专题24 重点词汇辨析（课件）-2025年小升初英语复习讲练测（全国通用版）

授课人：Miss 2025年5月16日 专题二十四 重点词汇辨析 小 升 初 英 语 总 复 习 1 2 考点① 常见近义词辨析 1.look, see, watch, read (1)look指提醒别人，引起注意的“看”。如：  Look! There is a bird near the blackboard. 注意：look后不能直接接名词，必须和at连用才能接名词，表示提醒别人看某物或某人。如： Look at me, please. 3 (2)see强调“看”的结果，是“看见”之意。看见一样东西用see不用look。如：  You can see a dog under the tree. (3) watch意为“注视”，指仔细地观察。如： I am watching the boy. 4 (4) read指“阅读”。如：  She often reads storybooks in the evening. 她经常在晚上看故事书。 5 例题 一、用 look、see、watch、read的适当形式填空。 1. Jenny's sister ________ a book in her room.  2. Please ________ the blackboard, boys and girls.  3. What other things can you ________ on the table?  4. ________! What are they doing under the tree?  5. My brother and I are ________ TV.  6. Are they ________ a football game?  is reading look at see Look watching watching 6 2.say, speak, tell, talk (1)say意思是“说，讲”，着重指说话的内容，常作及物动词，后面跟宾语。如：  He said something that I didn't know. (2)speak指说话、演讲。着重强调说的动作，不注重说的内容，一般作不及物动词。作及物动词时所接的宾语只能是语言或真理、事实(truth)。如： Can you speak Chinese? 7 (3)tell指告诉、讲。着重强调是一人对另一人说的话，后面要跟双宾语，即先跟听话人(后接人称代词宾格或人名)，再接说话的内容。如：  My mother told me a story yesterday. (4) talk指说话、交谈。着重强调交谈，后面通常接介词about、with、to等，再接说话的内容。如： They are talking about the film. 8 例题 二、用say, tell, speak, talk的适当形式填空 1. He ________ he is hungry. 2. My mother often ________ me stories before bedtime. 3. Can you ________ French? 4. They are ________ about their plans for the weekend. says tells speak talking 9 3.borrow, lend (1) borrow从主语角度讲是“借来，借进”，常用短语为“borrow sth. from sb.”。如：  She borrowed some books from your sister. (2) lend从主语角度讲是“借出”，常用短语为“lend sth. to sb.”或“lend sb.sth.”。如： He lends a pen to me. 10 例题 三、根据所给中文提示完成下列句子。 1. Could you ________ me your dictionary? （你能借我你的字典吗？） 2. Students can ________ up to 5 books from the school library. （学生最多可从图书馆借5本书。） lend borrow 11 4.correct, right (1)correct作形容词时意为“正确的，恰当的”；作动词时意为“纠正”。如：  (2)right强调正确性，不可以作动词，另有“右边；右方的”之意。如： You are right. The student can't correct the mistake. 这个学生不能纠正这个错误。 12 5.news, message (1)news强调具有新闻性的消息和报道。如：  (2) message常指口信、书面留言、电文等。如： I have a message for you from Lily. Your teacher is in the news. 你的老师在新闻里。 13 例题 四、从方框中选词并用其适当形式填空。 1.There is some ________ about the concert in the school newspaper. 2.Could you please take a ________ for Lisa? news message 14 6.question, problem (1)question意思较广，一般指需要解答或回答的问题。如：  (2)problem指存在需要解决的问题或物理、数学中的难题。如： I can't solve this maths problem. 我解不出这道数学题。 They asked a great many questions about England. 他们问了一大堆有关英格兰的问题。 15 例题 五、用question, problem完成句子： 1.他正在想一道数学难题。 He is thinking about a maths _________. 2.这个问题很难被解决。 The ________ is difficult to be solved.  problem problem 16 例题 五、用question, problem完成句子： 3.我可以问你一些问题吗？ May I ask you some ________? 4.问题是如何为工程筹集资金。 The ________ is how to get the money for the project. 5.现在仔细听我说然后回答我的问题。 Now listen to me carefully and answer my _______. questions problem questions 17 7.answer, reply (1)answer用法较普遍，指书面或口头答复。如：  (2)reply较正式，指经过考虑后的答复。对……做出回复  reply to=answer如： I called, but no one answered. 我打了电话，但是没人接听。 "I don't have time to talk with you," he replied. “我没有时间跟你交谈。”他回答道。 18 例题 六、单项选择。 ( )The students______but didn't______my question.     A. answered, reply            B. replied, answer  C. replied, replied B 19 8.sick, ill (1)sick指“生病”的意思时，可作表语、定语。如：  (2)ill表示“有病的，不健康的”时只作表语，一般不作定语。但当它表示“坏的；邪恶的”等意思时，只能作定语，不能作表语。如： Her son is ill. 她儿子病了。 She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。 20 例题 七、用sick或ill填空。 1.She is ________ in bed. 2.The smell makes me ________. ill/sick sick 21 9.big, large (1)big较口语化，指事物面积或体积的大小。如：  (2) large指巨大，在表示数量大时用large,而不用big。如： She has a large number of books. 她有大量的书。 The box is too big to carry. 这个盒子太大拿不动。 22 10.desk, table (1) desk指课桌，与学习有关。如：  (2) table指桌子、餐桌，与生活有关。如： The girl is eating at the table. 那个女孩正在桌边吃饭。 There are twenty desks in our classroom. 我们教室里有二十张课桌。 23 11.evening, night (1) evening指“傍晚”。如：  (2) night指“夜；夜晚”。如： She doesn't like to walk home late at night.她不喜欢深夜步行回家。 We get together at the gate in the evening.我们傍晚在门口集合。 24 12.interesting, fun (1) interesting指“有吸引力的，有趣的”，常用作形容词。如：  (2)fun指“玩笑，快乐，乐趣”，常用作名词。如： We had a lot of fun at her birthday party. 我们在她的生日聚会上玩得很开心。 The book is interesting. 这本书很有趣。 25 13.work, job (1)work是不可数名词，通常指抽象意义上的工作。如：  (2)job是可数名词，指具体的工作。如： You should clean the bedroom. It's your job.你应该打扫一下卧室。这是你的工作。 I have a lot of work to do today. 今天我有许多工作要做。 26 例题 八、用work或job的适当形式填空。 1. My mother______as an English teacher in No.1 middle school. 2. What a great______you have! You can read many books and magazines for free(免费). 3. You do a good______! Please keep working hard. 4. To be a doctor is good_______for me. 5. Both of my parents are_______in the hospital! They are doctors. works job job work working 27 14.fine, well (1)fine是形容词，指天气好、身体健康和事物的美好。如：  (2)well作形容词时，多指身体的好，只作表语；作副词时，是指某种行为的好。如： He speaks English very well. 他英语说得很好。 It's a fine day today. 今天是个好天气。 28 例题 九、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.Oh, it was fantastic! Lily danced so ________(good)． 2.She's going to be ________(fine). She was always pretty strong. well fine 29 15.wish, hope (1)wish表示“希望，愿望”时，可能是可以实现的，也可能是难以实现的。如：  (2)hope一般侧重于能够实现或有希望实现的愿望，意为“希望”。如： I hope you'll be better. 我希望你能更好。 I wish you happy. 我祝你幸福。 30 16.cup, glass (1)cup指带柄的瓷杯，用来喝茶、咖啡等，如：  (2)glass通常指玻璃杯，一般盛水、牛奶等。如： Would you like a glass of water?你想喝杯水吗？ Please pass me a cup of tea. 请递给我一杯茶。 31 考点② 常见反义词(对应词) 1.名词(n.)  day(白天)—night(黑夜) boy(男孩)—girl(女孩) man(男人)—woman(女人) cock(公鸡)—hen(母鸡) winter(冬天)—summer(夏天)  spring(春天)—autumn/ fall(秋天) Mr.(先生)—Mrs.(夫人) father(父亲)—mother(母亲) uncle(叔叔)—aunt(婶婶) brother(兄；弟)—sister(姐；妹) grandfather(爷爷)—grandmother(奶奶) 32 2.动词(v.) come(来)—go(去) cry(哭)—laugh(笑) open(开)—close(关) start(开始)—stop(停止) borrow(借用)—return(归还) buy(买)—sell(卖) leave(离开)—stay(停留) forget(忘记)—remember(记住) love(爱)—hate(恨) sit(坐)—stand(站) take(拿走)—bring(带来) ask(问)—answer(答) pull(拉)—push(推) find(发现)—lose(丢失) 33 3.副词(adv.) yes(是)—no(不) here(这儿)—there(那儿) always(总是)—never(从不) 4.介词(prep.) in(里)—out(外) up(向上)—down(向下) inside(里面)—outside(外面) over(在······上面)—under(在······下面) above(在······上方)—below(在······下方) after(在······之后)—before(在······以前) 34 5.形容词(adj.) big(大的)—small(小的) black(黑色的)—white(白色的) bad(坏的)—good(好的) beautiful(美丽的)—ugly(丑陋的) busy(忙碌的)—free(空闲的) cold(冷的)—hot(热的) cool(凉爽的)—warm(温暖的) clean(干净的)—dirty(脏的) clever(聪明的)—stupid(笨的) dark(黑暗的)—bright(明亮的) dangerous(危险的)—safe(安全的) east(东方的)—west(西方的) easy(容易的)—difficult(困难的) far(远的)—near(近的) 35 5.形容词(adj.) fast(快的)—slow(慢的) fat(胖的)—thin(瘦的) happy(高兴的)—sad(悲伤的) hard(坚硬的)—soft(柔软的) cheap(便宜的)—expensive(昂贵的) late(晚的)—early(早的) left(左边的)—right(右边的) small(小的)—large(大的) light(轻的)—heavy(重的) long(长的)—short(短的) more(更多的)—less(较少的) new(新的)—old(旧的) 36 5.形容词(adj.) old(老的)—young(年轻的) poor(贫穷的)—rich(富有的) quick(快的)—slow(慢的) quiet(安静的)—noisy(吵闹的) right(对的)—wrong(错的) same(相同的)—different(不同的) strong(强壮的)—weak(虚弱的) tall(高的)—short(矮的) thick(厚的)—thin(薄的) worse(更糟的)—better(更好的) 37 考点③ 常见同音词 hole(洞穴)—whole(全部的) deer(鹿)—dear(亲爱的) right(正确的)—write(写) know(知道)—no(不) sun(太阳)—son(儿子) four(四)—for(为) here(这里)—hear(听见) meat(肉)—meet(见面) father(爸爸)—farther(更远) where(在哪里)—wear(穿；戴) hour(小时)—our(我们的) week(星期)—weak(体弱的) their(他们的)—there(那里) buy(买)—by(表示方式；靠近) pair(双)—pear(梨) too(也)—two(二)—to(到；往) 38 例题 十、按要求完成下列各题。 1. tall(反义词)________ 2. hasn't(完整形式)________ 3. right(同音词)________ 4. girl(对应词)________ short has not write boy 39 主讲老师：Miss 教学完毕谢谢观看 小 升 初 英 语 总 复 习 40 $$