专题02 短语(名词短语、形容词短语和 副词短语)(考点串讲)-2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末考点大串讲(人教版2019)

专题02 短语 (名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语) 2024-2025学年高一下英语期末考点大串讲 目 录 CONTENT 教材知识串讲 名词短语核心考点 形容词短语核心考点 2 3 3 1 5 副词短语核心考点 3 4 典例分析 5 cut down PART 01 一、教材知识串讲 名词短语可作主语，谓语动词与中心词保持一致，如“A number of books are on the desk.”；作表语，如“How to fight against such a disease is a hot topic today.”；作宾语，如“She bought her mother some flowers.”；作宾补，如“People considered him the better man for the work.” 02 名词短语 定义与构成 名词短语可作主语，谓语动词与中心词保持一致，如“A number of books are on the desk.”；作表语，如“How to fight against such a disease is a hot topic today.”；作宾语，如“She bought her mother some flowers.”；作宾补，如“People considered him the better man for the work.” 句法功能 03 人教版2019必修二、三中，如必修二Unit 1中“the first day of school”“the new term”等名词短语，用于描述开学场景，体现名词短语在具体语境中的运用，帮助学生理解其构成与功能。 教材例句 01 定义与构成 形容词短语以形容词为中心构成。 常见形式有：副词+形容词，如“very suitable”；形容词+enough，如“good enough”；形容词+介词短语，如“good for nothing”；副词+形容词+介词，如“well worthy of praise”。 句法功能 可作定语，如“This is a most serious problem.”；作表语，如“He is interested in watching TV.”；作宾语，如“We should respect the old.”；作宾补，如“I found the new film very interesting.”。 教材例句 必修二Unit 2中“a beautiful and peaceful place”“the most important thing”等形容词短语，用于描述美好事物或重要事项，展现形容词短语在修饰名词、表达情感态度等方面的作用，加深学生对其功能的理解。 01 03 02 形容词短语 副词短语以副词为中心词，结合方式为修饰语+副词，有时有后置修饰语或补足成分，如“very carefully”“pretty soon”“far from the station”。 在句子中常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等，如“He is ill extremely seriously with a bad cancer.”“He studies English most slowly of the three.”。 必修三Unit 1中“quickly and quietly”“very carefully”等副词短语，用于描述人物动作或行为方式，体现副词短语在修饰动词、表达动作特征方面的重要作用，帮助学生掌握其用法。 定义与构成 句法功能 教材例句 副词短语 cut down PART 02 二、名词短语核心考点 01 名词短语考点 考查名词短语的构成形式，如判断“a beautiful girl”“a beautiful campus of my school”等短语的构成类型，要求学生准确区分限定词、形容词、介词短语等成分在名词短语中的作用，掌握不同构成形式的特点与区别。 构成形式辨析 考查名词短语在句子中的句法功能，如分析句子中名词短语作主语、表语、宾语、宾补的具体情况，要求学生根据句子结构和语境，判断名词短语在不同位置的功能，理解其对句子意义和结构的影响 句法功能运用 考查名词短语作主语时，谓语动词与中心词的一致性，句子中谓语动词的单复数形式是否正确，要求学生掌握名词短语中心词的判断方法，以及与谓语动词一致性的规则，避免因中心词不明确而导致的语法错误。 中心词一致性 系动词分类 定义：名词短语是指由几个名词或名词及其修饰语构成的短语。它是英语句子的核心成分。 常见名词短语的构成形式有： (1)限定词＋名词　如：the girl (2)限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词　如：a beautiful girl (3)限定词＋名词＋介词短语　如：a beautiful campus of my school 02 名词短语 系动词分类 03 句法功能 (1)作主语 The interesting title of the article attracted a lot of readers. 这篇文章有趣的标题吸引了很多读者。 [温馨提示] 名词短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与名词短语中的中心词保持一致。 A number of books are on the desk. (2)作表语 How to fight against such a disease is a hot topic today. 怎样与那种疾病作斗争是今天的热点话题。 (3)作宾语 She bought her mother some flowers.她给母亲买了一些花。 (4)作宾补 People considered him the better man for the work.人们认为他比较适合干这项工作。 cut down PART 03 三、形容词短语核心考点 01 形容词短语考点 考查形容词短语的构成形式，如识别“very suitable”“good enough”“good for nothing”“well worthy of praise”等短语的构成类型，要求学生熟悉形容词短语中副词、介词短语等修饰成分的特点，能够准确判断不同形容词短语的构成形式，为正确使用形容词短语奠定基础。 构成形式判断 考查形容词短语在句子中的句法功能，如分析形容词短语作定语、表语、宾语、宾补的情况，要求学生根据句子结构和语境，判断形容词短语在句子中的具体作用，理解其修饰名词、表达状态或特征等功能，准确识别形容词短语的功能，掌握其在不同句法位置的用法特点。 句法功能判断 考查形容词短语中修饰语的位置，要求学生掌握形容词短语中副词修饰形容词、介词短语作后置定语等修饰语位置的规则，避免因修饰语位置不当而导致的语病或语义不清，确保形容词短语的表达准确、清晰。 修饰语位置 系动词分类 指一个以形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。 常见形容词短语的构成形式有： (1)副词＋形容词　如：very suitable (2)形容词＋enough　如：good enough (3)形容词＋介词短语　如：good for nothing (4)副词＋形容词＋介词　如：well worthy of praise 02 形容词短语 句法功能 She plans to travel in the coming May Day. ______ (1)作定语，修饰名词或代词等 This is a most serious problem. 这是一个极其严重的问题。 (2)作表语 He is interested in watching TV. 他对看电视感兴趣。 (3)作宾语，英语中“the＋形容词”可以作为名词使用，担任动词的宾语，表示具有该形容词的特征、性质或者状态的人、事或物。 We should respect the old.我们应该尊敬老年人。 (4)作宾补 03 cut down PART 03 四、副词短语核心考点 01 副词短语必考点 01 02 03 构成形式识别 考查副词短语的构成形式，如识别“very carefully”“pretty soon”“far from the station”等短语的构成特点，要求学生熟悉副词短语中修饰语与副词的结合方式，以及后置修饰语或补足成分的构成形式，能够准确判断副词短语的构成类型，为进一步学习和运用副词短语提供基础。 句法功能判断 考查副词短语在句子中的句法功能，如分析副词短语作状语修饰动词、形容词或副词的情况，要求学生根据句子结构和语境，判断副词短语在句子中的具体作用，理解其修饰动作、状态或程度等功能，准确识别副词短语的功能，掌握其在修饰不同成分时的用法特点。 修饰对象判断 考查副词短语的修饰对象，要求学生掌握副词短语修饰动词、形容词或副词的规则，能够根据句子结构和语义，准确判断副词短语所修饰的对象，避免修饰对象混乱而导致的语病或语义不清，确保副词短语的使用准确、恰当。 系动词分类 以副词为中心词的短语是副词短语。副词短语的结合方式是：修饰语＋副词，有时中心词之后还带有后置修饰语或补足成分。 如：very carefully，pretty soon，far from the station等。 02 副词短语 句法功能 She plans to travel in the coming May Day. ______ 副词短语在句子中常常作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。 He is ill extremely seriously with a bad cancer. 他患了严重的癌症，病情极为严重。 He studies English most slowly of the three. 三个人中，他学英语学得最慢。 03 cut down PART 04 五、典例分析 位语 一、写出下列句子中划线部分判断其是的名词短语、形容词短语或副词短语, 并写出其句法功能。 1. Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 2．Mr Smith is a man with bad manners. 3．She types quickly and correctly. 4．He runs extremely fast. 5．The boy is too young to understand clearly enough what his mother has said. 6．The boy entered a shoe store which was big and tidy and bought a pair of shoes. 7．The little girl is staring at her mother, nervous and frightened. 8．These books for children are much too easy for adults to read. 9. The festival is one of the four largest ice and snow festivals in the world! 10．The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei. 位语 11．She studies English very hard. 12．Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends. 13．He will travel to a beautiful city next month. 14．The exam was surprisingly easy. 15．He looked very worried. 16．Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both humans and animals. 17．John, an old friend of mine，comes from America 位语 答案：1. 形容词短语 2．a man with bad manners为名词短语作表语 3．quickly and correctly 为副词短语作状语 4．extremely fast为副词短语作状语 5．too young为形容词短语作表语clearly enough为副词短语作状语 6．a shoe store为名词短语作宾语big and tidy为形容词短语作表语 a pair of shoes为名词短语作宾语 7．The little girl为名词短语作主语nervous and frightened为形容词短语作状语 8．These books for children 为名词短语作主语much too easy为形容词短语作表语 9.名词短语作宾语 10．名词短语;主语 11．副词短语;状语 12．名词短语;宾语 13．名词短语;宾语 14．形容词短语;表语 15．形容词短语;表语 16．名词短语;表语 17．名词短语;同位语 位语 二. 写出下列短文中加黑的短语属于名词短语、形容词短语还是副词短语，并写出其所作的成分 In Canada，volunteering is 1.extremely common among people of all ages.They believe that being helpful is 2.one of the most important qualities to have.There are many forms of 3.voluntary work and opportunities to help are everywhere，including schools or people’s gardens. I’m volunteering for an organization to assist 4.the teachers there.I’m in charge of a preschool class，where students are 5.very lovely.When I first started，I was 6.quite nervous as I’d never worked with little kids before.As time went on，I became more familiar with them.One teacher asked me to help 7.the youngest girl in the class draw a picture based on the word “grateful”．As I was drawing and talking with her，I gradually felt 8.warm and peaceful，and I realized it was not that difficult to work with children.When the class was over，I felt really excited and even 9.a bit proud of what I had done. Volunteering gives us not only an opportunity to change someone’s life but also the satisfaction of helping others.It is also a great way to develop social skills and valuable experience for our future.For example，I have learned to speak to others 10.more kindly and clearly. 答案 1.形容词短语；作表语 2.名词短语；作表语 3.名词短语；作宾语 4.名词短语；作宾语 5.形容词短语；作表语 6.形容词短语；作表语 7.名词短语；作宾语 8.形容词短语；作表语 9.形容词短语； 作表语 10.副词短语；作状语 谢谢大家！ $$