专题2 代词八大要点归纳(讲义)-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)

2025-05-15
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学段 中职
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 -
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 词汇知识,词法知识
使用场景 中职复习-一轮复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 黑龙江省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 90.76 MB
发布时间 2025-05-15
更新时间 2025-05-15
作者 xxyy134
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2025-05-15
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/52124685.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

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编写说明:黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第2个专题,内容为代词。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题2 代词(讲+练) 【考点解读】 从近三年考卷可以看出,代词考点既考查了代词 “it” 作形式宾语或者形式主语以及人称代词和形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词的用法。尤其是类似 “find/consider + it + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do sth.”这类固定句型的考点更要注意。 代词综述及分类: 代词是代替名词或名词短语的词,根据其不同的含义和用法,可以分为以下几类: 代词 定义 形式 句法功能 例句 人称 代词 表示 “我”“你”“他”“她” “它”“我们”“你们”“他们” 等的代词 主格形式 作主语 I(我,主格)love her(她,宾格).(我爱她。) 宾格形式 作宾语、表语等 物主代词 表示所属关系的代词 形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,后面要接名词 This is my(我的,形容词性物主代词)book. 名词性物主代词 名词性物主代词相当于名词,可单独使用 That book is mine(我的,名词性物主代词).(这是我的书。那本书是我的。) 反身代词 表示动作回到执行者本身 “形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格 + self/selves” 构成 作宾语、表语、同位语 He hurt himself(他自己)yesterday.(他昨天伤到了自己。) 指示代词 用来指示或标识人或事物的代词 this(这个)、that(那个)、these(这些)、those(那些)等。例如:This is a pen.(这是一支钢笔。)Those are apples.(那些是苹果。) 疑问代词 用于构成特殊疑问句,用来询问人或事物 常见的有 what(什么)、who(谁)、whom(谁,宾格)、whose(谁的)、which(哪一个)等。例如:What is your name?(你叫什么名字?) 不定代词 不明确指代特定的人或事物的代词 some(一些)、any(任何)、no(没有)、every(每个)、all(所有)、both(两者都)、either(两者中的任何一个)、neither(两者都不)等。例如:Some students like English.(一些学生喜欢英语。) 关系代词 用于引导定语从句,连接先行词和定语从句,在从句中充当一定的成分 常见的有 who、whom、whose、which、that 等。例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。) 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词 有 each other(互相)和 one another(互相),在句中可作宾语。例如:They love each other.(他们彼此相爱。) 【知识点清单一】人称代词 【要点精讲】 人称代词是英语中最基本的代词之一。 定义与分类:人称代词是用来指代人或事物的代词,根据所指代的对象不同,分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称;根据在句子中的语法功能,又分为主格和宾格。 人称 形式 例句 第一人称单数 主格 I I like reading books.(我喜欢读书。) 宾格 me He gave a book to me.(他给了我一本书。) 第一人称复数 主格 we We are going to the cinema.(我们要去看电影。) 宾格 us Our parents love us very much.(我们的父母非常爱我们。) 第二人称单数 主格 you You are a good student.(你是个好学生。) 宾格 you Can you help me?(你能帮我吗?) I will invite you to my party.(我会邀请你参加我的派对。) 第二人称复数 主格 you You are all excellent.(你们都很优秀。) 宾格 you The teacher asked you to finish the task.(老师让你们完成任务。) 第三人称单数 主格 he He is playing football.(他在踢足球。) she She is singing a song.(她在唱歌。) it It is a cute cat.(它是一只可爱的猫。) 宾格 him The teacher called him to the office.(老师把他叫到办公室。) her I saw her at the park.(我在公园看到她。) it Don't touch it.(别碰它。) 第三人称复数 主格 they They are my friends.(他们是我的朋友。) They are playing basketball.(他们在打篮球。) 宾格 them I sent them some books.(我给他们寄了一些书。) The cat chased them.(猫追着它们。 ) 用法: 分类 用法 例句 主格用法 主格在句子中通常作主语,放在谓语动词之前,用来表示动作的执行者 She is a student.(她是一名学生。) He runs fast.(他跑得很快。) 宾格用法 宾格在句子中主要作宾语,用于动词或介词之后,用来表示动作的承受者。 I love him.(我喜欢他。) The book is for her.(这本书是给她的。) 特殊情况 在比较结构中,than 和 as 后面的人称代词用主格或宾格都可以,口语中常用宾格,书面语中常用主格。 He is taller than me/I.(他比我高。) 当人称代词作表语时,在正式文体中用主格,在口语中常用宾格。 —Who is it? —It's me. (— 是谁?— 是我。) 人称代词的顺序 一般情况:“你他我”(你在前,他其次,我最后)。担责时:“我你他”(我主动担责,放在最前)。复数:“我们你们他们”(先自己人,再他人)。 You, he and I are good friends. (你、他和我是好朋友。) I and he are to blame.(我和他应该受到责备。) We and they are colleagues. 我们和他们是同事。 【即时训练】 一、单项选择 1.—Who is knocking at the door? —It’s ______. Let ______ in. A. I; me B. me; I C. me; me D. I; I 2.______ often play basketball with ______ after school. A. He; they B. He; them C. Him; they D. Him; them 3.The teacher told ______ to do ______ homework on time. A. we; us B. us; our C. our; us D. we; our 4.______ is a beautiful city. ______ people are very friendly. A. It; Its B. Its; It C. It; It D. Its; Its 5.My parents love ______ very much, and I love ______ too. A. I; they B. me; they C. I; them D. me; them 二、用所给人称代词的适当形式填空 1.______ (I) am a student. ______ (I) name is Tom. 2.Look at ______ (he). ______ (he) is wearing a new T - shirt. 3.Let ______ (we) go to the park. ______ (we) can have a good time there. 4.These books are ______ (they). ______ (they) bought them yesterday. 5.Do you know ______ (she)? ______ (she) is ______ (I) sister. 三、改错(每题有一处错误,请找出并改正) 1.Him and I are going to the cinema tonight. 2.The cat is cute. I like it very much. It fur is soft. 3.She gave the books to you and I. 4.We should help they when they are in trouble. 5.Her is a good student. Her teachers like her. 【知识点清单二】物主代词 物主代词是表示所属关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 【要点精讲】 分类 形式 用法 例句 形容词性 物主代词 my(我的),your(你的,你们的),his(他的),her(她的),its(它的),our(我们的), their(他们的,她们的,它们的)。 形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,置于名词前,起修饰作用,表示某人的。 This is my book.(这是我的书。) 名词性 物主代词 mine(我的),yours(你的,你们的),his(他的),hers(她的),its(它的),ours(我们的),theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)。 名词性物主代词相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,用来避免重复前面已提及的名词。 This book is mine.(这本书是我的。) 两种物主代词的关系 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词。 My pen is black, and yours (your pen) is blue.(我的钢笔是黑色的,你的钢笔是蓝色的。) 物主代词的特殊用法 双重所有格 “of + 名词性物主代词” 构成双重所有格,用来表示 “部分” 概念或带有感情色彩。 He is a friend of mine.(他是我的一个朋友。) its 与 it's 的区别 its 是物主代词,表示 “它的”;it's 是 it is 的缩写,意为 “它是”。 The dog has its own bed.(狗有它自己的床。)It's a nice day today.(今天天气很好。) 2.口诀助记 形式记忆口诀 我的 my,你的 your,his、her、its 各有主。我们的 our,他们的 their, 形容词性物主代。其后名词常相伴,表示所有是本意。 名词性物主代,变化规则要牢记。my 变 mine,your 变 yours, his、hers、its 无变化。our 变 ours,their 变 theirs, 形容词性 物主代词口诀 形容词性物主代, 修饰名词不奇怪 My mother is a teacher.(我的妈妈是一名老师,“my” 修饰名词 “mother” ) 表明物品属谁的, 其后常把名词带 Their house is very big.(他们的房子非常大,“their” 表明房子归属,后接名词 “house”) 名词性物主 代词口诀 名词性物主代, 独立使用不依赖 The book on the desk is hers.(桌上的书是她的,“hers” 独立使用,无需再跟名词) 相当于‘形物代 + 名’, 省去名词更明白 This pen is yours. That one is mine.(这支笔是你的,那支是我的,“yours” = your pen,“mine” = my pen ) 综合口诀 形容词性能力弱, 自己不能来干活, 后面要把名词加 His car is red.(他的汽车是红色的,“his” 后需加名词 “car” ) 名词性物主代词强, 单独使用可担当, 主宾表语都能当 作主语:Ours is a beautiful school.(我们的(学校)是一所漂亮的学校) 作宾语:I like yours better than hers.(比起她的,我更喜欢你的) 作表语:The bag is theirs.(这个包是他们的) 【即时训练】 一、单项选择 1.—Is this ______ ruler? —No, it’s not mine. It’s hers. A. My B. your C. his D. her 2.The blue jacket is ______, and the white one is ______. A. his; my B. his; mine C. him; mine D. he; my 3.—Are these books ______? —Yes, they are ______. A. your; our B. yours; our C. your; ours D. yours; ours 4.Look at the cat. ______ name is Mimi. A. It B. It’s C. Its D. Its’ 5.—Whose dictionary is this? —It’s ______. A. Lucy B. Lucy’s C. her D. him 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.These are ______ (I) pencils. Where are ______ (you)? 2.This isn’t her bag. ______ (she) is on the desk. 3.—Is this ______ (he) computer? —Yes, it’s ______ (he). 4.Our classroom is big, but ______ (they) is small. 5.The red jacket is ______ (my). ______ (you) jacket is yellow. 三、句子改写 1.This is my bike.(改为同义句) This bike ______ ______. 2.These are their books.(改为同义句) These books ______ ______. 3.Is this your pen?(改为同义句) Is this pen ______? 4.Her schoolbag is blue.(对划线部分提问) ______ schoolbag is blue? 5.The ruler is his.(改为一般疑问句) ______ the ruler ______? 四、改错(每句一处错误) 1.This is mine book. ______ 2.These pencils are her. ______ 3.Our classroom is cleaner than them. ______ 4.It’s a dog. It name is Coco. ______ 5.Those are your boxes. Where are our? ______ 【知识点清单三】反身代词 【要点精讲】 反身代词是表示反射或强调的代词,由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称的人称代词宾格加上- self 或- selves 构成。 构成 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself, herself, itself themselves 用法 作宾语:当句子的主语和宾语是同一人或事物时,宾语要用反身代词。 He hurt himself when he played basketball.(他打篮球时伤到了自己。) 作表语:用于 be 动词、seem 等系动词之后,说明主语的状态或特征。 The poor boy was myself.(那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。) 作同位语:用于名词或代词之后,起强调作用,可译为 “亲自”“本人”。 The president himself will attend the meeting.(总统本人将出席会议。) 常见 搭配 by oneself: “独自地,单独地”,强调没有其他人帮助。 He finished his homework by himself.(他独自完成了作业。) enjoy oneself: “玩得开心,过得愉快”。 We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.(昨晚我们在聚会上玩得很开心。) help oneself to: “随便吃 / 喝 / 拿……”,常用于招待客人的场合。 Help yourself to some fruits, please.(请随便吃些水果。) teach oneself: “自学”。 She taught herself English when she was young.(她年轻时自学英语。) hurt oneself “伤到自己”。 Be careful not to hurt yourself.(小心别伤到自己。) introduce oneself “自我介绍” Please introduce yourself before the class.(请在全班同学面前自我介绍一下。) lose oneself in: “沉浸在…… 中,迷失在…… 中”,常指某人专注于某事而忘记了周围的环境。 He lost himself in the beautiful music.(他沉浸在美妙的音乐中。) 注意 事项 反身代词在句中要与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、数和性别上保持一致。 有些动词后常跟反身代词 dress oneself(给自己穿衣服), seat oneself(就座)等。 The little girl can dress herself now.(这个小女孩现在能自己穿衣服了。) 口诀 助记 反身代词莫乱用,能用它时记心中。动介之后常出现,强调自身也能行。 作宾表示同主语,动作回到自身停。作表表示状态情,“是自己” 来要记清。 作主同位放其后,强调本人或本物。by oneself 单独处,oneself 前要把 by 用。 【即时训练】 1.Look at the girl in the mirror. She can’t believe ______ eyes. A. her B. hers C. herself D. she 2.We should learn to look after ______ when we are alone at home. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 3.The little boy is old enough to dress ______ now. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 4.—Who taught ______ French? —Nobody. She learned all by ______. A. herself; her B. she; herself C. her; herself D. her; she 5.Don't worry about Tom. He can take good care of ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 【知识点清单四】指示代词 【要点精讲】 定义:指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词,在句子中可以明确指出所谈论的对象,使表达更加具体、准确。常见指示代词(this、that、these、those、same、such),指示代词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 代词 用法 例句 this / these 近距离指示:用于指时间或空间上较近的人或事物。 This is my present address.(这是我现在的地址。) These are my recent works.(这些是我最近的作品。) 介绍人物:在介绍别人时,常用 “This is...” 结构。 This is my friend Tom.(这是我的朋友汤姆。) 引出下文:可以用于引出即将要提到的内容,有 “下面这个” 的含义。 This is what I want to tell you.(这就是我想告诉你的事。) that / those 远距离指示:用于指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。 That was a long - time ago.(那是很久以前的事了。)Those are the mountains in the distance.(那些是远处的山脉。) 替代前文名词:为避免重复,that 可替代前文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,those 替代复数可数名词。 The air in the countryside is fresher than that in the city.(乡村的空气比城市的空气更清新。) The computers in our school are better than those in theirs.(我们学校的电脑比他们学校的好。) 电话用语:在电话中,用 that 询问对方是谁 Hello, who's that?(你好,你是谁?) same 常与 “the” 连用,指代前面提到过的相同的事物或情况等。 I got a good grade in the exam, and the same is true for my sister.(我在考试中取得了好成绩,我妹妹也是如此。) such 可指代前面提到的人、事物或情况,也可用于指代后面即将提到的内容。 He is a great scientist, and such is his reputation all over the world.(他是一位伟大的科学家,这就是他在全世界的声誉。)Such was the story he told me.(这就是他给我讲的故事。) 语法功能 作主语 This is a book.”(这是一本书。)“That is my teacher.”(那是我的老师。) 作宾语 I like these.(我喜欢这些。)He saw that.(他看到了那个。) 作定语 This car is very fast.(这辆车非常快。) Those flowers are beautiful.(那些花很漂亮。)The same mistake should not be made again.(同样的错误不应该再犯。)He is such a clever boy.(他是如此聪明的一个男孩。) 注意事项 在使用指示代词时,要注意其单复数形式与所指代的对象保持一致。 this、that、these、those 在指代时,其远近关系要根据具体的语境来准确判断。 same 通常与定冠词 the 搭配使用,such 在修饰名词时,要注意名词的可数性和冠词的使用规则。 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.Look at ______ boy over there. He is my brother. A. this B. that C. these D. those 2.—What are ______? —They are apples. A. this B. that C. these D. it 3.The weather in Beijing is colder than ______ in Guangzhou in winter. A. this B. that C. these D. those 二、填空题 1.______ is my pen and ______ is your pencil.(this /that) 2.—Are ______ your books? —Yes, they are.(these /those) 3.The flowers in the garden are more beautiful than ______ in the park.(this /that/these /those) 三、改错题 1.This are my friends. They are from America. 2.That books are very interesting. 3.The weather in summer here is hotter than this in my hometown. 四、翻译题 1.这是我见过的最漂亮的画。 2.那些苹果是给你的。 3.我喜欢这种音乐。 【知识点清单五】疑问代词 【要点精讲】 定义:疑问代词是英语中用于构成特殊疑问句的一类代词,主要有 who、whom、whose、what、which 等。 单词 用法 例句 who 通常用来询问 “谁”,在句中作主语或宾语,用来指人。 Who is that man?(那个男人是谁?) Who did you meet yesterday?(你昨天遇见了谁?) whom who 的宾格形式,在句中作宾语,不过在现代英语中,who 也常可代替 whom 作宾语。 例如:Whom did you give the book to? = Who did you give the book to?(你把书给了谁?) whose 用来询问 “谁的”,既可以作定语,修饰名词,也可以单独使用,作主语、宾语或表语。 Whose book is this?(这是谁的书?)Whose is this book?(这本书是谁的?) what 可以询问 “什么”,用来指物,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 What is your name?(你叫什么名字?)What do you want to drink?(你想喝点什么?)What color is your car?(你的车是什么颜色的?) which 用于在一定范围内询问 “哪一个” 或 “哪些”,可指人或物,在句中作主语、宾语、定语等。 Which book do you like best?(你最喜欢哪本书?)Which is your favorite subject, English or math?(英语和数学,你最喜欢哪门学科?) 特殊用法 特殊形式 特殊用法 例句 what about / how about: 用于提出建议或询问情况,意为 “…… 怎么样?”“…… 如何?” What about going for a walk?(去散步怎么样?) How about your new job?(你的新工作如何?) what if 表示 “如果…… 将会怎样”,用来询问一种假设情况的结果。 What if it rains tomorrow?(如果明天下雨将会怎样?) which one 常用来强调在多个选项中进行选择 There are many pens here. Which one do you want?(这里有很多钢笔。你想要哪一支?) 疑问代词 + 不定式 构成 “疑问代词 + to do” 结构,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等 I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。) 介词 + 疑问代词 “with whom”“for what”“about which” 等,用于更具体地询问关于某人或某事的情况。 With whom did you go to the party? (你和谁一起去参加派对的?) 注意 在使用疑问代词时,要注意其在句中的语法功能和语序。在特殊疑问句中,一般采用 “疑问代词 + 一般疑问句语序” 的结构,但当疑问代词在句中作主语时,语序与陈述句相同。例如:Who is in the classroom?(谁在教室里?) 要根据具体的语境和询问对象正确选择疑问代词。例如,询问人的身份用 who,询问事物用 what,询问所属关系用 whose 等。 【即时训练】 一、单项选择 1.—______ is your father? —He is a doctor. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Where 2.—______ book is this? —It's mine. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 3—______ of the two girls is your sister? —The one in red. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 4.—______ do you want to buy? —I want to buy a new dress. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Where 5.—______ are you talking to? —My mother. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Whose 二、用适当的疑问代词填空 1.______ is your favorite subject? 2.______ did you go to the park with? 3.______ bike is better, this one or that one? 4.______ is the man over there? 5.______ bag is lost? 三、句型转换 1.This is my book.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ is this? 2. The boy in blue is my brother.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ is your brother? 3. I like the red dress.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ do you like? 4.He is talking to his teacher.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ he talking to? 5.My mother is a nurse.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ your mother do? 四、阅读理解(根据短文内容回答问题) Hello, my name is Tom. I have a good friend. His name is Mike. We are in the same school. Mike has a sister. Her name is Linda. She is only five years old. We often play games together. 1.Who is Tom's good friend? 2.What's Mike's sister's name? 3.How old is Linda? 4.Who do Tom and Mike often play games with? 【知识点清单六】不定代词 【要点精讲】 定义:不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。 分类:常见的不定代词有 some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone)以及all,each,both,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。 1. 语法功能 用法 例句 作主语 不定代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据不定代词所指代的内容来确定。 Everyone is here.(每个人都在这儿。) All are interested in the movie.(所有人都对这部电影感兴趣。) 作宾语 可以作动词或介词的宾语。 I like some of these books.(我喜欢这些书中的一些。)He is looking for someone.(他在找某个人。) 作表语 用于说明主语的身份、特征等。 My problem is none of your business. (我的问题与你无关。) 作定语 修饰名词,放在名词前面。 There are few apples left.(剩下没几个苹果了。)You can take any book you like.(你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。) 2.四类不定代词用法辨析 分类 用法 举例 由some引导。 不定代词some-常用于肯定句。疑问句中,如果希望得到对方肯定的回答,有时也会用some-。 somebody/someone意思是“某人”,something表示“某物”。 There is somebody/someone beside the window. 窗户旁有个人。(不指代具体是哪个人,泛指) Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗?(不指代具体吃啥东西,用于疑问句中,希望得到对方肯定回答) 由any引导 不定代词any-常用于否定句或疑问句。 anybody/anyone表示“某人”,anything表示“某物"。 Did you see anybody/anyone there? 你在那儿看到什么人了吗?(没有明确的对象,用于疑问句) I didn't see anybody/anyone. 我谁也没看到。(没有明确的对象,用于否定句) 由no引导 不定代词no-表达否定含义nobody/no one表示“没有人”, nobody =no one= not anyone/anybody, nothing = not anything There is nobody in the school. = There is not anybody/anyone in the school.=No one is in the school. 学校里面没有人。 There is nothing in the box.= There is not anything in the box. 盒子里什么都没有。 由every引导 不定代词every-可以用于各种句式中。 everybody/everyone的意思是“每个人”,everything的意思是“每件事,一切”。 例: Is everybody /everyone here?大家都在吗? Everything is ready.一切都准备好了。 注意:不定代词everybody/everyone/everything般都被视作单数, 谓语动词用三单形式。 3.具体不定代词用法详解 不定 代词 用法 举例 some 与 any some:一般用于肯定句中,表示 “一些”,既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。 There are some books on the table.(桌子上有一些书。)I have some water.(我有一些水。) 在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,也用 some。 Would you like some tea?(你想喝点茶吗?) any:用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中,意思是 “任何;一些”。 I don't have any money.(我没有钱。) Do you have any questions?(你有任何问题吗?)If you have any problems, please let me know.(如果你有任何问题,请告诉我。) many 与 much many:修饰可数名词复数,意为 “许多”。 Many students like playing basketball.(许多学生喜欢打篮球。) much:修饰不可数名词,意为 “许多”。 There is much water in the bottle.(瓶子里有很多水。) few, a few; little, a little few: “很少;几乎没有”,修饰可数名词复数,含否定意义 Few people came to the meeting.(几乎没有人来参加会议。) a few:“几个;一些”,修饰可数名词复数,含肯定意义。 I have a few friends here.(我在这里有几个朋友。) little:表示 “很少;几乎没有”,修饰不可数名词,含否定意义。 There is little time left.(几乎没有时间剩下了。) a little:表示 “一点儿;少量”,修饰不可数名词,含肯定意义。 Could you give me a little water?(你能给我一点儿水吗?) both 与 all both:表示 “两者都”,用于两者之间,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 Both of my parents are teachers.(我的父母都是老师。) all:表示 “全部;所有”,用于三者或三者以上,作主语时谓语动词根据情况可用单数或复数。 All the students are in the classroom.(所有学生都在教室里。)All is well.(一切都好。) either 与 neither either:表示 “两者中的任何一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 Either of the books is interesting.(这两本书中的任何一本都很有趣。) neither:表示 “两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词也用单数形式。 Neither of them likes music.(他们两个都不喜欢音乐。) one,each, every one可指人或物,用来代替上文出现过的单数可数名词,避免重复。 复数形式为 ones,用来代替复数可数名词。 I don't have a pen. Can you lend me one?(我没有钢笔。你能借我一支吗?) These books are interesting. I like the ones on the shelf.(这些书很有趣。我喜欢书架上的那些。) each强调个体,指两个或两个以上的人或物中的 “每一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 可与 of 短语连用,each of 后接复数名词或代词,作主语时谓语动词也用单数。 Each student has a dictionary.(每个学生都有一本字典。) Each of them has a different idea.(他们每个人都有不同的想法。) every强调整体,指三个或三个以上的人或物中的 “每一个”,只能作定语,修饰单数可数名词。 不能与 of 短语连用,但可以说 “every one of + 复数名词或代词”,此时谓语动词用单数。 Every day is important.(每一天都很重要。) Every one of the students in our class likes English.(我们班的每个学生都喜欢英语。) other another other作形容词,意为 “别的;其他的”,修饰名词。 We study Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.(我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他学科。) another表示 “另一个;又一个”,用于三者或三者以上,后接单数可数名词。 也可用于 “another + 数词 + 复数名词” 结构中,表示 “再;又”。 I don't like this shirt. Please show me another one.(我不喜欢这件衬衫。请给我看另一件。) We need another three chairs.(我们还需要三把椅子。) none nobody no one none表示 “没有人;没有任何东西”,可指人也可指物,作主语时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。常与 of 短语连用,none of 后接复数名词或代词。回答 how many/much 问句。 None of the students has /have seen the film.(学生们都没有看过这部电影。) None of them is /are from China.(他们中没有一个人来自中国。) no one 泛指 “没有人”,不强调范围;作主语时表 “没有人”,谓语用单数,回答 who 问句。 Nobody called, did they?(没人打电话,是吗?) nobody 偶尔可隐含范围,但推荐用 none of 明确范围。作主语时表 “没有人”,谓语用单数,回答 who 问句。 no one 不接 of,nobody 范围弱;回答 who 用两者,回答 how many 找 none。 No one knows the secret, does he/she?(没人知道这个秘密,对吗?) 4. 1)other 用法:other 的用法较为灵活,可作形容词、代词,含义为 “其他的、别的”。 用法 含义 举例 作形容词(后接名词) 接可数名词复数或不可数名词,表示 “其他的、别的”。 泛指其他的(无范围限定) Do you have any other questions?(你还有其他问题吗?) I like reading other books besides novels.(除了小说,我还喜欢读其他书。) 特指剩余的(有范围限定,常与 the 连用) the other + 名词:指 “两者中剩下的另一个” 或 “某一范围内剩余的全部”。 I have two cats. One is black, the other cat is white.(我有两只猫,一只黑色,另一只白色。) There are 50 students in our class. 30 are girls, the other students are boys.(班里 50 人,30 个女生,其余是男生。) 作代词(后不接名词)可单独使用,指代 “其他的人或物” other(泛指其他的,复数概念) 相当于 “other + 复数名词”,泛指 “其他的人或物”,无范围限制。 Some people like coffee, others prefer tea.(有些人喜欢咖啡,其他人喜欢茶。) I don’t like these shoes. Can you show me others?(我不喜欢这几双鞋,能给我看看其他的吗?) the other(特指两者中的另一个) 用于两者之间,指代 “剩下的那一个”,常用于 one...the other... 结构。 She has two sons. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.(她有两个儿子,一个是医生,另一个是老师。) Hold the ruler in one hand and the pen in the other.(一只手拿尺子,另一只手拿笔。) others(泛指其他的人或物,复数) 相当于 “other + 复数名词”,泛指 “其他的一些人或物”,但非全部。 Some students like sports, others enjoy painting.(一些学生喜欢运动,另一些喜欢绘画。) This coat is too small. I need to buy others.(这件外套太小了,我得买其他的。) the others(特指某一范围内剩余的全部)指 “某一范围内除了已提及的人或物外,剩余的全部”,相当于 “the other + 复数名词”。 There are 10 books on the desk. Two are mine, the others are yours.(桌上有 10 本书,两本是我的,其余都是你的。) Five students passed the exam; the others failed.(5 个学生通过了考试,其余的没通过。) 短语 each other /one another(互相)each other 更常用在两者之间,one another 多用于三者及以上,但现代英语中可通用。 The two sisters help each other with homework.(两姐妹互相帮着做作业。) Friends should care for one another.(朋友之间应该互相关心。) any other(其他任何一个,常用于比较级或最高级) 表示 “在同一范围内除了某人或某物外的其他任何一个”。 China is larger than any other country in Asia.(中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。) He is taller than any other student in the class.(他比班里其他任何学生都高。) every other...(每隔一个的) 表示 “每隔一个”,常用于时间或数量间隔。 Take the medicine every other day.(每隔一天吃一次药。) Write on every other line.(隔行书写。) other than(除了、不同于) 相当于 “except” 或 “besides”,表示排除或例外。 I have no friends other than you.(除了你,我没有其他朋友。) She never does anything other than watch TV.(她除了看电视什么也不做。) 2)易混辨析:other /others/the other /the others /another 形式 词性 含义 例句对比 other 形容词 其他的(后接名词) I need other pens.(我需要其他钢笔。) others 代词 其他的人 / 物(泛指复数) Some like tea, others like coffee. the other 代词 / 形容词 两者中的另一个(特指) One hand is big; the other is small. the others 代词 某范围剩余的全部(特指复数) Five are red; the others are blue. another 代词 / 形容词 三者及以上中的另一个(泛指单数) I need another book.(我需要另一本 3)other总结记忆口诀 other 后接名词复,泛指其他无范围; the other 特指两者另,one...the other 是固定; others 代指复数人 / 物,泛指部分非全部; the others 特指剩全部,范围明确要牢记; another 三者另一个,后接单数或 “数 + 名”。 5.注意事项 1)不定代词作主语时,要注意主谓一致的问题,尤其像 each、every、either、neither 等作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。 2)当形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要放在不定代词的后面。例如:something interesting(一些有趣的事情),nothing important(没有什么重要的事)。 3)要注意区分不同不定代词的含义和用法,根据具体语境选择合适的不定代词。例如,在表示 “两者都” 时用 both,“三者或三者以上都” 时用 all;在否定句中表示 “也不” 时用 either(用于句末),表示 “两者都不” 时用 neither。 6.在谚语中出现的复合不定代词 1.Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人管等于没有人管。 2.Everybody’s friend is nobody’s friend. 每个人的朋友就不是任何人的朋友。 3.Everything is good for something. 是东西都有用处。 4.Everything has two sides. 事物都有两面性。 5.He who has no conscience has nothing. 没有良心的人一无所有。 6.Nothing succeeds like success. 一事成功,事事成功。 7.Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。 8.Money isn’t everything. 钱不是万能的。 9.To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通,样样稀 10.Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 东西是新的好,朋友是老的好。 【即时训练】 一、单项选择题 1.There is ______ wrong with my watch. It doesn't work. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 2——Is there ______ in today's newspaper? ——Yes, there is. A. new something B. new anything C. something new D. anything new 3.I have two sisters. ______ of them are teachers. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 4.——Which of the two T - shirts will you take? ——I'll take ______. One is for my brother and the other is for myself. A. either B. both C. all D. none 5.——Do you have ______ to say today? ——No, nothing. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything 二、用适当的不定代词填空 1.______ is ready. Let's start. 2.——Would you like ______ to drink? ——Yes, please. A cup of coffee, please. 3.There isn't ______ in the classroom. All the students are on the playground. 4.I have ______ to tell you. Please come here. 5.______ of the students in our class likes English. We all study hard at it. 三、完形填空 I have a big family. There are 1. ______ people in my family. They are my grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, sister and I. We live a happy life. My grandfather and grandmother are very old. They stay at home 2. ______ day. My father is a doctor. He works in a hospital. He is very busy. My mother is a teacher. She 3. ______ English in a middle school. She is also very busy. My sister and I are students. We are in the same school. We have many friends. We all like 4. ______. We often go to the park on Sundays. We have a good time there. There is a river in the park. We can see many fish in it. Sometimes we go fishing in the river. We enjoy 5. ______. 1.A. some B. many C. any D. much 2.A. every B. each C. all D. both 3.A. teaches B. teaches to C. teach D. teach to 4.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 5.A. ourselves B. themselves C. himself D. herself 四、阅读理解 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you. Now I want to tell you about my weekend life. On Saturday morning, I usually get up late. Then I do my homework. In the afternoon, I go shopping with my mother. We buy 1. ______ fruits and vegetables. We also buy some new clothes. On Saturday evening, I watch TV with my family. We watch a very interesting movie. On Sunday morning, I go to the library. I read 2. ______ books there. I like reading very much. In the afternoon, I play basketball with my friends. We have a great time. On Sunday evening, I clean my room. I put 3. ______ in order. Then I go to bed early. This is my weekend life. What about yours? Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Ming 1.请在文中 1 - 3 处填入合适的不定代词。根据短文内容,判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)。 (1) Li Ming gets up early on Saturday morning. ( ) (2) Li Ming goes shopping with his mother on Saturday afternoon. ( ) (3) Li Ming reads some books in the library on Sunday morning. ( ) (4) Li Ming plays football with his friends on Sunday afternoon. ( ) (5) Li Ming cleans his room on Sunday evening. ( ) 【知识点清单七】代词it 【要点精讲】1)代词 it 的用法非常灵活,既可以指代具体事物,也能用于抽象语境或固定句型。 用法 具体分类 举例 指代具体事物或动物 指代前文提到的单数名词 替代可数名词单数或不可数名词,避免重复。 I bought a new book. It is very interesting.(我买了一本新书,它很有趣。) The water is cold. Don’t drink it.(水很凉,别喝它。) 指代婴儿或不明身份的人,当不确定性别或指代敲门者、电话中的人时。 Look at the baby! It is smiling.(看那个宝宝!它在笑呢。) Who is knocking? It must be the postman.(谁在敲门?一定是邮递员。) 指代动物(尤其是宠物) 若强调动物的个体性,也可用 he/she,但 it 更常见。 The dog is cute. It likes to play with balls.(这只狗很可爱,它喜欢玩球。) 指代抽象事物或概念 指代天气、时间、距离、温度等无实际语义,仅作形式主语。 It is sunny today.(今天天气晴朗。) What time is it? It’s 3 o’clock.(几点了?三点。) It is 5 kilometers from here to the station.(从这里到车站有 5 公里。) 指代前文提到的情况或句子 替代整个事件、想法或情况。 He said he would come, but it didn’t happen.(他说会来,但这事没发生。) She failed the exam, and it made her sad.(她考试不及格,这让她很难过。) 作形式主语或形式宾语 形式主语:替代不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)或从句 避免句子头重脚轻,真正的主语后置。 It is important to learn English.(学英语很重要。) ▶ 真正主语:to learn English It feels good staying at home.(待在家里感觉不错。) ▶ 真正主语:staying at home It is unknown whether he will come.(他是否会来还不清楚。) ▶ 真正主语:whether he will come 形式宾语:替代不定式或从句 用于 “动词 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语” 结构中。 I think it necessary to study hard.(我认为努力学习是必要的。)▶ 真正宾语:to study hard She made it clear that she disagreed.(她明确表示不同意。)▶ 真正宾语:that she disagreed 固定句型中的 it 强调句 结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分 It was Tom that/who broke the window.(是汤姆打破了窗户。) It is in the park that we met for the first time.(我们第一次见面是在公园里。) 习惯用语 It seems/appears that…(似乎……) It seems that he is angry.(他似乎生气了。) It takes + 时间 + to do sth.(做某事花费…… 时间) It takes 2 hours to finish the work.(完成这项工作需要 2 小时。) It’s time to do/for sth.(该做某事了) It’s time to go to school.(该去上学了。) It happens that…(碰巧……) It happened that I was out when he called.(他打电话时我碰巧出去了。) 2)易混淆用法对比 用法 it one that 指代对象 同名同物(单数 / 不可数) 同名异物(单数,泛指) 同名异物(单数 / 不可数,特指) 例句 I have a pen. It is black. I need a pen. I’ll buy one. The weather here is hotter  that in Beijing. 注意事项 不可指代人(特殊情况除外): 一般用 he/she/they 指代人,除非婴儿或身份不明者(如前文所述)。 与 there 的区别: it 指代具体事物或抽象概念,there 表示 “存在”(如:There is a book on the desk.)。 【即时训练】 1. —Where is my pen? —I saw ______ on the desk just now. A. one B. it C. that D. this 2. ______ is important to protect the environment. A. This B. That C. It D. There 3. I bought a new phone and ______ cost me 5000 yuan. A. It B. one C. this D. that 4. —Who is knocking at the door? —______ must be the delivery man. A. He B. She C. It D. This 5. I find ______ difficult to learn physics well. A. this B. that C. it D. its 【知识点清单八】关系代词(只做简单了解,具体用法放在定语从句中讲解+练习) 关系代词(Relative Pronouns) 用于引导定语从句(也称关系从句),连接先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)和从句,同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。常见的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that,此外还有 as(较少见,用于特殊结构)。 常见关系代词的用法及例句 关系代词 用法 例句 who 指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语(口语中可代替 whom 作宾语)。 The man who is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.(正在会上发言的那个人是我的老师。) 先行词:the man;从句主语:who The girl who I met yesterday is my cousin.(我昨天遇见的那个女孩是我表妹。) 先行词:the girl;从句宾语:who(可替换为 whom) whom 指代人,在从句中作宾语,正式语境中多用 whom,口语中可用 who 或省略。 The doctor whom you are looking for is in the hospital.(你在找的那位医生在医院里。) ▶ 先行词:the doctor;从句宾语:whom(可替换为 who 或省略) This is the person to whom I gave the book.(这就是我把书给的那个人。)▶ 介词后必须用 whom,不可用 who whose 指代人或物,表示所属关系(“…… 的”),在从句中作定语。 The woman whose son won the competition is my neighbor.(儿子赢了比赛的那位女士是我的邻居。) ▶ 先行词:the woman;whose son = the son of the woman This is the house whose windows face the sea.(这就是窗户面朝大海的那栋房子。) ▶ 先行词:the house;whose windows = the windows of the house which 指代物或整个句子,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 The book which is on the desk is mine.(桌上的那本书是我的。) ▶ 先行词:the book;从句主语:which The movie which we watched last night was fantastic.(我们昨晚看的电影很棒。) ▶ 先行词:the movie;从句宾语:which(可省略) He failed the exam, which made his parents angry.(他考试不及格,这让他父母很生气。) ▶ which 指代整个主句 “他考试不及格” 这件事 that 指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 The girl that you saw yesterday is my sister.(你昨天看到的那个女孩是我妹妹。) ▶ 先行词:the girl;从句宾语:that(可省略) This is the car that my father bought last year.(这是我爸爸去年买的车。) ▶ 先行词:the car;从句宾语:that(可省略) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明:黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第2个专题,内容为代词。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题2 代词(讲+练) 【考点解读】 从近三年考卷可以看出,代词考点既考查了代词 “it” 作形式宾语或者形式主语以及人称代词和形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词的用法。尤其是类似 “find/consider + it + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do sth.”这类固定句型的考点更要注意。 代词综述及分类: 代词是代替名词或名词短语的词,根据其不同的含义和用法,可以分为以下几类: 代词 定义 形式 句法功能 例句 人称 代词 表示 “我”“你”“他”“她” “它”“我们”“你们”“他们” 等的代词 主格形式 作主语 I(我,主格)love her(她,宾格).(我爱她。) 宾格形式 作宾语、表语等 物主代词 表示所属关系的代词 形容词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,后面要接名词 This is my(我的,形容词性物主代词)book. 名词性物主代词 名词性物主代词相当于名词,可单独使用 That book is mine(我的,名词性物主代词).(这是我的书。那本书是我的。) 反身代词 表示动作回到执行者本身 “形容词性物主代词或人称代词宾格 + self/selves” 构成 作宾语、表语、同位语 He hurt himself(他自己)yesterday.(他昨天伤到了自己。) 指示代词 用来指示或标识人或事物的代词 this(这个)、that(那个)、these(这些)、those(那些)等。例如:This is a pen.(这是一支钢笔。)Those are apples.(那些是苹果。) 疑问代词 用于构成特殊疑问句,用来询问人或事物 常见的有 what(什么)、who(谁)、whom(谁,宾格)、whose(谁的)、which(哪一个)等。例如:What is your name?(你叫什么名字?) 不定代词 不明确指代特定的人或事物的代词 some(一些)、any(任何)、no(没有)、every(每个)、all(所有)、both(两者都)、either(两者中的任何一个)、neither(两者都不)等。例如:Some students like English.(一些学生喜欢英语。) 关系代词 用于引导定语从句,连接先行词和定语从句,在从句中充当一定的成分 常见的有 who、whom、whose、which、that 等。例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。) 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词 有 each other(互相)和 one another(互相),在句中可作宾语。例如:They love each other.(他们彼此相爱。) 【知识点清单一】人称代词 【要点精讲】 人称代词是英语中最基本的代词之一。 定义与分类:人称代词是用来指代人或事物的代词,根据所指代的对象不同,分为第一人称、第二人称和第三人称;根据在句子中的语法功能,又分为主格和宾格。 人称 形式 例句 第一人称单数 主格 I I like reading books.(我喜欢读书。) 宾格 me He gave a book to me.(他给了我一本书。) 第一人称复数 主格 we We are going to the cinema.(我们要去看电影。) 宾格 us Our parents love us very much.(我们的父母非常爱我们。) 第二人称单数 主格 you You are a good student.(你是个好学生。) 宾格 you Can you help me?(你能帮我吗?) I will invite you to my party.(我会邀请你参加我的派对。) 第二人称复数 主格 you You are all excellent.(你们都很优秀。) 宾格 you The teacher asked you to finish the task.(老师让你们完成任务。) 第三人称单数 主格 he He is playing football.(他在踢足球。) she She is singing a song.(她在唱歌。) it It is a cute cat.(它是一只可爱的猫。) 宾格 him The teacher called him to the office.(老师把他叫到办公室。) her I saw her at the park.(我在公园看到她。) it Don't touch it.(别碰它。) 第三人称复数 主格 they They are my friends.(他们是我的朋友。) They are playing basketball.(他们在打篮球。) 宾格 them I sent them some books.(我给他们寄了一些书。) The cat chased them.(猫追着它们。 ) 用法: 分类 用法 例句 主格用法 主格在句子中通常作主语,放在谓语动词之前,用来表示动作的执行者 She is a student.(她是一名学生。) He runs fast.(他跑得很快。) 宾格用法 宾格在句子中主要作宾语,用于动词或介词之后,用来表示动作的承受者。 I love him.(我喜欢他。) The book is for her.(这本书是给她的。) 特殊情况 在比较结构中,than 和 as 后面的人称代词用主格或宾格都可以,口语中常用宾格,书面语中常用主格。 He is taller than me/I.(他比我高。) 当人称代词作表语时,在正式文体中用主格,在口语中常用宾格。 —Who is it? —It's me. (— 是谁?— 是我。) 人称代词的顺序 一般情况:“你他我”(你在前,他其次,我最后)。担责时:“我你他”(我主动担责,放在最前)。复数:“我们你们他们”(先自己人,再他人)。 You, he and I are good friends. (你、他和我是好朋友。) I and he are to blame.(我和他应该受到责备。) We and they are colleagues. 我们和他们是同事。 【即时训练】 一、单项选择 1.—Who is knocking at the door? —It’s ______. Let ______ in. A. I; me B. me; I C. me; me D. I; I 答案:C 解析:第一空作表语,口语中常用宾格 me;第二空作 let 的宾语,用宾格 me。 2.______ often play basketball with ______ after school. A. He; they B. He; them C. Him; they D. Him; them 答案:B 解析:第一空作主语,用主格 He;第二空作 with 的宾语,用宾格 them。 3.The teacher told ______ to do ______ homework on time. A. we; us B. us; our C. our; us D. we; our 答案:B 解析:第一空作 told 的宾语,用宾格 us;第二空修饰 homework,用形容词性物主代词 our。 4.______ is a beautiful city. ______ people are very friendly. A. It; Its B. Its; It C. It; It D. Its; Its 答案:A 解析:第一空作主语,用主格 It;第二空修饰 people,表示 “它的”,用形容词性物主代词 Its。 5.My parents love ______ very much, and I love ______ too. A. I; they B. me; they C. I; them D. me; them 答案:D 解析:第一空作 love 的宾语,用宾格 me;第二空作 love 的宾语,指代父母,用宾格 them。 二、用所给人称代词的适当形式填空 1.______ (I) am a student. ______ (I) name is Tom. I; My 2.Look at ______ (he). ______ (he) is wearing a new T - shirt. him; He 3.Let ______ (we) go to the park. ______ (we) can have a good time there. us; We 4.These books are ______ (they). ______ (they) bought them yesterday. theirs; They 5.Do you know ______ (she)? ______ (she) is ______ (I) sister. her; She; my 三、改错(每题有一处错误,请找出并改正) 1.Him and I are going to the cinema tonight. 错误:Him 改正:He 解析:作主语应用主格 He。 2.The cat is cute. I like it very much. It fur is soft. 错误:It 改正:Its 解析:修饰 fur 表示 “它的”,应用形容词性物主代词 Its。 3.She gave the books to you and I. 错误:I 改正:me 解析:作 to 的宾语,应用宾格 me。 4.We should help they when they are in trouble. 错误:they 改正:them 解析:作 help 的宾语,应用宾格 them。 5.Her is a good student. Her teachers like her. 错误:Her 改正:She 解析:作主语,应用主格 She。 【知识点清单二】物主代词 物主代词是表示所属关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 【要点精讲】 分类 形式 用法 例句 形容词性 物主代词 my(我的),your(你的,你们的),his(他的),her(她的),its(它的),our(我们的), their(他们的,她们的,它们的)。 形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,置于名词前,起修饰作用,表示某人的。 This is my book.(这是我的书。) 名词性 物主代词 mine(我的),yours(你的,你们的),his(他的),hers(她的),its(它的),ours(我们的),theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)。 名词性物主代词相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,用来避免重复前面已提及的名词。 This book is mine.(这本书是我的。) 两种物主代词的关系 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词。 My pen is black, and yours (your pen) is blue.(我的钢笔是黑色的,你的钢笔是蓝色的。) 物主代词的特殊用法 双重所有格 “of + 名词性物主代词” 构成双重所有格,用来表示 “部分” 概念或带有感情色彩。 He is a friend of mine.(他是我的一个朋友。) its 与 it's 的区别 its 是物主代词,表示 “它的”;it's 是 it is 的缩写,意为 “它是”。 The dog has its own bed.(狗有它自己的床。)It's a nice day today.(今天天气很好。) 2.口诀助记 形式记忆口诀 我的 my,你的 your,his、her、its 各有主。我们的 our,他们的 their, 形容词性物主代。其后名词常相伴,表示所有是本意。 名词性物主代,变化规则要牢记。my 变 mine,your 变 yours, his、hers、its 无变化。our 变 ours,their 变 theirs, 形容词性 物主代词口诀 形容词性物主代, 修饰名词不奇怪 My mother is a teacher.(我的妈妈是一名老师,“my” 修饰名词 “mother” ) 表明物品属谁的, 其后常把名词带 Their house is very big.(他们的房子非常大,“their” 表明房子归属,后接名词 “house”) 名词性物主 代词口诀 名词性物主代, 独立使用不依赖 The book on the desk is hers.(桌上的书是她的,“hers” 独立使用,无需再跟名词) 相当于‘形物代 + 名’, 省去名词更明白 This pen is yours. That one is mine.(这支笔是你的,那支是我的,“yours” = your pen,“mine” = my pen ) 综合口诀 形容词性能力弱, 自己不能来干活, 后面要把名词加 His car is red.(他的汽车是红色的,“his” 后需加名词 “car” ) 名词性物主代词强, 单独使用可担当, 主宾表语都能当 作主语:Ours is a beautiful school.(我们的(学校)是一所漂亮的学校) 作宾语:I like yours better than hers.(比起她的,我更喜欢你的) 作表语:The bag is theirs.(这个包是他们的) 【即时训练】 一、单项选择 1.—Is this ______ ruler? —No, it’s not mine. It’s hers. A. My B. your C. his D. her 答案:B 解析:根据答语 “No, it’s not mine. It’s hers.” 可知,问句是在询问 “这是你的尺子吗?”,A 选项 “my” 表示 “我的”;C 选项 “his” 表示 “他的”;D 选项 “her” 表示 “她的”,均不符合语境,B 选项 “your” 表示 “你的”,符合题意,所以选 B。 2.The blue jacket is ______, and the white one is ______. A. his; my B. his; mine C. him; mine D. he; my 答案:B 解析:第一个空表示 “他的(蓝色夹克)”,要用名词性物主代词 his,相当于 “his jacket”;第二个空表示 “我的(白色夹克)”,也要用名词性物主代词 mine,相当于 “my jacket”。A 选项中 “my” 是形容词性物主代词,后面需要接名词;C 选项 “him” 是人称代词宾格;D 选项 “he” 是人称代词主格,都不符合要求,所以选 B。 3.—Are these books ______? —Yes, they are ______. A. your; our B. yours; our C. your; ours D. yours; ours 答案:D 解析:第一句问 “这些书是你们的吗?”,这里需要用名词性物主代词 “yours”,表示 “你们的书”;答语 “是的,它们是我们的”,同样用名词性物主代词 “ours”,表示 “我们的书”。A、C 选项中 “your” 和 “our” 是形容词性物主代词,后面要接名词,不符合句子结构,所以选 D。 4.Look at the cat. ______ name is Mimi. A. It B. It’s C. Its D. Its’ 答案:C 解析:“name” 是名词,前面要用形容词性物主代词来修饰,“It” 是主格或宾格;“It’s” 是 “it is” 的缩写;“Its” 是形容词性物主代词,意为 “它的”,符合题意;没有 “Its’” 这种形式,所以选 C。 5.—Whose dictionary is this? —It’s ______. A. Lucy B. Lucy’s C. her D. him 答案:B 解析:问句问 “这是谁的字典?”,答语应该是 “它是露西的”,用 “Lucy’s” 表示 “露西的(字典)”,A 选项 “Lucy” 是人名;C 选项 “her” 是形容词性物主代词,后面要接名词;D 选项 “him” 是人称代词宾格,均不符合题意,所以选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.These are ______ (I) pencils. Where are ______ (you)? 答案:my; yours 解析:第一个空后面有名词 “pencils”,需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰,“I” 的形容词性物主代词是 “my”;第二个空表示 “你的(铅笔)”,后面没有名词,要用名词性物主代词 “yours”,相当于 “your pencils”。 2.This isn’t her bag. ______ (she) is on the desk. 答案:Hers 解析:这里表示 “她的(包)”,单独作主语,要用名词性物主代词 “Hers”,相当于 “Her bag”。 3.—Is this ______ (he) computer? —Yes, it’s ______ (he). 答案:his; his 解析:第一个空后面有名词 “computer”,用形容词性物主代词 “his” 来修饰,表示 “他的电脑”;第二个空表示 “它是他的(电脑)”,后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词 “his”,相当于 “his computer”。 4.Our classroom is big, but ______ (they) is small. 答案:theirs 解析:这里表示 “他们的(教室)”,单独作主语,要用名词性物主代词 “theirs”,相当于 “their classroom”。 5.The red jacket is ______ (my). ______ (you) jacket is yellow. 答案:mine; Your 解析:第一个空表示 “红色的夹克是我的(夹克)”,后面没有名词,用名词性物主代词 “mine”;第二个空后面有名词 “jacket”,要用形容词性物主代词 “Your” 来修饰,表示 “你的夹克”。 三、句子改写 1.This is my bike.(改为同义句) This bike ______ ______. 答案:is mine 解析:原句 “This is my bike.” 表示 “这是我的自行车”,同义句可以用 “名词性物主代词 + be 动词” 的结构来表达,“mine” 表示 “我的”,所以 “ This bike is mine.” 意思与原句相同。 2.These are their books.(改为同义句) These books ______ ______. 答案:are theirs 解析:“These are their books.” 意思是 “这些是他们的书”,同义句可转换为 “These books are theirs.”,“theirs” 是名词性物主代词,意为 “他们的”,在这里表示 “他们的书”。 3.Is this your pen?(改为同义句) Is this pen ______? 答案:yours 解析:“Is this your pen?” 询问 “这是你的钢笔吗?”,同义句可以把形容词性物主代词 “your” 换成名词性物主代词 “yours”,即 “Is this pen yours?”,“yours” 表示 “你的(钢笔)”。 4.Her schoolbag is blue.(对划线部分提问) ______ schoolbag is blue? 答案:Whose 解析:对 “Her schoolbag is blue.” 中的 “Her” 进行提问,即询问 “谁的书包是蓝色的?”,用疑问词 “Whose” 来引导特殊疑问句,所以答案是 “Whose schoolbag is blue?”。 5.The ruler is his.(改为一般疑问句) ______ the ruler ______? 答案:Is; his 解析:含有 be 动词的句子改为一般疑问句,把 be 动词提前即可。所以 “The ruler is his.” 改为一般疑问句是 “Is the ruler his?”,句末的 “his” 是名词性物主代词,保持不变。 四、改错(每句一处错误) 1.This is mine book. ______ 答案:将 “mine” 改为 “my”。 解析:“book” 是名词,需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰,“mine” 是名词性物主代词,不能修饰名词,“my” 是形容词性物主代词,“my book” 表示 “我的书”。 2.These pencils are her. ______ 答案:将 “her” 改为 “hers”。 解析:“These pencils are...” 表示 “这些铅笔是…… 的”,后面没有名词,要用名词性物主代词,“her” 是形容词性物主代词,“hers” 是名词性物主代词,“hers” 相当于 “her pencils”。 3.Our classroom is cleaner than them. ______ 答案:将 “them” 改为 “theirs”。 解析:这里是 “我们的教室” 和 “他们的教室” 进行比较,“than” 后面需要用名词性物主代词来表示 “他们的教室”,“them” 是人称代词宾格,“theirs” 是名词性物主代词,“theirs” 相当于 “their classroom”。 4.It’s a dog. It name is Coco. ______ 答案:将 “It” 改为 “Its”。 解析:“name” 是名词,前面要用形容词性物主代词来修饰,“It” 是人称代词主格,“Its” 是形容词性物主代词,“Its name” 表示 “它的名字”。 5.Those are your boxes. Where are our? ______ 答案:将 “our” 改为 “ours”。 解析:“Where are...” 表示 “…… 在哪里”,后面没有名词,要用名词性物主代词,“our” 是形容词性物主代词,“ours” 是名词性物主代词,“ours” 相当于 “our boxes”。 【知识点清单三】反身代词 【要点精讲】 反身代词是表示反射或强调的代词,由第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称的人称代词宾格加上- self 或- selves 构成。 构成 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself, herself, itself themselves 用法 作宾语:当句子的主语和宾语是同一人或事物时,宾语要用反身代词。 He hurt himself when he played basketball.(他打篮球时伤到了自己。) 作表语:用于 be 动词、seem 等系动词之后,说明主语的状态或特征。 The poor boy was myself.(那个可怜的男孩就是我自己。) 作同位语:用于名词或代词之后,起强调作用,可译为 “亲自”“本人”。 The president himself will attend the meeting.(总统本人将出席会议。) 常见 搭配 by oneself: “独自地,单独地”,强调没有其他人帮助。 He finished his homework by himself.(他独自完成了作业。) enjoy oneself: “玩得开心,过得愉快”。 We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.(昨晚我们在聚会上玩得很开心。) help oneself to: “随便吃 / 喝 / 拿……”,常用于招待客人的场合。 Help yourself to some fruits, please.(请随便吃些水果。) teach oneself: “自学”。 She taught herself English when she was young.(她年轻时自学英语。) hurt oneself “伤到自己”。 Be careful not to hurt yourself.(小心别伤到自己。) introduce oneself “自我介绍” Please introduce yourself before the class.(请在全班同学面前自我介绍一下。) lose oneself in: “沉浸在…… 中,迷失在…… 中”,常指某人专注于某事而忘记了周围的环境。 He lost himself in the beautiful music.(他沉浸在美妙的音乐中。) 注意 事项 反身代词在句中要与它所指代的名词或代词在人称、数和性别上保持一致。 有些动词后常跟反身代词 dress oneself(给自己穿衣服), seat oneself(就座)等。 The little girl can dress herself now.(这个小女孩现在能自己穿衣服了。) 口诀 助记 反身代词莫乱用,能用它时记心中。动介之后常出现,强调自身也能行。 作宾表示同主语,动作回到自身停。作表表示状态情,“是自己” 来要记清。 作主同位放其后,强调本人或本物。by oneself 单独处,oneself 前要把 by 用。 【即时训练】 1.Look at the girl in the mirror. She can’t believe ______ eyes. A. her B. hers C. herself D. she 答案:A. her 解析:此处需填入形容词性物主代词修饰名词 “eyes”,表示 “她的眼睛”。选项 A “her” 符合要求,而 C “herself” 是反身代词,不能作定语。 2.We should learn to look after ______ when we are alone at home. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves 答案:D. ourselves 解析:根据语境,“当我们独自在家时应该学会照顾自己”,需用反身代词 “ourselves”(我们自己)。其他选项如 A “us”(宾格)和 B “our”(形容词性物主代词)均不符合反身代词的用法。 3.The little boy is old enough to dress ______ now. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 答案:D. himself 解析:“dress oneself” 是固定搭配,表示 “自己穿衣服”,主语 “The little boy” 对应的反身代词是 “himself”。 4.—Who taught ______ French? —Nobody. She learned all by ______. A. herself; her B. she; herself C. her; herself D. her; she 答案:C. her; herself 解析:第一空 “taught her French” 中 “her” 作宾语,指 “教她法语”;第二空 “by herself” 表示 “她独自学习”,需用反身代词 “herself”。 5.Don't worry about Tom. He can take good care of ______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 答案:D. himself 解析:“take care of oneself” 表示 “照顾自己”,主语 “He” 对应的反身代词是 “himself”。 【知识点清单四】指示代词 【要点精讲】 定义:指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词,在句子中可以明确指出所谈论的对象,使表达更加具体、准确。常见指示代词(this、that、these、those、same、such),指示代词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 代词 用法 例句 this / these 近距离指示:用于指时间或空间上较近的人或事物。 This is my present address.(这是我现在的地址。) These are my recent works.(这些是我最近的作品。) 介绍人物:在介绍别人时,常用 “This is...” 结构。 This is my friend Tom.(这是我的朋友汤姆。) 引出下文:可以用于引出即将要提到的内容,有 “下面这个” 的含义。 This is what I want to tell you.(这就是我想告诉你的事。) that / those 远距离指示:用于指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。 That was a long - time ago.(那是很久以前的事了。)Those are the mountains in the distance.(那些是远处的山脉。) 替代前文名词:为避免重复,that 可替代前文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,those 替代复数可数名词。 The air in the countryside is fresher than that in the city.(乡村的空气比城市的空气更清新。) The computers in our school are better than those in theirs.(我们学校的电脑比他们学校的好。) 电话用语:在电话中,用 that 询问对方是谁 Hello, who's that?(你好,你是谁?) same 常与 “the” 连用,指代前面提到过的相同的事物或情况等。 I got a good grade in the exam, and the same is true for my sister.(我在考试中取得了好成绩,我妹妹也是如此。) such 可指代前面提到的人、事物或情况,也可用于指代后面即将提到的内容。 He is a great scientist, and such is his reputation all over the world.(他是一位伟大的科学家,这就是他在全世界的声誉。)Such was the story he told me.(这就是他给我讲的故事。) 语法功能 作主语 This is a book.”(这是一本书。)“That is my teacher.”(那是我的老师。) 作宾语 I like these.(我喜欢这些。)He saw that.(他看到了那个。) 作定语 This car is very fast.(这辆车非常快。) Those flowers are beautiful.(那些花很漂亮。)The same mistake should not be made again.(同样的错误不应该再犯。)He is such a clever boy.(他是如此聪明的一个男孩。) 注意事项 在使用指示代词时,要注意其单复数形式与所指代的对象保持一致。 this、that、these、those 在指代时,其远近关系要根据具体的语境来准确判断。 same 通常与定冠词 the 搭配使用,such 在修饰名词时,要注意名词的可数性和冠词的使用规则。 【即时训练】 一、选择题 1.Look at ______ boy over there. He is my brother. A. this B. that C. these D. those 答案:B。 解析:根据 “over there(在那边)” 可知,是指远处的男孩,用 that 修饰单数名词 boy。 2.—What are ______? —They are apples. A. this B. that C. these D. it 答案:C。 解析:根据答语 “They are apples.” 可知,问句中询问的是复数事物,用 these 表示 “这些”。 3.The weather in Beijing is colder than ______ in Guangzhou in winter. A. this B. that C. these D. those 答案:B。 解析:这里用 that 指代前面提到的不可数名词 weather,避免重复。 二、填空题 1.______ is my pen and ______ is your pencil.(this /that) 答案:This; that。 解析:根据语境,近处的用 this,远处的用 that,可自行设定远近关系,答案不唯一。 2.—Are ______ your books? —Yes, they are.(these /those) 答案:these /those。 解析:在没有明确远近提示的情况下,用 these 或 those 均可,询问 “这些 / 那些是你的书吗?” 3.The flowers in the garden are more beautiful than ______ in the park.(this /that/these /those) 答案:those。 解析:指代前面提到的复数名词 flowers,用 those。 三、改错题 1.This are my friends. They are from America. 答案:This 改为 These。 解析:根据 “friends” 是复数,指示代词要用 These。 2.That books are very interesting. 答案:That 改为 Those。 解析:books 是复数,应用 Those 来修饰。 3.The weather in summer here is hotter than this in my hometown. 答案:this 改为 that。 解析:指代前面的不可数名词 weather,用 that。 四、翻译题 1.这是我见过的最漂亮的画。 答案:This is the most beautiful picture that I have ever seen. 2.那些苹果是给你的。 答案:Those apples are for you. 3.我喜欢这种音乐。 答案:I like this kind of music. 【知识点清单五】疑问代词 【要点精讲】 定义:疑问代词是英语中用于构成特殊疑问句的一类代词,主要有 who、whom、whose、what、which 等。 单词 用法 例句 who 通常用来询问 “谁”,在句中作主语或宾语,用来指人。 Who is that man?(那个男人是谁?) Who did you meet yesterday?(你昨天遇见了谁?) whom who 的宾格形式,在句中作宾语,不过在现代英语中,who 也常可代替 whom 作宾语。 例如:Whom did you give the book to? = Who did you give the book to?(你把书给了谁?) whose 用来询问 “谁的”,既可以作定语,修饰名词,也可以单独使用,作主语、宾语或表语。 Whose book is this?(这是谁的书?)Whose is this book?(这本书是谁的?) what 可以询问 “什么”,用来指物,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 What is your name?(你叫什么名字?)What do you want to drink?(你想喝点什么?)What color is your car?(你的车是什么颜色的?) which 用于在一定范围内询问 “哪一个” 或 “哪些”,可指人或物,在句中作主语、宾语、定语等。 Which book do you like best?(你最喜欢哪本书?)Which is your favorite subject, English or math?(英语和数学,你最喜欢哪门学科?) 特殊用法 特殊形式 特殊用法 例句 what about / how about: 用于提出建议或询问情况,意为 “…… 怎么样?”“…… 如何?” What about going for a walk?(去散步怎么样?) How about your new job?(你的新工作如何?) what if 表示 “如果…… 将会怎样”,用来询问一种假设情况的结果。 What if it rains tomorrow?(如果明天下雨将会怎样?) which one 常用来强调在多个选项中进行选择 There are many pens here. Which one do you want?(这里有很多钢笔。你想要哪一支?) 疑问代词 + 不定式 构成 “疑问代词 + to do” 结构,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等 I don't know what to do. (我不知道该做什么。) 介词 + 疑问代词 “with whom”“for what”“about which” 等,用于更具体地询问关于某人或某事的情况。 With whom did you go to the party? (你和谁一起去参加派对的?) 注意 在使用疑问代词时,要注意其在句中的语法功能和语序。在特殊疑问句中,一般采用 “疑问代词 + 一般疑问句语序” 的结构,但当疑问代词在句中作主语时,语序与陈述句相同。例如:Who is in the classroom?(谁在教室里?) 要根据具体的语境和询问对象正确选择疑问代词。例如,询问人的身份用 who,询问事物用 what,询问所属关系用 whose 等。 【即时训练】 一、单项选择 1.—______ is your father? —He is a doctor. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Where 答案:A。解析:询问职业用 what。 2.—______ book is this? —It's mine. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 答案:C。解析:询问所属关系 “谁的” 用 whose。 3—______ of the two girls is your sister? —The one in red. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 答案:D。解析:在两者之间选择用 which。 4.—______ do you want to buy? —I want to buy a new dress. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Where 答案:A。解析:询问想要买什么用 what。 5.—______ are you talking to? —My mother. A. What B. Who C. Which D. Whose 答案:B。解析:询问人用 who。 二、用适当的疑问代词填空 1.______ is your favorite subject? 答案:What。解析:询问最喜欢的学科用 what。 2.______ did you go to the park with? 答案:Who。解析:询问和谁一起去公园用 who。 3.______ bike is better, this one or that one? 答案:Which。解析:在两者之间比较哪一个更好用 which。 4.______ is the man over there? 答案:Who。解析:询问那边的人是谁用 who。 5.______ bag is lost? 答案:Whose。解析:询问谁的包丢了用 whose。 三、句型转换 1.This is my book.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ is this? 答案:Whose book。解析:对 “我的书” 中的 “我的” 提问,用 whose book。 2. The boy in blue is my brother.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ is your brother? 答案:Which boy。解析:对 “穿蓝色衣服的男孩” 提问,用 which boy。 3. I like the red dress.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ do you like? 答案:Which dress。解析:对 “红色的裙子” 提问,用 which dress。 4.He is talking to his teacher.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ he talking to? 答案:Who is。解析:对 “他的老师” 提问,用 who is。 5.My mother is a nurse.(对划线部分提问) ______ ______ your mother do? 答案:What does。解析:对职业提问,用 what does...do。 四、阅读理解(根据短文内容回答问题) Hello, my name is Tom. I have a good friend. His name is Mike. We are in the same school. Mike has a sister. Her name is Linda. She is only five years old. We often play games together. 1.Who is Tom's good friend? 2.What's Mike's sister's name? 3.How old is Linda? 4.Who do Tom and Mike often play games with? 答案:1.Mike is Tom's good friend. 2.Her name is Linda. 3.She is five years old. 4.They often play games with Linda. 【知识点清单六】不定代词 【要点精讲】 定义:不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。 分类:常见的不定代词有 some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone), no(nothing,nobody,no one), every(everything,everybody,everyone)以及all,each,both,other(s),another,none,one,either, neither等。 1. 语法功能 用法 例句 作主语 不定代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据不定代词所指代的内容来确定。 Everyone is here.(每个人都在这儿。) All are interested in the movie.(所有人都对这部电影感兴趣。) 作宾语 可以作动词或介词的宾语。 I like some of these books.(我喜欢这些书中的一些。)He is looking for someone.(他在找某个人。) 作表语 用于说明主语的身份、特征等。 My problem is none of your business. (我的问题与你无关。) 作定语 修饰名词,放在名词前面。 There are few apples left.(剩下没几个苹果了。)You can take any book you like.(你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。) 2.四类不定代词用法辨析 分类 用法 举例 由some引导。 不定代词some-常用于肯定句。疑问句中,如果希望得到对方肯定的回答,有时也会用some-。 somebody/someone意思是“某人”,something表示“某物”。 There is somebody/someone beside the window. 窗户旁有个人。(不指代具体是哪个人,泛指) Would you like something to eat? 你想吃点什么吗?(不指代具体吃啥东西,用于疑问句中,希望得到对方肯定回答) 由any引导 不定代词any-常用于否定句或疑问句。 anybody/anyone表示“某人”,anything表示“某物"。 Did you see anybody/anyone there? 你在那儿看到什么人了吗?(没有明确的对象,用于疑问句) I didn't see anybody/anyone. 我谁也没看到。(没有明确的对象,用于否定句) 由no引导 不定代词no-表达否定含义nobody/no one表示“没有人”, nobody =no one= not anyone/anybody, nothing = not anything There is nobody in the school. = There is not anybody/anyone in the school.=No one is in the school. 学校里面没有人。 There is nothing in the box.= There is not anything in the box. 盒子里什么都没有。 由every引导 不定代词every-可以用于各种句式中。 everybody/everyone的意思是“每个人”,everything的意思是“每件事,一切”。 例: Is everybody /everyone here?大家都在吗? Everything is ready.一切都准备好了。 注意:不定代词everybody/everyone/everything般都被视作单数, 谓语动词用三单形式。 3.具体不定代词用法详解 不定 代词 用法 举例 some 与 any some:一般用于肯定句中,表示 “一些”,既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。 There are some books on the table.(桌子上有一些书。)I have some water.(我有一些水。) 在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,也用 some。 Would you like some tea?(你想喝点茶吗?) any:用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中,意思是 “任何;一些”。 I don't have any money.(我没有钱。) Do you have any questions?(你有任何问题吗?)If you have any problems, please let me know.(如果你有任何问题,请告诉我。) many 与 much many:修饰可数名词复数,意为 “许多”。 Many students like playing basketball.(许多学生喜欢打篮球。) much:修饰不可数名词,意为 “许多”。 There is much water in the bottle.(瓶子里有很多水。) few, a few; little, a little few: “很少;几乎没有”,修饰可数名词复数,含否定意义 Few people came to the meeting.(几乎没有人来参加会议。) a few:“几个;一些”,修饰可数名词复数,含肯定意义。 I have a few friends here.(我在这里有几个朋友。) little:表示 “很少;几乎没有”,修饰不可数名词,含否定意义。 There is little time left.(几乎没有时间剩下了。) a little:表示 “一点儿;少量”,修饰不可数名词,含肯定意义。 Could you give me a little water?(你能给我一点儿水吗?) both 与 all both:表示 “两者都”,用于两者之间,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 Both of my parents are teachers.(我的父母都是老师。) all:表示 “全部;所有”,用于三者或三者以上,作主语时谓语动词根据情况可用单数或复数。 All the students are in the classroom.(所有学生都在教室里。)All is well.(一切都好。) either 与 neither either:表示 “两者中的任何一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 Either of the books is interesting.(这两本书中的任何一本都很有趣。) neither:表示 “两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词也用单数形式。 Neither of them likes music.(他们两个都不喜欢音乐。) one,each, every one可指人或物,用来代替上文出现过的单数可数名词,避免重复。 复数形式为 ones,用来代替复数可数名词。 I don't have a pen. Can you lend me one?(我没有钢笔。你能借我一支吗?) These books are interesting. I like the ones on the shelf.(这些书很有趣。我喜欢书架上的那些。) each强调个体,指两个或两个以上的人或物中的 “每一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 可与 of 短语连用,each of 后接复数名词或代词,作主语时谓语动词也用单数。 Each student has a dictionary.(每个学生都有一本字典。) Each of them has a different idea.(他们每个人都有不同的想法。) every强调整体,指三个或三个以上的人或物中的 “每一个”,只能作定语,修饰单数可数名词。 不能与 of 短语连用,但可以说 “every one of + 复数名词或代词”,此时谓语动词用单数。 Every day is important.(每一天都很重要。) Every one of the students in our class likes English.(我们班的每个学生都喜欢英语。) other another other作形容词,意为 “别的;其他的”,修饰名词。 We study Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.(我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他学科。) another表示 “另一个;又一个”,用于三者或三者以上,后接单数可数名词。 也可用于 “another + 数词 + 复数名词” 结构中,表示 “再;又”。 I don't like this shirt. Please show me another one.(我不喜欢这件衬衫。请给我看另一件。) We need another three chairs.(我们还需要三把椅子。) none nobody no one none表示 “没有人;没有任何东西”,可指人也可指物,作主语时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。常与 of 短语连用,none of 后接复数名词或代词。回答 how many/much 问句。 None of the students has /have seen the film.(学生们都没有看过这部电影。) None of them is /are from China.(他们中没有一个人来自中国。) no one 泛指 “没有人”,不强调范围;作主语时表 “没有人”,谓语用单数,回答 who 问句。 Nobody called, did they?(没人打电话,是吗?) nobody 偶尔可隐含范围,但推荐用 none of 明确范围。作主语时表 “没有人”,谓语用单数,回答 who 问句。 no one 不接 of,nobody 范围弱;回答 who 用两者,回答 how many 找 none。 No one knows the secret, does he/she?(没人知道这个秘密,对吗?) 4. 1)other 用法:other 的用法较为灵活,可作形容词、代词,含义为 “其他的、别的”。 用法 含义 举例 作形容词(后接名词) 接可数名词复数或不可数名词,表示 “其他的、别的”。 泛指其他的(无范围限定) Do you have any other questions?(你还有其他问题吗?) I like reading other books besides novels.(除了小说,我还喜欢读其他书。) 特指剩余的(有范围限定,常与 the 连用) the other + 名词:指 “两者中剩下的另一个” 或 “某一范围内剩余的全部”。 I have two cats. One is black, the other cat is white.(我有两只猫,一只黑色,另一只白色。) There are 50 students in our class. 30 are girls, the other students are boys.(班里 50 人,30 个女生,其余是男生。) 作代词(后不接名词)可单独使用,指代 “其他的人或物” other(泛指其他的,复数概念) 相当于 “other + 复数名词”,泛指 “其他的人或物”,无范围限制。 Some people like coffee, others prefer tea.(有些人喜欢咖啡,其他人喜欢茶。) I don’t like these shoes. Can you show me others?(我不喜欢这几双鞋,能给我看看其他的吗?) the other(特指两者中的另一个) 用于两者之间,指代 “剩下的那一个”,常用于 one...the other... 结构。 She has two sons. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.(她有两个儿子,一个是医生,另一个是老师。) Hold the ruler in one hand and the pen in the other.(一只手拿尺子,另一只手拿笔。) others(泛指其他的人或物,复数) 相当于 “other + 复数名词”,泛指 “其他的一些人或物”,但非全部。 Some students like sports, others enjoy painting.(一些学生喜欢运动,另一些喜欢绘画。) This coat is too small. I need to buy others.(这件外套太小了,我得买其他的。) the others(特指某一范围内剩余的全部)指 “某一范围内除了已提及的人或物外,剩余的全部”,相当于 “the other + 复数名词”。 There are 10 books on the desk. Two are mine, the others are yours.(桌上有 10 本书,两本是我的,其余都是你的。) Five students passed the exam; the others failed.(5 个学生通过了考试,其余的没通过。) 短语 each other /one another(互相)each other 更常用在两者之间,one another 多用于三者及以上,但现代英语中可通用。 The two sisters help each other with homework.(两姐妹互相帮着做作业。) Friends should care for one another.(朋友之间应该互相关心。) any other(其他任何一个,常用于比较级或最高级) 表示 “在同一范围内除了某人或某物外的其他任何一个”。 China is larger than any other country in Asia.(中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。) He is taller than any other student in the class.(他比班里其他任何学生都高。) every other...(每隔一个的) 表示 “每隔一个”,常用于时间或数量间隔。 Take the medicine every other day.(每隔一天吃一次药。) Write on every other line.(隔行书写。) other than(除了、不同于) 相当于 “except” 或 “besides”,表示排除或例外。 I have no friends other than you.(除了你,我没有其他朋友。) She never does anything other than watch TV.(她除了看电视什么也不做。) 2)易混辨析:other /others/the other /the others /another 形式 词性 含义 例句对比 other 形容词 其他的(后接名词) I need other pens.(我需要其他钢笔。) others 代词 其他的人 / 物(泛指复数) Some like tea, others like coffee. the other 代词 / 形容词 两者中的另一个(特指) One hand is big; the other is small. the others 代词 某范围剩余的全部(特指复数) Five are red; the others are blue. another 代词 / 形容词 三者及以上中的另一个(泛指单数) I need another book.(我需要另一本 3)other总结记忆口诀 other 后接名词复,泛指其他无范围; the other 特指两者另,one...the other 是固定; others 代指复数人 / 物,泛指部分非全部; the others 特指剩全部,范围明确要牢记; another 三者另一个,后接单数或 “数 + 名”。 5.注意事项 1)不定代词作主语时,要注意主谓一致的问题,尤其像 each、every、either、neither 等作主语或修饰主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。 2)当形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要放在不定代词的后面。例如:something interesting(一些有趣的事情),nothing important(没有什么重要的事)。 3)要注意区分不同不定代词的含义和用法,根据具体语境选择合适的不定代词。例如,在表示 “两者都” 时用 both,“三者或三者以上都” 时用 all;在否定句中表示 “也不” 时用 either(用于句末),表示 “两者都不” 时用 neither。 6.在谚语中出现的复合不定代词 1.Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人管等于没有人管。 2.Everybody’s friend is nobody’s friend. 每个人的朋友就不是任何人的朋友。 3.Everything is good for something. 是东西都有用处。 4.Everything has two sides. 事物都有两面性。 5.He who has no conscience has nothing. 没有良心的人一无所有。 6.Nothing succeeds like success. 一事成功,事事成功。 7.Nothing venture, nothing have. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。 8.Money isn’t everything. 钱不是万能的。 9.To know everything is to know nothing. 样样皆通,样样稀 10.Everything is good when new, but friends when old. 东西是新的好,朋友是老的好。 【即时训练】 一、单项选择题 1.There is ______ wrong with my watch. It doesn't work. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 答案:A 解析:“There is something wrong with...” 是固定句型,表示 “…… 出了问题”。something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句和疑问句,everything 表示 “一切”,nothing 表示 “没有什么”,根据 “It doesn't work” 可知手表出问题了,用 something,故选 A。 2——Is there ______ in today's newspaper? ——Yes, there is. A. new something B. new anything C. something new D. anything new 答案:D 解析:anything 用于疑问句,形容词修饰不定代词要后置,所以 “新的东西” 表达为 “anything new”,故选 D。 3.I have two sisters. ______ of them are teachers. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 答案:A 解析:both 表示 “两者都”,all 表示 “三者或三者以上都”,either 表示 “两者中的任何一个”,neither 表示 “两者都不”。根据 “I have two sisters” 可知是两者,再由 “are teachers” 可知是两者都,用 both,故选 A。 4.——Which of the two T - shirts will you take? ——I'll take ______. One is for my brother and the other is for myself. A. either B. both C. all D. none 答案:B 解析:根据 “One is for my brother and the other is for myself” 可知是两件 T 恤都要,both 表示 “两者都”,either 表示 “两者中的任何一个”,all 表示 “三者或三者以上都”,none 表示 “三者或三者以上都不”,故选 B。 5.——Do you have ______ to say today? ——No, nothing. A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything 答案:C 解析:anything 用于疑问句,形容词修饰不定代词要后置,“重要的事情” 表达为 “anything important”,故选 C。 二、用适当的不定代词填空 1.______ is ready. Let's start. 答案:Everything 解析:表示 “一切都准备好了”,用 everything,句首字母大写。 2.——Would you like ______ to drink? ——Yes, please. A cup of coffee, please. 答案:something 解析:“Would you like...?” 是表示请求或建议的句型,用 something,希望得到对方肯定的回答。 3.There isn't ______ in the classroom. All the students are on the playground. 答案:anyone/anybody 解析:否定句中表示 “任何人” 用 anyone 或 anybody。 4.I have ______ to tell you. Please come here. 答案:something 解析:肯定句中表示 “有事情要告诉你”,用 something。 5.______ of the students in our class likes English. We all study hard at it. 答案:Each/Every 解析:表示 “我们班的每个学生”,可用 each 或 every,each 强调个体,every 强调整体,这里用 Each/Every 都可以,句首字母大写。 三、完形填空 I have a big family. There are 1. ______ people in my family. They are my grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, sister and I. We live a happy life. My grandfather and grandmother are very old. They stay at home 2. ______ day. My father is a doctor. He works in a hospital. He is very busy. My mother is a teacher. She 3. ______ English in a middle school. She is also very busy. My sister and I are students. We are in the same school. We have many friends. We all like 4. ______. We often go to the park on Sundays. We have a good time there. There is a river in the park. We can see many fish in it. Sometimes we go fishing in the river. We enjoy 5. ______. 1.A. some B. many C. any D. much 2.A. every B. each C. all D. both 3.A. teaches B. teaches to C. teach D. teach to 4.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 5.A. ourselves B. themselves C. himself D. herself 1.答案:B 解析:根据 “There are...people in my family. They are my grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, sister and I” 可知家里人很多,people 是可数名词复数,用 many 修饰,some 表示 “一些”,any 用于否定句和疑问句,much 修饰不可数名词,故选 B。 2.答案:A 解析:“every day” 表示 “每天”,是固定短语,each 强调个体,all 表示 “所有的”,both 表示 “两者都”,这里说爷爷奶奶每天都待在家里,用 every day,故选 A。 3.答案:A 解析:“teach English” 表示 “教英语”,主语 “She” 是第三人称单数,谓语动词用 teaches,故选 A。 4.答案:D 解析:根据 “We often go to the park on Sundays. We have a good time there” 可知我们喜欢所有的事情,everything 表示 “一切”,something 表示 “一些事情”,anything 用于否定句和疑问句,nothing 表示 “没有什么”,故选 D。 5.答案:A 解析:“enjoy oneself” 表示 “玩得开心”,主语是 “We”,反身代词用 ourselves,故选 A。 四、阅读理解 Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear from you. Now I want to tell you about my weekend life. On Saturday morning, I usually get up late. Then I do my homework. In the afternoon, I go shopping with my mother. We buy 1. ______ fruits and vegetables. We also buy some new clothes. On Saturday evening, I watch TV with my family. We watch a very interesting movie. On Sunday morning, I go to the library. I read 2. ______ books there. I like reading very much. In the afternoon, I play basketball with my friends. We have a great time. On Sunday evening, I clean my room. I put 3. ______ in order. Then I go to bed early. This is my weekend life. What about yours? Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Ming 1.请在文中 1 - 3 处填入合适的不定代词。根据短文内容,判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)。 (1) Li Ming gets up early on Saturday morning. ( ) (2) Li Ming goes shopping with his mother on Saturday afternoon. ( ) (3) Li Ming reads some books in the library on Sunday morning. ( ) (4) Li Ming plays football with his friends on Sunday afternoon. ( ) (5) Li Ming cleans his room on Sunday evening. ( ) 答案:1. some 2. some 3. everything 解析:肯定句中表示 “一些” 用 some,这里 “一些水果和蔬菜”“一些书” 都用 some;“put everything in order” 表示 “把一切整理好”,用 everything。 答案:(1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) T 解析: (1) 根据 “On Saturday morning, I usually get up late” 可知李明周六早上起床晚,不是早,故 (1) 错误。 (2) 根据 “In the afternoon, I go shopping with my mother” 可知李明周六下午和妈妈去购物,故 (2) 正确。 (3) 根据 “On Sunday morning, I go to the library. I read some books there” 可知李明周日上午在图书馆看书,故 (3) 正确。 (4) 根据 “In the afternoon, I play basketball with my friends” 可知李明周日下午打篮球,不是踢足球,故 (4) 错误。 (5) 根据 “On Sunday evening, I clean my room” 可知李明周日晚上打扫房间,故 (5) 正确。 【知识点清单七】代词it 【要点精讲】:1)代词 it 的用法非常灵活,既可以指代具体事物,也能用于抽象语境或固定句型。 用法 具体分类 举例 指代具体事物或动物 指代前文提到的单数名词 替代可数名词单数或不可数名词,避免重复。 I bought a new book. It is very interesting.(我买了一本新书,它很有趣。) The water is cold. Don’t drink it.(水很凉,别喝它。) 指代婴儿或不明身份的人,当不确定性别或指代敲门者、电话中的人时。 Look at the baby! It is smiling.(看那个宝宝!它在笑呢。) Who is knocking? It must be the postman.(谁在敲门?一定是邮递员。) 指代动物(尤其是宠物) 若强调动物的个体性,也可用 he/she,但 it 更常见。 The dog is cute. It likes to play with balls.(这只狗很可爱,它喜欢玩球。) 指代抽象事物或概念 指代天气、时间、距离、温度等无实际语义,仅作形式主语。 It is sunny today.(今天天气晴朗。) What time is it? It’s 3 o’clock.(几点了?三点。) It is 5 kilometers from here to the station.(从这里到车站有 5 公里。) 指代前文提到的情况或句子 替代整个事件、想法或情况。 He said he would come, but it didn’t happen.(他说会来,但这事没发生。) She failed the exam, and it made her sad.(她考试不及格,这让她很难过。) 作形式主语或形式宾语 形式主语:替代不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)或从句 避免句子头重脚轻,真正的主语后置。 It is important to learn English.(学英语很重要。) ▶ 真正主语:to learn English It feels good staying at home.(待在家里感觉不错。) ▶ 真正主语:staying at home It is unknown whether he will come.(他是否会来还不清楚。) ▶ 真正主语:whether he will come 形式宾语:替代不定式或从句 用于 “动词 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语” 结构中。 I think it necessary to study hard.(我认为努力学习是必要的。)▶ 真正宾语:to study hard She made it clear that she disagreed.(她明确表示不同意。)▶ 真正宾语:that she disagreed 固定句型中的 it 强调句 结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分 It was Tom that/who broke the window.(是汤姆打破了窗户。) It is in the park that we met for the first time.(我们第一次见面是在公园里。) 习惯用语 It seems/appears that…(似乎……) It seems that he is angry.(他似乎生气了。) It takes + 时间 + to do sth.(做某事花费…… 时间) It takes 2 hours to finish the work.(完成这项工作需要 2 小时。) It’s time to do/for sth.(该做某事了) It’s time to go to school.(该去上学了。) It happens that…(碰巧……) It happened that I was out when he called.(他打电话时我碰巧出去了。) 2)易混淆用法对比 用法 it one that 指代对象 同名同物(单数 / 不可数) 同名异物(单数,泛指) 同名异物(单数 / 不可数,特指) 例句 I have a pen. It is black. I need a pen. I’ll buy one. The weather here is hotter  that in Beijing. 注意事项 不可指代人(特殊情况除外): 一般用 he/she/they 指代人,除非婴儿或身份不明者(如前文所述)。 与 there 的区别: it 指代具体事物或抽象概念,there 表示 “存在”(如:There is a book on the desk.)。 【即时训练】 1. —Where is my pen? —I saw ______ on the desk just now. A. one B. it C. that D. this 答案:B 解析:问句中 “my pen” 是特指前文提到的同一支笔,需用 it 指代 “同名同物”。 one 指代同类异物(如:I need a pen. I’ll buy one.),that 用于比较结构(如:The weather here is better than that in London.),均不符合语境。 2. ______ is important to protect the environment. A. This B. That C. It D. There 答案:C 解析:句子真正主语是 “to protect the environment”,需用 it 作形式主语,避免头重脚轻。 固定句型:It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.,其他选项无此用法。 3. I bought a new phone and ______ cost me 5000 yuan. A. It B. one C. this D. that 答案:A 解析:“a new phone” 是单数可数名词,后半句指 “同一部手机花费 5000 元”,用 it 指代前文提到的同一事物。one 表泛指(如:I need a phone. I’ll buy one.),此处为特指,故选 A。 4. —Who is knocking at the door? —______ must be the delivery man. A. He B. She C. It D. This 答案:C 解析:敲门者身份不明时,用 it 指代不确定的人,符合英语习惯。 若明确知道性别(如家人),可用 he/she,但此处为未知情况,选 C。 5. I find ______ difficult to learn physics well. A. this B. that C. it D. its 答案:C 解析:句子结构为 “动词(find)+ it + 形容词(difficult)+ 不定式(to learn physics)”,it 作形式宾语,真正宾语是不定式短语。其他选项无法充当形式宾语,故选 C。 【知识点清单八】关系代词(只做简单了解,具体用法放在定语从句中讲解+练习) 关系代词(Relative Pronouns) 用于引导定语从句(也称关系从句),连接先行词(被修饰的名词或代词)和从句,同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。常见的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that,此外还有 as(较少见,用于特殊结构)。 常见关系代词的用法及例句 关系代词 用法 例句 who 指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语(口语中可代替 whom 作宾语)。 The man who is speaking at the meeting is my teacher.(正在会上发言的那个人是我的老师。) 先行词:the man;从句主语:who The girl who I met yesterday is my cousin.(我昨天遇见的那个女孩是我表妹。) 先行词:the girl;从句宾语:who(可替换为 whom) whom 指代人,在从句中作宾语,正式语境中多用 whom,口语中可用 who 或省略。 The doctor whom you are looking for is in the hospital.(你在找的那位医生在医院里。) ▶ 先行词:the doctor;从句宾语:whom(可替换为 who 或省略) This is the person to whom I gave the book.(这就是我把书给的那个人。)▶ 介词后必须用 whom,不可用 who whose 指代人或物,表示所属关系(“…… 的”),在从句中作定语。 The woman whose son won the competition is my neighbor.(儿子赢了比赛的那位女士是我的邻居。) ▶ 先行词:the woman;whose son = the son of the woman This is the house whose windows face the sea.(这就是窗户面朝大海的那栋房子。) ▶ 先行词:the house;whose windows = the windows of the house which 指代物或整个句子,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 The book which is on the desk is mine.(桌上的那本书是我的。) ▶ 先行词:the book;从句主语:which The movie which we watched last night was fantastic.(我们昨晚看的电影很棒。) ▶ 先行词:the movie;从句宾语:which(可省略) He failed the exam, which made his parents angry.(他考试不及格,这让他父母很生气。) ▶ which 指代整个主句 “他考试不及格” 这件事 that 指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。 The girl that you saw yesterday is my sister.(你昨天看到的那个女孩是我妹妹。) ▶ 先行词:the girl;从句宾语:that(可省略) This is the car that my father bought last year.(这是我爸爸去年买的车。) ▶ 先行词:the car;从句宾语:that(可省略) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题2 代词八大要点归纳(讲义)-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题2 代词八大要点归纳(讲义)-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题2 代词八大要点归纳(讲义)-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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