Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 非谓语动词 动词不定式 to do 过去分词 (done) 现在分词/动名词(doing ) 2 动词不定式作定语和状语 ①They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe． ②However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space． ③These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died． ④China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003 ... ⑤This signalled one step further in China's plan to establish a space station in the future． ⑥More recently, China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations． ◎我的发现 (1)句____为动词不定式作状语。 (2)句________为动词不定式作定语。 ①⑥ ②③④⑤ 不定式作定语、状语 Infinitives(1) 一、不定式的定义： 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词 原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不 能独立作谓语。 但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在 句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、 定语、状语等。 Functions of infinitives To live abroad is not easy. She planned to visit her parents next week. The question is how to get there. The first person to come is Mr. Brown. He went to France to learn French. His father encouraged him to find a new job. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补 状语 主动语态 被动语态 意 义 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing 一、动词不定式的时态和语态 8 My father has decided to cut out smoking． 我的父亲已经决定戒烟了。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance． 明天要举行的会议很重要。 I'm very sorry to have kept you sitting around doing nothing． 让你一直无所事事闲坐着我感到很抱歉。 1　用所给词的适当形式填空 ①I am honoured __________ (deliver) a speech at the opening ceremony on behalf of our school． ②The question ______________ (discuss) tomorrow is about the pollution. ③The book is said to ___________________ (translate) into four languages so far． ④The little boy pretended ___________ (read) the book when his teacher entered the classroom． to deliver to be discussed have been translated to be reading 二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语， 修饰名词或代词， 动词不定式和它所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系、主谓关系、动状关系或同位关系。动词不定式通常要放在这些被修饰词的后面。 1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。 We have much homework to do tonight． 今晚我们有许多作业要做。 2．名词前有first、 last、 next、 only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games． 她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 3．抽象名词attempt、 ability、 chance、 desire、 opportunity、 courage、 plan、 way或不定代词something、 nothing等后面常用动词不定式作后置定语。 Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work． 詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。 Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge． 多亏了你的鼓励，我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。 This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers． 这对饭店和商店这样的生意很有用， 因为它提供了新的吸引顾客的方法。 4．当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时，要用动词不定式作定语。 We must find a person to do the job． 我们必须找一个做这份工作的人。 【点津】 (1)动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 Attention, please．The astronaut has something important to say． 请注意，这名宇航员有重要的事情要说。 (2)如果动词不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的介词。 Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。 2　单句语法填空 ①In many homes in the UK, the first person _______ (wake) up has to make tea for the family． ②The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area． ③The best way __________ (improve) your English is to join an English club． ④Carol was happy that she had the chance _____________ (experience) the life in the city． ⑤These courses offer us opportunities__________ (improve) our abilities to appreciate art． to wake to be completed to improve to experience to improve The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 2. We are having a meeting in half an hour. The decision __________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company. 3. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. 4. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. 5. I have a lot of readings ___________ (complete) before the end of this term. to be completed to be made to change Infinitive as attribute: Exercise 高考链接 to explore to complete 6. The play ______________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. 7. The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 8. It’s important for the figures ____________ (update) regularly. 9. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ (stay) away. 10. It’s standard practice for a company like this one _________ (employ) a security officer. (2014 山东) to be produced to express to stay to be updated to employ Infinitive as attribute: Exercise 三、动词不定式作状语 动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来表示目的、原因及结果等。 1．作目的状语， 置于句首或句末， 置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气， 常与in order to或so as to 组成短语。 To keep up with others, the intelligent young man has been working very hard． 为了赶上别人，这个聪明的年轻人一直在努力学习。 In order to help him, we will do everything we can. 为了帮助他， 我们将尽我们所能。 She asked me to drive her to the airport so as to catch the 5：00 plane． 为了赶上5点的飞机，她让我开车把她送到机场。 2．作原因状语，多用于“sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ... ”结构中。 I'm disappointed to hear you lack the patience． 听说你缺乏耐心我很失望。 If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better． 如果这样的话， 你可能会很惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。 3．作结果状语， 多用于too ... to ... ；enough to ... ；only to do (表示意料之外的结果的发生); so/such ... as to ... (如此……以至于……)结构中。 The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people． 加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。 The boy is old enough to take care of himself． 这个男孩够大了，能照顾他自己了。 He hurried to the agency only to find the manager had left． 他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。 She is (so) proud as to look down upon others． 她太骄傲了， 看不起别人。 4．独立的动词不定式多用作插入语， 表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。 To make matters worse, e-dictionaries mean more pollution than paper dictionaries． 更糟糕的是， 电子词典比传统纸质词典污染更严重。 【点津】　动词不定式与动词-ing形式作结果状语的区别： (1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。 Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit． 她焦急地从包裹中取出裙子， 然后试穿了一下， 结果发现它不合身。 (2)动词-ing形式作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的、必然造成的结果。 He failed his exam, making his father angry． 他考试不及格，使他父亲很生气。 3　单句语法填空 ①________ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course． ②We travel on Day 2 to northern France _______ (visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields． ③When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad ______ (find) them alive． ④Would you be so kind as________ (spare) some time to come and join us? To learn to visit to find to spare _________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. 3. Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. 4. George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. 5. This machine is very easy ___________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 6. We were astonished ________ (find) the temple still in its original condition. To make to find Exercise: Infinitive as adverbial to help 高考链接 to be told to operate to find 3. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal ___________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, ______ (use) current technology, it would take over two years ______ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _______ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way ________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _______ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. known using to get to achieve to store to help $$