Unit 5-Unit 8 期末复习课件 2024-2025学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 6 Sunshine for all 复习 1. the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 2. some more 再来一点,再多一些 3. provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 4. come true 实现 5. be similar to 与……相似 6. be born with 生来具有…… 7. because of 由于 8. hear of 听说 9. be different from 和··…不同(反义短语: be the same as ) 一、短语归纳 10. in North-west China 在中国西北地区 11. at/on the weekend 在周末 12. in this way 用这种方式 13. be made up of 由……组成 14. according to 根据 15. lead to 导致 16. as soon as possible 尽可能快地 17. lose one's life 失去生命,丧生 18. give a helping hand 伸出援助之手 19.write to sb. 给某人写信 20. give sb. a chance to do/of doing sth. 给某人做某事的机会 21. show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth. 给某人看某物 22. win a gold 赢得金牌 23. be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事 24. in public places 在公众场合 25. teach sb.sth. 教某人某事 26. not... but... 不是……,而是…… 27. try one's best 尽力 28. take part( in ) 参加 29. achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想 30. get paid 获得酬劳 31. give a seat to sb. 给某人让座 32. make sure 确保 33. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 34. drop litter everywhere 到处丢垃圾 35. keep in touch 保持联系 36. improve one’s life 提高某人的生活水平 37. in need 处于需要的状态 38. be ill in hospital 生病住院 39. ask for help 求助 40. get well again 恢复健康 二、用法集萃 1.feel like+n./doing sth. 想要某物/做某事，感觉像某物/做某事 2. expect ( sb.)to do sth.期待/指望/预料(某人)做某事 want( sb.)to do sth 想(让某人)做某事 3. give up (doing) sth.放弃(做)某事 4.get to do sth. 有机会做某事 offer to do sth. 主动做某事 5.make sb.do sth. 使某人做某事 make sb.+形容词 使某人处于……状态 make oneself+过去分词 使某人自己被…… 6. need to do sth. 需要做某事 need doing... 需要被…… 7. ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 8. take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事 9. have trouble ( in ) doing sth. 做某事费力 10. such a/an + adj.+n. 如此……的…… 11. It's +形容词 +for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。 It's+形容词 +of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是……的。 12. That's why +从句. 那是……的原因。 13.What...for? 为什么……? 三、词形变化 meaning(n.意义)+ -ful(形容词后缀)→meaningful(adj.有意义的) dis-(否定前缀)+ abled(adj.体格健全的)→disabled(adj.残疾的) elder( n.年长者)+-ly(形容词后缀)→elderly ( adj.年老的) home(n.家)+-less(形容词后缀)→homeless(adj.无家可归的) intellect(n.智力)+-ual(形容词后缀)→intellectual( adj.智力的) dis-(否定前缀)+ability(n.能力)→disability(n.缺陷,障碍) train(v.培训)+-ing(名词后缀)→training(n.培训,训练) close( adj. 密切的)+-ly(副词后缀)→closely ( adv.密切地) organize(v组织)去e+-ation(名词后缀)→organization(n.机构,组织) introduce( v.介绍)去e+-tion(名词后缀)→introduction(n.引言;介绍) operate(v.动手术)去e+-ion(名词后缀)→operation(n.手术) survive( v.幸存)去e+-or(名词后缀)→survivor(n.幸存者) 四、常考句型 1. It's+adj.+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说，做某事是……的。 It was necessary for these volunteers to receive training before doing the tasks.对这些志愿者来说，在做工作之前接受培训是有必要的。 2. lt is+adj.+of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是……的。 It was very brave of him to join the competition.他很有勇气来参加这项比赛。 3.That's why...那就是……的原因。 Maybe that's why this event is so different from other usual games!或许那就是这项比赛与其他平常运动会如此不同的原因! 4.What... for?为什么……? What are the Special Olympics World Games for?为什么举办特奥会? It is+形容词( + for.../of... )+动词不定式 1.It is+形容词+动词不定式 动词不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,常常 用it作形式主语(it无词义),而把真正的主语即动词不定式后置。 To learn English well is not easy.= It is not easy to learn English well.学好英语并不容易。 2.It is +形容词 + for sb.+动词不定式 若要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可在动词不定式前加for sb.,其中 sb.与不定式之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。此句型中的形容词与事物的特征有关,表示客观情况。常见的这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, important, dangerous , possible, interesting等。 It's necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day.对学生们来说一天做两次眼保健操是有必要的。 五、语法 3.It is +形容词+of sb.+动词不定式 该句型中的形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong,clever, polite , rude, foolish, careless, careful 等描述人的性格、品质的。 It's very nice of you to help me.你能帮助我,你真好。 拓展 It is+形容词+ that 从句. 在这个句型中,it是形式主语,代替that引导的从句。此句型可以改为含that 引导的主语从句的复合句。 It is meaningful that we donate money to charities. = That we donate money to charities is meaningful. 我们把钱捐给慈善组织是很有意义的。 Amy often donates money to charities. She is helpful. (保持句意基本不变） It is________ _________Amy to donate money to charities. helpful of 五、语法练习 1. It's nice of you________me with my Maths. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 2. It's very friendly_______him to help me when I'm in trouble. A. for B.to C.of D. with 3.---What do you think of tomorrow's football match? ---________difficult for us _________the match. A. We're;to win B. We're; winning C. It's;to win D.It's;winning 五、语法练习 C C C 4. It is________for students to learn English well. A. impolite B. important C.kind D.meaning 5.__________is easy for you to get lost in the forest. A.It B.This C.That D.What's B A 六、写作 假如你是第四中学八年级(一)班的班长,你们班的李明同学需要帮助。他的父亲患病住院,治病要花费很多钱。他的父母是农民,没有足够的钱治病。请你以班长的名义写一份80词左右的倡议书,倡议大家伸出援助之手,帮他渡过难关。 Dear all, A Grade 8 student at No.4 Middle School needs our help! The student’s name is Li Ming. His father has been ill in hospital since last month. The doctor says that his illness is very serious. He needs an operation, but it costs too much. Li Ming’s parents are farmers. They do not have enough money for such an operation. But his father should have the operation as soon as possible. I am writing to ask for your help. Please donate money.If all of us can give a helping hand, his father may get well again soon. Thank you for your help! Yours, Monitor of Class 1, Grade 8 $$Unit8 A green world 复习 一、短语归纳 1.be good for 对......有好处 2.turn off 关上（开关)(反义短语：turn on 打开） 3. take shorter showers 缩短淋浴时间 4. protect the environment 保护环境 5. live a green life 过环保的生活 6. make a difference ( to sb./sth.) (对......)有影响,起作用 7. provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 8. such as/for example 比如,诸如 9. separate...into... 把……分成…… 10. all over the country 全国各地 11. cut down 砍倒 12. depend on/upon 依靠;取决于 13. new types of 新型的 14.run out 用完,耗尽 15. set up 建立 16. so that 以便,为了;因此,所以 17. sound like 听起来像 18. less than 少于 (反义短语:more than多于) 19. throw...into 把……扔进 20. be filled with = be full of 充满;被装满 21. as well as 也;还;除……之外(也) 22. clean up 打扫;清扫 23. think about 思考;考虑 24. brush one's teeth 刷牙 25. not only... but ( also )... 不但……而且· 26. thousands of/millions of 数以千计的/数以百万计的 27. throw away 扔掉;浪费 28. change for the worse 变得更糟糕;恶化(反义短语:change for the better 好转,变得更好) 29. in order to 为了 30. send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物寄/送给某人 31. living things 生物 32. in place 在正确位置 33. in use 在使用中 34. reduce air pollution 减少空气污染 35. ride bicycles 骑自行车 36. run out of = use up 用完 37.do with 处理,解决 38. try one's best 尽某人全力 39. be harmful to = do harm to 对.….…有害 40. in a public place 在公共场合 41. do/make a survey 作调查 42. as a result 因此,结果 43. take action 采取行动 44. do more exercise 多锻炼 45. go green 变得环保 二、用法集萃 1. remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 2.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 3. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 4. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 5. keep sb./sth.+形容词 使某人/某物处于某种状态 6. start doing/to do sth. 开始做某事 7. like doing/to do sth. 喜欢做某事 8. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 9. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 10. try to do sth. 努力做某事 11. one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一 12. have a chance to do sth. 有机会做某事 13. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说，做某事是……的。 14. Some... , some..., and others... 一些……一些……,还有一些…… 15.There will be/There is going to be/There are going to be... 将有…… 16.Here be +名词. 这儿有…… 17. It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时候了。 wise( adj.明智的)+-ly(副词后缀)→wisely ( adv.明智地) recycle(v.回收利用)去e+-ing(名词后缀)→recycling(n.回收利用) punish( v.处罚,惩罚)+-ment(名词后缀)→punishment(n.处罚,惩罚) different( adj.不同的)→ difference(n.差异，不同) pollute(v.污染)去e+-ion(名词后缀)→pollution(n.污染) harm(v.伤害)+-ful(形容词后缀)→harmful(adj.有害的) careless(adj.粗心)+-ly(副词后缀)→carelessly (adv.粗心地) simple( adj.简单的)去e+-(l)y(副词后缀)→ simply(adv.仅仅) power(n.力量)+-ful(形容词后缀)→powerful( adj. 强有力的) 三、 词形变化 四、常考句型 1. Some...,some..., and others...一些……，一些……,还有一些…… Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops, some are given to the poor, and others are sent to factories for recycling.一些衣服放在慈善商店出售,一些送给穷人,还有一些送到工厂回收利用。 2.一般将来时的被动语态 If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined by the police.我们如果在公共场合丢垃圾,会被警察罚款。 3. There is/are going to be+ 名词+... 将有…… There's going to bean environment show here.这儿将举行一场环境展览。 4. Here is/are... 这是….. Here are the results of the survey.这是调查结果。 五、语法---一般将来时的被动语态 1.一般将来时的被动语态的用法: 表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。 This work will/is going to be done at once.这项工作将立即被做。 The new film will be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。 助记 一般将来时变被动语态 将来时,变被动,will be后“过分”用。宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。其他形式如“打算”,be going to 最常见。否定、疑问句子中,will或be灵活变。 2.一般将来时的被动语态的基本结构: (1)肯定式:will/be going to be +及物动词的过去分词。 Apple trees will be planted tomorrow.苹果树要在明天种。 These trees are going to be cut down.这些树将要被砍倒。 (2)否定式:will not/be not going to be +及物动词的过去分词。 The meeting won't be held tomorrow.明天不举行会议。 The problem isn't going to be discussed in the meeting tomorrow.这个问题在明天的会议上不会被讨论。 (3)一般疑问句及其回答:含 will的句子,把 will 提前;含be going to的句子,把 be提前。回答用yes 或no。 一Will the work be finished in two hours?这项工作会在两个小时后完成吗? 一Yes, it will. 对,会的。 一Are these trees going to be cut down?这些树将被砍倒吗? 一Yes, they are. 对,是的。 注意“shall be+及物动词的过去分词”也可表示一般将来时的被动语态,但只用于第一人称，will可用于所有人称。 (2023·天津中考) Some photos of the moon________in the Space Club next week. A. shows B. is showing C. were shown D. will be shown D 1.(2023·江苏连云港中考)To make the environment much better, more trees _________next year. A.plant B.will plant C.are planted D.will be planted 2.-A party is going to _________tonight.Would you like to go with me? -I'd like to, but I have to look after my sick mother. A.hold B. has been held C.be held D.be hold 3. His paintings_________ the town hall next Friday. A. will be shown B.showed C. show D. have shown D C A 4. The problem_______in the coming meeting. A.is discussed B.is discussing C. is being discussed D. will be discussed 5. The work_______soon. A. will be finished B. has been finished C. will finish D. finishes D A 环境保护是当今生活中人类面临的重要问题。你所在学校公众号的英语习作栏目正在开展“环境保护”的征文活动。请你写一篇文章,说明环境保护的重要性,人们在生活中节约能源的具体做法、感想及环保的意义。 要求:1.信息完整,语言条理清晰; 2.不少于80词。 六、写作 Good environment can make people feel happy and healthy. The earth is the only place we can live. So it is quite important for us to protect our environment. Then what can we do to protect the environment? First, we can turn off the lights when we are not using them. Second,recycle the waste water , paper and other things so that we can save resources. Third,we should ride bikes more often instead of driving cars. By riding a bike, we can not only exercise our body but also protect our environment. Why not have a try? It's our duty to protect the environment. If we all protect the environment, we can make the world more and more beautiful. $$Unit7 International charities 复习 1. pocket money 零花钱 2. medical treatment 医学治疗 3. do operations on=operate on 给.....做手术 4. a training centre 培训中心 5. on board 在飞机(船、火车)上 6. carry on with sth. 继续做某事 7. hand out = give out 分发;发出(反义短语: hand in ) 8.set up 创建,建立 一、短语归纳 9. with one's help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下(反义短语:without one's help ) 10. instead of 代替,而不是 11. not...at all 一点儿也不;根本不 12. provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 13. around the world = all over the world 全世界 14. be used as... 被用作…… 15. millions of 数以百万计的 16. improve one’s life 改善某人的生活 17. modern medicine 现代医学 18.pay for 为.…付钱 19.in hospital 生病住院 20.because of 因为 21. basic education 基础教育 22. have a check 检查 23. attend courses 上课,参加课程辅导 24.tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 25. go to hospital 去看病 26. take out 拿出 27.help...with... 在……方面帮助…… 28. take the medicine 服药 29.all day 整天 30. the spread of... ……的扩散/传播 1. can't afford to do sth. 承担不起做某事 2. be proud to do sth. 以做某事而自豪 3. be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 4. make up one's mind to do sth. = decide to do sth.决定做某事 5. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 6. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 二、用法集萃 7. have to do sth. 不得不做某事 8. be glad to do sth. 很高兴做某事 be able to do sth. 能做某事 9.hope to do sth. 希望做某事 would like/want to do sth. 想做某事 10. try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 11. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. +地点名词 邀请某人到某地 12. use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 13. help sb. ( to )do sth. 帮助某人做某事 14. keep doing sth. 一直做某事 15. prevent sb. ( from ) doing sth.= stop sb. ( from ) doing sth. = keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 16. too + adj. /adv. + to do sth.太……而不能做某事 17. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说,做某事是……的。 18. It is time for +名词 该做……了。/……的时间到了。 19.What's the matter ( with sb.)? (某人)怎么了? 三、词形变化 especial(adj.特别的)+-ly(副词后缀)→especially(adv.特别) base(v.以……为基础)去 e +-ic(形容词后缀)→basic( adj.基本的) educate(v. 教育)去e+-ion(名词后缀)→education(n.教育) equal( adj.平等的)+-ly(副词后缀)→ equally( adv.平等地) interview( v.采访)+-er(名词后缀)→interviewer(n.采访者) blind( adj.失明的)+-ness(名词后缀)→blindness(n.失明) most( adj.大多数的)+-ly(副词后缀)→mostly(adv.大部分地) treat( v.治疗)+-ment(名词后缀)→treatment(n.治疗) operate( v. 做手术)去e+-ion(名词后缀)→operation(n.手术) read(v.阅读)+-er(名词后缀)→reader(n.读者) medicine(n.医学;药)去 ine +-al(形容词后缀)→medical(adj.医疗的) develop( v. 发展)+-ment(名词后缀)→development(n.发展) organize(v.组织)去e+-ation(名词后缀)→organization(n.组织) India(n.印度)→Indian[adj.印度(人)的] 四、常考句型 1. too + adj.ladv. + to do sth.太……而不能…… I'm too weak to walk any further.我太虚弱,走不动了。 2. Sb. can't afford to do sth.某人承担不起做某事。 Many of our patients can't afford to go to hospital...我们的许多病人承担不起看病的费用…… 3. Sb. be invited to do sth.某人被邀请做某事。 Also, local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations.当地的医生和护士也被邀请到飞机上学习有关眼部手术的知识。 4.What's the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了? What's the matter? 怎么了? 5. not... at all 一点也不,根本不 I could not sleep at all that night because I was so excited. 因为我很兴奋,所以那天晚上我根本没睡着。 五、语法---一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 1.被动语态的定义 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 2.被动语态的结构 被动语态的谓语是由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的,be的形式要根据时态及主语的人称来判断。 (1)一般现在时 ①肯定句 主语(动作的承受者)+ am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词( + by sb.)+其他. English is taught by him.英语是他教的。 ②否定句 主语(动作的承受者)+am/is/are+ not+及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.)+其他. English isn't taught by him.英语不是他教的。 ③一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are+主语(动作的承受者)+及物动词的过去分词( + by sb.)+其他? Is English taught by him?英语是他教的吗? ④特殊疑问句 疑问词+am/is/are+主语(动作的承受者)+及物动词的过去分词(+ by sb.)+其他? When is English taught by him?他什么时候教英语? (2)一般过去时 ①肯定句 主语(动作的承受者)+was/were +及物动词的过去分词( +by sb.)+其他. The bridge was built in 2009.这座桥是在2009 年建成的。 ②否定句 主语(动作的承受者)+was/were + not +及物动词的过去分词( + by sb.)+其他. The bridge wasn't built in 2009.这座桥不是在2009 年建成的。 ③一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语(动作的承受者)+及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.)+其他? Was the bridge built in 2009?这座桥是在2009年建成的吗? ④特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语(动作的承受者)+及物动词的过去分词(+ by sb.)+其他? When was the bridge built?这座桥是什么时候建成的? 注意： 在被动语态的特殊疑问句中,若疑问词在句中作主语,则用句式: 疑问词+ be动词+及物动词的过去分词(+by sb.)+其他? 3.被动语态的用法 (1)动作的执行者显而易见。 English is taught in schools in China.在中国,学校里教英语 (2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者时用被动语态。 These children are helped every year.这些孩子每年都受到帮助。 (3)动作的承受者比动作的执行者更重要。如果在谈话时动作的承受者和执行者同时出现,通常用by引出动作的执行者。 The book was taken away by the boy.这本书是被这个男孩拿走的 4.不及物动词和连系动词没有被动语态 It rained heavily last night.昨天晚上雨下得很大。 The accident happened on a cold winter morning. 这起事故发生在一个寒冷的冬天的早上 The woman looks very young. 这位女士看上去很年轻。 5.两种特殊情况 (1)如果主动句中有两个宾语(直接宾语 和间接宾语),可以把其中一个变为被动句的主语。若直接宾语(表示物的宾语)作被动句的主语,则在被动句中,原间接宾语(表示人的宾语)前要加介词to或for。 主动语态:He passed me a book. 他递给我一本书。 被动语态: A book was passed to me by him. (原直宾) (原间宾) I was passed a book by him. (原间宾) (原直宾) (2)在主动语态中,make , hear , see , watch , notice 等感官动词和使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,但在被动语态中要加上to。 主动语态:The teacher often makes us read English stories. 老师经常让我们读英语故事。 被动语态:We are often made to read English stories by the teacher. (1)(2023·江苏扬州中考)Sand turns to glass when it by______ lightning. A. hits B. is hit C. is hitting D. will be hit B (2)(2023·安徽中考)Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they_______into schools. A. introduce B. introduced C. are introduced D. were introduced D 六、语法练习 1.(2022·江苏扬州中考)一I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday. 一Yes,it______by our school green club to protect forests. A. organizes B.organized C.was organized D. will be organized 2.Many trees ______every year. A. plant B.plants C.are planted D.were planted C C 3.(2021·江苏苏州中考)Now teenagers____________ to do voluntary work for their local communities. A. are encouraged B.were encouraged C. have encouraged D. are encouraging ⅡI.将下列句子改为被动语态 1. I saw him enter the room. ________________________________________________ 2. He helps many poor children every year. ________________________________________________ A He was seen to enter the room (by me). Many poor children are helped by him every year. 七、写作 　假设你是李华,你在某英文网站上看到一则招募中国志愿者的广告。请根据该广告中所提供的志愿者项目,结合自己的实际情况,给项目负责人写一封电子邮件,表达你希望参加这个项目的愿望,并阐述理由。 七、写作 Place: A small village in the west of China Activities: ●set up a small library ●give Chinese lessons ●play games with children ●… 注意:1.邮件中必须包括招募广告中的信息,可适当发挥; 2.文中不得出现与本人身份相关的信息; 3.词数80左右,邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Sir/Madam, 　　I’m Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I want to be a volunteer. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　　Looking forward to your early reply! Yours, Li Hua One possible version: Dear Sir/Madam, I’m Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I want to be a volunteer. I’m willing to go to a small village in the west of China. The reasons are as follows. First, as reading is my hobby, I own many books. I can give some of them away and help set up a small library for the school. Second, I do well in both Chinese and English, so I can give Chinese lessons and let the children know more about the Chinese culture. I also like playing games with the children, which is helpful to develop a close friendship with them. All in all, the project will provide me with chances not only to help people in need but also to experience the country life. I really hope to be a member of your project. And I’m sure I’m the right person you’re looking for. Looking forward to your early reply! Yours, Li Hua $$Unit5 Good manners 复习 1. good manners 良好的礼仪 2. share with 与.…分享 3. keep quiet 保持安静 4. push in〈英>插队,加塞=〈美)cut in 5. bump into 撞上;偶然碰见 6. excuse me 劳驾 7. as well ( as ) 也,还有 8. all the time 一直 9. take photos 拍照 10. soon after 不久以后 一、短语归纳 11. be tired out 筋疲力尽 12. in fact 事实上 13. at one time 曾经,一度 14. make sure 务必,确信 15. in need 需要 16. pick flowers 摘花 17. wait for 等候 18. take place 发生 19. be good at 擅长…… 20. make noise 发出响声 21. learn about 了解 22. come true 实现 23. cut in ( on sb./sth.) 打断(谈话),插嘴 24. shake sb.’s hand 与某人握手 25. in public 公开地,在别人面前 26. in one's way 挡住某人的路 27. by accident 偶然,意外地 28. express oneself 表达自己的想法/意思 29. be busy with sth. 忙于某事 30. above all 首先,首要的是 31. drop litter everywhere 到处丢垃圾 32. obey traffic rules 遵守交通规则 33. for the first time 首次;第一次 34. say hello to sb. 向某人问好 35. on one's own 单独,独自 36. sth. happens to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 37. queue for one’s turn 排队等着轮到某人 38. be helpful to sb. 对某人有帮助 39. write down 写下,记下 40. in one's life 在某人的一生中 41. not...until... 直到……才…… 42. both...and... …… 和……都…… 43. greet sb. with a kiss 用亲吻的方式和某人打招呼 44. hold a talk on... 举办关于……的报告 1. practice doing sth. 练习做某事 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 一直做某事 2.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 3. invite sb. to+名词 邀请某人去…… invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 4.adj. + enough to do sth. 足够……可以做某事 5. too + adj./adv. + to do sth. 太……而不能做某事 6. keep sb. from ( doing )sth. 使某人免受….…;阻止某人(做)某事 7. warn sb. ( not ) to do sth. 警告某人(不)要做某事 二、用法集萃 8. No +v. -ing 禁止做某事 No +n. 禁止做某事 9.seem + adj. 似乎…… seem to do sth. 似乎做某事 10. in order ( not )to do sth.为了(不)做某事 11. try ( not )to do sth. 努力(不)做某事 12.find +某人/某物+adj. 觉得某人/某物…… 13.It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是……的。 14.It says... 上面写着…… 三、词形变化 polite( adj.有礼貌的)+-ly(副词后缀)→politely( adv.礼貌地) proper( adj.正确的)+-ly(副词后缀)→properly(adv.正确地) greet( vt.问候)+-ing(名词后缀)→greeting(n.打招呼) behave( vi. & vt. 表现 )去 e+-iour(名词后缀)→behaviour(n.行为举止) loud( adj. 大声的)+-ly(副词后缀)→loudly ( adv.大声地) say(v.说)+-ing(名词后缀)→saying(n.谚语) discuss( v.讨论)+-ion(名词后缀)→discussion(n.讨论) park(v.停车)+-ing(名词后缀)→parking(n.停车) successful( adj. 成功的)+-ly(副词后缀)→successfully(adv.成功地) im-(否定前缀)+ polite( adj.有礼貌的)→impolite(adj.不礼貌的) 四、常考句型 1.主语 + be +adj. + enough to do sth. 某人/某物足够……能做某事。 You're old enough to learn about manners now , Hobo.霍波,你现在够大了,可以学习礼仪了。 2. lt's + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……的。 They think it's rude to push in before others.他们认为在别人前面插队是粗鲁无礼的。 3.No +v.-ing 禁止做…… No littering 禁止乱扔垃圾 五、语法 enough to 与 too...to的用法 1.“形容词或副词+enough( for sb. ) to do sth.”结构的意思是“(对某人来说)足够……可以做某事”。 The boy is old enough to go to school.这个男孩年龄足够大了,可以去上学了。 The hall is big enough to hold 100 persons.这个大厅足够大,可以容纳100人。 拓展 enough to结构和so...that...结构可以转换。含有enough to结构的句子是简单句,而含有so...that...结构的句子是复合句。 The young man is strong enough to carry that heavy box.这个年轻人足够强壮,可以搬动那个重箱子。 The young man is so strong that he can carry that heavy box.这个年轻人是如此强壮,以至于他能搬动那个重箱子。 2. too...to...结构的意思是“太……而不能……”,表达一个否定的结果。其中 too 的后面加形容词或副词。 He was too sad to say anything when he heard the bad news.当他听到这个坏消息时,他太伤心了,什么也说不出来。 拓展① too...to...结构可与so...that...结构进行同义转换。但注意too...to...结构是简单句;而so...that...结构的句子是复合句。 My younger brother is too young to look after himself. 我弟弟太小了而不能照顾自己。 My younger brother is so young that he can't look after himself. 我弟弟如此小以至于不能照顾自己。 ② too...to... 结构还可以与enough to结构进行同义转换。当与enough to结构进行同义转换时,形容词或副词要作相应的变化,即:enough前的形容词或副词与too 后的形容词或副词互为反义词,同时应该改成not...enough to... 的形式。 He is too young to work. = He is not old enough to work.他太小了,还不能工作。 3.在 too...to... 和 enough to结构中,如果主语和动词不定式构成动宾关系,则动词不定式所在动词后不能重复用代词。 The problem is too hard for the girl to work out.(V) The problem is too hard for the girl to work it out.(x) 这道题太难了,这个女孩算不出来。 The goldfish are easy enough to look after.(V) The goldfish are easy enough to look after them.(x) 金鱼很容易照顾。 合并为一句 The students in our school are polite. They never push in before others. The students in our school are_________polite_____ push in before others. too to 五、语法练习 1.The boy was too busy________his father last term. A.to hear from B. to write to C.hearing from D.write to 2.He walked______fast for us______catch up with. A.so;that B.such;that C.enough;to D.too;to 3. The box is too heavy_________. Can you help him? A. for him to carry B. for him to carry it C. for her to carry D. for her carry it B D A 4. The light in the room wasn't ________for me to read. A. brightly enough B. enough brightly C. enough bright D.bright enough 5. I find it________to work out this problem.You needn't go to the teacher. A. enough easy B. enough easily C. easy enough D.easily enough D C 四、写作练习 Tony是你的一个美国朋友,他在给你的一封电子邮件中说他被邀请到一个中国家庭做客。这是他初次到中国,不太懂中国的餐桌礼仪,于是向你咨询。你要给他提出什么建议呢?请你以李明的名义给他回一封电子邮件。词数80左右。(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。) Dear Tony, The custom in our country is very different from yours. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Yours, Li Ming Dear Tony, The custom in our country is very different from yours. When you visit a Chinese family, you should get there on time or a few minutes earlier.You can take something lovely, such as wine or some fruit. When you begin to eat, you should wait until the host invites you to do so. We like to eat together and the dishes in the plate are shared by all. It's not polite to cross your chopsticks on your bowl. Put them on the table. If you are full, you should say so and thanks for the dinner. So much for this. Wish you happiness. Yours, Li Ming $$