Unit 4 A glimpse of the future Using language 语法 课件-2024-2025学年高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 A glimpse of the future 外研版高中英语选择性必修四 Subject-verb agreement To find and summarise the rules of subject-verb agreement To complete some exercises by using subject-verb agreement artificial /ɑːtɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ adj. 人工的；人造的 artificial intelligence 人工智能的 humanity /hjʊ'mænɪtɪ/ n. 人类 assistant /ə'sɪstənt/ n. 助手 susceptible /sə'septɪb(ə)l/ adj. 易受影响的 victim /'vɪktɪm/ n. 受害者 potentially adv. 潜在地 automation /ɔːtə'meɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 自动化 capacity /kə'pæsɪtɪ/ n. 能力；才能 analyse /'æn(ə)laɪz/ v. 分析 Lead-in learn some new words 一、主谓一致原则 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则： 1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 Defenition 2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。 3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。如either ... or ...; neither ... nor ...; not only ... but also ...等。 二、主谓一致的具体规则 1. 名词作主语 1) 集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。 有些集合名词如cattle, people, police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。 e.g. The team is the best in the league. The team are driving to the game in their own cars. The police are also looking for a second car. 2) 单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式。常见的这类名词有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工厂）等。 e.g. Every possible means has been tried, but none of them worked. All possible means are considered, but none can handle the problem. 3) 当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Two miles is as far as they can walk. Twenty pounds was missing from my pocket. Ten years is a moment in history. 4) “分数或百分数+of+名词” 构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。 e.g. Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. It is said that 35 percent of the doctors in that hospital are women. 2. 代词作主语 1) 由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。 e.g. They have produced two reports and neither contains any useful suggestions. Everyone has their own ideas about the best way to solve this problem. 2) 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 e.g. The old town has small houses that are built close to each other. Mrs Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will be joining us in the spring. 3) all, most, none, some等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容及表达意义来定。 e.g. I invited my five sisters and all have come. We had three cats once but none is alive now. 3. 由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语 1) 用and或both ... and ... 连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、事物或概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。 e.g. Both she and Sophia have agreed to be present. Bread and butter is his favourite food. A poet and artist is coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. 2) 当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to等与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。 e.g. The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party tonight. The bus driver as well as several passengers has survived the accident. 3) 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。 e.g. Neither you nor I am responsible for the whole thing. Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film. 4. 从句及非谓语动词作主语 1) 名词性从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表两个概念时, 谓语动词用复数。另外, what从句作主语时, 谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。 e.g. Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. Where the star will go and what he will do have not been announced to the public. What that kid needs is some love and affection. What the workers need badly are practical skills. 2) 动词-ing形式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 e.g. Using the right hand to shake hands is a tradition in many countries. To stop the work now seems impossible. Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. a ... 50 per cent of my time was spent researching new restaurants. b Every recommendation she gives me is great... c ... almost 50 per cent of US jobs are at risk from automation in the next 20 years. d ... none of us is prepared for the challenges of AI. 1. Why is 50 per cent singular in sentence (a) but plural in sentence (c)? Because in sentence (a), the part “50 per cent” is followed by the uncountable noun “time”, while in sentence (c), the part “50 per cent” is followed by the countable noun “job” in its plural form. 2. What are the subjects in sentences (b) and (d)? Are they singular or plural? In sentence (b), the part “Every recommendation” is the subject. In sentence (d), the part “none of us” is the subject. Both are singular. Now look for more sentences following this rule in the reading passage, and summarise the use of subject-verb agreement in your own words. 用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. A number of employees in the company at present ________ part-time workers. 2. One hundred dollars ________ spent on a new coat yesterday. 3. These two are for you. The rest ________ to be sent to others. 4. Fifty miles ________ not a great distance if you have a car. are was are is 5. Most of the work ________ completed by the disabled man yesterday morning. 6. A large percentage of voters ________ against the proposal now. 7. Skipping meals ________ a bad way to lose weight. 8. The group ________ in a bad mood and they did not want to talk to anyone. 9. Either you or I ________ going to have to take him to the shop. are is were am was Complete the passage by choosing the singular or plural form. Nowadays, some companies offer genetic testing for children’s talents. A large number of clients have / has been attracted to it. They are parents, eager to know what talents their children may have in the future. The process is simple. Every child provide / provides a small sample of blood or body tissue. This is / These are analysed. Each of the children is / are given a report showing their possible talents. A recent example cited on the website is that one of the testing companies compare / compares the talents of twins Bobby and Benny. Bobby was assessed and his talents was / were revealed to be mostly scientific: a 66% chance of success in chemistry and 54% in physics was / were shown. Meanwhile, Benny’s highest score was / were shown to be in an arts subject: the test gave him 68% for literary studies. Is genetic testing reliable? Some scientists say that more evidence is / are needed. Complete the description according to the charts, paying attention to subject-verb agreement. Last week, we asked you to design your ideal planet for people on Earth to live on in the 22nd century. We have received over 500 entries and have been amazed by your imaginations! Here’s one of the designs. Three quarters of the surface is made up of land, while the rest is sea, covering 25% of the surface. Half of the land is covered with trees. Residential area and arable land both account for the same proportion, 20% of the total land. The rest is desert, covering 10% of the total land. There are three kinds of people. Fifty per cent of the people are original residents, 30% are from Earth and 20% are from other planets. Describe another planet for the future, paying attention to subject-verb agreement. Bobby was assessed and his talents were revealed to be mostly scientific… assess v. to make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it 评价，评定 eg The technique is being tried in classrooms to assess what effects it may have. 这种方法正在课堂上试用，以评定其效果。 【归纳】 assess sb. / sth. (as …) 评定……为…… assess sth. (at sth.) 对……估价为…… 【拓展】 assessment n. 评价，估计；估价 assess v. to calculate the value or cost of sth 估价，估计 eg The value of the business was assessed at ￡1.25 million. 该企业估价 125 万英镑。 Modify your description about another planet for the future. Preview the next part: The world of tomorrow. Thank you $$