Module 4 Unit 1 知识点总结与练习 2024-2025学年外研版（2012）八年级英语下册

Module 4-Unit 1 知识点总结与练习 外研版英语八年级下册 一、重点词汇 （一）基础词汇 1. fever n. 发烧（短语 have a fever 发烧） 1. cough n. & v. 咳嗽（短语 have a cough 咳嗽） 1. cold n. 感冒（短语 catch a cold 感冒） 1. illness n. 疾病（形容词 ill 生病的） 1. health n. 健康（形容词 healthy 健康的，反义词 unhealthy） 1. exercise n. & v. 锻炼；练习（短语 take exercise 锻炼） 1. since prep. & conj. 自从（后接时间点或从句） 1. yet adv. 还；仍（用于否定句/疑问句，句末） 1. catch v. 抓住；感染（过去式/过去分词 caught） 1. headache n. 头痛（短语 have a headache 头痛） 1. stomach ache n. 胃痛（合成词，可写为 stomachache） 1. ache n. 疼痛（常与身体部位连用，如 toothache 牙痛） 1. well adj. & adv. 健康的；好（形容词仅指身体好，副词表程度） 1. allow v. 允许（短语 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事） 1. pet n. 宠物 1. member n. 成员（短语 family member 家庭成员） 1. join v. 参加；加入（短语 join a club 加入俱乐部） 1. condition n. 状况；条件（短语 in good condition 状态良好） 1. daily adj. & adv. 每日的；每天（短语 daily exercise 日常锻炼） 1. weak adj. 虚弱的（反义词 strong 强壮的） （二）拓展词汇 1. illness（名词，疾病）→ ill（形容词，生病的）→ illnesses（复数，多种疾病） 1. health（名词，健康）→ healthy（形容词，健康的）→ healthily（副词，健康地） 1. exercise（名词/动词，锻炼）→ exerciser（名词，锻炼者）→ exercising（动名词，锻炼） 1. allow（动词，允许）→ allowance（名词，津贴）→ allowed（过去分词，允许的） 1. weak（形容词，虚弱的）→ weaken（动词，使虚弱）→ weakness（名词，弱点） 二、短语归纳 1. 疾病与症状 have a fever 发烧 catch a cold 感冒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a headache 头痛 stomach ache 胃痛 1. 健康与锻炼 take exercise 锻炼 do exercise 做运动 in good health 身体健康 daily exercise 日常锻炼 1. 时间与状态 since then 从那时起 ever since 自从 so far 到目前为止 in good condition 状态良好 1. 建议与允许 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 join a club 加入俱乐部 family member 家庭成员 give advice 给出建议 三、词义辨析 （一）ill vs sick 区别 ill（只作表语） sick（可作表语/定语） 用法 指生病的（主语为人） 可指生病的或恶心的 例句 He is ill in bed.（他卧病在床。） She is a sick girl.（她是个生病的女孩。） I feel sick.（我觉得恶心。） （二）since vs for 区别 since（接时间点） for（接时间段） 例句 I haven’t exercised since last month.（我从上个月起没锻炼。） She has been ill for three days.（她病了三天了。） （三）take vs bring 区别 take（带走，从近到远） bring（带来，从远到近） 例句 Take your medicine three times a day.（每天吃三次药。） Bring your sports shoes to school.（带运动鞋来学校。） 四、重点句型 1. 询问病情与回答 —What’s wrong with you?（你怎么了？） —I have a fever and a bad cough.（我发烧且咳嗽厉害。） —How long have you been like this?（你这样多久了？） —Since Friday.（从周五开始。） 1. 现在完成时表达 I haven’t done much exercise since I got my computer.（自从有了电脑，我就没怎么锻炼。） She has caught a cold and feels weak.（她感冒了，感觉虚弱。） 1. 建议与允许 The doctor advised me to take more exercise.（医生建议我多锻炼。） My parents allow me to play sports for an hour daily.（父母允许我每天运动一小时。） 五、语法聚焦 （一）现在完成时（since与for的用法） 结构： 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + since + 时间点 / for + 时间段 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词 + yet 例句： He has lived here since 2020.（他从2020年起住这里。） They haven’t exercised for a week.（他们一周没锻炼了。） 注意： since后接具体时间（如 yesterday, last month）或从句（一般过去时）。 for后接时长（如 three days, two weeks）。 （二）感官动词（feel, look, sound等） 用法：感官动词作系动词，后接形容词作表语。 例：You look pale. Are you ill?（你脸色苍白，病了吗？） The advice sounds good.（这个建议听起来不错。） （三）提建议句型 Why don’t you...? = Why not...?（你为什么不……？） 例：Why don’t you join the sports club?（你为什么不加入运动俱乐部？） You should...（你应该……） 例：You should drink more water and rest well.（你应该多喝水，好好休息。） 练习题 （一）词汇填空（根据首字母或汉语提示写单词） 1. I have a h______ and need to lie down. 1. She caught a c______ and coughed all night. 1. Eating vegetables keeps us h______. 1. I haven’t exercised s______ I started working. 1. The doctor asked me to take the m______ three times a day. （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 1. He has been ______ (illness) for a week and can’t go to school. 1. Taking daily ______ (exercise) is good for our health. 1. My parents ______ (allow) me to watch TV for an hour every day. 1. She looks ______ (weakly) because she doesn’t eat enough. 1. We should eat ______ (health) food to stay fit. （三）单项选择（10题） 1. —What’s wrong with you? —I have ______ fever and ______ bad cough. A. a; a B. a; / C. /; a D. /; / 1. She hasn’t taken exercise ______ last month. A. for B. since C. in D. at 1. The doctor advised him ______ more water and rest. A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drank 1. —How long have you been like this? —______ two days ago. A. For B. Since C. From D. In 1. He feels ______ because he hasn’t slept well. A. weak B. weakly C. illness D. sickness 1. My sister joined the swimming club to take more ______. A. exercise B. exercises C. health D. healthy 1. It’s important to stay in good ______ through exercise. A. condition B. illness C. member D. pet 1. —Have you seen the doctor yet? —No, I ______ haven’t. A. already B. yet C. still D. ever 1. The teacher allows us ______ music in the classroom. A. listen to B. to listen to C. listening to D. listened to 1. She caught a cold ______ she didn’t wear warm clothes. A. so B. because C. but D. or （四）句型转换 1. I have a stomach ache.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ with you? 1. He has been ill for three days.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has he been ill? 1. The doctor advised me to exercise daily.（改为同义句） The doctor said, “______ ______ exercise daily.” 1. She hasn’t caught a cold since last year.（改为肯定句） She ______ ______ a cold since last year. 1. I feel weak because I don’t exercise.（改为同义句） I don’t exercise, ______ I feel weak. （五）阅读理解 Mike hasn’t felt well recently. He has a bad cough and sometimes a fever. He went to see the doctor, who asked, “How long have you been like this?” Mike said, “Since Monday.” The doctor checked him and said, “You’ve caught a cold. You need to take medicine and rest. Why don’t you take some exercise? It can help you get better faster.” Mike realized he hadn’t exercised since he started playing video games two months ago. He decided to join the school sports club and take exercise daily. Now he feels much better and understands the importance of staying healthy. 1. What’s wrong with Mike? A. He has a toothache. B. He has a cold and cough. C. He has a stomach ache. D. He has a headache. 1. How long has Mike been ill? A. Since Monday. B. For two months. C. Since last year. D. For three days. 1. What did the doctor advise Mike to do? A. Play video games. B. Take exercise. C. Join a music club. D. Stay in bed. 1. Why did Mike feel unwell? A. He didn’t sleep enough. B. He didn’t exercise. C. He ate unhealthy food. D. He worked too hard. （六）书面表达 假设你是大明，你的朋友小李感冒发烧了。请你写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表达关心，询问病情； 1. 建议他看医生、休息、多喝水； 1. 提醒他病愈后多锻炼，保持健康。 提示重点短语： · catch a cold · see a doctor · take exercise · stay healthy 要求：60-80词，格式正确，语言通顺。 答案及解析 （一）词汇填空 1. 【答案】headache 【解析】“头痛”，have a headache，填headache。 1. 【答案】cold 【解析】“感冒”，catch a cold，填cold。 1. 【答案】healthy 【解析】“保持健康”，keep healthy，填healthy。 1. 【答案】since 【解析】“自从开始工作”，since接时间点，填since。 1. 【答案】medicine 【解析】“吃药”，take the medicine，填medicine。 （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 1. 【答案】ill 【解析】be动词后接形容词ill（生病的），illness为名词。 1. 【答案】exercise 【解析】“日常锻炼”，exercise作不可数名词，用原形。 1. 【答案】allow 【解析】主语parents复数，一般现在时动词用原形allow。 1. 【答案】weak 【解析】look为感官动词，后接形容词weak（虚弱的），weakly为副词。 1. 【答案】healthy 【解析】修饰名词food用形容词healthy（健康的），health为名词。 （三）单项选择 1. 【答案】A 【解析】have a fever（发烧）和have a cough（咳嗽）均为固定搭配，故选A。 1. 【答案】B 【解析】last month为时间点，用since，故选B。 1. 【答案】B 【解析】advise sb. to do sth. 固定搭配，故选B。 1. 【答案】B 【解析】two days ago为时间点，用Since，故选B。 1. 【答案】A 【解析】feel为感官动词，后接形容词weak，故选A。 1. 【答案】A 【解析】take exercise（锻炼）为不可数名词，用原形，故选A。 1. 【答案】A 【解析】in good condition（状态良好）固定短语，故选A。 1. 【答案】C 【解析】“仍然没”用still，yet用于句末表“还未”，故选C。 1. 【答案】B 【解析】allow sb. to do sth. 固定搭配，故选B。 1. 【答案】B 【解析】“因为没穿暖和衣服”，表原因用because，故选B。 （四）句型转换 1. 【答案】What’s wrong 【解析】对病情提问用What’s wrong with you?，填What’s wrong。 1. 【答案】How long 【解析】对for three days提问用How long（多久），填How long。 1. 【答案】You should 【解析】advise sb. to do sth. 转换为直接引语用You should，填You should。 1. 【答案】has had 【解析】否定句改肯定句，catch为非延续性动词，此处需转换为have a cold，填has had。 1. 【答案】so 【解析】因果关系用so连接，填so。 （五）阅读理解 1. 【答案】B 【解析】第一段“He has a bad cough and sometimes a fever”，故选B。 1. 【答案】A 【解析】第一段“Since Monday”，故选A。 1. 【答案】B 【解析】医生建议“Why don’t you take some exercise?”，故选B。 1. 【答案】B 【解析】第二段“hadn’t exercised since he started playing video games”，故选B。 （六）书面表达（略） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$