Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 语法讲与练 2024-2025学年人教版英语九年级全册
Unit5 What are the shirts made of?英语同步语法讲与练
一般现在时的被动语态语法
一、被动语态概述
主动语态:主语是动作的执行者(如:Eric teaches English.)。
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者(如:English is taught by Eric.)。
核心结构:am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词(done)。
二、主动语态变被动语态的步骤
- 变主语:主动语态的宾语 → 被动语态的主语。
例:We clean the classroom. → The classroom...
- 变谓语:主动语态的谓语 → be + 过去分词(注意be动词与新主语的单复数一致)。
例:clean → are cleaned
- 加by短语:主动语态的主语 → by + 宾格(若无需强调执行者,可省略)。
- 保留状语:时间、地点等状语位置不变。
三、被动语态的用法
- 不知道或不必指出执行者
The cup is broken.(杯子被打碎了。)
Books are written for children.(书是为儿童写的。)
- 强调动作的承受者
Calculators can’t be used in exams.(考试禁止使用计算器。)
Waste paper should be recycled.(废纸应被回收。)
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四、句式结构
句式 | 结构 | 例句 |
肯定句 | 主语 + am/is/are + done + by... | The house is built by workers.(房子由工人建造。) |
否定句 | 主语 + am/is/are + not + done + by... | The car is not driven by him.(车不是他开的。) |
一般疑问句 | Am/Is/Are + 主语 + done + by...? | —Is the bike repaired?(自行车修好了吗?)—Yes, it is. |
特殊疑问句 | 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + done...? | What is the cake made of?(蛋糕是用什么做的?) |
五、常考考点与易错点
1. 被动语态与主动语态的辨析
主语态强调“谁做”,被动语态强调“什么被做”。
例:主动:They plant trees in spring.(他们在春天种树。)被动:Trees are planted in spring.(树在春天被种植。)
2. be动词的单复数
由被动语态的主语决定,与主动语态的主语无关。
例:主动:He cleans the room. → 被动:The room is cleaned by him.
主动:They clean the room. → 被动:The room is cleaned by them.(主语room是单数)
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3. 感官动词的被动语态
主动语态中省略to的感官动词(如see, hear),被动语态中需还原to。
例:主动:I saw her enter the room. → 被动:She was seen to enter the room.
4. 固定搭配的被动形式
常见短语:be made of(由……制成,看得出原材料)
be made from(由……制成,看不出原材料)
be made in(在某地制造)
be known for(因……闻名)
be used for(被用于……)
例:The desk is made of wood.(桌子由木头制成。)
This kind of paper is made from wood.(这种纸由木材制成。)
考点1一般现在时的被动语态
- 单项选择:请从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
- -Your classroom is really bright and clean.
-It__after school every day.
A. is cleaned B. cleaned C.was cleaned D.were cleaned
2. -Drunken driving is dangerous, isn't it?
-Yeah. That's why drunken drivers____ to prison even without causing accidents.
A.sent B. are sent C.send D. are sending
3. Now primary school students___ to learn to cook at school
A.were required B.are required C.will be required D.was required
4. The Olympic Games___ every four years.
A.are held B.were held C.are holding D. will hold
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