句法(一} 句子种类及简单句-【指点中考】2025年湖北中考英语导学案

专题二 句 法 句法(一) 句子种类及简单句 图解语法 陈述事实或表明看法 用以表达命令、要求、请求。 陈述句 包括肯定结构和否定结构 劝告或建议等 肯定形式常以动词原形开头, 用ves或no回答 一般疑问句一 否定形式在动词原形前加don1 句子 问词 有Do型、Be型、No型三种类型 种类 祈使句 whal, which. who. whose. wher how. where. whv等 为表礼貌,祈使句中经常在句 特殊 疑问句 疑问句 前或者句末加please 疑问词红: 用于表示赞美,惊叹、喜悦。 how long, how much, how many. 框化畔 how often. what time等 愤怒等感情的句子 Whaltfa/an)+形容词+名词 提出两个或两个以上可能 (+主语+谓语)! 的答案供对方选择,不可 感叹句 选择 How+形容词/副词(+主语 用yea或no回答 疑问句 谓语)! ①There is some food in the fridge.- There is a teacher and manv sludents in the 肯定句式:Therebe+主语+地点/时 assroom→be动间必须和主语在人称和 问状语。 数上保持一致。如果Therebe之后是两个 ②/lhere isn't any food in the fridge.- 或两个以上的并列主语,be动词一般和 存现句/ 邻近主语的数和人称保持一致,即“就 否定句式:Therebe+nol/no+主语 There be 用 近原则”。 地点/时问状语。 句型 结 法 ③Is there any food in the fridge? 将 ①一般现在时:1hereis/are+主语+其他. 一般疑间句:Betlhere土主语+地 点/时问状语? ②一般过去时:There was/were/used to 不同时态 be+主语(+其他)。 ④How much food is there in the fridge 的变化 一特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+主语+ ③一般将来时:There is/are going to be/ be+there+地点/时间状语? willbe+其他) 导学案 127 主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致 谓语动词的数取决于最靠近它 的主语的单复数 主语为单数可数名词或代词、不可数名词 谓语 在therebe句型中,be动词的单复 动词 就近 不定代词anything, something, nothing. 数要与其邻近的主语保持一致 用 anybodv,everyone. nobody等作主语 Heither...or.... neither... nor....not 单数 only...but also...等连接的并列主语 形式 动词不定式或v.-ing形式作主语 谓语的单复数与邻近的主语相一致 “eachleverv/either+名词”作主语 谓语的单、复数要视主语所表达 的单复数概念而定 语法 主语为可数名词复数或代词复数 谓语动词用 主谓 复数形式 -致 集体名词如lfamily,team,group. Hand和both..and..连接并烈 clss等看作整体时,谓语动词用 主语 单数;强调其中每一个成员时, 意义 谓语动词用复数 主语后面有including. with,together with, except. 一 表示时间、距离、价格、度量等的 besides.aswellas等时,谓语动词的单复数形式 复数名词或词组作主语时,一般被 应与主语的单复数形式一致 看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数 I完形填空 When I was in Grade Six, I fell in love with volleyball. However, as the shortest boy, I was often laughed at. One morning, lots of students were trying out for our school volleyball team.I decided to have a try. I was the shortest among them. So they said,“Volleyball is not for you. 1 about table tennis?" But I didn't care. Then I did some acts, but I wasn't good at passing the ball. So the coach took me aside(旁边) and said,"You are not the right person for volleyball, so please 2 other teams."I said,"I know I'm not good at passing the ball, but I'm a hitter. You know the importance of a hitter, so 3 not give me a chance?" The coach doubtfully looked at me. But he still decided to give me a chance. Then he said. "Okay, 4 here."I tried my best to hit the ball down. I succeeded. Everyone said,"5 wonderful hit!" I was chosen for the volleyball team. Nothing is impossible as long as you never give up. 1.A.Who B.When C. Why D.How 2.A.join B. tojoin C. not join D. don't join C.why B. how 3.A.what D. when C.coming 4. A.came B. to come D.come B.What a C.What 5.A.Howa D. How 128 指点中考 英语 短文填空 (2024湖北改编) help go not how be ask what do Many people make journeys to different places. However, the biggest journey is the self- discovery journey. 1. do you start it? Here are some things you can do · Understand what you value about yourself 2. do you like most about yourself? It could be about how creative you are. It could also be about your wonderful skills at football. This 3. you better understand your own values and abilities. .Travel to different places 。. you want to meet different kinds of people and get to know different cultures? Then5. traveling. It can open your eyes and increase your knowledge. · Ask yourself what you want to be What 6. your goal in life? How will you achieve it? 7. yourself these questions, and you will have a better understanding of yourself. The self-discovery journey is 8. a fixed one. With time going by. many experiences in your life can change you, which helps you grow. II写作运用 根据汉语意思补全作文,注意祈使句的运用及多样的句式结构 Passage A Dear Mike. I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble with your weight. 1. (让我分享一些好方法)to keephealthywithyou. First,2. (多吃水果和蔬菜).Saynoto fast food,such as hamburgers and chips. Eating too much of them 3 (可能对 你的健康有害).Second,exercise everyday.4. (找 到你最喜欢的运动并坚持下去).But5. (记住不要一次 做太多). Third, get enough sleep. As a teenager, you should sleep for at least 8 hours every night. 6. (永远不要熬夜太晚). Finally,tryto do things that make you happy, such as talking with your friends and enjoying a relaxing movie. I hope these tips will be useful to you. Yours. Li Ming 导学案 129 Passage B Dear Emma, How are you? I'd like to tell you about my pleasant summer holiday in Guizhou Province. I visited the Huangguoshu Waterfall, I 1. (拍了许多漂亮的 照片)and2. (品尝了许多美食). I felt extremely happy during the trip. As you know, I decided to record the lives of China's ethnic minorities(少数民族) in Guizhou with my camera. 3. (贵州有18个民族).Lifethere is comfortable. Living there is not only very easy, but also 4. (人们 热情友好). The lifestyle(生活方式)of each group is quite interesting.When I made videos there. many villagers invited me to their homes for a meal. And they told me a lot of stories about their groups. Guizhou,5. (多么精彩的一个地方啊)!I'msurethereare more things for me to learn and experience. Yours. Li Hua 句法(二) 排琴 并列复合句 图解语法 and. hoth...and...not only... but also....neither..nor...等 ①I help him and he helps me. 并列、递进。 ②My sister not only aings well. 顺承关系 因果 for, so等-They were making a lot of noise. but also dances well. 关系 so the teacher got angry. bnt-I bought my sister a 和回 present. but she didn't like it 转折 because(因为),so(所以):Because he was 关系 while强调对比)一 tired. he couldn't walk 1here.-He was tired. Ilike red while she likes hlue. so he couldn't walk ihere 不能同时出 现在一个句 althongh/though(虽然),but(但是): 选择 or, either...or....not..but..等一 子中的连词 Though he was tired. he still worked hard. 关系 Is ila hoy or a girl? -He was lired. but he slill worked hard. 突点 并列连词and和or用于否定句中的区别 3.在否定句中,without之后若有列举成分,则 1.当列举成分是主语,又在否定词之前时,用 用and连接,构成完全否定;在肯定句中. and连接;当列举成分在否定词之后时,用o without之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构 构成完全否定。 成完全否定。 Lucy and Lily can't speak Chinese. Man can't live without air and water I can't sing or dance -Man will die without air or water. 2.在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定 词,那么用and,而不用or。 【指津】although与though同义,意为“虽然,尽 There is no water and no air on the moon 管”,不与“but”连用;“because”不与“so”连用。 130 指点中考 英语第2节 介词短语及固定搭配 专题二句法 情境中练语法 I.完形填空 句法（一） 句子种类及简单句 Passage A 情境中练语法 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A I,完形填空 Passage B 1.D2.A3.C4.D5.B 1.B2.D3.C4.B5.A6.D7.B Ⅱ，短文填空 8.C 1.How 2.What 3.helps 4.Do 5.go Ⅱ.写作运用 6.is 7.Ask 8.not 1.I saw a little bird in front of me Ⅲ.写作运用 2.I ran in a hurry 3.it was in need of water and food Passage A 4.eating food in time 1.Let me share some good ways 5.in trouble 2.eat more fruit and vegetables 3.can be harmful to your health 词类（六）冠词 4.Find your favorite sport and keep doing it 情境中练语法 5.remember not to do too much at one time 短文填空 6.Never stay up too late 1.a 2./3.the 4.the 5.The 6.the 7./ Passage B 8.the9.the10./11.an12.the13./ 1.took many beautiful photos 14.a15.the 2.tasted lots of delicious food 词类（七）数 词 3.There are eighteen/18 ethnic groups living in Guizhou 情境中练语法 4.people are warm and friendly I,短文填空 5.what a wonderful place it is 1.twice 2.Once 3.third 4.thousands 5.ten 句法（二）并列复合句 Ⅱ.写作运用 情境中练语法 1.an interest in Chinese social manners I.完形填空 2.China is a country with a long history 3.you are supposed to shake hands when you Passage A meet someone for the first time 1.B2.A3.C4.B5.D 4.Secondly,you should bring a gift when you Passage B are invited to a party 1.A2.D3.B4.C5.A 5.or a few minutes earlier Ⅱ.写作运用 6.I hope the above is helpful 1.taking exercise is very important to everybody 7.you will have an unforgettable experience because it can offer people health and pleasure 10