. 2．Which of the following is an example of instant gratification? A．Purchasing items regardless of budgets. B．Exercising regularly for long-term health. C．Limiting time on social media platforms. D．Finishing homework before watching TV. 3．What does the underlined word “plagued” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Reminded. B．Highlighted. C．Introduced. D．Bothered. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Power of Instant Gratification B．The Pleasure Principle and Its Consequences C．Instant Gratification: A Double-Edged Sword D．The Dilemma of Modern Lifestyle Choices 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“即时满足”与“延迟满足”这两个概念展开论述，解释了即时满足与延迟满足的定义和区别，探讨了即时满足可能带来的问题，也指出了即时满足并非全然不好，关键在于如何平衡即时满足与延迟满足。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““From this moment forward, in an effort to keep a healthy lifestyle, I’ve determined not to consume any snacks except rye bread.” is what I told myself yesterday, and yet here I am today chewing a chocolate bar. I’m aware that I’m breaking my own promise to myself. Instead of eating this, I should be working out or something. But the thing is, chocolate is too good at this moment for me to refuse it!(“从这一刻起，为了保持健康的生活方式，我决定不吃任何零食，除了黑麦面包。”这是我昨天对自己说的话，而今天我却在这里嚼着巧克力棒。我意识到我违背了对自己的承诺。与其吃这个，我还不如去健身什么的。但问题是，巧克力在这个时刻太好了，我无法拒绝它！)”以及第二段“As I type this, I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification—the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit.(当我写这篇文章的时候，我正在体验所谓的即时满足——渴望体验快乐或满足，而不是为了未来的利益而拖延。)”可知，作者通过引用自己的一个个人案例来引入话题，即自己昨天决定不再吃零食除了黑麦面包，但今天却在吃巧克力棒，这个例子直接引出了即时满足的主题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As I type this, I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification—the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit.(当我写这篇文章的时候，我正在体验所谓的即时满足——渴望体验快乐或满足，而不是为了未来的利益而拖延。)”可知，所谓即时满足就是体验当下的快乐和满足而不考虑未来的利益。选项A“Purchasing items regardless of budgets.(购买物品而不考虑预算)”是一个即时满足的例子，因为它涉及到满足当前的欲望而不考虑未来的财务后果，即追求即时的快乐或满足而不考虑长远的利益。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“However pleasant not doing your homework may seem right now, it only results in pleasure plagued by guilt and last-minute panicking late at night.(不管现在不做作业看起来多么愉快，它只会让你在深夜被内疚和最后一分钟的恐慌所……。)”可推测，“plagued” 在这里的意思应该是“困扰”或“使烦恼”，即不做作业带来的愉快被内疚和恐慌所困扰。选项A“Reminded (提醒)”；选项B“Highlighted (强调)”；选项C“Introduced (介绍)”；选项D“Bothered(困扰)”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Instant gratification, however, is not necessarily a bad thing. You don’t always have to say no to things you want at that moment, and it’s good to treat yourself when you need it. In other words, times when you “treat yourself” are only valuable in combination with delayed gratification. While my chocolate bar may taste good now, it’ll taste even better if I only eat it after I’ve worked out or done something healthy.(然而，即时满足并不一定是一件坏事。在那一刻，你不必总是对你想要的东西说不，在你需要的时候善待自己是件好事。换句话说，你“善待自己”的时间只有在延迟满足的情况下才有价值。虽然我的巧克力棒现在可能很好吃，但如果我只在锻炼或做一些健康的事情后吃它，味道会更好。)”以及全文内容可知，文章既讨论了即时满足的积极方面，即它可以让我们在需要时善待自己，也指出了它的消极影响，比如可能导致长期的不足和未能实现某些目标。因此，即时满足就像一把双刃剑，既有利也有弊，选项C“Instant Gratification: A Double-Edged Sword(即时满足：一把双刃剑)”最能准确反映这一点。故选C。 （23-24高二下·安徽马鞍山·期末）With the development of new media, the promotion of Mandarin (普通话) and the wave of globalization, the range of application for dialects (方言) has become smaller. Dialects, to some extent, are a culmination (积淀) of local culture. If they are not protected and healthily passed down, this “crisis” might lead to their disappearance. However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance. Dialects are a living form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) . As the saying goes, “It’s better to sell ancestral (祖先的) land than to abandon ancestral language.” For the recording and preservation of dialects, creating a language environment in which they can enjoy a period of growth and success is vitally important. Folk songs, local operas, dialect courses, community involvement, technological methods, and literary and artistic works can all play significant roles in the protection and inheritance (传承) of dialects. Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece. Shen Congwen’s Border Town vividly portrays a “world of Western Hunan”. The locals refer to copper coins as “tongzi”, the addition of “zi” suggesting it’s just a small object. This reflects the Western Hunan people’s indifference to material wealth. In Lao She’s Rickshaw Boy, the “er” sound is everwhere, full of Beijing flavor. In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown. 1．What has happened to dialects since the introduction of the concept of language resource? A．They have been applied less. B．They have gained new recognition. C．They have completely disappeared. D．They have promoted the spread of Mandarin. 2．What does the saying underlined in paragraph 2 imply? A．Ancestral language should be preserved. B．Ancestral land should be developed. C．Ancestral language is a fixed form. D．Ancestral land is more meaningful. 3．Why does the writer refer to the dialects in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber? A．To illustrate the complicated relationship. B．To demonstrate their extensive usage. C．To convey the distinctive Beijing culture. D．To describe the personalities of the characters. 4．In which column of a magazine can you find the text probably? A．Entertainment. B．Culture. C．Health. D．Economy. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了方言的重要性，以及如何保护和传承方言。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance.”（然而，自从“语言资源”的概念被引入以来，方言的地位得到了重新的重视。）可推知，自从引入语言资源的概念以来，方言得到了新的认可。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s better to sell ancestral land than to abandon ancestral language.”（宁可卖祖先的土地，也不要放弃祖先的语言。）可推知，这句话暗示的是祖先的语言应该被保留。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece.”（曹雪芹是南京人，红楼梦中的贾家是金陵（古南京）的显赫家族。据统计，这部杰作中有超过1000处的南京方言。）可推知，作者引用《红楼梦》中的方言是为了展示其广泛的使用。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容以及最后一段“In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown.”（事实上，中国方言的文学形式自古就有，而且生动多样。不要忘记你的方言，不要忘记你家乡的口音。）可知，本文主要讨论了方言的重要性，以及如何保护和传承方言，这些内容更符合文化栏目。故选B。 （23-24高二下·浙江温州·期末）“ChatGPT is a computer program that can understand and respond to text like a person. It’s like havinga conversation with a very smart robot,” says ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence text generator. In November of 2022, the computer program ChatGPT generated significant public interest across the globe for its broad applications and commercial value. This AI model demonstrated its ability to perform a variety of tasks, from generating book summaries, recommendations, and personal research assistance, to drafting college SOPs, essays, and emails. According to Ehsan Hoque, Associate Professor of Computer Science at UR, while the concepts used to build ChatGPT are not entirely new, combining them with this AI model marks a significant achievement in the field of AI engineering. With that being said, the system has also generated contention over its possible violation of academic honesty. The use of ChatGPT for homework assignments is a growing concern for professors across the globe. The University, on the other hand, has not addressed or made a statement on this matter. There are potential academic violations for homework and exams. One such case is Professor of Political Science and Business David Primo. He entered one of his previous test questions into ChatGPT, and ChatGPT got it exactly correct. Despite concerns, Primo understands that the issue of academic honesty is a concern that has existed and will exist forever. He talks about this as well as the many other negative uses of the internet, saying “The internet makes it easy to spread hateful messages and pirate music, but do you want to go back to a time where you couldn’t bank online, or listen to music online?” Primo also pictures this technological advancement being integrated into classes and assessments in the future. “Universities should move slowly here and let faculty members experiment with various approaches to AI and adapt to a world of AI,” said Primo. 1．What makes the program a great breakthrough? A．Its ability to perform various tasks. B．Its achievements in learning technology. C．Its wide application and commercial value. D．The combination of its concept and AI model. 2．What does the underlined word in the third paragraph mean? A．dispute B．support C．disadvantage D．mistake 3．What might Primo agree with regarding the use of ChatGPT? A．It is a double-edged sword. B．It has little impact on academia. C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. D．It should be prohibited for academic integrity. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．ChatGPT demonstrates its great strength. B．ChatGPT generates great argument. C．ChatGPT arouses significant public interest. D．ChatGPT causes the potential academic violations. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文介绍了一种人工智能文本生成程序ChatGPT，它能像人一样理解和回应文本，如同与一个聪明的机器人对话。同时文章也揭露了由人工智能所引起的学术诚信的问题将会一直存在。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to Ehsan Hoque, Associate Professor of Computer Science at UR, while the concepts used to build ChatGPT are not entirely new, combining them with this AI model marks a significant achievement in the field of AI engineering.(根据UR计算机科学副教授Ehsan Hoque的说法，虽然用于构建ChatGPT的概念并不是全新的，但将它们与人工智能模型相结合标志着人工智能工程领域的重大成就。)”可知，尽管构建ChatGPT的概念并不完全新，但将其与AI模型结合在一起在AI工程领域取得了重大成就。故选D。 2．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的内容“…over its possible violation of academic honesty.( ......可能违反学术诚信。)”可知，这个系统也因可能违反学术诚信而引起了争论。故划线词与A选项“dispute(争论)”为同义词。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Primo also pictures this technological advancement being integrated into classes and assessments in the future. “Universities should move slowly here and let faculty members experiment with various approaches to AI and adapt to a world of AI,” said Primo.( Primo还描绘了这种技术进步在未来被整合到课堂和评估中。Primo说：“大学应该在这方面慢慢行动，让教师们试验各种人工智能方法，适应人工智能的世界。”)”可知，Primo还描绘了这种技术进步在未来被整合到课堂和评估中。Primo认为大学应该在这方面慢慢行动，让教师们试验各种人工智能方法，适应人工智能的世界，由此推断，Primo认为ChatGPT的优点大于缺点。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“With that being said, the system has also generated contention over its possible violation of academic honesty. (话虽如此，该系统也引发了可能违反学术诚信的争论。)”以及第四段中“There are potential academic violations for homework and exams.(在家庭作业和考试中有潜在的学术违规。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了ChatGPT引起了很大的争论，特别是在学术诚信方面。B选项“ChatGPT generates great argument.( ChatGPT产生了大量的争论。)”能概括全文。故选B。 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）There is a trend in New York right now where people are carrying cotton bags for doing the shopping. But new data challenge the common view that cotton bags are better than plastic ones and are planet-friendly. According to the data, an organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to cancel out its overall impact of production. That equals daily use for 54 years for just one bag. Dealing with a bag in an environmentally low-impact way is not nearly as simple as people think. You can’t, for example, just put a cotton bag in a garbage can. Even when a cotton bag does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes (染料) used to print logos onto it are PVC-based and extremely difficult to break down chemically; thus it can’t be processed to be used again. Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu, a Seattle-based recycling firm, estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton they receive is wasted this way. That’s not to say cotton is worse than plastic, or that the two should even be compared. While growing cotton can use pesticides (杀虫剂) and make rivers dry up due to water consumption, producing lightweight plastic bags uses greenhouse fossil (化石) fuels which can not be changed naturally by bacteria into substances that do not harm the environment, and the bags will pile up in the ocean. Aesop, an Australian brand, is changing the composition of its shopping bags to a 60-40 combination of recycled and organic cotton. It will cost more, but reduce water by 70 to 80 percent. Some brands are turning to other alternatives — designer Anya Hindmarch introduced a new version of her original bag made from recycled water bottles. But in the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. Not every product needs a bag. 1．What is the common people’s attitude to using cotton bags? A．Objective. B．Uncaring. C．Favourable. D．Opposed. 2．What do the figures in paragraph 2 indicate? A．Cotton bags are hard to recycle. B．Cotton bags are strong and long-lasting. C．Processing cotton bags is time-consuming. D．Cotton bags may do more harm than good. 3．Why are some cotton bags wasted in treatment plants? A．Printed patterns make them unrecyclable. B．Logos can’t be removed from them. C．There are too many cotton bags to process. D．Most dyes damage the environment. 4．What does the author advise shoppers to do? A．Buy fewer products. B．Reduce the use of bags. C．Seek new alternatives. D．Turn to recycled cotton bags. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们普遍认为棉布袋比塑料袋更环保的观点，但文章对此观点提出了一些挑战，即数据显示棉布袋实际上造成了一些新问题。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But new data challenge the common view that cotton bags are better than plastic ones and are planet-friendly.(但新的数据挑战了人们的普遍看法，即棉布袋比塑料袋更好，对地球更友好。)”可知，人们普遍认为棉布袋比塑料袋更环保，因此对使用棉布袋持积极态度。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to the data, an organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to cancel out its overall impact of production. That equals daily use for 54 years for just one bag. (根据数据，一个有机棉布袋需要使用2万次才能抵消其生产的整体影响。这相当于一个袋子54年来的日常使用量。)”和下文对棉布袋的缺点的介绍可知，这些数字说明了棉布袋的使用可能弊大于利。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Even when a cotton bag does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes (染料) used to print logos onto it are PVC-based and extremely difficult to break down chemically; thus it can’t be processed to be used again. Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu, a Seattle-based recycling firm, estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton they receive is wasted this way.(即使棉布袋真的送到了处理厂，大多数用于印刷标志的染料都是基于聚氯乙烯（PVC）的，化学上极难分解；因此它不能被处理再利用。西雅图回收公司Evrnu的联合创始人Christopher Stanev估计，他们收到的棉花中有10%到15%是以这种方式浪费的。)”可知，一些印有彩色图案的棉袋被浪费是因为这些图案的染料很难被化学分解，导致这些棉布袋不能被循环利用。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But in the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. Not every product needs a bag.(但最终，最简单的解决方案可能是最明显的。并不是每个产品都需要一个袋子。)”可知，作者建议减少袋子的使用。故选B。 （23-24高二下·安徽芜湖·期末）“WHAT IS CIVILISATION?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal (开创性的) BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now.” And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s (大教堂) collapsing steeple (尖塔) is in fact profoundly human — and in a particularly 21st-century way. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. That helps explain why China is in mourning — WeChat, young China’s principal (主要的) means of talking to itself, has been following the story. And it will be rebuilt. The effort to rebuild it will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Its survival through 850 years of political turbulence — through war, revolution and Nazi occupation — binds the present to the past. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in “The Hunchback of Notre Dame”, a three-volume love-letter to the cathedral: “Great edifices (建筑物), like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made… Time is the architect, the nation is the builder.” 1．What can we infer according to Paragraph 1? A．Kenneth Clark is a staff (职员) in BBC． B．Kenneth Clark believes that Notre Dame is a symbol of civilization. C．Civilization is so abstract that Kenneth Clark can’t recognise it. D．Notre Dame is the subject of the BBC series. 2．Why has the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames attracted so much attention according to the passage? A．Because the sunny steps in Notre Dame for people to rest on is impressive. B．Because Notre Dame has boosted the local economy. C．Because numerable people around the world has been there and left good memories. D．Because social media like WeChat in China help more people know it. 3．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in Paragraph 4? A．current B．parties C．power D．disorder 4．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The essence (精髓) of Notre Dame will be lost if we rebuild it. B．It is difficult to rebuild Notre Dame. C．If it were not for the fire, Notre Dame would always stay the same. D．Notre Dame will change as time goes by even without the fire. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了巴黎圣母院的烧毁以及回顾该建筑赋予人类的意义。对于巴黎圣母院的烧毁，人们普遍而强烈的悲痛是发自内心的，由此进一步论述了人们关心巴黎圣母院的原因。 1．推理判断题。由文章第一段“‘WHAT IS CIVILISATION?’ asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal (开创性的) BBC series on the subject. ‘I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now.’ And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院).(50年前，Kenneth Clark在英国广播公司关于这个主题的开创性系列节目中问道：‘什么是文明？我不知道，我还不能用抽象的术语来定义它。但我想当我看到它的时候我能认出它，我现在正在看它。’然后他转过身来，对着身后高耸的哥特式塔楼和圣母院的飞扶壁做手势。)”可知，Kenneth Clark认为圣母院是文明的象征。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. (熟悉会滋生感情。一座你在阳光明媚的台阶上休息，在它前面与你所爱的人自拍的建筑，会成为你记忆中温暖的一部分，也会成为你自己的一部分。)”可知，因为全世界无数的人都去过那里，留下了美好的回忆，所以圣母院着火的景象引起了人们的极大关注。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。由第四段“Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Its survival through 850 years of political turbulence — through war, revolution and Nazi occupation — binds the present to the past.(然而，这一景象激起的情绪与其说是关于这座建筑本身，不如说是关于失去它可能意味着什么。圣母院体现了人类最美好的集体。它在850年的政治……中幸存下来——通过战争、革命和纳粹占领——将现在与过去联系在一起。)”中through war, revolution and Nazi occupation可知，这些是属于政治“动荡或者紊乱”，所以猜测turbulence表“动荡，紊乱”的意思。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in ‘The Hunchback of Notre Dame’, a three-volume love-letter to the cathedral:‘Great edifices (建筑物), like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made… Time is the architect, the nation is the builder.’(它将永远不会一样，但这是应该的。正如维克多·雨果在写给大教堂的三卷本情书《巴黎圣母院》中所写：“伟大的建筑，就像伟大的山脉，是几个世纪的杰作。艺术往往在制作过程中发生变化……时间是建筑师，国家是建设者。”)”特别是第一句话可知，最后一段主要讲即使没有大火，圣母院也会随着时间的推移而改变。故选D项。 （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）No matter where I direct my gaze, the landscape is dotted with the skeletal frames of new structures taking shape. The familiar neighborhoods of my youth, once adorned with the charm of time-honored edifices, have largely vanished, replaced by the sleek silhouettes of contemporary high-rises. There is a rationale for this transformation: residents are in pursuit of the amenities that modern living promises. However, the question that lingers is, how can the younger generation grasp and uphold their cultural heritage if the tangible remnants of it are continually erased? The advocacy for the conservation of historical buildings transcends mere sentimental yearning for the past. Economic considerations also lend strong support to the cause of preservation. The restoration and safeguarding of historical districts can serve as a catalyst for economic growth, enticing tourists and small enterprises to the locality. A case in point is the historic Al Bastikiya neighborhood in Dubai, which annually attracts a multitude of visitors from across the globe. It also draws the interest of local inhabitants who are keen on exploring the history of their city. Critics often contend that preserving historical monuments is an expensive endeavor, but numerous recent initiatives have shown this belief to be unfounded. In fact, the process of refurbishing an existing structure for alternative use can be approximately £40 per square meter less costly than even the most elementary new construction, all the while retaining the architectural elegance of the original structure. Moreover, despite the common assertion that older buildings are less energy efficient and thus have a larger environmental footprint, architects and environmental specialists assert that the most eco-friendly building is the one that already exists. New construction typically has a more detrimental environmental impact, as it necessitates the procurement and transportation of brand-new materials over potentially lengthy distances, rather than utilizing recycled materials that are readily available on site. In essence, we recycle many other items in our daily lives, and the same principle should be applied to buildings. The act of preserving historical structures presents a multitude of opportunities; in stark contrast, demolition is an irreversible act. Once these architectural gems are lost, they are gone forever, severing an integral thread in our cultural tapestry that can never be regenerated. The decision to preserve or demolish is thus not merely one of aesthetics or economy, but also one of heritage and legacy. 1．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 2．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 3．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces environmental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比现代建筑和历史建筑，强调了保护历史建筑的经济和文化价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There is a rationale for this transformation: residents are in pursuit of the amenities that modern living promises. (这种转变有一个基本原理：居民们追求现代生活所承诺的便利设施。)”可知人们渴望现代生活的便利，这是他们替换旧建筑的原因。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The restoration and safeguarding of historical districts can serve as a catalyst for economic growth, enticing tourists and small enterprises to the locality. A case in point is the historic Al Bastikiya neighborhood in Dubai, which annually attracts a multitude of visitors from across the globe. It also draws the interest of local inhabitants who are keen on exploring the history of their city. (历史街区的修复和保护可以作为经济增长的催化剂，吸引游客和小企业到当地。迪拜历史悠久的Al Bastikiya社区就是一个很好的例子，每年都会吸引来自世界各地的众多游客。它也吸引了当地居民的兴趣，他们热衷于探索他们城市的历史。)”可知用Al Bastikiya的例子说明保护历史区域可以促进经济增长，带来经济效益。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Moreover, despite the common assertion that older buildings are less energy efficient and thus have a larger environmental footprint, architects and environmental specialists assert that the most eco-friendly building is the one that already exists. New construction typically has a more detrimental environmental impact, as it necessitates the procurement and transportation of brand-new materials over potentially lengthy distances, rather than utilizing recycled materials that are readily available on site. (此外，尽管人们普遍认为，老建筑的能源效率较低，因此有更大的环境足迹，但建筑师和环境专家断言，最环保的建筑是已经存在的建筑。新建筑通常对环境的影响更大，因为它需要采购和运输全新的材料，可能需要很长的距离，而不是使用现场现成的回收材料。)”可知翻新旧建筑可以减少对环境的影响。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“In essence, we recycle many other items in our daily lives, and the same principle should be applied to buildings. The act of preserving historical structures presents a multitude of opportunities; in stark contrast, demolition is an irreversible act. Once these architectural gems are lost, they are gone forever, severing an integral thread in our cultural tapestry that can never be regenerated. The decision to preserve or demolish is thus not merely one of aesthetics or economy, but also one of heritage and legacy. (从本质上讲，我们在日常生活中回收了许多其他物品，同样的原则也应该适用于建筑。保护历史建筑的行为提供了大量的机会；此形成鲜明对比的是，拆迁是一种不可逆转的行为。一旦这些建筑瑰宝消失，它们就永远消失了，切断了我们文化织锦中不可分割的一条线，永远无法再生。因此，保留或拆除的决定不仅是美学或经济的问题，也是遗产和遗留的问题。)”可知整篇文章都在强调保护历史建筑的重要性和好处，作者对历史保护持积极态度。故选A。 议论文之人与自然 （23-24高二下·四川自贡·期末）Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the shop owner. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon mission(排放物). However, the real story is not as simple as that. In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown good. Take apples, for example. The local apples the British buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate. We must also take into account the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates more emissions. However, only a few goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high-value, short-lived items which we cannot produce locally. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using natural fertilizers, unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilizers and machinery. Also, a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. Driving a long way to shop for food will neutralize(抵消) any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Furthermore, choosing local over imported food can also badly affect people in developing countries. If they are unable to sell produce overseas, they will have less income. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labeling foods to show they have been imported by air. But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint. And. even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical(伦理的) problems. What’s more, our diets would be more limited. 1．Why should the British buy imported apples according to the author? A．It reduces food miles. B．It benefits the local farmers. C．It is less energy-consuming. D．It is less costly and more convenient. 2．What can we infer about the foods transported by air? A．They are grown using oil-based fertilizers. B．They can be mass-produced locally. C．They have a low carbon footprint. D．They fail to have a long shelf life. 3．What does the author think of labeling foods? A．It does not give correct product information. B．It does not tell a full and accurate story. C．It will raise environmental awareness. D．It will help people to shop ethically. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To make a prediction. C．To argue against a belief. D．To give practical advice. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要对“鼓励就近购买当地食品”这一主张进行了驳论，即，购买当地食品并不一定是环保的，作者从当地食品需要消耗能量储存，食品的运输方式，以及食品标签等方面进行了反驳论述。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“The local apples the British buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season.(英国人在冬季或春季购买的当地苹果已经冷藏了几个月，这会消耗大量能源。因此，在春季，从新西兰进口更节能，因为在新西兰，春季是苹果的季节。)”可知，英国人从新西兰进口的苹果是当季的，可以节省冷藏消耗。由此推知，作者认为英国人应该购买进口苹果，因为进口苹果更节能。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“However, only a few goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high-value, short-lived items which we cannot produce locally.(然而，只有少数商品空运到消费国，这些通常是高价值、寿命短的商品，我们无法在当地生产。)”可知，空运的进口商品通常是高价值，寿命短的商品，即，这些商品的保质期短。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint. (但这传达的信息太简单了。很多不同的因素会影响食物的碳足迹。)”可知，作者认为食品标签上的信息内容过于简单，因为，影响碳足迹的因素很多，而标签上没有详细解释。由此推知，在作者看来，食品标签没有讲述完整而准确的信息。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。通读文章内容可知，文章首段“Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the shop owner. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon mission. (最近，活动人士鼓励我们购买当地食品。这减少了“食物里程”，即食物从生产者到店主的距离。他们认为食物里程越高，碳排放任务就越多。)”提出了一个主张：鼓励购买当地食品，原因是食物里程越高，碳排放就越多。而在第二段首句则用“However, the real story is not as simple as that.(然而，实际情况并非如此简单。)”对该主张进行了反驳，同时在后文从食物储藏，食物运输，以及食物标签等方面进行了论证。由此可推知，文章的写作目的是进行反驳。故选C项。 （23-24高二下·河北沧州·期末）The summer reading season is here. Some people will opt for paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option? According to 2023 data from the literary industry research group Words Rated, when it comes to pulp (纸浆) and paper, print book publishing is the world’s third-largest industrial greenhouse gas producer, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the United States to make paper for books. So many publishers are switching to on-demand printing. For example, Chronicle Books, are reducing their initial print runs to see how well the titles sell before they print more. “We felt that it was better to have a higher cost and have less waste,” said Chronic le Books president, Tyrrell Mahoney. Publishers are also rethinking book design. It might be a surprise, but certain fonts (字体) can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper. Digital reading seems to have a considerable eco-advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees, pulping and shipping. Moreover, tech companies that make e-readers such as Amazon, which sells the market-leading Kindle e-reader, offer recycling programs for old devices. “By choosing e-books as an alternative to print, Kindle readers helped save an estimated 2.3 million metric tons of carbon emissions over a two-year period,” said Corey Badcock, head of Kindle product and marketing. But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint, mainly at the producing stage. Their cases are made with fossil-fuel-derived plastics and the minerals in their batteries require resource-heavy mining. Berners-Lee, the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything , said the average e-reader has a carbon footprint of around 80 pounds. “This means that I’ve got to read about 36 small paperback books-worth on it before you break even,” he said. “If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do,” Berners-Lee said. “But if I buy it, read a couple of books, and decide that I prefer paperback books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” 1．Why are publishers switching to on-demand printing? A．To further reduce costs. B．To increase market sales. C．To make books more durable. D．To be more environmentally friendly. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards digital devices’ carbon footprint? A．Optimistic. B．Dismissive. C．Objective. D．Defensive. 3．What can we say about the carbon footprint of reading according to Berners-Lee? A．Heavy e-readers will have a lower carbon footprint. B．Paperback readers contribute less to carbon emissions. C．The carbon footprint of reading is unworthy of attention. D．There’s no way to measure the carbon footprint of e-readers. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．An Eco-Debate: Is My E-Reader Really Greener? B．The Decline of Paper: A Look at Modern Publishing C．The Future of Reading: E-ink Technology Advances D．What’s Better for the Climate: A Paper Book or an E-Reader? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了纸质书和电子阅读器，哪个更环保。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to 2023 data from the literary industry research group Words Rated, when it comes to pulp (纸浆) and paper, print book publishing is the world’s third-largest industrial greenhouse gas producer, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the United States to make paper for books. (根据文学产业研究机构Words Rated 2023年的数据，在纸浆和纸张方面，印刷图书出版业是世界第三大工业温室气体排放国，美国每年有3200万棵树被砍伐，用于制造书籍的纸张。)”和第三段中“So many publishers are switching to on-demand printing.( 因此，许多出版商正在转向按需印刷。)”可知，出版商转向按需印刷是因为这样更环保。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第六段中“By choosing e-books as an alternative to print, Kindle readers helped save an estimated2.3 million metric tons of carbon emissions over a two-year period (通过选择电子书代替纸质书，Kindle阅读器在两年的时间里减少了230万吨的碳排放。)”和第七段“But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint, mainly at the producing stage.(但数字设备也会产生大量的碳足迹，主要是在生产阶段。)”可知，作者客观陈述了数字设备的碳足迹。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do.(如果你买了一个电子阅读器，然后在上面读了很多很多的书，那么这是碳排放最低的事情。)”可知，Berners-Lee认为容量大的电子阅读器的碳足迹较低。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读前文，根据第一段中“Some people will opt for paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option? (有些人会选择平装书，因为它们很容易借阅和分享。其他人则会选择电子阅读器。但哪一个是更环保的可持续选择呢？)”可知，本文主要谈论了纸质书和电子阅读器，哪个更环保。D“哪个对气候更好：纸质书还是电子阅读器？”符合主题，故选D项。 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题06 阅读理解之议论文12篇 题号 主题 难度 话题 1 人与自我 适中 哲理感悟,议论文 2 人与自我 适中 家人和亲人 ,议论文,家庭关系 3 人与自我 较易 方法/策略,议论文 4 人与社会 适中 职业内容,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 5 人与社会 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文 6 人与社会 较易 语言与文化 ,议论文 7 人与社会 适中 科学技术 ,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 8 人与社会 适中 环境保护,社会问题与社会现象,议论文 9 人与社会 较难 议论文,建筑,文化遗产 10 人与社会 适中 科普知识 ,文化保护,议论文 11 人与自然 适中 社会问题与社会现象,议论文,碳足迹 12 人与自然 适中 阅读 ,环境保护,议论文 议论文之人与自我 （23-24高二下·广东梅州·期末）I once held the conviction that the essence of the human spirit could only be captured through the medium of language. Literary creations, teeming with unique narratives, sculpted our perceptions of reality. It was language that framed the inquiries we pursued and the solutions to those inquiries. To me, words were paramount. That conviction underwent a transformation. During a routine mathematics lesson, my instructor posed a straightforward query: What is 0.99 rounded to the nearest integer? A simple task. When rounded, 0.99 equates to 1. Yet, I pondered the fact that, although 0.99 is a mere 0.01 shy of 1, that slight distinction remains. Doesn't such a minor difference imply a fundamental divergence? My educator addressed my query by introducing an alternative formulation: 1 is equivalent to 0.9, which can also be depicted as 1 equals 0.999999..., an infinite sequence without cessation. There was an enigmatic yet captivating quality to this mathematical statement. The left side was constant and absolute: it encompassed a finite number. On the right was the embodiment of perpetuity, a numeral in an unending cycle. Yet, these two contrasting entities were linked by an equals sign. While contemplating in repose, I mused on the equation's reflection of our existence. The left side of the equation symbolizes the immutable and lucid aspects of life. The definite, whole numbers representing the day of your birth and the day of your demise. However, there exists an interval between birth and death. The right side signifies a realm brimming with boundless potential and infinite prospects stretching into the unforeseen future. Thus, life embodies objectivity coupled with creativity. It is unyielding yet boundless. Life is akin to an equation with two facets that achieve equilibrium. Nevertheless, we seem perpetually unable to articulate it perfectly. Perhaps numbers are just as capable of conveying concepts as words. For now, let us embrace this notion: 1 equals 0.99999... and lead a life in accordance with it. 1．What does the author emphasize about words in paragraph 1? A．Their wide variety. B．Their literary origins. C．Their distinct sounds. D．Their expressive power. 2．What made the author find the equation fascinating? A．The repetition of a number. B．The way two different numbers are equal. C．The question the teacher raised. D．The difference between the two numbers. 3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word "mused" in paragraph 6? A．Measured. B．Composed. C．Mirrored. D．Influenced. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Perfect Equation B．Numbers Build Equations C．An Attractive Question D．Words Outperform Numbers （23-24高二下·宁夏银川·期末）There is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include a hierarchy (等级) of responsibilities and unconditional love, which preclude mothers and daughters from being best friends. Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together. Best friends may or may not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse, the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable by any other. Mothers always “trump (胜过)” friends. 1．What can we learn from what Marina said? A．Best friends will not spend money on her wedding. B．Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life. C．Her mother is wiser on account of her age. D．Her mother is anything but her best friend. 2．Why can a mother and a daughter build a closer relationship? A．Because they share advanced technology with each other. B．Because they work together to support the whole family. C．Because they experience the same values and traditions. D．Because they have common experience in life and work. 3．What do we know from the text? A．The mother and daughter relationship can be replaced by a best friend. B．A mother’s love brings her and her daughter a close friendship. C．Marina has a troubled relationship with her mother. D．The mother and daughter relationship goes beyond best friendship. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How to build a good mother and daughter relationship. B．A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable. C．Mothers want to be daughters’ friends. D．A daughter is a mother’s best friend. 议论文之人与社会 （23-24高二下·山东潍坊·期末）When discussions are getting heated, divisions on opinions potentially lead to some awkward moments. This causes many of us to struggle with how to convince people to change their minds and how to argue our side effectively. Unfortunately, we’ve already become quite divided. One study showed that when people receive information against their beliefs, their brains aren’t as active as when they receive information that confirms their beliefs. Humans have a well- documented bias (偏见) called the “confirmation bias”, which is a tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing views and to avoid information that disconfirms them. Throwing data at people isn’t at all effective in changing minds and especially hearts. Instead, people just find it super annoying. Luckily, research has provided some guidance about best practices, and, not surprisingly, they all suggest what our parents have been telling us for decades: You catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. In fact, it turns out that instead of citing why you are right and someone else is wrong in a heated conversation, one of the most effective strategies you can use for changing someone’s mind is to find areas where you agree. Another thing we can do is to be open to other perspectives (观点) . We can start by acknowledging our own confirmation bias and making a conscious effort to override it. We can also try to take other people’s perspectives. And better yet — ask them for it. Ask them why they feel the way they do and what would change their mind. Be open to admitting that you could be wrong and make it easy for others to admit their own mistakes. Finally, make new friends — friends that are different from you. Make your bias a disconfirmation bias;in other words, when you have an opinion on something, don’t just read information that confirms it. Instead, make an effort to find information that could potentially prove you wrong. If you were right all along, this exercise will only make your arguments stronger. If you were wrong, your mind will have been opened up to new ideas. Either way, this kind of open-mindedness will give you a brand-new perspective on life, and you might even make some unlikely new friends in the process. 1．Which can illustrate “confirmation bias”? A．We tend to welcome different ideas. B．We accept messages from the others. C．We argue against points of disagreement. D．We prefer information in line with our views 2．What does the underlined word “honey”in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Following advice. B．Sharing common ground. C．Admitting mistakes. D．Blocking different ideas. 3．How can we benefit from our bias according to the last paragraph? A．By letting go of our own opinion. B．By making arguments more reliable. C．By opening up minds to new friends. D．By securing information opposite to ours. 4．What is the best title of the text? A．How to negotiate with others B．Why it’s so hard to change hearts and minds C．How to shift minds in polarized communication D．Why open-mindedness is effective in conversations （23-24高二下·河南许昌·期末）Standing outside my hospital the other day, I was struck by a sight. In fact, it’s a sight we’ve all seen countless times: obese (肥胖的) nurses standing around outside a hospital. It is estimated that one in four nurses is obese, with nearly two-thirds being overweight. While some have argued that obese nurses may be less productive and take more time off sick, this isn’t my concern at all. I’m just worried about the example they set to others. Yes, of course, nurses and doctors struggle with having a healthy lifestyle like everyone else. But if they can’t stick to the basic principles of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that they are promoting themselves, then in my opinion they have no business being on the front line. No patient is going to take them seriously unless they can demonstrate that they at least try to practise what they promote. It’s a serious professional failing, because it sends the disastrous message of “do as I say not as I do”, which is never going to result in someone changing their ways. You wouldn’t take advice about reducing your drinking from an alcoholic, would you? So why should you be expected to listen to an overweight healthcare professional who is telling you to lose a few pounds? Of course, there are lots of instances when a doctor or nurse’s personal struggles can really help. For example, I used to smoke and I find this actually helps me because I can relate to patients—I know their struggles, I know their concerns and I know the things they say to themselves to avoid quitting. Knowing that I used to smoke helps me come across as more human to my patients—I’ve done silly things but I’ve changed and so can they. Similarly, a nurse who was previously obese but has now lost weight could be a real motivation for patients. But until they have lost weight and can demonstrate that they practise what they promote, they risk alienating (使疏远) the very patients they are charged with helping. 1．What worries the author concerning obese nurses? A．They will call in sick a lot. B．They will be unlikely to take patients seriously. C．They will fail to play their role in health promotion. D．They will be incompetent at their job on the front line. 2．What is the author’s attitude to “do as I say not as I do” ? A．Tolerant. B．Contradictory. C．Uncaring. D．Disapproving. 3．In what way is the author’s experience of quitting smoking helpful? A．He understands smokers better. B．He manages to maintain a healthier lifestyle. C．He has become brave in the face of struggles. D．He sets a good example to his workmates. 4．What can we infer about the author? A．He is an alcoholic. B．He is a doctor. C．He is overweight. D．He is impatient. （23-24高二下·广西来宾·期末）“From this moment forward, in an effort to keep a healthy lifestyle, I’ve determined not to consume any snacks except rye bread.” is what I told myself yesterday, and yet here I am today chewing a chocolate bar. I’m aware that I’m breaking my own promise to myself. Instead of eating this, I should be working out or something. But the thing is, chocolate is too good at this moment for me to refuse it! As I type this, I’m experiencing what’s called instant gratification — the desire to experience pleasure or fulfillment without delaying it for a future benefit. Essentially, when you want it, you get it. Instant gratification is also the exact opposite of what we’re taught to do — delayed gratification: deciding to put off satisfying our current want to gain something better in the future. We’ve all encountered instant gratification before. Should I sleep in or wake up early to work out? When I get home, should I rest and watch TV first or get started on my homework? All humans have the tendency to seek pleasure and avoid pain, a basic but fundamental concept known as the pleasure principle. Originally coined by Sigmund Freud, it clearly states that all humans are driven, to some extent, by pleasure. Constantly seeking quick pleasure may bring subsequent troubles. However pleasant not doing your homework may seem right now, it only results in pleasure plagued by guilt and last-minute panicking late at night. An inability to resist instant gratification may result in underachieving in the long term and failure to meet certain goals. Instant gratification, however, is not necessarily a bad thing. You don’t always have to say no to things you want at that moment, and it’s good to treat yourself when you need it. In other words, times when you “treat yourself” are only valuable in combination with delayed gratification. While my chocolate bar may taste good now, it’ll taste even better if I only eat it after I’ve worked out or done something healthy. 1．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving a definition. C．By citing a personal case. D．By listing detailed problems. 2．Which of the following is an example of instant gratification? A．Purchasing items regardless of budgets. B．Exercising regularly for long-term health. C．Limiting time on social media platforms. D．Finishing homework before watching TV. 3．What does the underlined word “plagued” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Reminded. B．Highlighted. C．Introduced. D．Bothered. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Power of Instant Gratification B．The Pleasure Principle and Its Consequences C．Instant Gratification: A Double-Edged Sword D．The Dilemma of Modern Lifestyle Choices （23-24高二下·安徽马鞍山·期末）With the development of new media, the promotion of Mandarin (普通话) and the wave of globalization, the range of application for dialects (方言) has become smaller. Dialects, to some extent, are a culmination (积淀) of local culture. If they are not protected and healthily passed down, this “crisis” might lead to their disappearance. However, since the concept of “language resource” was introduced, the status of dialects has been given renewed importance. Dialects are a living form of intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) . As the saying goes, “It’s better to sell ancestral (祖先的) land than to abandon ancestral language.” For the recording and preservation of dialects, creating a language environment in which they can enjoy a period of growth and success is vitally important. Folk songs, local operas, dialect courses, community involvement, technological methods, and literary and artistic works can all play significant roles in the protection and inheritance (传承) of dialects. Cao Xueqin was a native of Nanjing, and the Jia family in Dream of the Red Chamber is a distinguished family from Jinling (ancient Nanjing). According to statistics, there are over 1,000 instances of Nanjing dialect in the masterpiece. Shen Congwen’s Border Town vividly portrays a “world of Western Hunan”. The locals refer to copper coins as “tongzi”, the addition of “zi” suggesting it’s just a small object. This reflects the Western Hunan people’s indifference to material wealth. In Lao She’s Rickshaw Boy, the “er” sound is everwhere, full of Beijing flavor. In fact, the literary forms of Chinese dialect have been around since ancient times and are vivid with various flavors. Never forget your dialect and never forget the accent of your hometown. 1．What has happened to dialects since the introduction of the concept of language resource? A．They have been applied less. B．They have gained new recognition. C．They have completely disappeared. D．They have promoted the spread of Mandarin. 2．What does the saying underlined in paragraph 2 imply? A．Ancestral language should be preserved. B．Ancestral land should be developed. C．Ancestral language is a fixed form. D．Ancestral land is more meaningful. 3．Why does the writer refer to the dialects in the novel Dream of the Red Chamber? A．To illustrate the complicated relationship. B．To demonstrate their extensive usage. C．To convey the distinctive Beijing culture. D．To describe the personalities of the characters. 4．In which column of a magazine can you find the text probably? A．Entertainment. B．Culture. C．Health. D．Economy. （23-24高二下·浙江温州·期末）“ChatGPT is a computer program that can understand and respond to text like a person. It’s like havinga conversation with a very smart robot,” says ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence text generator. In November of 2022, the computer program ChatGPT generated significant public interest across the globe for its broad applications and commercial value. This AI model demonstrated its ability to perform a variety of tasks, from generating book summaries, recommendations, and personal research assistance, to drafting college SOPs, essays, and emails. According to Ehsan Hoque, Associate Professor of Computer Science at UR, while the concepts used to build ChatGPT are not entirely new, combining them with this AI model marks a significant achievement in the field of AI engineering. With that being said, the system has also generated contention over its possible violation of academic honesty. The use of ChatGPT for homework assignments is a growing concern for professors across the globe. The University, on the other hand, has not addressed or made a statement on this matter. There are potential academic violations for homework and exams. One such case is Professor of Political Science and Business David Primo. He entered one of his previous test questions into ChatGPT, and ChatGPT got it exactly correct. Despite concerns, Primo understands that the issue of academic honesty is a concern that has existed and will exist forever. He talks about this as well as the many other negative uses of the internet, saying “The internet makes it easy to spread hateful messages and pirate music, but do you want to go back to a time where you couldn’t bank online, or listen to music online?” Primo also pictures this technological advancement being integrated into classes and assessments in the future. “Universities should move slowly here and let faculty members experiment with various approaches to AI and adapt to a world of AI,” said Primo. 1．What makes the program a great breakthrough? A．Its ability to perform various tasks. B．Its achievements in learning technology. C．Its wide application and commercial value. D．The combination of its concept and AI model. 2．What does the underlined word in the third paragraph mean? A．dispute B．support C．disadvantage D．mistake 3．What might Primo agree with regarding the use of ChatGPT? A．It is a double-edged sword. B．It has little impact on academia. C．Its advantages outweigh its disadvantages. D．It should be prohibited for academic integrity. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．ChatGPT demonstrates its great strength. B．ChatGPT generates great argument. C．ChatGPT arouses significant public interest. D．ChatGPT causes the potential academic violations. （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）There is a trend in New York right now where people are carrying cotton bags for doing the shopping. But new data challenge the common view that cotton bags are better than plastic ones and are planet-friendly. According to the data, an organic cotton bag needs to be used 20,000 times to cancel out its overall impact of production. That equals daily use for 54 years for just one bag. Dealing with a bag in an environmentally low-impact way is not nearly as simple as people think. You can’t, for example, just put a cotton bag in a garbage can. Even when a cotton bag does make it to a treatment plant, most dyes (染料) used to print logos onto it are PVC-based and extremely difficult to break down chemically; thus it can’t be processed to be used again. Christopher Stanev, the co-founder of Evrnu, a Seattle-based recycling firm, estimates 10 to 15 percent of the cotton they receive is wasted this way. That’s not to say cotton is worse than plastic, or that the two should even be compared. While growing cotton can use pesticides (杀虫剂) and make rivers dry up due to water consumption, producing lightweight plastic bags uses greenhouse fossil (化石) fuels which can not be changed naturally by bacteria into substances that do not harm the environment, and the bags will pile up in the ocean. Aesop, an Australian brand, is changing the composition of its shopping bags to a 60-40 combination of recycled and organic cotton. It will cost more, but reduce water by 70 to 80 percent. Some brands are turning to other alternatives — designer Anya Hindmarch introduced a new version of her original bag made from recycled water bottles. But in the end, the simplest solution may be the most obvious. Not every product needs a bag. 1．What is the common people’s attitude to using cotton bags? A．Objective. B．Uncaring. C．Favourable. D．Opposed. 2．What do the figures in paragraph 2 indicate? A．Cotton bags are hard to recycle. B．Cotton bags are strong and long-lasting. C．Processing cotton bags is time-consuming. D．Cotton bags may do more harm than good. 3．Why are some cotton bags wasted in treatment plants? A．Printed patterns make them unrecyclable. B．Logos can’t be removed from them. C．There are too many cotton bags to process. D．Most dyes damage the environment. 4．What does the author advise shoppers to do? A．Buy fewer products. B．Reduce the use of bags. C．Seek new alternatives. D．Turn to recycled cotton bags. （23-24高二下·安徽芜湖·期末）“WHAT IS CIVILISATION?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal (开创性的) BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now.” And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院). It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s (大教堂) collapsing steeple (尖塔) is in fact profoundly human — and in a particularly 21st-century way. Familiarity breeds affection. A building on whose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself. That helps explain why China is in mourning — WeChat, young China’s principal (主要的) means of talking to itself, has been following the story. And it will be rebuilt. The effort to rebuild it will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Its survival through 850 years of political turbulence — through war, revolution and Nazi occupation — binds the present to the past. It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in “The Hunchback of Notre Dame”, a three-volume love-letter to the cathedral: “Great edifices (建筑物), like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made… Time is the architect, the nation is the builder.” 1．What can we infer according to Paragraph 1? A．Kenneth Clark is a staff (职员) in BBC． B．Kenneth Clark believes that Notre Dame is a symbol of civilization. C．Civilization is so abstract that Kenneth Clark can’t recognise it. D．Notre Dame is the subject of the BBC series. 2．Why has the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames attracted so much attention according to the passage? A．Because the sunny steps in Notre Dame for people to rest on is impressive. B．Because Notre Dame has boosted the local economy. C．Because numerable people around the world has been there and left good memories. D．Because social media like WeChat in China help more people know it. 3．Which of the following can best explain the underlined word in Paragraph 4? A．current B．parties C．power D．disorder 4．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The essence (精髓) of Notre Dame will be lost if we rebuild it. B．It is difficult to rebuild Notre Dame. C．If it were not for the fire, Notre Dame would always stay the same. D．Notre Dame will change as time goes by even without the fire. （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）No matter where I direct my gaze, the landscape is dotted with the skeletal frames of new structures taking shape. The familiar neighborhoods of my youth, once adorned with the charm of time-honored edifices, have largely vanished, replaced by the sleek silhouettes of contemporary high-rises. There is a rationale for this transformation: residents are in pursuit of the amenities that modern living promises. However, the question that lingers is, how can the younger generation grasp and uphold their cultural heritage if the tangible remnants of it are continually erased? The advocacy for the conservation of historical buildings transcends mere sentimental yearning for the past. Economic considerations also lend strong support to the cause of preservation. The restoration and safeguarding of historical districts can serve as a catalyst for economic growth, enticing tourists and small enterprises to the locality. A case in point is the historic Al Bastikiya neighborhood in Dubai, which annually attracts a multitude of visitors from across the globe. It also draws the interest of local inhabitants who are keen on exploring the history of their city. Critics often contend that preserving historical monuments is an expensive endeavor, but numerous recent initiatives have shown this belief to be unfounded. In fact, the process of refurbishing an existing structure for alternative use can be approximately £40 per square meter less costly than even the most elementary new construction, all the while retaining the architectural elegance of the original structure. Moreover, despite the common assertion that older buildings are less energy efficient and thus have a larger environmental footprint, architects and environmental specialists assert that the most eco-friendly building is the one that already exists. New construction typically has a more detrimental environmental impact, as it necessitates the procurement and transportation of brand-new materials over potentially lengthy distances, rather than utilizing recycled materials that are readily available on site. In essence, we recycle many other items in our daily lives, and the same principle should be applied to buildings. The act of preserving historical structures presents a multitude of opportunities; in stark contrast, demolition is an irreversible act. Once these architectural gems are lost, they are gone forever, severing an integral thread in our cultural tapestry that can never be regenerated. The decision to preserve or demolish is thus not merely one of aesthetics or economy, but also one of heritage and legacy. 1．What drives people to replace old buildings with new ones? A．Their dislike of old buildings. B．Their pride in cultural identity. C．Their concern about young generations. D．Their desire for modern comforts. 2．What does the example of Al Bastikiya show? A．Historic renovation costs much money. B．Local governments support small businesses. C．Historic preservation brings economic benefits. D．International tourism promises economic recovery. 3．What can be inferred about renovating old buildings from paragraph 3? A．It uses green materials. B．It damages architectural beauty. C．It reduces environmental impact. D．It worries environmental experts. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards historic preservation? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Disapproving. D．Objective. 议论文之人与自然 （23-24高二下·四川自贡·期末）Recently, campaigners have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels from the producer to the shop owner. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon mission(排放物). However, the real story is not as simple as that. In fact, imported food often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown good. Take apples, for example. The local apples the British buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the crop grows well in the local climate. We must also take into account the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates more emissions. However, only a few goods are flown to the consumer country, and these are usually high-value, short-lived items which we cannot produce locally. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using natural fertilizers, unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilizers and machinery. Also, a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. Driving a long way to shop for food will neutralize(抵消) any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Furthermore, choosing local over imported food can also badly affect people in developing countries. If they are unable to sell produce overseas, they will have less income. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labeling foods to show they have been imported by air. But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint. And. even if we only buy local food which is currently in season, there are ethical(伦理的) problems. What’s more, our diets would be more limited. 1．Why should the British buy imported apples according to the author? A．It reduces food miles. B．It benefits the local farmers. C．It is less energy-consuming. D．It is less costly and more convenient. 2．What can we infer about the foods transported by air? A．They are grown using oil-based fertilizers. B．They can be mass-produced locally. C．They have a low carbon footprint. D．They fail to have a long shelf life. 3．What does the author think of labeling foods? A．It does not give correct product information. B．It does not tell a full and accurate story. C．It will raise environmental awareness. D．It will help people to shop ethically. 4．What is the purpose of this text? A．To solve a problem. B．To make a prediction. C．To argue against a belief. D．To give practical advice. （23-24高二下·河北沧州·期末）The summer reading season is here. Some people will opt for paperbacks because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers. But which is the more environmentally sustainable option? According to 2023 data from the literary industry research group Words Rated, when it comes to pulp (纸浆) and paper, print book publishing is the world’s third-largest industrial greenhouse gas producer, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the United States to make paper for books. So many publishers are switching to on-demand printing. For example, Chronicle Books, are reducing their initial print runs to see how well the titles sell before they print more. “We felt that it was better to have a higher cost and have less waste,” said Chronic le Books president, Tyrrell Mahoney. Publishers are also rethinking book design. It might be a surprise, but certain fonts (字体) can be more climate-friendly by using less ink and less paper. Digital reading seems to have a considerable eco-advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees, pulping and shipping. Moreover, tech companies that make e-readers such as Amazon, which sells the market-leading Kindle e-reader, offer recycling programs for old devices. “By choosing e-books as an alternative to print, Kindle readers helped save an estimated 2.3 million metric tons of carbon emissions over a two-year period,” said Corey Badcock, head of Kindle product and marketing. But digital devices also come with a substantial carbon footprint, mainly at the producing stage. Their cases are made with fossil-fuel-derived plastics and the minerals in their batteries require resource-heavy mining. Berners-Lee, the author of The Carbon Footprint of Everything , said the average e-reader has a carbon footprint of around 80 pounds. “This means that I’ve got to read about 36 small paperback books-worth on it before you break even,” he said. “If you buy an e-reader and you read loads and loads of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do,” Berners-Lee said. “But if I buy it, read a couple of books, and decide that I prefer paperback books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” 1．Why are publishers switching to on-demand printing? A．To further reduce costs. B．To increase market sales. C．To make books more durable. D．To be more environmentally friendly. 2．What is the author’s attitude towards digital devices’ carbon footprint? A．Optimistic. B．Dismissive. C．Objective. D．Defensive. 3．What can we say about the carbon footprint of reading according to Berners-Lee? A．Heavy e-readers will have a lower carbon footprint. B．Paperback readers contribute less to carbon emissions. C．The carbon footprint of reading is unworthy of attention. D．There’s no way to measure the carbon footprint of e-readers. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．An Eco-Debate: Is My E-Reader Really Greener? B．The Decline of Paper: A Look at Modern Publishing C．The Future of Reading: E-ink Technology Advances D．What’s Better for the Climate: A Paper Book or an E-Reader? 试卷第1页，共3页 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$