题型四 短文选词填空-【指点中考】2025年湖北中考英语导学案

题型四 短文选词填空 考情研习 明晰备考方向 短文选词填空题型是在语篇层面的具体语境中考查学生结合上下文理解内容、把握句间逻辑 关系，综合运用语言知识的能力，巧妙地将语言知识的考查和语言技能的考查有机结合，学生不仅 需要扎实的语言知识，还需要较强的阅读思维能力。符合《教育部关于加强初中学业水平考试命题 工作的意见》中提到的“提高综合性试题的比例”以及“既要注重考查基础知识、基本技能，还要注重 考查思维过程、创新意识和分析问题、解决问题的能力”的要求。 此题型让师生注意，在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式一意义一使用”的统一体，明确学习语法的 日的是在语境中运用语法知识理解和表达意义。湖北省中考的短文选词填空考情如下： 以说明文和记叙文为主，少量涉及应用文和议论文。近年中考语篇类型呈多样化趋势， 语篇类型 除常规文本外，还涉及邮件、网页、通知等图文结合式的新语篇类型 选材 ①主题：围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题 秘密 主题&话题 ②话题：以故事类（教育故事、人物经历及感受、情感故事、寓言故事等）和说明介绍类为 主，也会涉及做法建议、观点看法等话题 词数 200左右 考查形式 从方框中提供的10个单词中选出合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每空一词 必考点 第 ①动词：以填原形、过去式、过去分词、第三人称单数形式为主，也会涉及现在分词、动名 词、词性转换（主要是变名词、变-ed:-ing形式的形容词） 编 ②名词：以填可数名词单数和复数为主，也会填不可数名词、名词所有格，名词变形容词 ③形容词：以填原级、比较级和形容词变副词为主，也会少量涉及填最高级和变名词 中 高频考点： 命题 关联考点 ④代词：以填人称代词的宾格、形容词性物主代词为主，也会涉及名词性物主代词，反身 题 特点 代词，不定代词等 ⑤副词：以填原级为主，少量涉及比较级和最高级 破 ⑥连词：以填从属连词为主，并列连词为辅 ⑦数词：以填序数词为主 低频考点： 冠词、疑问词、介词、感叹词等 考查技能 以语境推断和语法知识为主，会少量涉及固定搭配、逻辑推理，词汇复现 164 指点中考英语 真题研做 探究命题之道 【真题示例】 【解题思维模式】 (2024湖北) 第一步 动词：olrt,eomc,hld 分类备远 名词：attention,ife after attention clean collect come 词。明确 形容词：clean,helpful 词性词义 代词：hr连词：aer数词：is first he helpful hold life 第二步 世券检治垃圾大赛简介和对大赛创办 者Ken的采访 Do you believe picking up rubbish has become a 跳空通读 感闭大意 136 考查动词。根据语境可 推知，肯屈成圾收集世界杯被 world competition? 举办。此处要刀过去分词形式 点拨：语境推断 In November of 2023,the first Rubbish Collection T37 考在动词。此处不定式 World Cup was 36. in Asia.Teams 作口的状语，故充格处应填动 词原形。根据上文世界杯比赛 from 21 countries took part in it.According to the 的内容是pick up rubbish可知， 此处填pick up的可义incollect rules,each team will have 60 minutes to 37. 点拨：间汇复规 T38 考查数词。根据语境判 rubbish as much as possible.Britain finally won the 斯最终赢斜了，等奖。 点拨语境推断 38. prize."We hope more people around T39 考查名词。此处是希望 世界上史多人关注不境问邀， the world will pay 39. to environmental 固定搭配pay attention to。 点拨语境推断，固定搭配 problems,"said a British team member. 140 考本动词。，Ken谈论白已 如何想出这个主意的。固定搭 When Ken,the founder(创始人)of the competition, 第三步 配come up with。本句前面talked 细读初填 是过去式，此处也应填过去式 was interviewed,he talked about how he 40. 判断词性 点拔语境推断，固定搭配 确定形 T41 up with the idea.Several years ago,he found many 考在迹词。充处前后都 第 足完整句子，此处须填在词。 sea animals died 41. 很多海洋动物在吃掉海里的垃 they ate the 圾之后死掉。 编 rubbish in the sea.So he started to pick up rubbish 点拨逻辑推理 T42 考在代司。但每天早上 湖 on42. way to the beach every morning. 在去海谑的路上开始检垃圾 北 0none's way lo在某人去…的 中 "Picking up a piece of rubbish may save a 路上，此处填形容词性物主代词。 点拔语境推断，固定搭配 题 turtle's(海龟的)43. It's also a good T'43 考查名词。名词所有格 型 后加名词，再根据语境可是 way to keep the beach 44. .”In his 标救一贝海色的牛企 点拨：语境推断 破 eyes,changing people's thoughts about rubbish was T44 考查形容词：检垃圾是 让海滩保持干净的一个好方式 more important. 此处填形容词作宾语补足语。 点发语境推断 "Picking up rubbish is meaningful and T45 考查形容词。根据逻辑连 词and可知，所填词为词性和词 45. ,”added Ken.“Now,I am glad to 义均与eaningful相似的形容词 点拔逻辑推理 hear that lots of people take part in it to protect our 第四步 半读文常 将答案带入原文中，再次对文章进行 environment." 验证答案 审核，确保无误 导学案 165 技法归纳 破译解题密码 技法①分类备选词，明确词性词义 分析方框中所给的备选词汇，判断每个单词的词性、词义，并进行分类。 技法②分析句子结构，判断词性，确定词形 (1)判断词性 在简单句中，基本结构是主、谓、宾、定、状、补。分析空处所属的句子成分，弄清楚所填单词在 句中是充当主语、谓语还是宾语等成分，从而确定空处所填的词性。 (2)确定词形 根据词性和语法结构，判断是否需要变形。初中阶段常接触的实词变形情况如下： 动词常见变形 ①动词时态：②被动语态：③非谓语动词：④动词变成其他词性，如动词变成名词或形容词 ①形容词的比较级与最高级：②形容词变成其他词性，如形容词变成副词，形容词与名词 形容词常见变形 的转换：③形容词的反义词 名词常见变形 ①可数名词的复数形式：②名词所有格：③名词变成其他词性 代词常见变形 ①人称代词的宾格：②物主代词：③反身代词：④指示代词的复数 数词常见变形 ①基数词变序数词：②hundred,thousand,million等词的用法 技法③细读推敲 (1)语境推断 根据上下文的语境提示或暗示，体会语境和作者的情感态度，推断出符合场景的最佳词汇。 第 (2)逻辑推理 三 根据上下文的意思，分析句子间的逻辑关系，确定空处的词义。常见的逻辑关系有：并列关系、 编 因果关系、转折关系、条件关系等。 湖 (3)固定搭配及句式 北 短文填空中常见的固定搭配有动词短语、名词短语和常见固定句式等。学生需熟记常见的固 考 定搭配和句式，以便迅速答题。 题 例(2024陕百A卷) 【破题关键点】 突 41.分析句子结构可知空处应填形容词，再根据空 play be tradition send you 后的and quicker和than可知，空处填形容词比 rapid cheap need email person 较级cheaper。 Email is a way of sending messages to 42.根据语境推断想要做的事是发邮件，want to do other people through the Internet.It is sth.想要做某事，故填动词原形send。 much 41. and quicker than 43.根据语境和前后句的逻辑关系一如果你想发送 sending a letter. If you want to 电子邮件，你需要为 创建一个电子邮件地 42. emails,you need to create 址。此处要填一个表示“人”的词，结合备选词you an email address for 43. .This 可知，此处表示“你自己”，故用反身代词yourself。 166 指点中考英语 address is usually 44.分析句子结构，空前是限定词，空后是名词，初 made up of letters 步推测此空应该也是限定词。再结合备选词和 语境推断可知，输入个人电子邮件地址，person's个 and dots(点)and a snail and an envelope 人的，此处应用所有格形式。 the symbol“@” 45.根据逻辑推理，自从互联网发明以来，今天许多 (meaning "at").This is what an address looks 人不需要使用邮票，信封或去邮局。don't后用 like Jemy mail.com.When you email 动词原形need。 someone,type in(输入)this44. 46.分析句子结构，空前是主语，空后是过去分词invented,. 再根据语境可知，互联网被发明，be符合语境：动作 email address,and then send your message 发生在过去，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was。 on the Internet.Many people today don't 47.分析句子结构可判断此空填名词，结合备选词 45. to use stamps,envelopes 可知选email,快捷方便是所有电子邮件的特 or go to the post office since the Internet 点，all修饰可数名词复数，故填emails。. 46. 48.分析句子结构可判断此空填形容词，作定语修 invented. Quick and 饰way。通过语境推断，自从电子邮件诞生以 convenient-that's the character of all 来，以传统方式书写和发送的信件就有一个特 47. Ever since the birth of 殊的名字—蜗牛邮件。因此在备选词中选 email.letters that are written and sent in tradition“传统”，用其形容词形式traditional。 the 48. way have received a 49.根据语境推断，科技正在迅速发展，一些其他的 special name-snail mail.Yet,technology 在线交流方式，比如中国的微信，已经比电子邮 件发挥了更重要的作用。分析句子结构可判断 is developing 49. and some 此空填副词rapidly,作状语修饰动词develop。 other ways of online communication,such 50.此处很明显是一个固定搭配，play an important as WeChat in China,have 50. part起重要作用，时态是现在完成时，动词用过 more important part than email. 去分词形式，故填played。 第 三 好题精练 练全练通练透 编 湖 Test A to a discussion:To update(更新)or not to 北 (2024成都改编) update Shakespeare? Some people think updating age disagree because lead mean Shakespeare is necessary.They 型 perform pleasure talented they widely say Shakespeare's plays are 破 William Shakespeare was born more than great,but what is the point if 450 years ago.He is 1. regarded they cannot be understood? as one of the greatest writers in history and is So many 4. modern writers have rewritten Shakespeare's plays in the way people still influencing artists today.However,his speak today.This makes 5. clearer language is too old-fashioned and difficult to for today's audiences(读者).At the same time, follow 2. his time was quite audiences would still get as much 6. different from today.This has 3. from the plays. 导学案 167 Some people 7. They think ordered everyone in the market to put a coin Shakespeare's works are beautiful and timeless.The into a basin()filled with water.When a coin richness of the language and the playful use of created an oil bloom(油花)in the water,Bao words should be celebrated.There are good 7. the man who dropped the coin reasons why the plays are still being and told everyone that he stole the boy's coins.Bao 8. today.Many of Shakespeare's explained,"The boy was the 8. one expressions are still used,for example,"All who sold oily products in the market and the that glitters(发光)isn't gold.”His works tell man's coin was the only one that created an oil us what it 9. to be human. bloom in the basin. Topics such as love,kindness and friendship Many of the stories about Bao were made last through the 10. into some 9. novels,operas and What do you think?Should Shakespeare so on.Today Bao is still considered as one of be updated? the 10. Test B officials in history and is (2024河南改编) loved by Chinese people. sell he only after popular Test C movie need catch great situation (2024广安改编) Have you ever heard of be neither instead sweet year cook 第 Bao Zheng or Bao Qingtian? expect surprise remember nothing 三 Today,I'm going to tell you a In children's eyes,their mothers are 编 story about Bao, which is always perfect.In my mind,my mother is good 北 1 among Chinese at almost everything but she can't cook well.I 考 people. still 1. what happened on my A young boy made a living by 2. 型 father's 35th birthday. fried dough sticks(油条)in the market..One 破 My mother began to cook at 9 o'clock in day he fell asleep on a rock 3. he the morning.Three hours later,only two got 100 copper coins.When he woke up,he found 4. coins were gone.The dishes 2. served on the table-a boy cried because the money was 5. salad and a roast duck(烤鸭).My father and I to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother. really 3. the roast duck because Bao happened to pass through the market. it was our favourite.Unluckily,the duck was After knowing about the 6. he 4. nice in colour nor delicious in 168 指点中考英语 taste.How disappointed I was!My mother wanted "The farm sent hundreds of chickens and to cook another one.To my 5. my 3. to the university,so we father didn't complain(抱怨)atal.6. decided to have the cafeteria(食堂)turn these he ate one more piece of the duck and smiled at black-boned birds into‘AI chicken soup’to my mother,"Good taste,I love it.Thank you, give teachers and students a(n)4. dear!It's the best roast duck that I have ever of technology,"said Chen Sirui,a student in had!"My mother smiled happily and said, the program. “Thank you.Happy birthday！" Over the last eight months,more than ten I couldn't understand what my father said students from the program have been making at that time.Twenty 7. time has great efforts to 5. an intelligent passed and my father is 55 years old now.He (智能的)breeding system(养殖系统)for the still loves the food my mother cooks,though chickens in Guizhou. she still isn't good at 8. And I Checking the health and movement of get to know that no one is perfect,including chickens used to be a big challenge faced by my mother.9. is perfect,including 6. farmers.However,students my family.But love can make a difference.If overcame this 7. with their there is love,home will be the 10. experience in developing an AI goose() 第 place in the world. breeding system before.Using deep learning Test D and computer technologies,they 8. 编 (2024襄阳三模改编) 湖 collected information on 250,000 chickens.The 北 egg joy develop local really help result was the world's first intelligent chicken 中 taste offer difficulty successful breeding system. 题 型 Students in an AI program at Shenzhen 9 This achievement and 突 破 University use AI to help chicken farming in improves the centuries-old traditional chicken Guizhou.So far the production has increased by farming through the use of cloud technology. 30 percent.To share the 1. of Meanwhile,it gives students a chance to face the program's success at the chicken farm,free 10. challenges,deepen their “AI chicken soup”has been2. understanding of technology and develop their by the university this week. practical skills. 导学案 169题型二选择型阅读 5.develop 6.local 7.difficulty 好题精练—练全练通练透 8.successfully 9.helps 10.real Test A 题型五任务型阅读 1.C2.D3.B4.C5.A 好题精练一练全练通练透 Test B Test A 6.B7.D8.A9.A10.C 1.reading together with others Test C 2.pair up older students with younger ones 11.C12.D13.D14.B15.C 3.practice lifelong skills 题型三还原句子型阅读 4.become a closer community 好题精练—练全练通练透 5.Reading with others can make our reading Test A experience more interesting.We can share 1.E2.F3.A4.D5.C our ideas with others and learn more./... 案不唯一，言之有理即可) Test B Test B 1.B2.F3.E4.A5.D 1.hit Test C 2.filled with beautiful wisdom 1.E2.C3.F4.D5.A 3.the grassland and life Test D 4.truth,goodness and beauty 1.A2.C3.E4.B5.F 5.It makes us know about the beauty of nature 题型四 短文选词填空 and humans./..(答案不唯一，言之有理即可) 好题精练—练全练通练透 Test C Test A 1.300 1.widely 2.because 3.led 4.talented 2.the climate today 5.them 6.pleasure 7.disagree 3.A harvest celebration will readily come to mind. 8.performed 9.means 10.ages 4.the new Summer Test B 5.We need to pay attention to climate change./. 1.popular 2.selling 3.after 4.his (答案不唯一，言之有理即可) 5.needed 6.situation 7.caught 8.only Test D 9.movies 10.greatest 1.consider Test C 2.to look for something in common 1.remember 2.were 3.expected 4.neither 3.You'll regret saying them when you cool down. 5.surprise 6.Instead 7.years' 8.cooking 4.Discuss with a third party. 9.Nothing 10.sweetest 5.Listening to smooth music helps a lot./I can Test D write down my feelings and thoughts to 1.joy 2.offered 3.eggs 4.taste reduce anger../(答案不唯一，言之有理即可) 12