精品解析：天津市滨海新区天津经济技术开发区第一中学2024-2025学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题

高一英语 第一部分：英语知识运用 I：听力测试：共两节(每小题1分，满分10分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。从题中所给的A、B、C选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. When will the man leave? A. On Tuesday B. On Wednesday C. On Friday 2. What does the woman suggest they do? A. Take the bus B. See another show C. Walk to the theater. 3. How does the woman feel now? A. Relaxed B. Nervous C. Bored 4. What does the man mean? A. He can’t give her a ride. B. He can’t write a speech. C. He can’t find the museum. 5. What does the man think of the play? A. Too short. B. Quite good. C. Disappointing 第二节 (共10小题;每小题0.5分，满分5分) 听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. Where is the woman going? A. To a history class. B. To the swimming pool. C. To the professor’s office. 7. Why can’t the man go with the woman now? A. He has to finish a paper. B. He has to take a math test. C. He has to speak with a professor. 8. What does the woman offer to do for the man? A. Teach him how to write a poem B. Help him with his studies C. Lend him a textbook. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. Why does the man want to buy a bike? A. To go on a tour B. To enter a race C. To get some exercise 10. What does the woman suggest the man buy? A. A motorbike B. A used bike C. A top-class bike 11. What does the woman tell the man to consider first in choosing his bike? A. Comfort B. Price C. Quality 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。 12. When was the party originally planned to end? A. At 6 am B. At 9:30 pm C. At midnight 13. Who will benefit from the door money? A. Some sick children B. The club owner C. The organizer 14. What is the invitation used as? A. A ticket for free drinks B. A reminder of the party C. A membership card 15. What is the purpose of the talk? A. To introduce a club B. To explain some rules C. To announce some changes II.单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 1. —Is Mr. Pearl available, please? — _________ . I'll just see if he is in the office. A. After you B. Hang on C. With pleasure D. Go ahead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查情景对话。句意：——请问Pearl先生在吗？——稍等。我去看看他在不在办公室。A. After you您先；B. Hang on稍等；C. With pleasure愿意效劳；D. Go ahead随便。根据句意，此处表示“稍等”。故选B。 2. When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ________ from outside world. A. carried out B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当他们的孩子住在离他们很远的地方时，这些老人感到与外界隔绝了。A. carried out执行；B. broken down分解；C. cut off（地方或人）被隔绝；D. brought up抚养。根据句意可知，因为孩子不在身边，老人感到与外界隔绝了，“cut off”意为“（地方或人）被隔绝”，符合语境。故选C项。 3. ________ you fully understand the instructions of the experiment, your life won’t be secured. A When B. If C. Once D. Unless 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：除非你完全理解实验的指导，否则你的生命将无法得到保障。A. When当……时候；B. If如果；C. Once一旦；D. Unless除非。根据句意可知，此处表达的是“除非”的意思，应用连词unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if not。故选D项。 4. —You shouldn’t have let your daughter come home alone late at night. —You are right. Luckily, she________her friends on the way home. A. has met B. had met C. met D. would meet 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你不应该让你女儿深夜独自回家。——你说得对。幸运的是，她在回家的路上遇到了她的朋友。根据前者所说的内容中的“shouldn’t have let...”可知，此处描述的是“不应该发生的事情，却发生了，所以此处表示发生在过去的事情， “遇到朋友”也是发生在过去的一个动作，对话的时间背景一致，因此使用一般过去时met。故选C项。 5. At present, yoga, along with deep breathing exercises and Taichi, ________ as one of the most beneficial activities for health and wellness. A. was seen B. is seen C. were seen D. are seen 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，瑜伽，连同深呼吸练习和太极拳，被视为对健康和保健最有益的活动之一。see(看作)是谓语动词，与主语“yoga, along with deep breathing exercises and Taichi”之间是被动关系，“along with…”连接多个主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就远原则”，与前面的主语保持一致，本题中前面的主语是不可数名词yoga，谓语动词要用单数形式，结合时间状语“At present”可知，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，单数形式is seen。故选B项。 6. Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when _________ in large amounts or after 2 pm. A. consumed B. being consumed C. consuming D. having consumed 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：咖啡可能会引起睡眠障碍，尤其是大量饮用后或在下午两点以后饮用。此处为状语从句的省略，且consume意为“吃；喝；饮用”，与句子主语 coffee构成逻辑上的动宾关系，省略be动词，故用过去分词形式。故选A。 7. It ______ heavily all day and we have no option but to cancel the meeting. A. is raining B. has been raining C. will be raining D. was raining 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：雨下了一整天，我们别无选择，只好取消会议。根据“all day”和“we have no option but to cancel the meeting”可知，rain“下雨”的行为从过去开始一直持续到现在，且可能会继续下去，因此用现在完成进行时。故选B。 8. William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A. from which B. in which C. with whom D. for whom 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为先行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。 9. volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. A. To study B. Studying C. Having studied D. Studied 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：在研究火山多年之后，我仍然对它们的美丽以及它们造成巨大破坏的潜力感到惊讶。study与主语是逻辑主谓关系，且强调“研究”发生在主句谓语动作之前，应使用现在分词的完成式。故C选项正确。 10. There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent. A. used B. using C. to use D. to be used 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：近年来医学取得了许多进展。这意味着用于医学研究的钱花得很值。分析句子可知，money与use在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选A项。 11. I promise to ________ my neighbour by watering her garden while she was on vacation. A. let down B. help out C. turn down D. die down 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我答应在邻居度假时帮她给花园浇水。A. let down使失望；B. help out帮助；C. turn down拒绝；D. die down逐渐消失，减弱。根据句意可知，邻居度假时，我答应帮她给花园浇水，“help out”意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选B项。 12. The publisher is responsible for getting the necessary________ to reproduce the illustration. A. registration B. confirmation C. permission D. destination 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：出版商负责获得复制插图所需的许可。A. registration登记；B. confirmation证实；C. permission许可；D. destination目的地。根据句意可知，要想复制插图，出版商需要得到许可，“permission”意为“许可”，名词词性，符合语境。故选C项。 13. The city is promoting ________development by investing renewable energy. A. reusable B. adjustable C. incredible D. sustainable 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该市正通过投资可再生能源来促进可持续发展。A. reusable可重复使用的；B. adjustable可调节的；C. incredible难以置信的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据句意可知，此处表示促进“可持续的”发展，应用形容词sustainable作定语，修饰名词development。故选D项。 14. Giving up smoking ________ the risks of heart disease and lung cancer. A. reduces B. resolves C. restores D. regards 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：戒烟减少心脏病和肺癌的风险。A. reduces减少； B. resolves解决，决心； C. restores恢复，修复； D. regard认为，看待。根据“Giving up smoking”可知，戒烟减少心脏病和肺癌的风险。故选A项。 15. Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, ________ just depending on the teacher. A. rather than B. regardless of C. due to D. in terms of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：鼓励学生掌控自己的学习，而不是只依赖老师。A. rather than 而不是； B. regardless of 不管，不顾；C. due to 由于； D. in terms of 就……而言。根据前半句鼓励学生掌握自己的学习，可知，后半句应该是而不是依赖老师。故选A。 III.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) My father lived a long life and was deeply loved by his wife, three children, eleven grandchildren and a large number of friends. He was smart and quick-headed. When I asked if he’d like to join me on Virgin Airlines, I remember him ___16___replying:“Why not? It’s as close to heaven as I'll ever get”. While he could always make us ___17___ he was also quiet, considerate and full of wonderful ___18___for us so that we could do better. When I was a child,I___19___ myself to the change in Dad’s loose drawer — I didn’t see it as stealing,but rather as just borrowing without a ___20___ to give back and bought chocolate from our local corner shop. One day, while ___21___the shop with my father, the shopkeeper questioned my ___22___spending habits: “Now I don ’t want to get him into any___23___, Mr Branson, but I don’t know where young Richard is getting all his ___24___ from. He’s becoming my best customer — I ___25___ he isn’t stealing it.” Dad ___26___ by looking her straight in the eyes and saying loudly,“ Madam, how dare you___27___my son of stealing?” After we left the shop, my father never spoke a word about the ___28___. However, his deliberate___29___ for the rest of the day expressed everything. The way he ___30___ the situation taught me a hugely effective lesson. I learned that the power of the___31___ words can be frighteningly influential. His___32___ my honesty was more ___33___than if he had scolded me. I also learned the power of ___34___ and second chances. And these lessons have ___35___ me a lot in both life and work. 16. A. nervously B. deliberately C. sensitively D. humorously 17. A. calm B. laugh C. benefit D. reflect 18. A. advice B. patience C. expectation D. appreciation 19. A. led B. sent C. helped D. attracted 20. A. dream B. receipt C. way D. plan 21. A. visiting B. discussing C. exploring D. progressing 22. A. reasonable B. flexible C. usual D. common 23. A. debt B. trouble C. honor D. change 24. A. confidence B. pleasure C. pride D. money 25. A. know B. hope C. admit D. remember 26. A. responded B. exploded C. attacked D. comforted 27. A. express B. inform C. accuse D. warn 28. A. question B. incident C. trip D. shopkeeper 29. A. absence B. sadness C. anger D. silence 30. A. put up with B. kept away from C. dealt with D. lived through 31. A. unspoken B. proper C. meaningful D. enjoyable 32. A. discovering B. losing C. defending D. exhibiting 33. A. concerned B. powerful C. annoying D. frightening 34. A. communication B. friendship C. blame D. forgiveness 35. A. grasped B. benefited C. expressed D. surprised 【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章述了一位有智慧的父亲用无言的力量来教育自己孩子的故事。 【16题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我问他是否愿意加入Virgin Airlines时，我记得他幽默地回答：“为什么不呢?这是我离天堂最近的地方了”A. nervously紧张不安地；B. deliberately故意地；C. sensitively敏感地；D. humorously幽默地。根据下文“Why not? It's as close to heaven as I'll ever get(为什么不呢?这是我离天堂最近的地方了)”可知,父亲的回答是幽默的。故选D项。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他总是能让我们笑，他也安静，体贴，充满了奇妙的建议，我们可以做得更好。A. calm使冷静；B. laugh大笑；C. benefit有利于；D. reflect反射。根据上文第1题可知，父亲说话很幽默，所以此处用laugh表示能让我们“大笑”符合语境。故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. advice建议； B. patience耐心；C. expectation期待；D. appreciation欣赏，感激。根据下文“so that we could do better.(这样我们可以做得更好)”可知，此处指有了好的“建议”我们可以做得更好，所以用advice表示“建议”符合语境。故选A项。 【19题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我还是个孩子的时候，我自己动手在爸爸那只松脱的抽屉里找零钱——我不认为这是偷窃，而认为这只是借来的，没有打算还回去——然后从我们当地的街角小店买了巧克力。A. led领导；B. sent寄派；C. helped帮助；D. attracted吸引。根据下文“myself to the change in Dad's loose drawer(自己在爸爸那只松脱的抽屉里找零钱)”可知，此处用help与myself搭配构成固定短语help oneself to do sth表示“自己动手做某事”符合语境。故选C项。 【20题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. dream梦想；B. receipt收据；C. way方法；D. plan计划。根据下文的“and bought chocolate from our local corner shop.(然后从我们当地的街角小店买了巧克力)”可知，此处用plan指我并没有打算还回去的“计划”符合语境。故选D项。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我和父亲逛商店时，店主问我平时的消费习惯:“布兰森先生，我不想给他惹麻烦，但我不知道小理查德的钱都是从哪儿来的。A. visiting拜访； B. discussing讨论；C. exploring探索；D. progressing取得进步。根据下文“the shopkeeper questioned(店主质疑)”可知，此处指我和父亲“拜访”了商店，符合语境。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。同上。A. reasonable合情合理的；B. flexible灵活的；C. usual通常的；D. common共同的，普通的。根据下文的spending habits可知，此处用usual来修饰spending habits表示符合语境。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。同上。A. debt债务；B. trouble烦恼；C. honor荣誉；D. change改变。根据上文的question可知，店主对我“平常的”消费习惯提出了质疑，所以此处用trouble表示不想使我陷入“麻烦”符合语境。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。同上。A. confidence自信；B. pleasure快乐；C. pride自豪；D. money金钱。根据上文的spending habits可知，消费习惯是和金钱有关，所以此处用money表示理查德所有的“钱”是从哪儿来的，符合语境。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他正在成为我最好的顾客——我希望他不是在偷我的东西。A. know知道；B. hope希望；C. admit承认；D. remember记得。根据下文“he isn't stealing it.(他不是偷东西)”可知，此处用hope表示我“希望”他不是偷我的东西，符合语境。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸直视着她的眼睛，大声说：“夫人，你怎么敢指责我儿子偷东西?”A. responded回应；B. exploded爆炸；C. attacked攻击；D. comforted使舒适。根据下文saying loudly可知，此处用responded表示爸爸做出了“回应”符合句意。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。同上。A. express表达；B. inform告知；C. accuse指责、控告；D. warn警告。分析句意再根据下文的of可知，此处用动词accuse构成固定短语accuse of表示“指责”符合语境。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们离开商店后，父亲对这件事只字未提。A. question问题；B. incident事件；C. trip旅行；D. shopkeeper店主。根据上文“never spoke a word(一句话也没说)”可知，父亲对这件事保持了沉默，所以用incident表示对“这件事”保持沉默，符合语境。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他那天余下的时间里故意保持沉默，说明了一切。A. absence缺席；B. sadness 伤心；C. anger生气；D. silence沉默。根据上文“never spoke a word(一句话也没说)”可知，父亲对这件事保持了沉默，所以此处用silence表示“沉默”符合语境，故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他处理这种情况的方式给我上了非常有效的一课。A. put up with忍受；B. kept away from 远离；C. dealt with处理；D. lived through度过。根据空格后的the situation可知。此处用短语deal with表示“处理”情况，符合语境。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我明白了，无言的力量可能会产生可怕的影响。A. unspoken无言的；B. proper合适的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. enjoyable快乐的。根据上文“never spoke a word(一句话也没说)”可知，此处是指沉默的力量，所以用 unspoken表示“无言的”力量，符合语境。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对我的诚实的防护比责骂我更有力。 A. discovering发现；B. losing丢失；C. defending防护；D. exhibiting展览。根据上文第15题可知，父亲用沉默的方式给我上了一课，所以此处用defending表示这是父亲对我的诚实的“防护”符合语境故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。同上。A. concerned关心的；B. powerful强大的；C. annoying恼人的；D. frightening令人害怕的。根据上文frighteningly influential可知，父亲无言的力量是强大的，所以此处用powerful表示父亲对我的诚实的防护是“强大的”符合语境。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也学会了宽恕和第二次机会的力量。A. communication交际；B. friendship友谊；C. blame责备；D. forgiveness宽恕。根据空格前的power和上文第16题可知，无言的力量会产生巨大影响，这种无言的力量就代表了宽恕的力量，所以此处用forgiveness表示“宽恕”符合语境。故选D项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些经验对我的生活和工作都有很大的帮助。A. grasped抓住；B. benefited有利于；C. expressed表达；D. surprised使惊讶。根据空格前的and可知，此处和上文是并列关系，所以用benefited这个褒义词表示“有利于”我的生活和工作，符合语境。故选B。 IV.阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分) 阅读下面短文，然后从36-55各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Interlibrary Loan (借阅) (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders. How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However, obtaining items that are rare recently published or in high demand may take longer. To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. Length of Loans Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals (续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through II. I Notification (通知)/ Delivery Options For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries the one you selected in the IL Request Form. For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account. Once in your account, select Electronic Articles Received. Interlibrary Loan Fees Library type Loan cost Article/ chapter cost Non-profit Libraries $15 $10 For-profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 36. Who can use the ILL service? A. Former students. B. Guest borrowers. C. Retired teachers. D. Fee-card holders. 37. What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL? A. Pay an extra fee for delivery. B. Renew it before the due date. C. Pick it up at the lending library. D. Return it when it is recalled. 38. How are users notified when a requested physical item arrives? A. By a phone call from the library. B. Through an email. C. By a text message reminder. D. Via a postal letter. 39. What should users do to receive a digital article or book chapter requested through ILL? A. Visit the library in person to collect a printed copy. B. Click the link in the email and log into their ILL account. C. Call the library to request a physical delivery. D. Wait for a librarian to mail a USB drive. 40. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了馆际ILL服务的相关信息，包括可借阅人员、借阅所需时间、借阅期限、通知与交付方式以及费用等内容。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee - card holders.(当前的学生、教师（包括退休教师）和工作人员可以通过馆际互借申请借阅物品。馆际互借不适用于往届学生、客座借阅者或收费卡持有者)”可知，退休教师可以使用ILL服务。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library.(借阅的物品可能会被借出图书馆召回)”可知，通过ILL借阅纸质书的规定是当物品被召回时需要归还。故选D。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives.(对于实体物品，当它到达时，你将通过电子邮件收到通知)”可知，当所借的实体物品到达时，用户是通过电子邮件被通知的。故选B。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account.(对于一篇文章或书籍的一章，当它可用时，你将通过电子邮件收到通知。要获取文章或章节，请点击电子邮件中提供的链接并登录你的馆际ILL账户)”可知，用户要接收通过ILL请求的数字文章或书籍章节，需要点击电子邮件中的链接并登录他们的ILL账户。故选B。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后表格中“International Libraries”对应的“Article/chapter cost”为 “$15”可知，从国际图书馆获取一篇文章的费用是15美元，那么获取两篇文章的费用是$15×2=30美元。故选D。 B “Thank you for your email, I have left to pursue my dream of crocheting (钩编) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office...until my penguin friends are happy.” This is part of an email received by a Chinese student studying in the UK from her tutor, which has recently gone viral online. You may find this email surprising, but knitting sweaters for penguins is a real act of kindness. The idea was started by the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks in Australia. The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly. When little penguins became covered in oil, they tried to clean themselves with their beaks (喙), but eating the oil could be fatal. The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food. To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters worldwide to make sweaters for affected penguins. These sweaters could keep the penguins warm during the cleaning process and stop them from eating the oil. The method has proven effective. In 2001, another oil spill occurred near Phillip Island. Thanks to the sweaters, 96 percent of the affected penguins were successfully saved. However, some people have questioned the idea of animals wearing human-made clothing. Certain bird protection groups have raised concerns that these sweaters might put more stress on the penguins' bodies. In response, the foundation explained that the sweaters are only a short-term solution and will not be used once the penguins recover. To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate (合适的) clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm. 41. How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By telling a joke. B. By describing an email. C. By introducing a tutor. D. By quoting a famous saying. 42. What does the underlined word “fatal” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A. Deadly. B. Common. C. Difficult. D. Temporary. 43. Why was the project of knitting sweaters for penguins started? A. To make penguins look cute. B. To protect penguins from the cold. C. To help penguins affected by oil spills. D. To raise awareness of climate change. 44. What concern have some bird protection groups raised about the penguin sweaters? A. The sweaters are too expensive to produce. B. The sweaters make penguins less visible to predators. C. The sweaters might cause long-term stress for penguins. D. The sweaters are not effective in keeping penguins warm. 45. What does the Penguin Foundation say about the knitting project? A. It will be a long-term solution. B. It brings unexpected benefits. C It inspires a global love of knitting. D. It requires strict size guidelines. 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了企鹅基金会鼓励人们为受漏油影响的企鹅编织毛衣的事情。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段关键句““Thank you for your email, I have left to pursue my dream of crocheting (钩编) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office...until my penguin friends are happy.” (“谢谢你的邮件，我已经离开去追求为南极洲的企鹅编织毛衣的梦想，不再为经济学院工作。我将不在办公室……直到我的企鹅朋友们高兴起来。”)”可知，文章第一段描述了一封电子邮件的内容，发邮件的人打算为南极洲的企鹅编织毛衣，后文介绍了为什么要为企鹅编织毛衣，由此可知，作者通过描述一封电子邮件引出本文的主题。故选B项。 【42题详解】 词句猜测题。根据单词下文“The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food. (油还损坏了它们的羽毛，使它们难以游泳或觅食。)”可知，这里介绍的是油对企鹅造成的危害，再结合生活常识可知，吃油对企鹅的健康有害，可能是致命的，“Deadly”意为“致命的”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly. (该项目始于20世纪90年代末菲利普岛附近的一次严重漏油事件。在此期间，小企鹅的数量和健康状况显著下降。)”和第四段关键句“To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters worldwide to make sweaters for affected penguins. (为了解决这个问题，该基金会要求世界各地的编织者为受影响的企鹅制作毛衣。)”可知，漏油事件导致小企鹅的数量和健康状况显著下降，为了解决这个问题，基金会要求世界各地的编织者为受漏油影响的企鹅编织毛衣，由此可知，为企鹅编织毛衣的项目启动是为了帮助受漏油影响的企鹅。故选C项。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段关键句“However, some people have questioned the idea of animals wearing human-made clothing. Certain bird protection groups have raised concerns that these sweaters might put more stress on the penguins bodies. (然而，一些人质疑动物穿人造衣服的想法。某些鸟类保护组织担心这些毛衣可能会给企鹅的身体带来更大的压力。)”可知，某些鸟类保护组织担心这些毛衣可能会给企鹅的身体带来更大的压力，由此可知，一些鸟类保护组织担心这些毛衣可能会给企鹅带来长期压力。故选C项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate (合适的) clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm. (为了确保企鹅得到保护并穿着合适的衣服，该基金会为编织者提供了详细的说明。例如，成品毛衣的总长度不应超过18cm，横跨身体的宽度不应超过12cm，底部开口的宽度不超过11cm。)”可知，为了确保企鹅得到保护并穿着合适的衣服，该基金会为编织者提供了严格的尺寸准则，例如成品毛衣的总长度不应超过18cm等，由此可知，企鹅基金会对针织项目的看法是它需要严格的尺寸准则。故选D项。 C Promising to be truthful has a real impact on reducing the number of teens who are willing to cheat, according to a new study conducted in India by a research team from the University of Plymouth. The findings, published in the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, suggest that the desire to be honest goes beyond just a fear of social punishment. “Promises are what we call ‘speech acts’ and create commitments by only saying specific words,” said the study’s first author. Dr. Patricia Kanngiesser. So one would think that they have very little binding (约束) power. However, research has shown over and over again that many people do keep their word, even at a personal cost. Cheating and dishonesty, even on a small scale, can weaken trust and lead to costs for others, and society at large. Cheating in academic (学业的) settings is a problem worldwide. As of 2018, 20% of the world’s adolescents (ages 10 to 14) — about 250 million individual — -lived in India and the country’s highly competitive educational system means academic cheating is a concern. The study involved a series of experiments among 640 adolescents to test the effectiveness of inviting participants to promise to be truthful, with points that would later be converted (转化) into prizes as an encouragement. For example, adolescents played a game in which they mentally chose a location in a box with 16 dice (骰子), shook the box and recorded the number of the dice falling in their chosen position. Prizes were based on their total reported scores after fifteen rounds. Since the initial choice was private, opportunistic and unobservable switching to a higher scoring dice was possible. Before the task, the participants were given a choice to promise to be truthful or not. To make promising to be honest more attractive, those who did so received extra points. This gave even potentially dishonest participants a motivation to choose to promise. Control groups of participants could also earn those extra points but did not have to promise. The researchers were able to evaluate the degree of dishonesty by comparing participants’ reported results to what would be statistically expected. Compared to control groups, promises in the study effectively lowered cheating rates, and the authors conclude that they could be a simple tool to reduce dishonest behavior. “This study provides more evidence of that, and suggests promises could be a powerful way of encouraging and sustaining honest behavior in an academic context.” Kanngiesser said. 46. Why was the study conducted in India? A. Because teens in India have a strong desire to be honest. B. Because teenagers in India are under great academic pressure. C. Because teen’s academic cheating is educators’ big concern there. D. Because more and more Indian adolescents don’t always keep their word. 47. How did the researchers carry out their study? A. By giving examples and analyzing data. B. By controlling figures and making classification. C. By making comparisons and explaining causes. D. By doing experiments and making comparisons. 48. Which of the following statements is true in the experiment with dice? A. The adolescents were encouraged to promise to be truthful. B. The effectiveness of promises is not reflected in the experiment. C. It’s impossible for participants to change their original choice of position. D. The degree of dishonesty in the control group was comparatively lower. 49. Why did the researchers offer extra points to participants who promised to be truthful? A To get rid of cheating entirely by making honesty the only rewarding option. B. To make promising more attractive, even to potentially dishonest teens. C. To determine whether higher scores alone, rather than promises, influenced honesty. D. To punish those who refused to promise. 50. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Honesty is a virtue to be followed. B. Promises can actually reduce teen cheating. C. Academic cheating is a worldwide problem. D. Truthfulness is important to getting good scores. 【答案】46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。普利茅斯大学研究表明，在印度开展的实验证实，承诺诚实可有效降低青少年作弊率 。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“As of 2018, 20% of the world’s adolescents (ages 10 to 14) — about 250 million individuals — lived in India and the country’s highly competitive educational system means academic cheating is a concern.(截至2018年，世界上20%的青少年（10至14岁）—— 约2.5亿人—— 生活在印度，该国竞争激烈的教育系统意味着学术作弊是一个令人担忧的问题。)”可知，在印度进行研究是因为印度青少年的学术作弊是教育者的一个大问题。故选C。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The study involved a series of experiments among 640 adolescents to test the effectiveness of inviting participants to promise to be truthful, with points that would later be converted (转化) into prizes as an encouragement.(这项研究对640名青少年进行了一系列实验，以测试邀请参与者承诺诚实的有效性，积分后来会转化为奖品作为鼓励。)”以及倒数第二段“The researchers were able to evaluate the degree of dishonesty by comparing participants’ reported results to what would be statistically expected. Compared to control groups, promises in the study effectively lowered cheating rates, and the authors conclude that they could be a simple tool to reduce dishonest behavior.(研究人员能够通过将参与者报告的结果与统计预期进行比较来评估不诚实的程度。与对照组相比，研究中的承诺有效地降低了作弊率，作者得出结论，承诺可能是减少不诚实行为的一个简单工具。)”可知，研究人员通过做实验和进行比较来开展研究。故选D。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Prizes were based on their total reported scores after fifteen rounds. Since the initial choice was private, opportunistic and unobservable switching to a higher scoring dice was possible.(奖品是基于他们在 15 轮后报告的总分数。由于最初的选择是私密的，机会主义的、无法观察到的换成更高分数的骰子是有可能的。)”和第六段“Before the task, the participants were given a choice to promise to be truthful or not. To make promising to be honest more attractive, those who did so received extra points.(在任务之前，参与者可以选择是否承诺诚实。为了让承诺诚实更有吸引力，那些承诺诚实的人会得到额外的分数。)”可知，青少年被鼓励承诺诚实。故选A。 【49题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“To make promising to be honest more attractive, those who did so received extra points. This gave even potentially dishonest participants a motivation to choose to promise.(为了让承诺诚实更有吸引力，那些承诺诚实的人会得到额外的分数。这甚至给了潜在不诚实的参与者选择承诺的动机。)”可知，给承诺诚实的参与者额外分数是为了让承诺更有吸引力，甚至对潜在不诚实的青少年也是如此。故选B。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文特别是文章第一段“Promising to be truthful has a real impact on reducing the number of teens who are willing to cheat, according to a new study conducted in India by a research team from the University of Plymouth.(根据普利茅斯大学的一个研究团队在印度进行的一项新研究，承诺诚实对减少愿意作弊的青少年数量有真正的影响。)”以及最后一段“‘This study provides more evidence of that, and suggests promises could be a powerful way of encouraging and sustaining honest behavior in an academic context.’ Kanngiesser said.(‘这项研究提供了更多这方面的证据，并表明承诺可能是在学术环境中鼓励和维持诚实行为的一种有力方式。’坎吉瑟说。)”可知，文章主要讲普利茅斯大学研究表明，在印度开展的实验证实，承诺诚实可有效降低青少年作弊率 。所以B项Promises can actually reduce teen cheating(承诺实际上可以减少青少年作弊)符合语境。故选B。 D Virtue, by definition, is the moral excellence of a person. Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good. They are honest, respectful, generous, forgiving and kind, for example. They do the right thing, and don’t bend to impulses, urges or desires, but act according to values and principles. Some might say good qualities are inborn. Actually, virtues need to be cultivated. With the habit of being virtuous, we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. Virtues are universal and recognized by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being. However, practicing virtues is not easy. So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals, and we still never get there. We know that if we forgive, we’ll be less angry. We know it takes courage to accomplish great things. So why then, if we know what to do, are we still stuck? We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples: kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport; trust in a relationship creates valuable, meaningful relationships; gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career; service to others can change lives, better neighborhoods and create stronger nations. We know we are becoming more virtuous people, not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us. Our friends, families, co-workers, and neighbors will trust and rely on us. They will come to us for guidance and help. They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people. Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life. 51. What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph? A. They are born with goodness and do not need self-improvement. B. They always prioritize personal happiness over moral principles. C. They have a habit of doing good. D. They act on the principle of profit. 52. Which of the following is right? A. Virtues are culturally specific and not universally applicable. B. Practicing virtue helps people gain greater joy and fulfillment. C. Virtue guarantees material success which leads to happiness. D. Most people are naturally dishonest and must learn virtue. 53. How does practicing virtues affect relationships, according to the passage? A. It makes people more competitive and less trusting of others. B. It leads others to trust, rely on, and seek guidance from virtuous individuals. C. It ensures financial success, which strengthens social bonds. D. It requires people to abandon personal goals for the sake of others. 54. What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph? A. A good greeting. B. A great atmosphere. C. A good goodbye. D. A close relationship. 55. What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph? A. To encourage readers to be more virtuous. B. To encourage readers to live a purposeful life. C. To encourage readers to offer others guidance. D. To encourage readers to develop others’ potential. 【答案】51. C 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美德的定义、特点、作用以及实践美德的意义。美德是指一个人的道德卓越，具有诚实、尊重、慷慨等良好品质，且需要培养。实践美德虽不易，但能带来积极影响，如改善人际关系、提升自我等。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good. They are honest, respectful, generous, forgiving and kind, for example. They do the right thing, and don’t bend to impulses, urges or desires, but act according to values and principles. (道德高尚的人具备由被视为美好的美德所构成的品格。例如，他们诚实、尊重他人、慷慨、宽容且善良。他们做正确的事，不屈从于冲动、欲望或渴求，而是依据价值观和原则行事。)”以及第二段“With the habit of being virtuous, we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. (拥有从善的习惯，我们就能掌控自己的生活，朝着更幸福、更有成就感的方向前进。)”可知，有美德的人有做好事的习惯，他们依据价值观和原则行事，养成美德的习惯能让生活更幸福和充实。故选C项。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“With the habit of being virtuous, we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. (拥有从善的习惯，我们就能掌控自己的生活，朝着更幸福、更有成就感的方向前进。)”以及最后一段“Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life. (践行美德能让我们挖掘自身潜力，过上更有意义、更美好的生活。)”可知，实践美德能帮助人们获得更大的快乐和成就感，让人们发挥潜力，过上更有意义、更好的生活。故选B项。 【53题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Our friends, families, co-workers, and neighbors will trust and rely on us. They will come to us for guidance and help. (我们的朋友、家人、同事和邻居会信任并依赖我们。他们会向我们寻求指导和帮助。)”可知，实践美德会让其他人信任、依赖有美德的人，并向他们寻求指导和帮助。故选B项。 【54题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词所在句中的“kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport (对正经历糟糕一天的人表达善意，能让他或她展露笑容，并建立rapport。)”可知，对心情不好的人友善能让其微笑，所以此处“build rapport”应是指建立良好的关系，即“rapport”意思是“亲密的关系”。故选D项。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life. (践行美德能让我们发挥自身潜力，过上更有意义、更美好的生活。)”以及前文对实践美德好处的描述可知，作者在最后一段的目的是鼓励读者变得更有美德，因为实践美德能让人们发挥潜力，过上更有意义、更好的生活。故选A项。 第二部分：书面表达 第一节：阅读表达 (每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I'm no literary luddite (反对新技术的人). I bought an iPad with my first paycheck from my first full time job after I graduated college. But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn't the right reading experience for me. Technology lovers choose e-readers over books because e readers are more convenient. They're right. It is objectively easier to carry an 7oz. tablet with thousands and thousands of books at your fingertips than it is to carry five books in your bag (which is exactly what I did on vacation). But I don't read for convenience. I read to learn more about the world and myself. I have made friends by seeing a book cover in a cafe and noticing that it was the same title that I was reading. I can trace my life by the books that have been my companions. When I open an old book and come across my previously scribbled notes — shaky ones when I've been reading on the subway, covered in sand if I read it at the beach, next to a train ticket if I was traveling — I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to re-read. It's just not enough to simply consuming the story, which is what e-readers are great for. When I read paper books, I hold onto them for long periods of time. I just purchased a new bookshelf specially for my “to be read” pile. Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul. Physical books may not be the most efficient medium, but they are the most meaningful. So keep your Kindle, by all means. But I'll be happy hoarding with my library. 56. Why did the author give his iPad to his brother? (no more than 10 words) 57. What is the second paragraph mainly about? (no more than 6 words) 58. Which word can take the place of the underlined word in paragraph 3? (1 word) 59. When the author has to give away some books, how does he feel about it? (no more than 15 words) 60. Do you like e-readers or physical books? Please explain your opinion. (no more than 25 words)(open) 【答案】56. Because he didn't like reading on the device . Because it couldn't give him the right reading experience . Because reading on the device couldn't help trace his life . Because it couldn't add personal depth and experience to stories . 57. The advantage of e-readers . Why the technology lovers choose e-readers. 58. Reading 59. He feels that he is giving away (a) part of his soul. He feels that he is parting with (a) part of his soul. He feels that it is like giving away/ paring with (a) part of his soul. 60. Possible answers： I like reading physical books, because they are like my companions and more meaningful to me. I like reading e-readers, because they are very convenient for me to lake them anywhere. 【解析】 【分析】本文是议论文。作者通过讲述自己的阅读习惯，介绍了自己选择纸质书籍的原因，认为物理书籍可能不是最有效的媒介，但它们是最有意义的。 【56题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn't the right reading experience for me.( 但经过两年偶尔在这个设备上的阅读以后，我把它交给了我哥哥。 对我来说这不是正确的阅读体验)”以及第三段的“I can trace my life by the books that have been my companions.（我可以用一直陪伴我的书来追踪我的生活。）”和“I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to re-read.( 我能够增加一个额外的个人深度和经验到我即将重新阅读的故事中。)”可知，作者把自己的ipad给了弟弟，是因为他不喜欢在这个设备上阅读，这不是他正确的阅读体验，在设备上阅读不能跟踪他的生活，不能增添个人深度和经验到书籍上去。故答案为Because he didn't like reading on the device ./Because it couldn't give him the right reading experience ./Because reading on the device couldn't help trace his life ./Because it couldn't add personal depth and experience to stories . 【57题详解】 考查主旨大意。根据第二段的“Technology lovers choose e-readers over books because e readers are more convenient. They're right. It is objectively easier to carry an 7oz. tablet with thousands and thousands of books at your fingertips than it is to carry five books in your bag（科技爱好者选择电子阅读器而不是书籍，因为电子阅读器更方便。他们是对的。比起把五本书装在你的包里，客观上携带7盎司重的平板电脑更容易，成千上万本书触手可得）”可知，第二段主要讲述电子阅读器的优点，爱好科技的人为什么喜欢选择电子阅读器。故答案为The advantage of e-readers ./Why the technology lovers choose e-readers. 【58题详解】 考查词义猜测。上文“I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to re-read.( 我能够增加额外的个人深度和体验到我即将重新阅读的故事中)”可知，重读已经读过的故事，作者增加了个人的认识深度，以及体验，因此推断作者不只是简单的读这个故事，即划线词词义为“阅读”，可以用reading代替。根据字数限制，故答案为Reading。 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段的“Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul.（偶尔，我会经历一个决定捐赠哪些书的过程，但通常与一本书分开的想法就像赠送我灵魂的一部分）”可知，当作者必须捐赠一些书籍时，他感觉就像与自己的灵魂分离。故答案为He feels that he is giving away (a) part of his soul./He feels that he is parting with (a) part of his soul./He feels that it is like giving away/ paring with (a) part of his soul. 【60题详解】 考查推理判断。本题是开放性试题。只要合情合理，符合字数要求即可。故参考答案为I like reading physical books, because they are like my companions and more meaningful to me./I like reading e-readers, because they are very convenient for me to lake them anywhere. 第二节：根据首字母和汉语提示，写出下列单词(共10小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分) 61. He made a very positive c______________ (贡献) to the success of the project. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】contribution##ontribution 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：他对这个项目的成功做出了非常积极的贡献。此处为名词作宾语，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“贡献”用可数名词contribution，由空前a可知，应用单数形式。故填contribution。 62. It gives you a sense of a_____________(成就) if you actually make it to the end of a very long book. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】achievement##chievement 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你真的读完了一本很长的书，它会给你一种成就感。根据单词首字母以及句意“成就”可知，空格处涉及单词“achievement”，意为“成就”，表示抽象概念时，为不可数名词，在句中作宾语。故填achievement。 63. She r_________(推荐) a good book about rare species to me yesterday. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】recommended##ecommended 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：她昨天向我推荐了一本关于珍稀物种的好书。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“推荐”应用recommend，为动词，在本句中作谓语，且由yesterday可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填recommended。 64. Her doctor was at f________(错误) for not sending her straight to a specialist. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】fault##ault 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的医生没有把她直接送到专家那里，这是她的错。根据单词首字母以及句意“错误”可知，空格处应用单词“fault”，意为“错误”，名词词性，在句中作宾语，“at fault”意为“有过错”。故填fault。 65. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from______(灭绝). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】extinction 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：今天，随着我们对鲨鱼的了解越来越多，越来越多的人希望保护它们免受灭绝。根据汉语提示“灭绝”及前文from可知，此处应用名词extinction作介词宾语，抽象概念，不可数。故填extinction。 66. The company struggled to j________ (为……辩护) the high prices of its products to the customers. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】justify##ustify 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：该公司努力向顾客证明其产品的高价是合理的。根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“为……辩护”用动词justify，struggle to do sth.为固定短语，意为“努力做某事”，所以此处用动词原形。故填justify。 67. The a__________(平均) age of Chinese has reached(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】average##verage 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：中国人的平均年龄已经达到一定的年龄。“平均的”为“average”，作定语，修饰名词age。故填average。 68. The plant r__________(释放) large amounts of chemicals from the leaves. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】releases##eleases 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：这种植物从叶子中释放出大量的化学物质。根据单词首字母以及句意“释放”可知，空格处涉及单词“release”，意为“释放”，动词词性，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“plant”为可数名词单数，故空格处应用“release”的三单形式“releases”。故填releases。 69. F____________ (幸运地是), curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】Fortunately##ortunately 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，好奇心和不满不需要学习。此处为副词作状语，根据首字母以及中文提示可知，表示“幸运地是”用副词fortunately，来修饰整个句子，因位于句首，完整拼写时首字母应大写。故填Fortunately。 70. A talented artist he was, m___________(此外), a writer of some note. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】moreover##oreover 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：他是一位才华横溢的艺术家，此外，还是一位颇有名气的作家。根据单词首字母以及句意“此外”可知，空格处应用单词“moreover”，意为“此外”，副词词性，在句中作状语。故填moreover。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高一英语 第一部分：英语知识运用 I：听力测试：共两节(每小题1分，满分10分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。从题中所给的A、B、C选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. When will the man leave? A. On Tuesday B. On Wednesday C. On Friday 2. What does the woman suggest they do? A. Take the bus B. See another show C. Walk to the theater. 3. How does the woman feel now? A. Relaxed B. Nervous C. Bored 4. What does the man mean? A. He can’t give her a ride. B. He can’t write a speech. C. He can’t find the museum. 5. What does the man think of the play? A. Too short. B. Quite good. C. Disappointing 第二节 (共10小题;每小题0.5分，满分5分) 听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段材料读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。 6. Where is the woman going? A. To a history class. B. To the swimming pool. C. To the professor’s office. 7. Why can’t the man go with the woman now? A. He has to finish a paper. B. He has to take a math test. C. He has to speak with a professor. 8. What does the woman offer to do for the man? A. Teach him how to write a poem B. Help him with his studies C. Lend him a textbook. 听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。 9. Why does the man want to buy a bike? A. To go on a tour B. To enter a race C. To get some exercise 10. What does the woman suggest the man buy? A. A motorbike B. A used bike C. A top-class bike 11. What does the woman tell the man to consider first in choosing his bike? A. Comfort B. Price C. Quality 听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。 12. When was the party originally planned to end? A. At 6 am B. At 9:30 pm C. At midnight 13. Who will benefit from the door money? A. Some sick children B. The club owner C. The organizer 14. What is the invitation used as? A. A ticket for free drinks B. A reminder of the party C. A membership card 15. What is the purpose of the talk? A. To introduce a club B. To explain some rules C. To announce some changes II.单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 1. —Is Mr. Pearl available, please? — _________ . I'll just see if he is in the office. A. After you B. Hang on C. With pleasure D. Go ahead 2. When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt ________ from outside world. A. carried out B. broken down C. cut off D. brought up 3. ________ you fully understand the instructions of the experiment, your life won’t be secured. A. When B. If C. Once D. Unless 4. —You shouldn’t have let your daughter come home alone late at night. —You are right. Luckily, she________her friends on the way home. A. has met B. had met C. met D. would meet 5. At present, yoga, along with deep breathing exercises and Taichi, ________ as one of the most beneficial activities for health and wellness. A. was seen B. is seen C. were seen D. are seen 6. Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when _________ in large amounts or after 2 pm. A. consumed B. being consumed C. consuming D. having consumed 7. It ______ heavily all day and we have no option but to cancel the meeting. A. is raining B. has been raining C. will be raining D. was raining 8. William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A. from which B. in which C. with whom D. for whom 9. volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. A. To study B. Studying C. Having studied D. Studied 10. There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent. A. used B. using C. to use D. to be used 11. I promise to ________ my neighbour by watering her garden while she was on vacation. A. let down B. help out C. turn down D. die down 12. The publisher is responsible for getting the necessary________ to reproduce the illustration. A. registration B. confirmation C. permission D. destination 13. The city is promoting ________development by investing renewable energy. A. reusable B. adjustable C. incredible D. sustainable 14. Giving up smoking ________ the risks of heart disease and lung cancer. A. reduces B. resolves C. restores D. regards 15. Students are encouraged to take control of their own learning, ________ just depending on the teacher. A. rather than B. regardless of C. due to D. in terms of III.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分) My father lived a long life and was deeply loved by his wife, three children, eleven grandchildren and a large number of friends. He was smart and quick-headed. When I asked if he’d like to join me on Virgin Airlines, I remember him ___16___replying:“Why not? It’s as close to heaven as I'll ever get”. While he could always make us ___17___ he was also quiet, considerate and full of wonderful ___18___for us so that we could do better. When I was a child,I___19___ myself to the change in Dad’s loose drawer — I didn’t see it as stealing,but rather as just borrowing without a ___20___ to give back and bought chocolate from our local corner shop. One day, while ___21___the shop with my father, the shopkeeper questioned my ___22___spending habits: “Now I don ’t want to get him into any___23___, Mr Branson, but I don’t know where young Richard is getting all his ___24___ from. He’s becoming my best customer — I ___25___ he isn’t stealing it.” Dad ___26___ by looking her straight in the eyes and saying loudly,“ Madam, how dare you___27___my son of stealing?” After we left the shop, my father never spoke a word about the ___28___. However, his deliberate___29___ for the rest of the day expressed everything. The way he ___30___ the situation taught me a hugely effective lesson. I learned that the power of the___31___ words can be frighteningly influential. His___32___ my honesty was more ___33___than if he had scolded me. I also learned the power of ___34___ and second chances. And these lessons have ___35___ me a lot in both life and work. 16. A. nervously B. deliberately C. sensitively D. humorously 17 A. calm B. laugh C. benefit D. reflect 18. A. advice B. patience C. expectation D. appreciation 19. A. led B. sent C. helped D. attracted 20. A. dream B. receipt C. way D. plan 21. A. visiting B. discussing C. exploring D. progressing 22. A. reasonable B. flexible C. usual D. common 23. A. debt B. trouble C. honor D. change 24. A. confidence B. pleasure C. pride D. money 25. A. know B. hope C. admit D. remember 26. A. responded B. exploded C. attacked D. comforted 27. A. express B. inform C. accuse D. warn 28. A. question B. incident C. trip D. shopkeeper 29. A. absence B. sadness C. anger D. silence 30. A. put up with B. kept away from C. dealt with D. lived through 31. A. unspoken B. proper C. meaningful D. enjoyable 32. A. discovering B. losing C. defending D. exhibiting 33. A. concerned B. powerful C. annoying D. frightening 34. A. communication B. friendship C. blame D. forgiveness 35. A. grasped B. benefited C. expressed D. surprised IV.阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分) 阅读下面短文，然后从36-55各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Interlibrary Loan (借阅) (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders. How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However, obtaining items that are rare recently published or in high demand may take longer. To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. Length of Loans Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals (续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through II. I Notification (通知)/ Delivery Options For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries the one you selected in the IL Request Form. For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account. Once in your account, select Electronic Articles Received. Interlibrary Loan Fees Library type Loan cost Article/ chapter cost Non-profit Libraries $15 $10 For-profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 36. Who can use the ILL service? A. Former students. B. Guest borrowers. C. Retired teachers. D. Fee-card holders. 37. What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL? A. Pay an extra fee for delivery. B. Renew it before the due date. C. Pick it up at the lending library. D. Return it when it is recalled. 38. How are users notified when a requested physical item arrives? A. By a phone call from the library. B. Through an email. C. By a text message reminder. D. Via a postal letter. 39. What should users do to receive a digital article or book chapter requested through ILL? A. Visit the library in person to collect a printed copy. B. Click the link in the email and log into their ILL account. C. Call the library to request a physical delivery. D. Wait for a librarian to mail a USB drive. 40. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. B “Thank you for your email, I have left to pursue my dream of crocheting (钩编) sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics. I will be out of office...until my penguin friends are happy.” This is part of an email received by a Chinese student studying in the UK from her tutor, which has recently gone viral online. You may find this email surprising, but knitting sweaters for penguins is a real act of kindness. The idea was started by the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks in Australia. The project began due to a serious oil spill near Phillip Island in the late 1990s. During that time, the number and health of baby penguins dropped significantly. When little penguins became covered in oil, they tried to clean themselves with their beaks (喙), but eating the oil could be fatal. The oil also damaged their feathers, making it difficult for them to swim or hunt for food. To solve this problem, the foundation asked knitters worldwide to make sweaters for affected penguins. These sweaters could keep the penguins warm during the cleaning process and stop them from eating the oil. The method has proven effective. In 2001, another oil spill occurred near Phillip Island. Thanks to the sweaters, 96 percent of the affected penguins were successfully saved. However, some people have questioned the idea of animals wearing human-made clothing. Certain bird protection groups have raised concerns that these sweaters might put more stress on the penguins' bodies. In response, the foundation explained that the sweaters are only a short-term solution and will not be used once the penguins recover. To ensure the penguins are protected and wearing appropriate (合适的) clothes, the foundation has provided detailed instructions for knitters. For example, the total length of the finished sweater should be no more than 18cm, the width across the body no more than 12 cm and the width of the bottom opening no more than 11 cm. 41 How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A. By telling a joke. B. By describing an email. C. By introducing a tutor. D. By quoting a famous saying. 42. What does the underlined word “fatal” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A. Deadly. B. Common. C. Difficult. D. Temporary. 43. Why was the project of knitting sweaters for penguins started? A. To make penguins look cute. B. To protect penguins from the cold. C. To help penguins affected by oil spills. D. To raise awareness of climate change. 44. What concern have some bird protection groups raised about the penguin sweaters? A. The sweaters are too expensive to produce. B. The sweaters make penguins less visible to predators. C. The sweaters might cause long-term stress for penguins. D. The sweaters are not effective in keeping penguins warm. 45. What does the Penguin Foundation say about the knitting project? A. It will be a long-term solution. B. It brings unexpected benefits. C. It inspires a global love of knitting. D. It requires strict size guidelines. C Promising to be truthful has a real impact on reducing the number of teens who are willing to cheat, according to a new study conducted in India by a research team from the University of Plymouth. The findings, published in the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, suggest that the desire to be honest goes beyond just a fear of social punishment. “Promises are what we call ‘speech acts’ and create commitments by only saying specific words,” said the study’s first author. Dr. Patricia Kanngiesser. So one would think that they have very little binding (约束) power. However, research has shown over and over again that many people do keep their word, even at a personal cost. Cheating and dishonesty, even on a small scale, can weaken trust and lead to costs for others, and society at large. Cheating in academic (学业的) settings is a problem worldwide. As of 2018, 20% of the world’s adolescents (ages 10 to 14) — about 250 million individual — -lived in India and the country’s highly competitive educational system means academic cheating is a concern. The study involved a series of experiments among 640 adolescents to test the effectiveness of inviting participants to promise to be truthful, with points that would later be converted (转化) into prizes as an encouragement. For example, adolescents played a game in which they mentally chose a location in a box with 16 dice (骰子), shook the box and recorded the number of the dice falling in their chosen position. Prizes were based on their total reported scores after fifteen rounds. Since the initial choice was private, opportunistic and unobservable switching to a higher scoring dice was possible. Before the task, the participants were given a choice to promise to be truthful or not. To make promising to be honest more attractive, those who did so received extra points. This gave even potentially dishonest participants a motivation to choose to promise. Control groups of participants could also earn those extra points but did not have to promise. The researchers were able to evaluate the degree of dishonesty by comparing participants’ reported results to what would be statistically expected. Compared to control groups, promises in the study effectively lowered cheating rates, and the authors conclude that they could be a simple tool to reduce dishonest behavior. “This study provides more evidence of that, and suggests promises could be a powerful way of encouraging and sustaining honest behavior in an academic context.” Kanngiesser said. 46. Why was the study conducted in India? A. Because teens in India have a strong desire to be honest. B. Because teenagers in India are under great academic pressure. C. Because teen’s academic cheating is educators’ big concern there. D. Because more and more Indian adolescents don’t always keep their word. 47. How did the researchers carry out their study? A. By giving examples and analyzing data. B. By controlling figures and making classification. C. By making comparisons and explaining causes. D. By doing experiments and making comparisons. 48. Which of the following statements is true in the experiment with dice? A. The adolescents were encouraged to promise to be truthful. B. The effectiveness of promises is not reflected in the experiment. C. It’s impossible for participants to change their original choice of position. D The degree of dishonesty in the control group was comparatively lower. 49. Why did the researchers offer extra points to participants who promised to be truthful? A. To get rid of cheating entirely by making honesty the only rewarding option. B. To make promising more attractive, even to potentially dishonest teens. C. To determine whether higher scores alone, rather than promises, influenced honesty. D. To punish those who refused to promise. 50. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Honesty is a virtue to be followed. B. Promises can actually reduce teen cheating. C. Academic cheating is a worldwide problem. D. Truthfulness is important to getting good scores. D Virtue, by definition, is the moral excellence of a person. Morally excellent people have a character made up of virtues valued as good. They are honest, respectful, generous, forgiving and kind, for example. They do the right thing, and don’t bend to impulses, urges or desires, but act according to values and principles. Some might say good qualities are inborn. Actually, virtues need to be cultivated. With the habit of being virtuous, we can take control of our lives and move them in the direction of greater happiness and fulfillment. Virtues are universal and recognized by all cultures as basic qualities of well-being. However, practicing virtues is not easy. So often we know that it takes perseverance to reach our goals, and we still never get there. We know that if we forgive, we’ll be less angry. We know it takes courage to accomplish great things. So why then, if we know what to do, are we still stuck? We have not yet consciously applied a virtue to a given situation so as to change its outcome such as in these examples: kindness towards someone who is having a bad day can make him or her smile and build rapport; trust in a relationship creates valuable, meaningful relationships; gratitude for a job loss can shift our focus from feeling low to how we can have a more fulfilling career; service to others can change lives, better neighborhoods and create stronger nations. We know we are becoming more virtuous people, not only because of the results above but also because of the way other people respond to us. Our friends, families, co-workers, and neighbors will trust and rely on us. They will come to us for guidance and help. They will want to be around us because we inspire them to be better people. Practicing virtues allows us to develop our potential, and live a more purposeful, better life. 51. What can we know about virtuous people from the first paragraph? A. They are born with goodness and do not need self-improvement. B They always prioritize personal happiness over moral principles. C. They have a habit of doing good. D. They act on the principle of profit. 52. Which of the following is right? A. Virtues are culturally specific and not universally applicable. B. Practicing virtue helps people gain greater joy and fulfillment. C. Virtue guarantees material success which leads to happiness. D. Most people are naturally dishonest and must learn virtue. 53. How does practicing virtues affect relationships, according to the passage? A. It makes people more competitive and less trusting of others. B. It leads others to trust, rely on, and seek guidance from virtuous individuals. C. It ensures financial success, which strengthens social bonds. D. It requires people to abandon personal goals for the sake of others. 54. What does the underlined word “rapport” mean in the third paragraph? A. A good greeting. B. A great atmosphere. C. A good goodbye. D. A close relationship. 55. What is the author’s purpose in the last paragraph? A To encourage readers to be more virtuous. B. To encourage readers to live a purposeful life. C. To encourage readers to offer others guidance. D. To encourage readers to develop others’ potential. 第二部分：书面表达 第一节：阅读表达 (每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 I'm no literary luddite (反对新技术的人). I bought an iPad with my first paycheck from my first full time job after I graduated college. But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn't the right reading experience for me. Technology lovers choose e-readers over books because e readers are more convenient. They're right. It is objectively easier to carry an 7oz. tablet with thousands and thousands of books at your fingertips than it is to carry five books in your bag (which is exactly what I did on vacation). But I don't read for convenience. I read to learn more about the world and myself. I have made friends by seeing a book cover in a cafe and noticing that it was the same title that I was reading. I can trace my life by the books that have been my companions. When I open an old book and come across my previously scribbled notes — shaky ones when I've been reading on the subway, covered in sand if I read it at the beach, next to a train ticket if I was traveling — I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to re-read. It's just not enough to simply consuming the story, which is what e-readers are great for. When I read paper books, I hold onto them for long periods of time. I just purchased a new bookshelf specially for my “to be read” pile. Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul. Physical books may not be the most efficient medium, but they are the most meaningful. So keep your Kindle, by all means. But I'll be happy hoarding with my library. 56. Why did the author give his iPad to his brother? (no more than 10 words) 57. What is the second paragraph mainly about? (no more than 6 words) 58. Which word can take the place of the underlined word in paragraph 3? (1 word) 59. When the author has to give away some books, how does he feel about it? (no more than 15 words) 60. Do you like e-readers or physical books? Please explain your opinion. (no more than 25 words)(open) 第二节：根据首字母和汉语提示，写出下列单词(共10小题，每小题0.5分，满分5分) 61. He made a very positive c______________ (贡献) to the success of the project. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 62. It gives you a sense of a_____________(成就) if you actually make it to the end of a very long book. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 63. She r_________(推荐) a good book about rare species to me yesterday. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 64. Her doctor was at f________(错误) for not sending her straight to a specialist. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 65. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from______(灭绝). (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 66. The company struggled to j________ (为……辩护) the high prices of its products to the customers. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 67. The a__________(平均的) age of Chinese has reached(根据中英文提示单词拼写) 68. The plant r__________(释放) large amounts of chemicals from the leaves. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 69. F____________ (幸运地是), curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 70. A talented artist, he was, m___________(此外), a writer of some note. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$