山西省运城市河津市2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末质量监测英语试卷

晋升学2023至2024学年第二学期八年级期末学业诊断英语听力部分。第一题情景反映。本题共五个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话。请你从每小题所给的ABC3幅图片中选出与你所听到的信息相关联的一项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。每小题读两遍。One, look what is spent doing now. Oh, he's starting for the english test. Look, what is ben doing now? Oh, he's a studying for the english test. Two, David, does your new shirt fit? Yes. mom, IT suits me fine. David, does your new shirt fit? Yes, mom, IT suits me fine. Three, what did you buy on the big sale? I bought a camera at a good Price. What did you buy on the big sale? I bought a camera at a good prize. For that building looks great. You're right. It's been around for many years and is a museum now. That building looks great. You're right. It's been around for many years, and it's a museum now. Five, let's travel to gangs o and enjoy the desert, the summer vacation. That sounds great. I can't wait to go there. Let's travel to gang suu and enjoy the desert this summer vacation. That sounds great. I can't wait to go there. 第二题，对话理解。本题共五个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话和一个问题。请你从每小题所给的AB、C3个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，每小题读两遍。Six, Allen, can you help take out the rubbish? Lisa will sweep the floor. No problem. Just leave IT to me. Miss White question, who will take out the rubbish? Allen, can you help take out the rubbish? Lisa will sweep the floor. No problem. Just leave IT to me. Miss White question, who will take out the rubbish? Seven, I heard that there will be a music festival in运城。What exciting news. You know, i'm crazy about music. yeah, but I think it's boring. And there are always too many people during the festival. Question, what does the boy think of the music festival? I heard that there will be a music festival in winter. What exciting news. You know, i'm crazy about music. yeah, but I think boring. And there are always too many people during festival. Question, what does the boy think of the music festival? Eight, i'd like to give away some soft toys and the yellow sweater. How about you? It's hard to say goodbye to certain things, but the black bike is too small for me. Question, what is the boy probably going to give away? I'd like to keep away some soft toys and the yellow sweater. How about you? It's hard to say goodbye to certain things, but the black bike is too small for me. Question, what is the boy probably going to give away? Nine, how long have you been in china? Frank. let me see. I moved to beijing when I was twenty five. I'm thirty years old now. Question, how long has Frank been in china? How long have you been in china? Frank? Let me see. I moved to beijing when I was twenty five. I'm thirty years old now. Question, how long has Frank been in china? Ten, I try to work out the problem, but failed. Two heads are Better than one. Why not ask others for help? Question, what does the men mean? I tried to work out the problem, but failed. Two heads are Better than one. Why not ask others for help? Question, what does the men mean? 第三题语篇理解。本题你将听到一篇短文，请你根据短文内容和所提出的五个问题，从每小题所给的ABC3个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑文章读两遍。There is a chinese medium. none in映雪。which means keeping reading under the difficult conditions. The freeze comes from a two hardworking Young man, 车in and孙康。车颖and孙康love to reading when they were Young，but their families were too poor to buy them. Light on a summer night train saw fireflies flying. An an idea came into his mind. He caught some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung IT up as a lamp. He spent all his summer nights reading like this on a cold winter night. When suka woke up, he saw the moon shine brightly on the snow, and he made the night brighter, so he took his books outside reading with the light. Later, both of them became successful. Their stories tell us that difficulties can't stop Young people from learning. There is a chinese item, 囊萤映雪，which means keeping reading under the difficult conditions. The phrase comes from two hardworking Young men, chin and松康chin and soon kang laughed，reading when they were Young, but their families were too poor to buy them light on a summer night, chewing, saw fireflies flying, and an idea came into his mind. He caught some fireflies in a cloth bag and hanged up as a lamp. He spent all his summer nights reading like this on a cold winter night. When soon can woke up, he saw the moon shine brightly on the snow, and IT met the nights riter, so he took his books outside reading with the light. Later, both of them became successful. Their stories tell us that difficulties can't stop Young people from learning. 第四题，听力填空。本题你将听到一篇短文，请你根据所听内容完成下面的表格，并将获取的信息填到答题卡相应的位置上，每空一词文章读两遍。How to control emotions has always been a difficult problem for people to solve. When we are angry, we are easy to lose control and say dirty words. As a result, we may hurt others. Emotion control helps us to deal with things Better and a feel happier. Here are some simple ways. Firstly, try to breathe deeply when you feel worried. Secondly, when you feel angry, try to close your eyes and slowly count to ten. Thirdly, find a quiet place when you feel crazy and try to write in a diary, jaw or dance folly, talk to trusted friends or adults. And fifthly, do something relaxing, such as listening to music, reading or playing. How to control emotions has always been a difficult problem for people to solve. When we are angry, we are easy to lose control and say dirty words. As a result, we may hurt others. Emotion control helps us to do with things Better and feel happier. Here are some simple ways. Firstly, try to breathe deeply when you feel worried. Secondly, when you feel angry, try to close your eyes and slowly count to ten. Thirdly, find a quiet place when you feel crazy and try to write in a diary, draw or dance. Firstly, talk to trusted friends or adults, and fifth, do something relaxing, such as listening to music, reading or playing. 听力测试到此结束。 2023～2024 学年第二学期八年级期末学业诊断 英语 （考试时间：120 分钟） 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分听力和笔试两部分。全卷共 10 页，满分 120 分，考试时间 120 分钟，（含听力测试 20 分钟）。 2. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置上。 3. 答案全部在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 听力部分（共 20 分） 一、情景反应（每小题1分，共5分） 本题共五个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话。请你从每小题所给的 A、B、C 三幅图片中，选出与你所听到的信息相关联的一项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. B. C. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. B. C. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A B. C. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. B. C. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. B. C. 二、对话理解（每小题1分，共5分） 本题共 5 个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话和一个问题。请你从每小题所给的 A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Alan. B. Lisa. C. Miss White. 7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Crazy. 8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Some soft toys. B. A yellow sweater. C. A black bike. 9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. For 5 years. B. For 25 years. C. For 30 years. 10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Teamwork is the way to success. C. Hard work is the secret of success. 三、语篇理解（每小题1分，共5分） 本题你将听到一篇短文。请你根据短文内容和所提出的 5 个问题，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. Whom is the phrase Nangying yingxue about? A. Two rich young men. B. Young women in poor families. C. Two hard-working young men. 12. What did Che Yin and Sun Kang like? A. Reading. B. Flying. C. Showing. 13. What time did Che Yin reading in the story? A. On spring days. B. On winter nights. C. On summer nights. 14. Why did Sun Kang do his reading outside under the moon? A. Because it was brighter there. B. Because it was too cold in his room. C. Because he did not want to go to bed. 15. What can we learn from the stories? A. Young people must work harder and harder. B. Nothing can stop young people from learning. C. We should read on summer and winter nights. 四、听力填空（每小题1分，共5分） 本题你将听到一篇短文。请你根据所听内容，完成下面的表格，并将获取的信息填到答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How to control emotions (情绪) Bad results: • Say dirty words. • ____16____ others. Ways: • Breathe ____17____ when you feel worried. • Close your eyes and slowly ____18____ to ten when you feel angry. • Find a quiet place when you feel ____19____ . • Talk to trusted friends or ____20____ . • Do something relaxing such as listening to music or playing. 笔试部分（共 100 分） 五、补全对话（每小题2分，共10分） 根据下面的对话内容，在空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。 Hi. Cindy! ____21____ I’m watching a film on the Internet. ____22____ Kung Fu Panda 4. Is it as exciting as Kung Fu Panda 3 ? ____23____ I’ll enjoy it when I'm free. Oh, I'm calling to ask if you’ll join us to do some voluntary work tomorrow? Of course, I will.____24____ At 8 o’clock, at the school gate. OK ____25____ 六、完形填空（每小题1分，共8分） 请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 On a sunny morning Miss Green was telling her pupils a story of light. She ____26____ said, “Do you know that everyone has a beam (束) of light in their hearts? This light ____27____ love we receive in our childhood. When we are treated gently as children, this light becomes brighter and brighter.” Tom wondered, “Miss Green, what is the ____28____ of the light when we grow up?” Miss Green smiled and replied, “When you grow up, the light gives you strength and courage when you face ____29____ and challenges. It fills your hearts with love and makes your eyes shine with hope.” Miss Green ____30____ ,“ So we need to treat you as well as we can to make your childhood happier. That way, when you grow up, ____31____ you meet with troubles, you’ll find warmth and light in your hearts.” Amy opened her eyes widely and asked, “How can we make the light in our hearts ____32____ ?” Miss Green gently answered, “By giving more care and help and showing more kindness and understanding. When you are gently raised up, your hearts will be ____33____ love. And your eyes will naturally shine with light.” The gentle care and respect children receive are the lasting brightness in their hearts. Children who grow up in such environment can spread warmth and light wherever they go. 26. A. softly B. angrily C. simply 27. A. takes in B. comes from C. gives out 28. A. use B. mark C. memory 29. A. objects B. successes C. difficulties 30. A. guessed B. continued C. reminded 31. A. as for B. ever since C. even though 32. A. smaller B. brighter C. cooler 33. A. full of B. amazed at C. excited about 七、阅读理解（这一部分共五篇短文，每篇短文后有五个小题，34-57每小题2分，58题4分，共52分） （A） 请阅读下面短文，根据每段内容，从下面所给的选项中选出适当的小标题，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If you can’t communicate well with your parents, don’t worry. Here are a number of ways to make a better relationship with your parents. ____34____ Don’t get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’t consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express yourself well if you are angry. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, send a message. ____35____ Talk to your parents about things that you care about and your feelings about these things. Share your ideas with them and discuss things that you are interested in, and your parents can understand you better. ____36____ Perhaps you and your parents can’t agree on something. You hold different ideas on the same thing, and maybe you might refuse to agree with each other. In these situations, it’s especially important to show love and respect to your parents. ____37____ Your parents think in a different way because they grow up in a different environment. Try to remind them of any problem in their relationships with their parents because of differences. Use this information when you talk to your parents to improve your relationship with them. ____38____ Consider what your parents have done for you. Let your parents know that you are thankful to them for all they have done for you. Give them a nice gift or do some housework without being asked. A. Be open and honest B. Try to reach an agreement C. Don’t argue with your parents D. Show your thanks with actions E. Accept that your parents are different （B） 请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Almost every one of us is interested in different kinds of works of art. They challenge us to think and bring us enjoyment. Behind each work, there is an untold story of pain and effort. Ludwig van Beethoven (1770—1827) Beethoven was a great German musician. When he was fifty, he was completely deaf. He could still write wonderful music, like his famous 9th Symphony (交响乐)—but he couldn’t hear it! Vincent van Gogh (1853—1890) Today Vincent van Gogh’s paintings are some of the most expensive works of art in the world. But while he was alive, Van Gogh sold only one of his paintings for very little money. He couldn’t sell any of his paintings any more after that. Helen Keller (1880—1968) Born in America, Helen was blind and deaf by the age of 2. She couldn’t see or hear, but she could read with her fingers, and listen to people by touching their mouths. She was the first blind and deaf person to finish university. 39. Where was Beethoven from? A. Germany. B. America. C. Canada. 40. When did Beethoven write his 9th Symphony? A. When he was famous. B. After he was deaf. C. Before he was deaf. 41. How many paintings did Van Gogh sell when he was alive？ A. One. B. Ten. C. Hundred. 42. How did Helen Keller listen to people? A. By writing stories. B. By making speeches. C. By touching their mouths. 43. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Many famous artists are disabled. B. Great artists bring us lots of enjoyment. C. There is pain and effort behind success. （C） 请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The Himalaya Mountains are the largest in the world. They are over 2, 600 kilometers long from Pakistan in the west, to Namcha Barwa of Tibet in China in the east. They have the highest and most dangerous climbing peaks (峰顶) in the world. The most well-known ones are Mount Qomolangma (8, 844.43 meters) and the K2 (8,611 meters). People from all over the world come to Asia to try climbing these huge mountains. Mount Qomolangma is close to Nepal and Tibet of China, and K2 separates the Xinjiang area in the northwest of China from Pakistan. The most difficult peak to climb is K2 not only because of its terrible rocks but also because of the dangerous weather there. The mountain is the tallest in the area and doesn’t have any protection from the wind and storms. The mountains are not just for climbing. Three important rivers come from these mountains. The Indus River, the Gangabrahmaputra River and the Yangtze River all receive water from the snowy peaks of these mountains. The Yangtze River is the largest river in Asia and the third largest in the world. It runs to the east from the Himalayas out to the China Sea. The Himalayas are a reminder of the power and beauty of nature. 44. Where is the east point of the Himalaya mountains? A. Pakistan. B. Namcha Barwa of Tibet. C. Mount Qomolangma. 45. What does the underlined word “separates” in Paragraph 2 mean? A 连接 B. 分割 C. 排列 46. Why is K2 the most difficult peak to climb? A. Because it makes climbers feel terrible and give up. B. Because it has strongest wind and storms and no water. C. Because it has many terrible rocks and dangerous weather. 47. What is the importance of the Himalaya Mountains? A. They are just for climbing. B. They protect people from the danger. C. They mean the power and beauty of nature. 48. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Himalayas. B. Qomolangma. C. K2. （D） 请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从下面所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。 Sometimes you get the idea from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through singing or dancing or basketball or being a talent TV star. ____49____ The truth is that being successful is hard. You won’t like every subject you study. ____50____ Not every homework will be interesting and completely have something to do with your life right at the minute. And you won’t succeed at everything the first time you try. ____51____ You become good at things through hard work. You are not an excellent player the first time you play a new sport. You don’t carry every note the first time you sing a song. ____52____ The same is true of your schoolwork. If you get a bad grade, that doesn’t mean you are stupid. ____53____ You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right. You might have to read something a few times before you understand it. You have to correct your homework a few times before it is good enough to hand in. A. You have got to practice. B. You won’t love every teacher you have. C. No one is born being good at all the things. D. You can realize your dreams by working hard. E. But in fact you may not be any of those things. F. It just means you need spend more time studying. （E） 请阅读下面的非连续性文本，按要求完成所给任务，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。 In July 2020, Ministry of Education (教育部) of China required that students in primary and middle schools should spend some time each week (at least 2 hours for students of Grade 1 and 2 while at least 3 hours for students of others grades) doing chores and other activities. Since then, schools have paid more attention to labor (劳动) education. students chore time each week in the countryside in the city boys 1.11 hours 0.8 hour girls 1.2 hours 0.92 hour Most parents think it necessary for kids to do some chores. But some parents still think childhood is just for playing so they don’t ask their children to do chores. Most students can’t meet the requirement of chore time although they help to do some chores each week. In fact, doing chores does good to teenagers in many ways. Learning a lot of skills When they do the housework, they need to understand how to cook, how to shop and how to clean. Learning these skills can help them understand the needs of themselves and others. Feeling proud of their achievements Helping around the house can really help to make children proud of themselves, and giving them praise for helping will make them want to do more. They will feel happy to be able to help out in the house. Having a sense of responsibility (责任感) Children learn to help share and care about others by doing chores. They can under-stand the value of hard work when they are asked to do a specific job in the house. 54. How many hours should middle school students do chores each week? __________________________________________________ 55. Why don’t some parents want their children to do chores? __________________________________________________ 56. What information can we get from the table? __________________________________________________ 57. How will students feel by doing chores? __________________________________________________ 58. What kind of chores do you usually do at home? What have you learned from doing housework? (More than 10 words) __________________________________________________ 八、词语运用（每小题1分，共15分） （A） 请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的词，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。 People in Wenxi, Shanxi always prepare Huamo for good luck on some important days. Wenxi Huamo has a long history. People started to ____59____ it in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. However, as time went by, fewer young people got to know ____60____ it. Several years ago, an artist made a short film and it recorded how to make Wenxi Huamo. Since then, Wenxi Huamo has been popular again. The skills of making Huamo are usually passed down from mothers to their ____61____ . Zhang Haiyun, a woman in Wenxi, fell in love with Huamo because of her mother and grandmother. Later, she set up a factory making Huamo. She even came up with a new idea ____62____ put the Chinese character on Huamo to wish people a long life. People love to buy one when they celebrate (庆祝) birthdays for old people. Some people say that we ____63____ what we eat. Wenxi Huamo expresses people’s best wishes for living a long life. （B） 请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。 he year brave collect success develop they while strong notice protect believable Jack came to visit his grandfather during the summer vacation. One day, he said to his grandfather, “I want to be a ____64____ man when I grow up. Can you tell me some ways?” Grandpa took ____65____ to a nearby market and bought two small plants. Then he planted one in a pot inside the house and another outside the house. “Which one ____66____ better in the future?” he asked. Jack said, “The one in the house, because it won’t face any dangers ____67____ the one outside may meet strong sunshine, storms and animals,” Grandpa smiled and said, “Let’s see what will happen.” Four ____68____ later, Jack came to visit his grandfather again. He ____69____ that a large tree stood outside. Jack was surprised and said, “How ____70____ it is!” Grandpa explained with a smile, “Plants outside had to face many difficulties, so they had to try their best ____71____ themselves. Each difficulty they face is a chance for them to become much ____72____ and make their roots (根) a little deeper. Remember: If you always make comfortable choices, you will not be able to succeed.” Jack understood what his grandpa said. He knew that facing difficulties and dealing with them ____73____ can make him grow stronger. The greater the storm is, the brighter the rainbow will be! 九、书面表达（共15分）请将短文写在答题卡相应的位置上。 74. 阅读，是一种奇妙的旅行，点滴之间滋养你、改变你。读好书，可以培养不屈品格，可以拥有不服输的精神。你班本周组织了以“分享经典书籍”为题的主题班会。请你写一篇发言稿，分享自己的阅读体验。 内容包括： • the book you have read • what it is mainly about • what you have learned from it 要求： 1. 词数不少于 80 词； 2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2023～2024 学年第二学期八年级期末学业诊断 英语 （考试时间：120 分钟） 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分听力和笔试两部分。全卷共 10 页，满分 120 分，考试时间 120 分钟，（含听力测试 20 分钟）。 2. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置上。 3. 答案全部在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 听力部分（共 20 分） 一、情景反应（每小题1分，共5分） 本题共五个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话。请你从每小题所给的 A、B、C 三幅图片中，选出与你所听到的信息相关联的一项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 【1题答案】 【答案】A 【2题答案】 【答案】B 【3题答案】 【答案】C 【4题答案】 【答案】B 【5题答案】 【答案】C 二、对话理解（每小题1分，共5分） 本题共 5 个小题，每小题你将听到一组对话和一个问题。请你从每小题所给的 A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 【6题答案】 【答案】A 【7题答案】 【答案】B 【8题答案】 【答案】C 【9题答案】 【答案】A 【10题答案】 【答案】B 三、语篇理解（每小题1分，共5分） 【11~15题答案】 【答案】11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 四、听力填空（每小题1分，共5分） 【16~20题答案】 【答案】16. Hurt 17. deeply 18. count 19. crazy 20. adults 笔试部分（共 100 分） 五、补全对话（每小题2分，共10分） 【21~25题答案】 【答案】21. What are you doing (now)? 22. What film (is it)? / What’s the name of it ? / ... 23. Yes, it is. / Sure. They are both exciting. / Well, I think it’s more exciting. /... 24. When and where (shall we meet)? 25. See you tomorrow. / Bye. / ... 六、完形填空（每小题1分，共8分） 【26~33题答案】 【答案】26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 七、阅读理解（这一部分共五篇短文，每篇短文后有五个小题，34-57每小题2分，58题4分，共52分） （A） 【34~38题答案】 【答案】34. C 35. A 36. B 37. E 38. D （B） 【39~43题答案】 【答案】39. A 40. B 41. A 42. C 43. C （C） 【44~48题答案】 【答案】44. B 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. A （D） 【49~53题答案】 【答案】49. E 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. F （E） 【54~58题答案】 【答案】54. At least 3 hours. 55. Because they think childhood is just for playing. 56. We can know the chore-time of boys and girls in the countryside and in the city each week. And generally, students in the countryside spend more time doing chores than those in the city. Also, girls spend more time doing chores than boys. （答案不唯一，合理即可） 57. They will feel proud of their achievements and happy to be able to help out in the house. 58. I usually do the dishes at home. From doing it, I’ve learned how to be more careful. Also, I understand how tiring it is for my parents to do housework every day.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 八、词语运用（每小题1分，共15分） （A） 【59~63题答案】 【答案】59. make 60. about 61. daughters 62. and##to 63. are （B） 【64~73题答案】 【答案】64. successful 65. him 66. will develop 67. while 68. years 69. noticed 70. unbelievable 71. to protect 72. stronger 73. bravely 九、书面表达（共15分）请将短文写在答题卡相应的位置上。 【74题答案】 【答案】例文 I have finished reading the novel Robinson Crusoe written by Daniel Defoe. This is the third time I’ve read it and it is one of my favorite books. This book tells a story about Robinson who liked adventure and had been to a lot of places around the world. While he traveled to South Africa by ship, he met a storm and was lost in an island. Although scared, he managed to live on the island alone for 28 years. He never stopped looking for a way out. At last, he successfully sent the SOS signal and was saved to England. The book has taught me a lot. No matter how hard and dangerous life is, we must keep on living with a strong mind and will. The story also teaches me to learn to live by ourselves. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$