专题03 阅读理解说明文（内蒙古专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期末真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解说明文 （一） （内蒙古部分名校2023-2024高二下期末试题） Plants have been important to humans since ancient times. They give us food, clothes and shelter. Their beauty brings us happiness, and many plants can also cure us. Recently, scientists found a plant that can better clean polluted air. Scientists at a research institution in the UK studied how well plants can capture (捕获) pollution from cars. Car exhaust fumes (汽车尾气), as well as tire and brake particles, cause many health problems. Since previous research has shown that trees help remove air  pollution, researchers decided to test three types of plants: hawthorn, western red cedar, and franchet’s cotoneaster (西南枸子). Researchers found that franchet’s cotoneaster was the best at capturing pollution. This is because of its hairy and complex leaf structure. They also discovered that thick barriers over six feet high were the best at reducing pollution. In areas with heavy traffic, franchet’s cotoneaster absorbed 20% more pollution than the other plants. A co-author of the study said, “We know that in just seven days, a 1-meter length of well-managed thick barrier will capture the same amount of pollution that a car emits (排放) over a 500-mile drive.” The researchers recommend planting franchet’s cotoneaster along busy roads. This is great news for city planners, landscapers, and gardeners. Originally from China, franchet’s cotoneaster is a hardy evergreen that can survive temperatures as low as -23℃. It grows well in the UK and can also grow well in places like California, the Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, and around the Great Lakes. Thanks to this study, franchet’s cotoneaster has shown to be very useful. It allows gardeners and landscapers to help the environment. When these super plants are grown in urban gardens, on streets, and along highways, they will clean the air and add beauty to the surroundings. 1．Which aspect of plants is mainly mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Varieties of plants. B．Living environment. C．Benefits of plants. D．Medical properties. 2．Why is franchet’s cotoneaster effective in capturing pollution? A．It requires less water. B．It is taller than other plants. C．It grows faster than other plants. D．It has hair y and complex leaf structures. 3．What can we infer about franchet’s cotoneaster from paragraph 5? A．They will be planted less by gardeners. B．They will be imported more from China. C．They can adjust to the cold temperature. D．They should be planted in correct places. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To highlight the environmental benefits of franchet’s cotoneaster. B．To describe the appearance of franchet’s cotoneaster. C．To compare franchet’s cotoneaster with other plants. D．To explain how to plant franchet’s cotoneaster. （二） （内蒙古部分名校2023-2024高二下期末试题） The rapid melting of the ice sheets at the top of Greenland and Antarctica, as measured by satellite-based gravitational measurements, is shifting more mass toward Earth’s waistline. And the extra increase is slowing the planet’s rotation (自转). That climate-change-driven mass shift is throwing a new challenge into international timekeeping standards. The internationally agreed-upon coordinated (协调) universal time, or UTC, is set by atomic clocks, but that time is regularly adjusted to match Earth’s actual rotation. Earth’s rotation isn’t always smooth sailing—the speed of the planet’s spin changes depending on a variety of factors, including gravitational drag from the sun and the moon, changes to the rotation speed of Earth’s core, friction (摩擦) between ocean waters and the seafloor, and shifts in the planet’s distribution of mass around its surface. But the impact of the quake is much smaller than that of the ice sheets’ melting. Humankind has done something that affects, measurably, the rotation rate of the entire Earth. The need for occasional tweaks to the synchronization (同步) of atomic clocks and Earth’s rotation gave birth to the “leap second” in 1972, an extra tick that international timekeepers agreed to add to UTC as needed. Timekeepers have added 27 leap seconds to the clock since the idea was introduced. The slightly slower rotation has actually delayed the need for timekeeping changes by a few years—in fact, as a result of this change, the last time a leap second was required to be added was in 2016. At the moment, in fact, Earth’s rotation and atomic clocks are nearly in sync. “But the study suggests that, thanks to climate change, global timekeepers now have an extra two or three years before they need to adjust,” notes geophysicist Jerry X. Mitrovica of Harvard University. “But no realistic projections of future melting can prevent the unavoidable beyond 2030. One way or another, the world is going to have to start losing time—or international timekeeping rules are due for an update,” Mitrovica adds. 1．What is causing the change in Earth’s rotation speed? A．Friction between ocean and land. B．Melting of ice sheets at Earth’s poles. C．Gravitational drag from Earth. D．Direction of spin of Earth’s core. 2．What does the underlined word “tweaks” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Investigations. B．Adjustments. C．Objections. D．Applications. 3．What is a result of slower rotation of Earth? A．International timekeeping study will disappear. B．“Leap second” will be put into use more frequently. C．Wider gaps will arise between UTC and atomic clocks. D．International timekeeping rules will have to be revised. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Atomic Clocks Matter In Global Timekeeping B．Earth’s Rotation Affects The Accuracy Of Time C．Climate Change Is Affecting How We Keep Time D．Earth’s Slower Rotation Worsens Climate Change （三） （内蒙古自治区赤峰市2023-2024高二下期末试题） Eve O. Schaub is the author of Year of No Garbage: Recycling Lies, Plastic Problems, and One Woman’s Trashy Journey to Zero Waste. She calls on people to stop “recycling” plastic. According to her, plastic, as a material, is not recyclable, and the very best thing we can do to celebrate Earth Day this year is to acknowledge that fact. This seems against the common sense. We’ve been told for decades that the answer to the plastic-waste crisis is more, better recycling: If only we sorted better! If only we had better access to recycling technologies! If only we washed and dried our plastics more adequately! This is all a smokescreen, designed to distract us from the truth that plastic recycling—if by “recycling” we mean turning a used material into a new material of similar value and function —is a myth. Unlike paper, glass and metal, plastic is not easily, efficiently turned into new products. What passes for “recycling” plastic is costly, energy-intensive and toxic (有毒的). On top of all that, the process requires the addition of a shocking amount of new virgin plastic— around 70 percent—to hold the newly formed plastic items together. As a result, only about 5 percent of plastic gets “recycled”, compared that with a 68 percent recycling rate for paper and cardboard. Considering that, as a society, we’ve been actively trying to get better at plastic recycling since the 1970s, 5 percent represents an extremely clear failure. Many environmentalists will oppose this claim. They might correctly point out that plastics labeled with the resin (树脂) identification code of 1 or 2 have a higher measure of recycling success: about 30 percent. Shouldn’t we support recycling at least this kind of plastic? For a long time, I thought so. But this brings us to another myth: that plastic is harmless to human health. What many people do not know is that plastic is made from two ingredients: fossil fuels and toxic chemicals. What’s worse, there are tens of thousands of chemicals involved in the production of plastic, most of which have never been tested for their effects on human health, although many are known to be harmful to some degree. What this means is that even if we were to get better at recycling plastic, we shouldn’t want to. 1．What can we know according to Eve O. Schaub? A．The best thing to celebrate Earth Day is to recycle plastic. B．Many people are aware of the high costs of recycling plastic. C．Many people have a wrong understanding of plastic recycling. D．The effective way to solve plastic crisis is to recycle more and better. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．Plastic “recyclıng” process is relatively successful. B．We should be more active in improving plastic recycling. C．Plastic “recycling” is, at heart, an empty, performative gesture. D．We need to add 70% plastic to the recycled to create new products. 3．What is the author most likely to talk about next? A．The plastics’ harmful effects on humans. B．The promising future for recycled plastics C．The follow-up studies on recycling plastic. D．The specific approaches to recycling plastic. 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．Improve the Recycling Rate of Plastic B．Don’t Ignore Harmful Plastic Products C．More Advisable Ways to Recycle Plastic D．Don’t Waste Your Time Recycling Plastic （四） （内蒙古呼伦贝尔市满洲里市第一中学2022-2023高二下期末试题） With intelligent systems and new-age transit networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “internet of things” (IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents. But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they’re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. “One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,” said Mrinalini Ingram, head of a telecom company. “Smart cities will also allow us to save resources.” said Mrinalini Ingram.“By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well.” Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施). 1．What calls for the development of smart cities? A．The rapid progress in 5G networks. B．The marked increase in world population. C．The growing number of residents living in cities. D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities. 2．How does the author explain the way smart cities work? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By listing figures. D．By telling a story. 3．What can we learn from Mrinalini Ingram about smart cities? A．Air pollution will be stopped in its track. B．People will be better aware of environmental protection. C．People will be able to make the most of our environment at will. D．Resources can be saved by keeping track of how they are used. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward smart cities? A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. （五） （内蒙古古包头铁路第一中学2022-2023高二下期末试题） Our life will probably be very different in 2050. First of all, it seems that TV channels will have vanished by 2050. Instead, people will choose a program from a “menu”, and the computer will send the program directly to the television. By 2050, music, films, programs, newspapers and books will come to us in the similar way. In many places, agriculture is developing quickly and people are growing fruit and vegetables for export. This uses a lot of water. Therefore, there could be serious shortages of water. Some scientists predict that water shortage could lead to more severe problems if we don’t act now. In the future, cars will run on new clean fuels, and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed. Today many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination. Also, by 2050, space planes will fly people from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just two hours. Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike and work 24 hours a day. They are also easy to control. And they never argue with people. They can be easily used in a variety of places—factories, schools, hospitals, shops and homes. Scientists will have discovered how to control genes. Scientists have already produced clones of animals. By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look and how they behave. Scientists will be able to do these things. But should they? 1．What does the word “vanished” underlined in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Disappeared. B．Spread. C．Settled. D．Reduced. 2．Which is not the reason for robots’ being preferred? A．They are controllable. B．They have much to be improved. C．They can work in different places. D．They can work for humans without complaining. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The author may want to use cloning technology. B．The author probably disagrees with the idea of human cloning. C．The scientists have already discovered how to control genes till now. D．The scientists will face many difficulties of controlling animal genes. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．High tech Cars B．Robots C．Cloning, Good or Not? D．Life in the Future （六） （内蒙古通辽市第一中学2023-2024高二下期末联考试题） Is there a friend of yours who always sings out of tune but never realizes it? Don’t blame them-they may have amusia (失歌症), a disorder in the brain. Apart from singing out of tune, people with amusia may also find it hard to recognize music they’ve heard before without the help of song lyrics. Amusia can range from difficulty in recognizing melodies to a total inability to distinguish between different musical notes, according to Live Science. However, people with amusia can recognize common environmental sounds as well as the high and low sounds in human voices, meaning that this inability can be specifically related to music. In many cases, people who have amusia are born with it, as 46 percent of these individuals’ relatives were found to have similar conditions, according to a 2017 study. Brain imaging shows that their brains receive and respond to music pitch (音高) information, but it is not reaching conscious awareness, meaning that the mind can’t understand the information. Scientists at the University of Otago in New Zealand also think that amusia is related to people’s spatial (空间的) processing skills. They invited people with amusia, musicians and students from non-musical backgrounds to perform a task related to spatial imagination. They were asked to judge whether pairs of images are the same object rotated (旋转) or mirror images. The result showed that the amusia group made more mistakes than the other two groups. Amusia might be related to the way the brain stores information about the high and low notes in melodies, according to the study. Although those who aren’t confident about their singing skills often say they are “tone-deaf”, people with amusia only make up about1. 5 percent of the population, as estimated by the2017 study. “Like dyslexics (诵读困难者) can learn how to read, those with amusia should be able to improve their ability to recognize tones if they start early enough,” Isabelle Peretz, a professor of psychology from the University of Montreal in Canada, told Live Science. 1．According to the article, what do people with amusia find easy to do? A．Recognizing melodies. B．Recognizing tunes. C．Identifying human voices. D．Distinguishing between different musical notes 2．What did the 2017 study tell us about amusia? A．Amusia is a result of brain damage. B．Amusia is common among children. C．Many individuals with amusia are born with it. D．Those who are tone-deaf often suffer from amusia. 3．What did the study by scientists at the University of Otago show? A．People with amusia have strong spatial imagination skills. B．People with amusia struggle to judge the shape of images C．Amusia may be related to one’s level of music education. D．Amusia may be linked with how the brain stores note information. 4．How can people with amusia improve their musical ability, according to Peretz? A．Learn how to read earlier in life. B．Start to explore and learn music early. C．Seek medical treatment. D．Sing frequently with friends. （七） （内蒙集宁一中2023-2024高二下期末市级联考试题） It was a snowy day during the spring break when I walked into a great restaurant. In this blizzard weather, it was the only restaurant that remained open. The restaurant has a long history in Hong Kong. Its owners, the couple, Peter and Michelle, have been running the restaurant since 2007. “Things have changed a lot in the past 30 years,” Peter said. “Chinese students 20 years ago thought that a 70-cent bowl of rice was too expensive, but now a $20 meal is acceptable”. He also said that the new generation of Chinese students engaged with other students, bringing all their non-Chinese friends to visit the restaurant. Peter takes great pride in his own cooking. He was curious about how the food was made and why particular foods or sauces had specific tastes. He chose to serve mainly Guangdong and Sichuan food at the restaurant, featuring the family-style Chinese dim sum or hot pot. When I asked whether he would modify the taste of the dishes to suit the taste of most Americans, Peter said, “We are not like those American Chinese restaurants. We provide the genuine Chinese taste to our customers, and they will love it because it is delicious, and their taste will suit the taste of our dishes, not the other way around.” “If I hear complaints from my customers, I will be so upset that I can’t fall asleep at night”, he said. “Luckily most of my favorite dishes received wide acclaim from my customers and it takes more than one person’s effort.” He compares himself with the craftsmen in China who are proud of preserving ancient Chinese art and whose motivation is only on people’s enjoyment of their work and thought. Such a spirit of craftsmanship has been remarkable and greatly valued in the past. The craftsman’s spirit with perfection, precision, concentration, and patience remains in Peter and his cooking. 1．How long have the couple been running the restaurant? A．16 years B．20 years C．30 years D．70 years 2．Why is the restaurant different from other American Chinese restaurants? A．Its customers are mainly Chinese. B．It sticks to its original taste of the dishes. C．It adjusts the taste according to the customers. D．Its menu merely contains Guangdong and Sichuan food. 3．Which words can best describe Peter? A．Generous and patient. B．Ambitious and economical. C．Thoughtful and humorous. D．Precise and devoted. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．He believes that cooking just needs one person’s effort. B．He shows an interest in preserving ancient Chinese art. C．He takes pride in cooking the best typical Chinese cuisine. D．He cares about the taste of the dishes rather than customers’ complaints. （八） （内蒙古集宁一中2023-2024高二下期末试题） How you fold a paper airplane can determine how fast or how far it goes. A lot of people arrive at the best designs through trial and error, and perhaps a little bit of luck. But this question is no child’s play for the researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne. “Seemingly a simple toy, the paper airplane actually shows complex aerodynamic (空气动力学的) behaviors which are most often ignored,” the researchers said. “When the paper airplane is launched, there are complex physical interactions between the paper structure and the surrounding air, leading to a particular flight behavior.” To examine the relationship between a folding pattern and the flight, they developed a robotic system that can make various paper planes and then test, analyze, and model their flight behaviors. In this experiment, the robot made and launched over 500 paper airplanes with 50 different designs. Then it collected data on how far each design flew and the characteristics of that flight. The researchers sorted different shapes roughly into three types of “behavioral groups”. The first type follows a nosedive (俯冲) path, which means a short flight distance before landing on the ground. The second type does a glide (滑行), falling at a consistent and relatively controlled rate, and covers a longer distance than the nosedive. The third type is a recovery glide, falling steadily before leveling of and staying at a certain height above the ground. “With the high precision and automation of the robotic system, large-scale experiments can be performed to improve design,” the researchers noted. “The robot designer can deepen our understanding and exploration of design problems, and could otherwise be challenging to observe any behavior.” This insight can also apply to the changeable flight paths of small flying vehicles. “These models can be used to improve a real-world robotic design to identify wing shapes that fly a given distance,” the researchers said. 1．What can be inferred from the researchers’ words in Paragraph 2? A．It is difficult to design a perfect paper airplane. B．There is more to explore about paper airplanes. C．The paper airplane is a popular toy for children. D．It is likely to control paper airplanes’ behaviors. 2．What can the robotic system do? A．Promote paper airplanes to fly much farther. B．Leave paper airplanes high above the ground. C．Create paper airplanes with different designs. D．Change paper airplanes’ flight characteristics. 3．What did the researchers expect to do through the experiment? A．Enhance the design of airplanes. B．Prove the precision of airplanes. C．Predict the development of airplanes. D．Increase the automation of airplanes. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Researchers test their innovative ideas on paper airplanes. B．Researchers design a real-world robot with paper airplanes. C．Researchers can design various wing shapes for paper airplanes. D．Researchers create a robot to learn more about paper airplanes’ flight. （九） （内蒙古赤峰市2022-2023高二下期末联考试卷） Spiders don’t have ears like we do, and many have poor eyesight. But they can sense vibrations (振动). Instead of eardrums that turn soundwave pressure into signals for our brains, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that move in response to sounds. Previously, researchers had measured how a single thin piece of spider silk moved in response to sounds in the air. They found that the web silk itself is really good at detecting sounds. In a new study, Ron Miles from Binghamton University and his co-authors provided the first evidence that spiders can pick up sounds in another way through their webs. To study hearing in animals, researchers placed orb-weaving spiders, which are known to make large, wheel-shaped orb webs, in a specially designed quiet room. They tracked how the spiders reacted to different sounds played on a loudspeaker Depending on how loud the sound was, spiders stretched, turned or raised their forelegs. Researchers noticed that the spiders turned their bodies toward the sound, suggesting they knew where the noise originated. The ability to use a web like a giant extended ear could help spiders detect prey (猎物). If an insect is flying nearby, for instance, “That’s going to cause the web to vibrate because of the sound,” Miles said “That kind of gets the spider’s attention.” Spiders might even use their webs to tune in to a variety of sounds “We suspect that the spider is actually able to sort of adjust the tension in the web in order to pick up certain frequencies,” Miles said. Most microphones today work by sensing pressure and turning it into an electronic signal. But in the natural world, “spiders aren’t sensing pressure.” Miles said “Most animals don’t hear that way, they sense the motion of the air” Future microphones, like those used in hearing aids, could be designed with this in mind. 1．What did the new study find? A．Spiders do not have eardrums. B．Spiders indeed have poor eyesight C．Spiders rely on sensitive hairs to hear D．Spiders can use their webs to detect sounds 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How the study affected spiders. B．How the study was conducted. C．How loud the sound was in the study. D．How spiders made the web in the study. 3．How might the spider identify different sounds according to Miles? A．By shifting its position on the web. B．By sensing different levels of pressure. C．By changing the tension of its silk. D．By making full use of different parts of its body. 4．What is the significance of the discovery? A．It could help improve microphones. B．It could bring attention to spider web-making. C．It could highlight the role of electronic technology. D．It could heighten public awareness of insect protection. （十） （内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市2023-2024高二下期末试题） A charity club, funded entirely by a man, was established in Chengdu in the early 2000s. It first served as a “home away from home” for rural students attending a sports school in neighboring Aba Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The club provided free meals and accommodation as well as training facilities. Gradually, it became known as a Wushu school for children from rural areas and began to attract a steady flow of students, especially from underdeveloped areas in Sichuan. Some children had already dropped out of school before joining the club, the funder revealed to media in 2017. As these students could not be officially registered as residents of Chengdu, they were not qualified to attend public schools there. Consequently, he employed four teachers to teach academic subjects in the students’ spare time such as on nights and weekends. A boy, born in Aba in 1999, joined the club in 2009. Before that, he was in third grade at a local elementary school. His father passed away before he was born, and the family had been struggling economically ever since. He heard about the club from his headmaster and decided to go there. Starting from scratch, the boy spent two years getting ready to represent the club in Sanda competitions. In 2015, the club introduced MMA (综合格斗) and he switched from Wushu Sanda to MMA in 2015 and won his first match at a competition run by Henan TV. “I was not sure whether I was suitable for Wushu when I first joined the club,” he told news media in May 2021. “But when I raised my arms and shouted in happiness after winning the match, I knew immediately that MMA was something I wanted to do for the rest of my life.” 1．Which statement fits the club? A．It charges for services. B．It targets urban students. C．It has been an entertainment center. D．It has evolved into a Wushu school. 2．How did the funder of the club help students with their studies? A．By turning to media for academic help. B．By qualifying them to attend public schools. C．By finding teachers to instruct them part-time. D．By providing materials for them to study independently. 3．What did the boy mentioned in the text want to convey to news media? A．He was born with hardship. B．His initial passion was MMA． C．His first win was of decisive significance. D．He was constantly confident about Wushu. 4．Which words can best describe the club? A．Official and selective. B．Supportive and influential. C．Exclusive and conventional. D．Temporary and unstructured. （十一） （内蒙古鄂尔多斯西四旗2022-2023高二下期末联考试卷） Most 5-year-olds are just learning to read and write but one little girl from the UK has actually written a book that was published in January, 2022. Bella-Jay Dark from Weymouth is the world’s youngest female to be published and was awarded the title by Guinness World Records. Her book, The Lost Cat tells the story of Snowy, a cat who got lost after going outside alone at night. Bella hopes the book will teach children not to go outside at night alone. While many adult writers find inspiration for their books from life experiences, Bella’s creative vision actually came from one of her drawings. “It started off as a picture. My dad also agreed I could make a book and a story coming from the picture,” Bella told Guinness World Records. Bella’s deciding to write a book wasn’t astounding to her mom, Chelsie Syme, who said that her daughter had been writing short stories since age three. Bella spent around five days writing the story and did all of the illustrations(插图) except for one picture that her older sister Lacie May drew. Syme hadn’t expected the book turned out as well as it did. “I thought it would just be some scribble(涂鸦),” she said. “I didn’t think it was going to go this far. I am so proud and want to see her get the acknowledgement she deserves.” To earn the Guinness World Records’ title of The World’s Youngest Published Author, Female, the book has to be published by a commercial publishing house and have at least 1,000 copies printed and sold. Bella’s book met the criteria (标准). Besides being an accomplished author, Bella is just a regular kid who enjoys reading swimming and playing on her tablet. In her free time, she is currently working on a sequel(续集) to Snowy’s story. 1．What does Bella want to tell children in her book? A．It is not easy to be a story writer. B．It is dangerous for cats to live alone. C．They should take good care of their cats. D．They shouldn’t go outside at night alone. 2．Where did Bella find inspiration for her book? A．From a cat’s daily life. B．From a picture she drew. C．From her father’s advice. D．From her life experiences. 3．What does the underlined word “astounding” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Surprising. B．Embarrassing. C．Moving. D．Inspiring. 4．What do we know about Bella? A．She has no sisters. B．She was born in 2016. C．She will continue to write. D．She doesn’t like swimming. （十二） （内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市2023-2024高二下期末试题） There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju’s farm in the southeastern Andhra Pradesh state of India. The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow waste and untreated sugar. The natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat. Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate change because the soil can hold more water. And they stress the crops’ stronger roots help plants deal with strong winds. Supporters say natural farming is successful in the state because of government support. Now, these methods should be spread across India’s agricultural lands. Without government support for natural farming, most Indian farmers still use farm chemicals and fertilizers. That puts them at risk when extreme weather hits. Many farmers are calling for greater state investment to help them deal with climate change. Last December, a storm brought heavy rainfall across India’s southeastern coast. It flooded towns and fields. Early studies showed more than 240,000 hectares of crops were destroyed in Andhra Pradesh state. Raju said the rainwater on their farms flowed into the ground in one day. The soil can take in more water because it is less solid than soil with farm chemicals. Soil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting different crops throughout the year helped keep the soil healthy. However, Raju’s neighbor, Srikanth Kanapala, said his farm was flooded for four days after the storm. Kanapala often uses farm chemicals and fertilizers on his farm. And he said seeing Raju’s crops held strong while his crops failed made him want to learn about other farming methods. Kanapala expected a potential financial hemorrhage of up to $600 as a consequence of the storm, a sum that constituted a significant economic burden for a farmer in India. “For the next planting season, I plan to learn from other farmers to give up farm chemicals,” he said. 1．What drives the expansion of natural farming in India? A．The limited farms. B．The climate impact on crops. C．The increased use of chemicals. D．The reduction of fertilizers. 2．What can be inferred about farm chemicals from paragraph 4? A．They help crops grow strong roots. B．They enhance soil’s water absorption. C．They ensure soil remains consistently wet. D．They make crops less resistant to the storm. 3．What does the underlined word “hemorrhage” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Loss. B．Increase. C．Benefit. D．Aid. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Chemicals: Harming Indian Farms B．Storms: a Threat to Indian Farmers C．Natural Farming: an Answer to Extreme Weather D．Indian Agriculture: Facing the Effect of Climate Change 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解说明文 （一） （内蒙古部分名校2023-2024高二下期末试题） Plants have been important to humans since ancient times. They give us food, clothes and shelter. Their beauty brings us happiness, and many plants can also cure us. Recently, scientists found a plant that can better clean polluted air. Scientists at a research institution in the UK studied how well plants can capture (捕获) pollution from cars. Car exhaust fumes (汽车尾气), as well as tire and brake particles, cause many health problems. Since previous research has shown that trees help remove air  pollution, researchers decided to test three types of plants: hawthorn, western red cedar, and franchet’s cotoneaster (西南枸子). Researchers found that franchet’s cotoneaster was the best at capturing pollution. This is because of its hairy and complex leaf structure. They also discovered that thick barriers over six feet high were the best at reducing pollution. In areas with heavy traffic, franchet’s cotoneaster absorbed 20% more pollution than the other plants. A co-author of the study said, “We know that in just seven days, a 1-meter length of well-managed thick barrier will capture the same amount of pollution that a car emits (排放) over a 500-mile drive.” The researchers recommend planting franchet’s cotoneaster along busy roads. This is great news for city planners, landscapers, and gardeners. Originally from China, franchet’s cotoneaster is a hardy evergreen that can survive temperatures as low as -23℃. It grows well in the UK and can also grow well in places like California, the Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, and around the Great Lakes. Thanks to this study, franchet’s cotoneaster has shown to be very useful. It allows gardeners and landscapers to help the environment. When these super plants are grown in urban gardens, on streets, and along highways, they will clean the air and add beauty to the surroundings. 1．Which aspect of plants is mainly mentioned in paragraph 1? A．Varieties of plants. B．Living environment. C．Benefits of plants. D．Medical properties. 2．Why is franchet’s cotoneaster effective in capturing pollution? A．It requires less water. B．It is taller than other plants. C．It grows faster than other plants. D．It has hair y and complex leaf structures. 3．What can we infer about franchet’s cotoneaster from paragraph 5? A．They will be planted less by gardeners. B．They will be imported more from China. C．They can adjust to the cold temperature. D．They should be planted in correct places. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph? A．To highlight the environmental benefits of franchet’s cotoneaster. B．To describe the appearance of franchet’s cotoneaster. C．To compare franchet’s cotoneaster with other plants. D．To explain how to plant franchet’s cotoneaster. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了科学家发现西南枸子能更高地清洁被污染的空气。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Plants have been important to humans since ancient times. They give us food, clothes and shelter. Their beauty brings us happiness, and many plants can also cure us. Recently, scientists found a plant that can better clean polluted air. (自古以来，植物对人类就很重要。他们为我们提供食物、衣服和住所。它们的美丽给我们带来快乐，许多植物也可以治愈我们。最近，科学家们发现了一种植物，可以更好地清洁被污染的空气。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了指物的好处，故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Researchers found that franchet’s cotoneaster was the best at capturing pollution. This is because of its hairy and complex leaf structure. (研究人员发现，西南枸子在捕获污染方面效果最好。这是因为它的叶子多毛且复杂)”可知，西南枸子能有效捕获污染是因为它复杂多毛的叶片结构，故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Originally from China, franchet’s cotoneaster is a hardy evergreen that can survive temperatures as low as -23℃. (西南枸子原产于中国，是一种耐寒的常绿植物，可以在低至-23°C的温度下生存。)”可知，西南枸子在低温环境中存活，故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thanks to this study, franchet’s cotoneaster has shown to be very useful. It allows gardeners and landscapers to help the environment. When these super plants are grown in urban gardens, on streets, and along highways, they will clean the air and add beauty to the surroundings. (多亏了这项研究，西南枸子已被证明非常有用。它使园丁和园艺师能够帮助环境。当这些超级植物种植在城市花园、街道和高速公路沿线时，它们将净化空气并为周围环境增添美感。)”可知，作者在本段中强调了西南枸子的环境效益，故选A项。 （二） （内蒙古部分名校2023-2024高二下期末试题） The rapid melting of the ice sheets at the top of Greenland and Antarctica, as measured by satellite-based gravitational measurements, is shifting more mass toward Earth’s waistline. And the extra increase is slowing the planet’s rotation (自转). That climate-change-driven mass shift is throwing a new challenge into international timekeeping standards. The internationally agreed-upon coordinated (协调) universal time, or UTC, is set by atomic clocks, but that time is regularly adjusted to match Earth’s actual rotation. Earth’s rotation isn’t always smooth sailing—the speed of the planet’s spin changes depending on a variety of factors, including gravitational drag from the sun and the moon, changes to the rotation speed of Earth’s core, friction (摩擦) between ocean waters and the seafloor, and shifts in the planet’s distribution of mass around its surface. But the impact of the quake is much smaller than that of the ice sheets’ melting. Humankind has done something that affects, measurably, the rotation rate of the entire Earth. The need for occasional tweaks to the synchronization (同步) of atomic clocks and Earth’s rotation gave birth to the “leap second” in 1972, an extra tick that international timekeepers agreed to add to UTC as needed. Timekeepers have added 27 leap seconds to the clock since the idea was introduced. The slightly slower rotation has actually delayed the need for timekeeping changes by a few years—in fact, as a result of this change, the last time a leap second was required to be added was in 2016. At the moment, in fact, Earth’s rotation and atomic clocks are nearly in sync. “But the study suggests that, thanks to climate change, global timekeepers now have an extra two or three years before they need to adjust,” notes geophysicist Jerry X. Mitrovica of Harvard University. “But no realistic projections of future melting can prevent the unavoidable beyond 2030. One way or another, the world is going to have to start losing time—or international timekeeping rules are due for an update,” Mitrovica adds. 1．What is causing the change in Earth’s rotation speed? A．Friction between ocean and land. B．Melting of ice sheets at Earth’s poles. C．Gravitational drag from Earth. D．Direction of spin of Earth’s core. 2．What does the underlined word “tweaks” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Investigations. B．Adjustments. C．Objections. D．Applications. 3．What is a result of slower rotation of Earth? A．International timekeeping study will disappear. B．“Leap second” will be put into use more frequently. C．Wider gaps will arise between UTC and atomic clocks. D．International timekeeping rules will have to be revised. 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Atomic Clocks Matter In Global Timekeeping B．Earth’s Rotation Affects The Accuracy Of Time C．Climate Change Is Affecting How We Keep Time D．Earth’s Slower Rotation Worsens Climate Change 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过解释地球自转速度变化的原因，特别是冰盖融化对地球自转和国际时间标准的影响，来阐述气候变化对地球自转速度及国际时间计量标准的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The rapid melting of the ice sheets at the top of Greenland and Antarctica, as measured by satellite-based gravitational measurements, is shifting more mass toward Earth’s waistline. And the extra increase is slowing the planet’s rotation (自转).(基于卫星的重力测量显示，格陵兰岛和南极洲顶部冰盖的快速融化正在将更多的质量转移到地球的腰围上。额外的增加正在减缓地球的自转)”可知，地球两极冰盖的融化导致了地球自转速度的变化。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据画线单词后文“Timekeepers have added 27 leap seconds to the clock since the idea was introduced.(自从这个想法被引入以来，计时员已经在时钟上增加了27个闰秒)”以及第四段“The slightly slower rotation has actually delayed the need for timekeeping changes by a few years—in fact, as a result of this change, the last time a leap second was required to be added was in 2016. At the moment, in fact, Earth’s rotation and atomic clocks are nearly in sync.(稍微慢一点的自转实际上推迟了几年调整计时的需要——事实上，由于这种变化，上一次需要增加闰秒是在2016年。事实上，目前地球自转和原子钟几乎是同步的)”可知，闰秒的增加是为了调整计时的需要，推知划线单词所在句子表达“由于需要偶尔调整原子钟和地球自转的同步，1972年诞生了“闰秒”，这是国际计时器同意在需要时添加到UTC的一个额外时间”之意，所以tweaks应是“调整”之意，和B项Adjustments.(调整)意思一样。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““But the study suggests that, thanks to climate change, global timekeepers now have an extra two or three years before they need to adjust,” notes geophysicist Jerry X. Mitrovica of Harvard University. “But no realistic projections of future melting can prevent the unavoidable beyond 2030. One way or another, the world is going to have to start losing time—or international timekeeping rules are due for an update,” Mitrovica adds.(哈佛大学的地球物理学家Jerry X. Mitrovica指出：“但是这项研究表明，由于气候变化，全球计时器现在有额外的两三年时间来调整。”“但是，对未来融化的现实预测无法阻止2030年后不可避免的融化。无论如何，世界将不得不开始失去时间——或者国际计时规则也该更新了，”米特罗维察补充道)”可知，地球自转变慢的结果是国际计时规则必须修订。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The rapid melting of the ice sheets at the top of Greenland and Antarctica, as measured by satellite-based gravitational measurements, is shifting more mass toward Earth’s waistline. And the extra increase is slowing the planet’s rotation (自转). That climate-change-driven mass shift is throwing a new challenge into international timekeeping standards.(基于卫星的重力测量显示，格陵兰岛和南极洲顶部冰盖的快速融化正在将更多的质量转移到地球的腰围上。额外的增加正在减缓地球的自转。这种由气候变化驱动的大规模变化给国际计时标准带来了新的挑战)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了气候变化对地球自转速度及国际时间计量标准的挑战，所以C项“Climate Change Is Affecting How We Keep Time(气候变化正在影响我们的计时方式)”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 （三） （内蒙古自治区赤峰市2023-2024高二下期末试题） Eve O. Schaub is the author of Year of No Garbage: Recycling Lies, Plastic Problems, and One Woman’s Trashy Journey to Zero Waste. She calls on people to stop “recycling” plastic. According to her, plastic, as a material, is not recyclable, and the very best thing we can do to celebrate Earth Day this year is to acknowledge that fact. This seems against the common sense. We’ve been told for decades that the answer to the plastic-waste crisis is more, better recycling: If only we sorted better! If only we had better access to recycling technologies! If only we washed and dried our plastics more adequately! This is all a smokescreen, designed to distract us from the truth that plastic recycling—if by “recycling” we mean turning a used material into a new material of similar value and function —is a myth. Unlike paper, glass and metal, plastic is not easily, efficiently turned into new products. What passes for “recycling” plastic is costly, energy-intensive and toxic (有毒的). On top of all that, the process requires the addition of a shocking amount of new virgin plastic— around 70 percent—to hold the newly formed plastic items together. As a result, only about 5 percent of plastic gets “recycled”, compared that with a 68 percent recycling rate for paper and cardboard. Considering that, as a society, we’ve been actively trying to get better at plastic recycling since the 1970s, 5 percent represents an extremely clear failure. Many environmentalists will oppose this claim. They might correctly point out that plastics labeled with the resin (树脂) identification code of 1 or 2 have a higher measure of recycling success: about 30 percent. Shouldn’t we support recycling at least this kind of plastic? For a long time, I thought so. But this brings us to another myth: that plastic is harmless to human health. What many people do not know is that plastic is made from two ingredients: fossil fuels and toxic chemicals. What’s worse, there are tens of thousands of chemicals involved in the production of plastic, most of which have never been tested for their effects on human health, although many are known to be harmful to some degree. What this means is that even if we were to get better at recycling plastic, we shouldn’t want to. 1．What can we know according to Eve O. Schaub? A．The best thing to celebrate Earth Day is to recycle plastic. B．Many people are aware of the high costs of recycling plastic. C．Many people have a wrong understanding of plastic recycling. D．The effective way to solve plastic crisis is to recycle more and better. 2．What can we infer from paragraph 4? A．Plastic “recyclıng” process is relatively successful. B．We should be more active in improving plastic recycling. C．Plastic “recycling” is, at heart, an empty, performative gesture. D．We need to add 70% plastic to the recycled to create new products. 3．What is the author most likely to talk about next? A．The plastics’ harmful effects on humans. B．The promising future for recycled plastics C．The follow-up studies on recycling plastic. D．The specific approaches to recycling plastic. 4．What is the best title of this passage? A．Improve the Recycling Rate of Plastic B．Don’t Ignore Harmful Plastic Products C．More Advisable Ways to Recycle Plastic D．Don’t Waste Your Time Recycling Plastic 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了塑料回收的复杂性和存在的问题，以及为何即使我们努力改进回收技术，塑料回收仍然是一个不理想的解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to her, plastic, as a material, is not recyclable, and the very best thing we can do to celebrate Earth Day this year is to acknowledge that fact. This seems against the common sense. We’ve been told for decades that the answer to the plastic-waste crisis is more, better recycling (据她说，塑料作为一种材料，是不可回收的，我们今年庆祝地球日所能做的最好的事情就是承认这一事实。这似乎有悖常理。几十年来，我们一直被告知，解决塑料垃圾危机的办法是更多、更好的回收利用)”可知，根据Eve O. Schaub的说法，很多人对塑料回收有错误的认识。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“On top of all that, the process requires the addition of a shocking amount of new virgin plastic— around 70 percent—to hold the newly formed plastic items together. As a result, only about 5 percent of plastic gets “recycled”, compared that with a 68 percent recycling rate for paper and cardboard. Considering that, as a society, we’ve been actively trying to get better at plastic recycling since the 1970s, 5 percent represents an extremely clear failure. (最重要的是，这个过程需要添加数量惊人的新塑料——大约70%——来将新形成的塑料制品粘合在一起。因此，只有大约5%的塑料被“回收”，而纸张和纸板的回收率为68%。考虑那一点，作为一个社会，自20世纪70年代以来，我们一直在积极地尝试更好地回收塑料，5%代表着一个非常明显的失败。)”可知，从第4段我们可以推断出从本质上讲，塑料“回收”是一种空洞的、表现性的姿态。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What’s worse, there are tens of thousands of chemicals involved in the production of plastic, most of which have never been tested for their effects on human health, although many are known to be harmful to some degree. (更糟糕的是，在塑料的生产过程中涉及了成千上万的化学物质，尽管许多化学物质在某种程度上是有害的，但其中大多数化学物质对人体健康的影响从未经过测试。)”可知，作者接下来最有可能谈论的是塑料对人类的有害影响。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“This is all a smokescreen, designed to distract us from the truth that plastic recycling—if by “recycling” we mean turning a used material into a new material of similar value and function —is a myth. Unlike paper, glass and metal, plastic is not easily, efficiently turned into new products. What passes for “recycling” plastic is costly, energy-intensive and toxic (有毒的). (这些都是烟雾弹，旨在转移我们的注意力，让我们忽视一个事实，即塑料回收——如果我们所说的“回收”是指将使用过的材料变成具有类似价值和功能的新材料——是一个神话。与纸、玻璃和金属不同，塑料不容易、有效地转化为新产品。所谓的“回收”塑料是昂贵的、能源密集型的、有毒的。)”可知，本文主要讲述了塑料回收的复杂性和存在的问题，以及为何即使我们努力改进回收技术，塑料回收仍然是一个不理想的解决方案，因此本文最好的题目是D选项“Don’t Waste Your Time Recycling Plastic (不要浪费时间回收塑料)”。故选D。 （四） （内蒙古呼伦贝尔市满洲里市第一中学2022-2023高二下期末试题） With intelligent systems and new-age transit networks, life in the big cities will likely be happier and more efficient. After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. These cities will use 5G networks and the “internet of things” (IoT) to make everyday life safer and more convenient. Some cities are already using smart technology to improve the lives of residents. But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. Smart cities will be interactive, allowing their residents to feel like they’re truly shaping their environment, instead of merely existing in it. “One of the most important reasons to have a smart city is that we can actually communicate with our environment in a way that we never have in the past,” said Mrinalini Ingram, head of a telecom company. “Smart cities will also allow us to save resources.” said Mrinalini Ingram.“By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well.” Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施). 1．What calls for the development of smart cities? A．The rapid progress in 5G networks. B．The marked increase in world population. C．The growing number of residents living in cities. D．The major concern over the safety of living in cities. 2．How does the author explain the way smart cities work? A．By making a contrast. B．By giving examples. C．By listing figures. D．By telling a story. 3．What can we learn from Mrinalini Ingram about smart cities? A．Air pollution will be stopped in its track. B．People will be better aware of environmental protection. C．People will be able to make the most of our environment at will. D．Resources can be saved by keeping track of how they are used. 4．What is the author’s attitude toward smart cities? A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Positive. D．Doubtful. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能城市的优势和发展前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“After all, more than 60 percent of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050, according to a UN report. The answer to making these cities more livable for so many people lies in creating “smart” cities. (毕竟，根据联合国的一份报告，到2050年，预计全球60%以上的人口将居住在城市。让这些城市更适合这么多人居住的答案在于创造“智能”城市。)”可知因为越来越多的居民居住在城市里，需要创造智能城市。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“But what exactly does a smart city do? In the United States cities of Boston and Baltimore, smart trash cans can sense how full they are and inform cleaning workers when they need to be emptied. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, traffic flow and energy usage are monitored and adjusted according to real-time data gathered from sensors (传感器) around the city. And in Copenhagen, Denmark, a smart bike system allows riders to check on air quality and traffic condition as they ride. (但智能城市到底能做什么呢?在美国的波士顿和巴尔的摩，智能垃圾桶可以感知它们有多满，并在需要清空时通知清洁工人。在荷兰阿姆斯特丹，交通流量和能源使用情况根据城市周围传感器收集的实时数据进行监控和调整。在丹麦的哥本哈根，一个智能自行车系统可以让骑车的人在骑车时检查空气质量和交通状况。)”可知是通过举例子来解释智能城市的运作方式，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“ “Smart cities will also allow us to save resources.” said Mrinalini Ingram. “By using sensors and 5G networks to monitor the use of water, gas and electricity, city managers can figure out how to distribute and save these resources more efficiently. Emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants can be more closely monitored in smart cities as well.” (“智能城市还能让我们节约资源。”姆里纳利尼·英格拉姆说。“通过使用传感器和5G网络来监测水、气和电的使用情况，城市管理者可以找出如何更有效地分配和节约这些资源。在智能城市中，二氧化碳和其他空气污染物的排放也可以得到更密切的监测。”) ”可推断通过跟踪资源的使用情况可以节省资源。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of course, it will take time and money to turn our current cities into the smart cities of the future. But as we’ve already seen, more cities around the world are already adopting smart technology in small ways. China, for instance, is making investments in big cities like Shanghai and Guangzhou to make them “smarter”. It won’t be long until even more cities start to develop their own smart infrastructure (基础设施). (当然，把我们现在的城市变成未来的智能城市需要时间和金钱。但正如我们已经看到的，世界各地越来越多的城市已经在小规模地采用智能技术。例如，中国正在上海和广州等大城市进行投资，使它们变得“更智能”。用不了多久，就会有更多的城市开始发展自己的智能基础设施。)”可知作者对智能城市的态度是积极的，乐观的。故选C。 （五） （内蒙古古包头铁路第一中学2022-2023高二下期末试题） Our life will probably be very different in 2050. First of all, it seems that TV channels will have vanished by 2050. Instead, people will choose a program from a “menu”, and the computer will send the program directly to the television. By 2050, music, films, programs, newspapers and books will come to us in the similar way. In many places, agriculture is developing quickly and people are growing fruit and vegetables for export. This uses a lot of water. Therefore, there could be serious shortages of water. Some scientists predict that water shortage could lead to more severe problems if we don’t act now. In the future, cars will run on new clean fuels, and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed. Today many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination. Also, by 2050, space planes will fly people from Los Angeles to Tokyo in just two hours. Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike and work 24 hours a day. They are also easy to control. And they never argue with people. They can be easily used in a variety of places—factories, schools, hospitals, shops and homes. Scientists will have discovered how to control genes. Scientists have already produced clones of animals. By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look and how they behave. Scientists will be able to do these things. But should they? 1．What does the word “vanished” underlined in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Disappeared. B．Spread. C．Settled. D．Reduced. 2．Which is not the reason for robots’ being preferred? A．They are controllable. B．They have much to be improved. C．They can work in different places. D．They can work for humans without complaining. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The author may want to use cloning technology. B．The author probably disagrees with the idea of human cloning. C．The scientists have already discovered how to control genes till now. D．The scientists will face many difficulties of controlling animal genes. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．High tech Cars B．Robots C．Cloning, Good or Not? D．Life in the Future 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要畅想了到2050年人们的生活会发生什么变化。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“Instead, people will choose a program from a “menu”, and the computer will send the program directly to the television.(相反，人们将从“菜单”中选择一个节目，然后计算机将节目直接发送到电视上)”可知，电视频道将不复存在。所以划线单词词义和“消失、不存在”相关。选项A“Disappeared (消失、失踪)”；选项B“Spread (蔓延)”；选项C“Settled (定居、解决)”；选项D“Reduced (减少)”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike and work 24 hours a day. They are also easy to control. And they never argue with people. They can be easily used in a variety of places—factories, schools, hospitals, shops and homes.(一些大公司现在更喜欢使用不要求加薪或罢工、一天24小时工作的机器人。它们也很容易控制。它们从不与人争吵。它们可以很容易地用于各种各样的地方——工厂、学校、医院、商店和家庭)”可知，大公司喜欢用机器人是因为机器人可控制、不与人争论，还可以用于各种地方。所以，没有提到的原因是选项B“它们不得不改进”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“By 2050, scientists will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look and how they behave. Scientists will be able to do these things. But should they?(到2050年，科学家将能够制造克隆人，并决定他们的长相和行为方式。科学家将能够做这些事情。但他们应该这样做吗？)”可知，作者认为科学家们能克隆人，并能决定他们的长相和行为方式，但是却发出反问“他们应该这样做吗？”由此判断作者不赞成克隆人类。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Our life will probably be very different in 2050. First of all, it seems that TV channels will have vanished by 2050.(到2050年，我们的生活可能会大不相同。首先，电视频道似乎将在2050年消失)”、第二段“Some scientists predict that water shortage could lead to more severe problems if we don’t act now.(一些科学家预测，如果我们现在不采取行动，水资源短缺可能会导致更严重的问题)”、第三段“In the future, cars will run on new clean fuels, and they will go very fast.(在未来，汽车将使用新的清洁燃料，而且速度很快。汽车将有电脑来控制速度)”、第四段“Some big companies now prefer to use robots that do not ask for pay rises or go on strike and work 24 hours a day. (一些大公司现在更喜欢使用不要求加薪或罢工、一天24小时工作的机器人)”以及最后一段“Scientists will have discovered how to control genes.(科学家们将发现如何控制基因)”可知，本文主要畅想了未来的生活。所以“Life in the Future(未来的生活)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 （六） （内蒙古通辽市第一中学2023-2024高二下期末联考试题） Is there a friend of yours who always sings out of tune but never realizes it? Don’t blame them-they may have amusia (失歌症), a disorder in the brain. Apart from singing out of tune, people with amusia may also find it hard to recognize music they’ve heard before without the help of song lyrics. Amusia can range from difficulty in recognizing melodies to a total inability to distinguish between different musical notes, according to Live Science. However, people with amusia can recognize common environmental sounds as well as the high and low sounds in human voices, meaning that this inability can be specifically related to music. In many cases, people who have amusia are born with it, as 46 percent of these individuals’ relatives were found to have similar conditions, according to a 2017 study. Brain imaging shows that their brains receive and respond to music pitch (音高) information, but it is not reaching conscious awareness, meaning that the mind can’t understand the information. Scientists at the University of Otago in New Zealand also think that amusia is related to people’s spatial (空间的) processing skills. They invited people with amusia, musicians and students from non-musical backgrounds to perform a task related to spatial imagination. They were asked to judge whether pairs of images are the same object rotated (旋转) or mirror images. The result showed that the amusia group made more mistakes than the other two groups. Amusia might be related to the way the brain stores information about the high and low notes in melodies, according to the study. Although those who aren’t confident about their singing skills often say they are “tone-deaf”, people with amusia only make up about1. 5 percent of the population, as estimated by the2017 study. “Like dyslexics (诵读困难者) can learn how to read, those with amusia should be able to improve their ability to recognize tones if they start early enough,” Isabelle Peretz, a professor of psychology from the University of Montreal in Canada, told Live Science. 1．According to the article, what do people with amusia find easy to do? A．Recognizing melodies. B．Recognizing tunes. C．Identifying human voices. D．Distinguishing between different musical notes 2．What did the 2017 study tell us about amusia? A．Amusia is a result of brain damage. B．Amusia is common among children. C．Many individuals with amusia are born with it. D．Those who are tone-deaf often suffer from amusia. 3．What did the study by scientists at the University of Otago show? A．People with amusia have strong spatial imagination skills. B．People with amusia struggle to judge the shape of images C．Amusia may be related to one’s level of music education. D．Amusia may be linked with how the brain stores note information. 4．How can people with amusia improve their musical ability, according to Peretz? A．Learn how to read earlier in life. B．Start to explore and learn music early. C．Seek medical treatment. D．Sing frequently with friends. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了患有失音症的人的症状，病因及其应对方式。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Apart from singing out of tune, people with amusia may also find it hard to recognize music they’ve heard before without the help of song lyrics. Amusia can range from difficulty in recognizing melodies to a total inability to distinguish between different musical notes, according to Live Science. However, people with amusia can recognize common environmental sounds as well as the high and low sounds in human voices, meaning that this inability can be specifically related to music.(除了唱歌走调之外，失音症患者可能还会发现，如果没有歌词的帮助，他们很难识别以前听过的音乐。据《生活科学》报道，失音症的范围从难以识别旋律到完全无法区分不同的音符。然而，患有失音症的人可以识别常见的环境声音以及人类声音中的高低音，这意味着这种无能可能与音乐特别相关)”可知，失音症患者最容易做的事情是识别人类的声音。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In many cases, people who have amusia are born with it, as 46 percent of these individuals’ relatives were found to have similar conditions, according to a 2017 study.(根据2017年的一项研究，在许多情况下，患有失音症的人天生就患有这种疾病，因为这些人的家庭成员中有46%被发现患有类似的疾病)”可知，2017年的研究告诉了我们许多患有失音症的人是天生的。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists at the University of Otago in New Zealand also think that amusia is related to people’s spatial (空间的) processing skills.(新西兰奥塔哥大学的科学家们也认为，失音症与人们的特殊处理能力有关)”和第五段“Amusia might be related to the way the brain stores information about the high and low notes in melodies, according to the study.(根据这项研究，失音症可能与大脑储存歌曲中高低音信息的方式有关)”可知，奥塔哥大学的科学家们的研究表明失音症可能与大脑储存声音信息的方式有关。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Like dyslexics (诵读困难者) can learn how to read, those with amusia should be able to improve their ability to recognize tones if they start early enough(就像诵读困难症患者可以学习如何阅读一样，失音症患者如果开始得足够早，应该能够提高他们识别曲调的能力)”可知，Peretz认为，失音症患者应该尽早开始探索和学习音乐以提高他们的音乐能力。故选B项。 （七） （内蒙集宁一中2023-2024高二下期末市级联考试题） It was a snowy day during the spring break when I walked into a great restaurant. In this blizzard weather, it was the only restaurant that remained open. The restaurant has a long history in Hong Kong. Its owners, the couple, Peter and Michelle, have been running the restaurant since 2007. “Things have changed a lot in the past 30 years,” Peter said. “Chinese students 20 years ago thought that a 70-cent bowl of rice was too expensive, but now a $20 meal is acceptable”. He also said that the new generation of Chinese students engaged with other students, bringing all their non-Chinese friends to visit the restaurant. Peter takes great pride in his own cooking. He was curious about how the food was made and why particular foods or sauces had specific tastes. He chose to serve mainly Guangdong and Sichuan food at the restaurant, featuring the family-style Chinese dim sum or hot pot. When I asked whether he would modify the taste of the dishes to suit the taste of most Americans, Peter said, “We are not like those American Chinese restaurants. We provide the genuine Chinese taste to our customers, and they will love it because it is delicious, and their taste will suit the taste of our dishes, not the other way around.” “If I hear complaints from my customers, I will be so upset that I can’t fall asleep at night”, he said. “Luckily most of my favorite dishes received wide acclaim from my customers and it takes more than one person’s effort.” He compares himself with the craftsmen in China who are proud of preserving ancient Chinese art and whose motivation is only on people’s enjoyment of their work and thought. Such a spirit of craftsmanship has been remarkable and greatly valued in the past. The craftsman’s spirit with perfection, precision, concentration, and patience remains in Peter and his cooking. 1．How long have the couple been running the restaurant? A．16 years B．20 years C．30 years D．70 years 2．Why is the restaurant different from other American Chinese restaurants? A．Its customers are mainly Chinese. B．It sticks to its original taste of the dishes. C．It adjusts the taste according to the customers. D．Its menu merely contains Guangdong and Sichuan food. 3．Which words can best describe Peter? A．Generous and patient. B．Ambitious and economical. C．Thoughtful and humorous. D．Precise and devoted. 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．He believes that cooking just needs one person’s effort. B．He shows an interest in preserving ancient Chinese art. C．He takes pride in cooking the best typical Chinese cuisine. D．He cares about the taste of the dishes rather than customers’ complaints. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家有悠久历史的餐厅的情况以及餐厅的经营者对于烹饪的一些感悟。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The restaurant has a long history in Hong Kong. Its owners, the couple, Peter and Michelle, have been running the restaurant since 2007.(这家餐厅在香港有着悠久的历史。它的主人彼得和米歇尔夫妇从2007年开始经营这家餐厅)”可知，这对夫妇经营这家餐馆2023-2007=16年了。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“We are not like those American Chinese restaurants. We provide the genuine Chinese taste to our customers, and they will love it because it is delicious, and their taste will suit the taste of our dishes, not the other way around.(我们不像那些美国的中餐馆。我们为顾客提供真正的中国口味，他们会喜欢它，因为它很美味，他们的口味会适合我们的菜的味道，而不是相反)”可知，这家餐厅和其他美国中餐馆的不同在于坚持菜肴的原汁原味。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The craftsman’s spirit with perfection, precision, concentration, and patience remains in Peter and his cooking.(完美、精确、专注和耐心的工匠精神仍然存在于彼得和他的烹饪中)”可推知，彼得是个做事精确且专注的人。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Peter takes great pride in his own cooking. He was curious about how the food was made and why particular foods or sauces had specific tastes. He chose to serve mainly Guangdong and Sichuan food at the restaurant, featuring the family-style Chinese dim sum or hot pot.(彼得对自己的厨艺非常自豪。他很好奇食物是如何制作的，以及为什么特定的食物或酱汁有特定的味道。他选择以粤菜和川菜为主，特色是中式点心或火锅)”以及倒数第二段“He compares himself with the craftsmen in China who are proud of preserving ancient Chinese art and whose motivation is only on people’s enjoyment of their work and thought.(他把自己比作中国的工匠，他们以保存中国古代艺术而自豪，他们的动机只是为了让人们享受他们的工作和思想)”可推知，他以烹饪出最地道的中国菜而自豪。故选C。 （八） （内蒙古集宁一中2023-2024高二下期末试题） How you fold a paper airplane can determine how fast or how far it goes. A lot of people arrive at the best designs through trial and error, and perhaps a little bit of luck. But this question is no child’s play for the researchers at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne. “Seemingly a simple toy, the paper airplane actually shows complex aerodynamic (空气动力学的) behaviors which are most often ignored,” the researchers said. “When the paper airplane is launched, there are complex physical interactions between the paper structure and the surrounding air, leading to a particular flight behavior.” To examine the relationship between a folding pattern and the flight, they developed a robotic system that can make various paper planes and then test, analyze, and model their flight behaviors. In this experiment, the robot made and launched over 500 paper airplanes with 50 different designs. Then it collected data on how far each design flew and the characteristics of that flight. The researchers sorted different shapes roughly into three types of “behavioral groups”. The first type follows a nosedive (俯冲) path, which means a short flight distance before landing on the ground. The second type does a glide (滑行), falling at a consistent and relatively controlled rate, and covers a longer distance than the nosedive. The third type is a recovery glide, falling steadily before leveling of and staying at a certain height above the ground. “With the high precision and automation of the robotic system, large-scale experiments can be performed to improve design,” the researchers noted. “The robot designer can deepen our understanding and exploration of design problems, and could otherwise be challenging to observe any behavior.” This insight can also apply to the changeable flight paths of small flying vehicles. “These models can be used to improve a real-world robotic design to identify wing shapes that fly a given distance,” the researchers said. 1．What can be inferred from the researchers’ words in Paragraph 2? A．It is difficult to design a perfect paper airplane. B．There is more to explore about paper airplanes. C．The paper airplane is a popular toy for children. D．It is likely to control paper airplanes’ behaviors. 2．What can the robotic system do? A．Promote paper airplanes to fly much farther. B．Leave paper airplanes high above the ground. C．Create paper airplanes with different designs. D．Change paper airplanes’ flight characteristics. 3．What did the researchers expect to do through the experiment? A．Enhance the design of airplanes. B．Prove the precision of airplanes. C．Predict the development of airplanes. D．Increase the automation of airplanes. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Researchers test their innovative ideas on paper airplanes. B．Researchers design a real-world robot with paper airplanes. C．Researchers can design various wing shapes for paper airplanes. D．Researchers create a robot to learn more about paper airplanes’ flight. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员认为纸飞机的飞行行为非常值得研究，因此开发了一个机器人系统，制作各种纸飞机，对其飞行行为进行测试、分析和模拟，以此收集各种数据来改进设计。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中研究人员所说的话“Seemingly a simple toy, the paper airplane actually shows complex aerodynamic (空气动力学的) behaviors which are most often ignored (纸飞机看似是一个简单的玩具，实际上却表现出复杂的空气动力学行为，而这些行为往往被忽略)”和“When the paper airplane is launched, there are complex physical interactions between the paper structure and the surrounding air, leading to a particular flight behavior. (当纸飞机发射时，纸结构与周围空气之间存在复杂的物理相互作用，导致特定的飞行行为。)”可知，纸飞机的飞行实际上非常复杂，涉及复杂的物理相互作用，但却被忽略了。由此推知，关于纸飞机还有很多值得探索的地方。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To examine the relationship between a folding pattern and the flight, they developed a robotic system that can make various paper planes and then test, analyze, and model their flight behaviors. (为了研究折叠模式和飞行之间的关系，他们开发了一个机器人系统，可以制作各种纸飞机，然后测试、分析和模拟它们的飞行行为。)”可知，机器人系统可以制作不同设计的纸飞机。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中研究人员所说的话“With the high precision and automation of the robotic system, large-scale experiments can be performed to improve design (随着机器人系统的高精度和自动化，可以进行大规模的实验来改进设计)”可知，研究人员期待在实验中加强飞机的设计。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了研究人员认为纸飞机的飞行行为非常值得研究，因此开发了一个机器人系统，制作各种纸飞机，对其飞行行为进行测试、分析和模拟，以此收集各种数据来改进设计。因此，D项“研究人员制作了一个机器人来了解更多关于纸飞机的飞行”可概括文章大意。故选D项。 （九） （内蒙古赤峰市2022-2023高二下期末联考试卷） Spiders don’t have ears like we do, and many have poor eyesight. But they can sense vibrations (振动). Instead of eardrums that turn soundwave pressure into signals for our brains, spiders hear using tiny, sensitive hairs that move in response to sounds. Previously, researchers had measured how a single thin piece of spider silk moved in response to sounds in the air. They found that the web silk itself is really good at detecting sounds. In a new study, Ron Miles from Binghamton University and his co-authors provided the first evidence that spiders can pick up sounds in another way through their webs. To study hearing in animals, researchers placed orb-weaving spiders, which are known to make large, wheel-shaped orb webs, in a specially designed quiet room. They tracked how the spiders reacted to different sounds played on a loudspeaker Depending on how loud the sound was, spiders stretched, turned or raised their forelegs. Researchers noticed that the spiders turned their bodies toward the sound, suggesting they knew where the noise originated. The ability to use a web like a giant extended ear could help spiders detect prey (猎物). If an insect is flying nearby, for instance, “That’s going to cause the web to vibrate because of the sound,” Miles said “That kind of gets the spider’s attention.” Spiders might even use their webs to tune in to a variety of sounds “We suspect that the spider is actually able to sort of adjust the tension in the web in order to pick up certain frequencies,” Miles said. Most microphones today work by sensing pressure and turning it into an electronic signal. But in the natural world, “spiders aren’t sensing pressure.” Miles said “Most animals don’t hear that way, they sense the motion of the air” Future microphones, like those used in hearing aids, could be designed with this in mind. 1．What did the new study find? A．Spiders do not have eardrums. B．Spiders indeed have poor eyesight C．Spiders rely on sensitive hairs to hear D．Spiders can use their webs to detect sounds 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．How the study affected spiders. B．How the study was conducted. C．How loud the sound was in the study. D．How spiders made the web in the study. 3．How might the spider identify different sounds according to Miles? A．By shifting its position on the web. B．By sensing different levels of pressure. C．By changing the tension of its silk. D．By making full use of different parts of its body. 4．What is the significance of the discovery? A．It could help improve microphones. B．It could bring attention to spider web-making. C．It could highlight the role of electronic technology. D．It could heighten public awareness of insect protection. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现蜘蛛可以利用它们的网来探测到声音。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In a new study, Ron Miles from Binghamton University and his co-authors provided the first evidence that spiders can pick up sounds in another way through their webs.(在一项新的研究中，宾厄姆顿大学的Ron Miles和他的合著者提供了第一个证据，证明蜘蛛可以通过蛛网以另一种方式获取声音。)”可知，在新的研究中，研究者证实蜘蛛可以通过网接收到声音。故选D项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“To study hearing in animals, researchers placed orb-weaving spiders, which are known to make large, wheel-shaped orb webs, in a specially designed quiet room.(为了研究动物的听力，研究人员在一个特别设计的安静的房间里放置了圆形编织的蜘蛛，这种蜘蛛会织成巨大的、轮状的球形网。)”可知，为了研究动物的听力，研究者们在特别设计的房间里放置了圆形编织的蜘蛛，结合下文中对实验过程的介绍可知，本段主要讲述的是如何进行研究的。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Spiders might even use their webs to tune in to a variety of sounds “We suspect that the spider is actually able to sort of adjust the tension in the web in order to pick up certain frequencies,” Miles said.(蜘蛛甚至可以利用它们的网来收听各种各样的声音。Miles说：“我们怀疑蜘蛛实际上能够某种程度上调节网的张力，以接收特定的频率。”。)”可知，Miles认为，蜘蛛甚至可以通过调节网的张力来接受特定的频率，由此可知，蜘蛛是通过改变网的张力来识别声音的。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Miles said “Most animals don’t hear that way, they sense the motion of the air” Future microphones, like those used in hearing aids, could be designed with this in mind.( Miles说：“大多数动物不是这样听的，它们感觉空气的运动。”未来的麦克风，就像那些用于助听器的麦克风，可以考虑到这一点来设计。)”可知，Miles认为，未来的助听器的麦克风可以考虑使用这一研究来设计，由此可知，这项研究的意义是可以帮助改进麦克风。故选A项。 （十） （内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市2023-2024高二下期末试题） A charity club, funded entirely by a man, was established in Chengdu in the early 2000s. It first served as a “home away from home” for rural students attending a sports school in neighboring Aba Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. The club provided free meals and accommodation as well as training facilities. Gradually, it became known as a Wushu school for children from rural areas and began to attract a steady flow of students, especially from underdeveloped areas in Sichuan. Some children had already dropped out of school before joining the club, the funder revealed to media in 2017. As these students could not be officially registered as residents of Chengdu, they were not qualified to attend public schools there. Consequently, he employed four teachers to teach academic subjects in the students’ spare time such as on nights and weekends. A boy, born in Aba in 1999, joined the club in 2009. Before that, he was in third grade at a local elementary school. His father passed away before he was born, and the family had been struggling economically ever since. He heard about the club from his headmaster and decided to go there. Starting from scratch, the boy spent two years getting ready to represent the club in Sanda competitions. In 2015, the club introduced MMA (综合格斗) and he switched from Wushu Sanda to MMA in 2015 and won his first match at a competition run by Henan TV. “I was not sure whether I was suitable for Wushu when I first joined the club,” he told news media in May 2021. “But when I raised my arms and shouted in happiness after winning the match, I knew immediately that MMA was something I wanted to do for the rest of my life.” 1．Which statement fits the club? A．It charges for services. B．It targets urban students. C．It has been an entertainment center. D．It has evolved into a Wushu school. 2．How did the funder of the club help students with their studies? A．By turning to media for academic help. B．By qualifying them to attend public schools. C．By finding teachers to instruct them part-time. D．By providing materials for them to study independently. 3．What did the boy mentioned in the text want to convey to news media? A．He was born with hardship. B．His initial passion was MMA． C．His first win was of decisive significance. D．He was constantly confident about Wushu. 4．Which words can best describe the club? A．Official and selective. B．Supportive and influential. C．Exclusive and conventional. D．Temporary and unstructured. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家面向农村学生的提供免费的食宿和训练设施的慈善俱乐部，逐渐发展成为一所武术学校，并在学生业余时间教授学术科目。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Gradually, it became known as a Wushu school for children from rural areas and began to attract a steady flow of students, especially from underdeveloped areas in Sichuan.(渐渐地，它成为了一所面向农村儿童的武术学校，并开始吸引源源不断的学生，尤其是来自四川欠发达地区的学生。)”可知，俱乐部已经发展成为一所武术学校。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Consequently, he employed four teachers to teach academic subjects in the students’ spare time such as on nights and weekends.(因此，他聘请了四名教师，在学生的业余时间(如晚上和周末)教授学术科目。)”可知，俱乐部的资助者通过找老师部分时间教授学生，来帮助学生学习。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘I was not sure whether I was suitable for Wushu when I first joined the club,’ he told news media in May 2021. ‘But when I raised my arms and shouted in happiness after winning the match, I knew immediately that MMA was something I wanted to do for the rest of my life.’(他在2021年5月接受新闻媒体采访时说：‘刚加入这个俱乐部时，我不确定自己是否适合武术。’‘但当我在赢得比赛后举起双臂，高兴地大喊大叫时，我立刻意识到，综合格斗是我一生都想做的事情。’)”可知，文中提到的男孩想向新闻媒体传达，他的第一次胜利具有决定性意义。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段“The club provided free meals and accommodation as well as training facilities. Gradually, it became known as a Wushu school for children from rural areas and began to attract a steady flow of students, especially from underdeveloped areas in Sichuan.(俱乐部提供免费的食宿和训练设施。渐渐地，它成为了一所面向农村儿童的武术学校，并开始吸引源源不断的学生，尤其是来自四川欠发达地区的学生。)”和第三段中“Consequently, he employed four teachers to teach academic subjects in the students’ spare time such as on nights and weekends.(因此，他聘请了四名教师，在学生的业余时间(如晚上和周末)教授学术科目。)”可知，这个俱乐部是给予帮助和支持的。根据最后一段中“‘I was not sure whether I was suitable for Wushu when I first joined the club,’ he told news media in May 2021. ‘But when I raised my arms and shouted in happiness after winning the match, I knew immediately that MMA was something I wanted to do for the rest of my life.’(他在2021年5月接受新闻媒体采访时说：‘刚加入这个俱乐部时，我不确定自己是否适合武术。’‘但当我在赢得比赛后举起双臂，高兴地大喊大叫时，我立刻意识到，综合格斗是我一生都想做的事情。’)”可知，这个俱乐部是有影响力的，因此这个俱乐部是给予帮助和支持的，并且有影响力的。故选B项。 （十一） （内蒙古鄂尔多斯西四旗2022-2023高二下期末联考试卷） Most 5-year-olds are just learning to read and write but one little girl from the UK has actually written a book that was published in January, 2022. Bella-Jay Dark from Weymouth is the world’s youngest female to be published and was awarded the title by Guinness World Records. Her book, The Lost Cat tells the story of Snowy, a cat who got lost after going outside alone at night. Bella hopes the book will teach children not to go outside at night alone. While many adult writers find inspiration for their books from life experiences, Bella’s creative vision actually came from one of her drawings. “It started off as a picture. My dad also agreed I could make a book and a story coming from the picture,” Bella told Guinness World Records. Bella’s deciding to write a book wasn’t astounding to her mom, Chelsie Syme, who said that her daughter had been writing short stories since age three. Bella spent around five days writing the story and did all of the illustrations(插图) except for one picture that her older sister Lacie May drew. Syme hadn’t expected the book turned out as well as it did. “I thought it would just be some scribble(涂鸦),” she said. “I didn’t think it was going to go this far. I am so proud and want to see her get the acknowledgement she deserves.” To earn the Guinness World Records’ title of The World’s Youngest Published Author, Female, the book has to be published by a commercial publishing house and have at least 1,000 copies printed and sold. Bella’s book met the criteria (标准). Besides being an accomplished author, Bella is just a regular kid who enjoys reading swimming and playing on her tablet. In her free time, she is currently working on a sequel(续集) to Snowy’s story. 1．What does Bella want to tell children in her book? A．It is not easy to be a story writer. B．It is dangerous for cats to live alone. C．They should take good care of their cats. D．They shouldn’t go outside at night alone. 2．Where did Bella find inspiration for her book? A．From a cat’s daily life. B．From a picture she drew. C．From her father’s advice. D．From her life experiences. 3．What does the underlined word “astounding” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Surprising. B．Embarrassing. C．Moving. D．Inspiring. 4．What do we know about Bella? A．She has no sisters. B．She was born in 2016. C．She will continue to write. D．She doesn’t like swimming. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了英国5岁的小女孩Bella写了一本书，名叫《迷路的猫》，讲述了一只名叫白雪的猫在夜里独自外出后迷路的故事。Bella希望这本书能教会孩子们晚上不要独自外出。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Bella hopes the book will teach children not to go outside at night alone.(贝拉希望这本书能教会孩子们晚上不要独自外出)”可知，Bella想通过她的书告诉孩子们晚上不应该独自外出。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“While many adult writers find inspiration for their books from life experiences, Bella’s creative vision actually came from one of her drawings.(虽然许多成人作家从生活经历中寻找灵感来写书，但贝拉的创意灵感实际上来自她的一幅画)”可知， Bella写书的灵感来自于她的一幅画。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“who said that her daughter had been writing short stories since age three.”可知，Bella的妈妈Chelsie Syme说Bella从三岁起就一直在写短故事，所以她对 Bella 决定写书这件事并不感到惊讶。因此，画线词和 Surprising词义相近。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“In her free time, she is currently working on a sequel (续集) to Snowy’s story.(在她的空闲时间，她目前正在创作Snowy故事的续集)”可知，Bella将会继续写作。故选C。 （十二） （内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市2023-2024高二下期末试题） There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju’s farm in the southeastern Andhra Pradesh state of India. The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow waste and untreated sugar. The natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat. Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate change because the soil can hold more water. And they stress the crops’ stronger roots help plants deal with strong winds. Supporters say natural farming is successful in the state because of government support. Now, these methods should be spread across India’s agricultural lands. Without government support for natural farming, most Indian farmers still use farm chemicals and fertilizers. That puts them at risk when extreme weather hits. Many farmers are calling for greater state investment to help them deal with climate change. Last December, a storm brought heavy rainfall across India’s southeastern coast. It flooded towns and fields. Early studies showed more than 240,000 hectares of crops were destroyed in Andhra Pradesh state. Raju said the rainwater on their farms flowed into the ground in one day. The soil can take in more water because it is less solid than soil with farm chemicals. Soil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting different crops throughout the year helped keep the soil healthy. However, Raju’s neighbor, Srikanth Kanapala, said his farm was flooded for four days after the storm. Kanapala often uses farm chemicals and fertilizers on his farm. And he said seeing Raju’s crops held strong while his crops failed made him want to learn about other farming methods. Kanapala expected a potential financial hemorrhage of up to $600 as a consequence of the storm, a sum that constituted a significant economic burden for a farmer in India. “For the next planting season, I plan to learn from other farmers to give up farm chemicals,” he said. 1．What drives the expansion of natural farming in India? A．The limited farms. B．The climate impact on crops. C．The increased use of chemicals. D．The reduction of fertilizers. 2．What can be inferred about farm chemicals from paragraph 4? A．They help crops grow strong roots. B．They enhance soil’s water absorption. C．They ensure soil remains consistently wet. D．They make crops less resistant to the storm. 3．What does the underlined word “hemorrhage” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Loss. B．Increase. C．Benefit. D．Aid. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Chemicals: Harming Indian Farms B．Storms: a Threat to Indian Farmers C．Natural Farming: an Answer to Extreme Weather D．Indian Agriculture: Facing the Effect of Climate Change 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然农业中的一种天然材料可以保护农民的作物免受气候变化的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Farmers like Raju say natural materials protect their crops from climate change because the soil can hold more water. And they stress the crops’ stronger roots help plants deal with strong winds. Supporters say natural farming is successful in the state because of government support. Now, these methods should be spread across India’s agricultural lands.(像拉朱这样的农民说，天然材料可以保护他们的作物免受气候变化的影响，因为土壤可以容纳更多的水。他们还强调，作物结实的根系有助于植物应对强风。支持者表示，由于政府的支持，自然农业在该州取得了成功。)”可知，气候对农作物的影响推动了印度自然农业的发展。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Soil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting different crops throughout the year helped keep the soil healthy. However, Raju’s neighbor, Srikanth Kanapala, said his farm was flooded for four days after the storm. Kanapala often uses farm chemicals and fertilizers on his farm.(施用农药的土壤是干燥的。他补充说，全年种植不同的作物有助于保持土壤健康。然而，Raju的邻居Srikanth Kanapala说，风暴过后，他的农场被洪水淹没了四天。Kanapala经常在他的农场使用农药和化肥。)”可知，农药会使作物对暴风雨的抵抗力降低。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“a sum that constituted a significant economic burden for a farmer in India(对印度的一个农民来说，这是一笔巨大的经济负担。)”说明农民的经济损失巨大，从而推知划线词句“Kanapala expected a potential financial hemorrhage of up to $600 as a consequence of the storm(Kanapala预计，这场风暴可能造成高达600美元的经济hemorrhage)”其中划线词应为“损失”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is a strong smell that comes off Ratna Raju’s farm in the southeastern Andhra Pradesh state of India. The smell comes from a mixture of natural materials, like cow waste and untreated sugar. The natural materials help grow and protect crops in an area often hit by extreme weather and heat.(在印度东南部安得拉邦， Ratna Raju的农场散发出一股强烈的气味。这种气味来自天然物质的混合物，比如牛粪和未经处理的糖。这种天然材料有助于在一个经常遭受极端天气和高温袭击的地区种植和保护作物。)”可知，本文主要介绍了自然农业中的一种天然材料可以保护农民的作物免受气候变化的影响。C项“自然农业：应对极端天气”能概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$