Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Reading and Thinking 语言点导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

语言点 Reading and Thinking Page14, 15 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page14指课本第14页。相关类似) (颜色使用说明：红色为宏观位置提示。绿色为重要语言点提醒。紫色为必做笔记部分。) (附录：课文汉语译文) Para1, Line3, Page14 These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.如果任其发展,在他们长大成人后,这些不良习惯可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。 状语从句的省略 句式点拨 if left unchecked意为“如果任其发展”,是一个省略句,相当于if they/these bad habits are left unchecked。 状语从句的省略条件: 从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it, 且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时,可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。 单句填空 ①Unless 　　　　(invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.  ②The research is so designed that once　　　　(begin) nothing can be done to change it.  ③While 　　　　(wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.  Keys:①invited　②begun　③waiting　 完成句子/句式改写 ④The disease, which will put more people at risk, is often fatal 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  这种疾病会使更多的人处于危险之中,如果不加以控制,通常是致命的。 ⑤When we compare different cultures, we often notice the differences but ignore the similarities. → 　　　　　　　　　　, we often notice the differences but ignore the similarities. (用省略句改写)   ⑥When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public next year. → 　　　　　　　　　, the museum will be open to the public next year. (用省略句改写)   Keys:④if (it is) left unchecked ⑤When comparing different cultures　⑥When completed Para1, Line6, Page14 To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. 防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。 prevent ... from ...阻止……；防止…… No one can prevent this plan from being carried out. 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 知识拓展 prevent / stop / keep ... from ..．均意为"阻止……"，但 prevent / stop ... from ..．中的 from 可以省略，而 keep ... from ..．中的 from 不能省略。但在其被动语态中， from 均不可省略。 单句填空 ①Their son was prevented going to college last year because of their low income. ②They were stopped from (enter) the burning building . 翻译句子 ③It can prevent heat from escaping from Earth into space. Keys: ①from ②entering ③它可以阻止热量从地球逃逸到太空。 Para1, Line6, Page14 To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. 防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。 dominate　vt. & vi.支配;控制;占有优势;在……中拥有最重要的位置;俯视;高耸于 (1)be dominated by…　被……所主宰 (2)domination n. 控制;支配 under the domination of 在……的支配下 (3)dominant adj. 首要的;占支配地位的;占优势的;显著的 单句填空 ①Paris has played a 　　　　　　　　(dominate) role in France, not just in political terms but also in economic power.  ②The company has struggled to maintain its 　　　(dominate) in the marketplace in the past few years.  ③ 　　　　　　　　(dominate) by the continental highland climate, the Qilian Mountains’ climate is mostly dry and cold with frequent winds.  Keys:①dominant　②domination　③Dominated　 完成句子 ④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, leaving little room for the other student to improve.这会阻碍学生的进步,因为程度较高的学生可能会主导谈话,让其他学生几乎没有提高的空间。  ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 nervousness, I jumped to my feet, asking myself, “What should I do?”  一阵紧张笼罩着我,我跳了起来,问自己:我该怎么办?(读后续写之心理描写) Keys:④dominate the conversation　⑤Dominated by/Under the domination of Para1, Page14常见基础短语 Line1, grow up, 成长，长大 Line1, make a decision, (make decisions), 做出一个决定 Line2, during this period, 在这个时期 Line4, form bad habits, 形成坏习惯 Line5, become/be involved in, 涉及到，参与 Line5, tobacco abuse, 吸烟成瘾 abuse n./v. 滥用，虐待 tobacco or alcohol abuse 过度吸烟喝酒 The leader has been arrested for the abuse of power /abusing power. 这位领导因滥用权力而被捕(arrest)。 Janet has been abused by her father since (she was) 11. Janet从11 岁起就遭父亲虐待。 Para2, Line2, Page14 There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are what we repeatedly do.”有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言：“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。” 过去分词短语作定语 本句中的based on the philosophy of Aristotle为过去分词短语作定语，修饰saying，相当于定语从句which/that is based on the philosophy of Aristotle。 过去分词(短语)作定语，与被修饰词之间为被动关系。单个的过去分词作定语常置于其所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。 单句填空 ①I would like to live in an environment (surround) by green trees，where I can refresh myself after a day’s work. ②With ，I trotted in the forest，searching for . 我一脸担心，在森林里小跑着，寻找灰心丧气的大卫。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写) Keys: ①surrounded②a concerned/worried look on my face; discouraged David 完成句子 ③I am one of the few students ，so I am greatly convinced that I am equal to the job advertised on your website. 我是为数不多的高中时被选中出国留学的学生之一，所以我非常确信我能胜任你们网站上刊登的工作。(应用文写作之申请信) ④The newspaper Youth contains articles that were written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) →The newspaper Youth contains articles about the cultures of their home countries. Keys:③selected to study abroad in senior high school ④written by foreign friends Para3, Line3, Page14 Firstly, there is a " cue ", an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do some - thing. 第一是"触发因素"，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。 1.剖析:句中 that acts as a signal to do something 为定语从句，修饰先行词 an action , event or situation ，且 that 可替换为 which 。 2. signal n ．信号 It ' s a pity that nobody saw the signal made with a red flag. 遗憾的是，没人看到那个用红旗打出的信号。 signal to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal n ．指示灯，信号灯，红绿灯 traffic signals 交通信号灯 完成句子 ①胸部疼痛可能是心脏问题的警告信号。 Chest pains can be heart problems. ②她示意到离开的时候了。 She it was time to leave. ③她示意我们跟她走。 She follow her. Keys: ①signals of ②signaled ③signaled to me to Para3, Line6, Page14 Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二是“惯常行为”,即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。 in response to　回答;答复 (1) response n.　　回答, 回应;反应 make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 (2) respond v. 回答, 回应;有改进;见起色 respond to 回答, 回应 单句填空 ①[2022·全国乙卷] He took me to the museum, and I responded very strongly　　　　what I saw on the walls there.  ②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful 　　　　(respond).  Keys:①to　②response 完成句子 ③Every time I asked him for advice, he would 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　immediately.  每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。 ④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] “They have known how to take care of others.” Father said 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, winking at Jenna and Jeff.  “他们已经知道如何照顾别人了。”父亲回应了她的兴奋,并向珍娜和杰夫使了个眼色。 Keys:③respond to/make a response to me ④in response to her excitement Para3, Line7, Page14 Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三是“回报”,即我们从惯常行为中得到的美好的事物或感觉。 reward　n.报酬;报答;酬金 vt.给以报酬;报答;奖赏 (1)in reward for　　　作为对……的报酬/报答 as a reward for… 作为对……的报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb for sth为某事而给某人报酬 (2)reward sb for (doing) sth因……而酬谢/报答某人 reward sb with sth 用……酬谢/报答某人 (3)rewarding adj. 值得做的,有益的 例句 Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was rewarded with a magnificent view. 任何一个登上泰山之巅的人都会欣赏到美丽的风景。 单句填空 ①The firemen were given a medal as a reward 　　　　　　saving the child’s life.  ②[2023·全国甲卷] From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work 　　　　　　　　(reward) with ￡5 in pocket money.  ③[2021·北京卷] The most 　　　　　　　　(reward) day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.  Keys:①for　②was rewarded　③rewarding　 完成句子/一句多译 ④[2020·天津卷书面表达] I’m more than delighted to introduce the significant coming-of-age ceremony to you. After all, we students have realised that we must study harder 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(应用文写作之活动感受)  我非常高兴地向大家介绍这次意义非凡的成人礼。毕竟,我们这些学生已经意识到,我们必须更加努力地学习,以回报老师和家长的耐心指导。 ⑤作为对他努力的回报,库克先生去年获得了大笔奖金以及价值5900万美元的股票期权。 →For his efforts, Mr Cook 　　　　　　a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　his efforts, Mr Cook received a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　his efforts, Mr Cook received a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.  Keys:④in reward for our teachers’ and parents’ patient guidance　⑤was rewarded with; In reward for; As a reward for Para3, Line11, Page15 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. 这个奖励使我们更有可能继续这样的循环,然后依赖不健康的零食的坏习惯就形成了。 rely　vi.依靠,依赖;信赖 (1)rely on/upon(=depend/count on/upon)依赖,依靠 rely on/upon sb to do sth指望某人做某事;相信某人会做某事 rely on/upon it that… 相信……;指望…… (2)reliable adj. 可信赖的;可依靠的 reliably adv. 可靠地;确实地 (3)reliability n. 可靠性 单句填空 ①　　　　　　　　(rely) too much on your parents in your childhood will make you unable to be independent when you grow up.   ②I was appreciative of having a 　　　　(rely) teammate who contributed significantly to our group assignment.  ③We can rely on William 　　　　　(carry) out this mission, for his judgement is always sound.   Keys:①Relying　②reliable　③to carry/carrying　 完成句子/一句多译 ④Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  伯纳德决心以他们为榜样,成为一个别人可以依靠的人。 ⑤我最尊敬我的叔叔,因为每当我处于困境中时,我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。 →I respect my uncle most because    whenever I am in trouble. (rely on/upon sb to do) →I respect my uncle most because 　　　　　　　　whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that…)   Keys:④a person whom others can rely on　⑤I can rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions; I can rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions Para4, Line1, Page15 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. 为了促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向变化,我们必须首先审视我们的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去改变它们。 facilitate　vt.(to make something possible or easier)促进;促使;使便利 facility n.设施;设备 shopping facilities 商店设施 medical facilities 医疗设施 sports facilities 体育设施 单句填空 ①The overall quality of water remains very poor in that area, therefore 　　　　　　　　(facilitate) the spread of the disease.  ②　　　　　　　　 (facilitate) the development of local economy, the government has adopted a more flexible and diversified approach.  ③One possible solution is to provide more sports 　　　　　　　　(facility) to encourage a more active lifestyle.  Keys:①facilitating　②To facilitate　③facilities　 完成句子 ④During your visit, we’ll show you around the school history gallery,  　　　　　　　　　　　　.  在您参观期间,我们将带您参观学校历史画廊,这将有助于您了解我们的学校。 Keys:　④which will facilitate your understanding of our school Para4, Line2, Page15 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. 为了促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向变化,我们必须首先审视我们的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去改变它们。 adapt：动词（v.）基本含义：1. 适应：指通过改变自己以适应新的环境、情况或要求。2. 改编：指对某部作品进行修改，使其适合新的形式或用途。 (1).adapt to sth.：适应…… It took him a while to adapt to the new rules. 他花了些时间才适应新规则。 (2).adapt oneself to sth.：使自己适应…… You must adapt yourself to the new environment. 你必须使自己适应新环境。 (3).adapt sth. for sth.：把某物改编为…… The story was adapted for television. 这个故事被改编为电视剧。 (4).adapt sth. from sth.：根据……改编某物 The screenplay was adapted from a best-selling book. 这个电影剧本是根据一本畅销书改编的。 单句填空 ①He moved to a foreign country, where he had to himself to the new customs and habits. ②In today’s fast-changing world, it is crucial for us to new technologies and innovations. 在当今快速变化的世界中，适应新技术和创新对我们来说至关重要。 ③The company needs to the changing consumer demands. 公司需要根据消费者需求的变化调整其营销策略。 Keys: ①adapt ②adapt to ③adapt its marketing strategies to Para4, Line4, Page15 For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. 例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。 negative词性：(1)形容词：表示“否定的”“消极的”“负面的”“有害的”“负的”（数学中）。(2)名词：表示“否定”“拒绝”“否定回答”“负数”“底片”。(3)动词：表示“否定”“拒绝”“抵消”。 (1). have a negative attitude towards sth.：对……持消极态度 You should not have a negative attitude towards learning. 你不应对学习持消极态度。 (2). have a negative impact/effect on sth.：对……产生负面影响 Smoking has a negative impact on health. 吸烟对健康有负面影响。 (3). negative feedback：负面反馈 He received negative feedback from his colleagues. 他从同事那里收到了负面反馈。 (4). negative response：负面回应 The audience gave a negative response to the performance. 观众对表演的反应是负面的。 (5). negative result：阴性结果（医学）、负面结果 The test showed a negative result. 测试结果显示为阴性。 单句填空 ①He tried to stay positive despite the feedback he received. (positive反义词) 完成句子 ② will prevent you from achieving your goals. 对学习的消极态度会阻碍你实现目标。 ③ on the environment cannot be ignored. 污染对环境的负面影响不容忽视。 Keys: ①negative ②A negative attitude towards learning ③The negative effects of pollution Para5, Line1, Page15 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。 straight away 立即；马上 “立即，马上”的其他表达： right away；right now；at once；in no time；immediately；in an instant＝instantly 单句填空 ①When she entered the dark room，fear dominated her straight and chill ran down her back. ②Whenever you are in trouble，I guarantee that I will go to your assistance once. ③ (instant)，he took off his coat，jumped into the water and struggled to swim towards that drowning girl.(读后续写之动作链描写) ④I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal no time. Keys:①away ②at ③Instantly ④in Para5, Line2, Page15 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。 pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的(pessimism n．悲观，悲观情绪 optimistic adj.乐观的 optimism n．乐观；乐观主义) be pessimistic about对……悲观 be optimistic about对……乐观 单句填空 ①Fortunately， (optimistic) and hope rose in my deep heart once again and a broad smile emerged on my face. 完成句子 ②Learning that you ，I am writing to supply you with some tips straight away. Keep in mind that it is normal to come across difficulties in senior high，so you should your campus life. Only if you can you study more efficiently. I sincerely hope that you can by following the above proposals. 得知你对自己的学习很悲观，我写信是想马上给你提供一些建议。请记住，在高中遇到困难是正常的，所以你应该对你的校园生活持乐观的态度。只有你对一切都乐观，你才能更有效地学习。我真诚地希望你能通过以上建议摆脱悲观情绪。(应用文写作之建议信) Keys:①optimism ②Learning that you are pessimistic about your studies，I am writing to supply you with some tips straight away. Keep in mind that it is normal to come across difficulties in senior high，so you should hold an optimistic attitude to your campus life. Only if you are optimistic about everything can you study more efficiently. I sincerely hope that you can get rid of pessimism by following the above proposals. Para5, Line3, Page15 As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”正如中国哲学家老子所说: “千里之行,始于足下。” as引导的非限制性定语从句 句式点拨 句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代后面整句话的内容。as引导的定语从句具有方式状语从句的含义,意为“正如,正像”。 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as用法：在从句中指代整个主句,意为“正如,正像”,其位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句尾都可以。常用结构:as everybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样;as is known to all众所周知;as (we had) expected正如(我们)预料的那样;as is mentioned above正如上面提到的那样;as is often the case情况常常如此;as is reported正如报道的那样。 Which用法：在从句中指代人或物,其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后;当指代整个主句时,主句和从句之间通常是因果关系。 单句填空 ①Chinese Opera is the traditional form of Chinese theatre,　　　　combines dialogue, music, vocal performance, dance, and so on.  ②The number of smokers,　　　　is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.  ③　　　　you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.  Keys:2.①which　②as　③As　 完成句子/句式改写 ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, “A book must be the axe for the frozen sea within us.”   正如卡夫卡(Kafka)曾说的:“一本书必须是劈开我们内心冰封大海的斧子。” ⑤We all know that the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future. (用定语从句改写)   →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future. (用主语从句改写)   Keys:④As Kafka once said　⑤As is known to all/As we all know;It is known to all that Para5, Line6, Page15 After all, it is not easy to break bad habits 毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。 after all 毕竟；终究 all in all总而言之 in all总共；共计 at all根本；全然(常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气) above all首先；最重要的是 first of all首先 单句填空 ①I wonder if you could tell me how many classes there are all per week.(应用文写作之询问信) 完成句子 ② ，it is not unusual for many Senior Three students to feel stressed out before important exams.So you don’t need to worry . ，it would be a good idea if you could share your feelings with your friends or teachers.Furthermore，try not to be pessimistic about life and study. ，follow the above suggestions and you will find it easy to change your current terrible situation. 毕竟，许多高三学生在重要考试前感到焦虑不安是很正常的。所以你完全不用担心。首先，如果你能和你的朋友或老师分享你的感受，这将是一个好主意。此外，尽量不要对生活和学习悲观。总之，遵循上面的建议，你会发现改变你目前糟糕的状况很容易。(应用文写作之建议信) Keys:①in ②After all，it is not unusual for many Senior Three students to feel stressed out before important exams. So you don’t need to worry at all. First of all/Above all，it would be a good idea if you could share your feelings with your friends or teachers. Furthermore，try not to be pessimistic about life and study. All in all，follow the above suggestions and you will find it easy to change your current terrible situation. Para6, Line3, Page15 However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. 然而,没有“神奇药丸”或删除键可以帮助你;你必须思考你的坏习惯,并决定(做出)一些改变 decide on　(to choose something or someone after careful thought)决定;选定 (1)decide on sth/doing sth(=decide to do sth)决定做某事 (2)decision n. 决定,决策;果断 make a decision (to do sth) 做出决定(做某事) make decisions/a decision about就……做出决定 单句填空 ①[2022·全国乙卷] In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision 　　　　　　　　(go) to Elkhead.  ②[2023·北京卷] It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions 　　　　where to attend college.  Keys:①to go　②about　 完成句子 ③[2022·北京卷应用文写作] The talk will last about an hour, and you can 　　　　　　　　　　　.  谈话将持续大约一个小时,你可以在你方便的时候确定日期。 ④She replayed the events of the day in her mind, wondering 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  她在脑海中回想着那天发生的事情,不知道自己是否做出了正确的决定。(读后续写之心理描写) Keys:③decide on a date at your convenience ④if/whether she had made the right decision 附录：课文汉语译文 The greatest wealth is health. ——Virgil 健康是最大的财富。 HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 健康的生活方式需养成的习惯 As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes. 在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒，造成身心健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。 To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: "We are what we repeatedly do. " In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work 改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言:“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。 According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the "habit cycle", which works like this：根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下: · Firstly， there is a “cue” , an action， event，or situation that acts as a signal to do something. 第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。 · Secondly, there is a "routine", the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。 · Thirdly, there is the "reward", the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。 For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine) which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed 例如，当我们感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们会吃很多不健康零食(惯常行为)，这让我们感到快乐(回报)。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这不良习惯 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine) which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead. 为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，然后尝试去改变它们。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐(惯常行为)，而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松(回报)。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候(触发因素)，我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说:“千里之行，始于足下。” 一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。 For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits! 对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在;你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 语言点 Reading and Thinking Page14, 15 (指示性缩略语说明：Para1,指课文第1段。Line1指本段第1行。Page14指课本第14页。相关类似) (粗体使用说明：粗体为重点记忆部分。) (附录一：练习答案。附录二：课文汉语译文) Para1, Line3, Page14 These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.如果任其发展,在他们长大成人后,这些不良习惯可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。 状语从句的省略 句式点拨 if left unchecked意为“如果任其发展”,是一个省略句,相当于if they/these bad habits are left unchecked。 状语从句的省略条件: 从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it, 且从句谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时,可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略。 单句填空 ①Unless 　　　　(invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.  ②The research is so designed that once　　　　(begin) nothing can be done to change it.  ③While 　　　　(wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.  完成句子/句式改写 ④The disease, which will put more people at risk, is often fatal 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  这种疾病会使更多的人处于危险之中,如果不加以控制,通常是致命的。 ⑤When we compare different cultures, we often notice the differences but ignore the similarities. → 　　　　　　　　　　, we often notice the differences but ignore the similarities. (用省略句改写)   ⑥When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public next year. → 　　　　　　　　　, the museum will be open to the public next year. (用省略句改写)   Para1, Line6, Page14 To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. 防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。 prevent ... from ...阻止……；防止…… No one can prevent this plan from being carried out. 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 知识拓展 prevent / stop / keep ... from ..．均意为"阻止……"，但 prevent / stop ... from ..．中的 from 可以省略，而 keep ... from ..．中的 from 不能省略。但在其被动语态中， from 均不可省略。 单句填空 ①Their son was prevented going to college last year because of their low income. ②They were stopped from (enter) the burning building . 翻译句子 ③It can prevent heat from escaping from Earth into space. Para1, Line6, Page14 To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. 防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。 dominate　vt. & vi.支配;控制;占有优势;在……中拥有最重要的位置;俯视;高耸于 (1)be dominated by…　被……所主宰 (2)domination n. 控制;支配 under the domination of 在……的支配下 (3)dominant adj. 首要的;占支配地位的;占优势的;显著的 单句填空 ①Paris has played a 　　　　　　　　(dominate) role in France, not just in political terms but also in economic power.  ②The company has struggled to maintain its 　　　(dominate) in the marketplace in the past few years.  ③ 　　　　　　　　(dominate) by the continental highland climate, the Qilian Mountains’ climate is mostly dry and cold with frequent winds.  完成句子 ④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷应用文写作] This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, leaving little room for the other student to improve.这会阻碍学生的进步,因为程度较高的学生可能会主导谈话,让其他学生几乎没有提高的空间。  ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 nervousness, I jumped to my feet, asking myself, “What should I do?”  一阵紧张笼罩着我,我跳了起来,问自己:我该怎么办?(读后续写之心理描写) Para1, Page14常见基础短语 Line1, grow up, 成长，长大 Line1, make a decision, (make decisions), 做出一个决定 Line2, during this period, 在这个时期 Line4, form bad habits, 形成坏习惯 Line5, become/be involved in, 涉及到，参与 Line5, tobacco abuse, 吸烟成瘾 abuse n./v. 滥用，虐待 tobacco or alcohol abuse 过度吸烟喝酒 The leader has been arrested for the abuse of power /abusing power. 这位领导因滥用权力而被捕(arrest)。 Janet has been abused by her father since (she was) 11. Janet从11 岁起就遭父亲虐待。 Para2, Line2, Page14 There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are what we repeatedly do.”有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言：“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。” 过去分词短语作定语 本句中的based on the philosophy of Aristotle为过去分词短语作定语，修饰saying，相当于定语从句which/that is based on the philosophy of Aristotle。 过去分词(短语)作定语，与被修饰词之间为被动关系。单个的过去分词作定语常置于其所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。 单句填空 ①I would like to live in an environment (surround) by green trees，where I can refresh myself after a day’s work. ②With ，I trotted in the forest，searching for . 我一脸担心，在森林里小跑着，寻找灰心丧气的大卫。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写) 完成句子 ③I am one of the few students ，so I am greatly convinced that I am equal to the job advertised on your website. 我是为数不多的高中时被选中出国留学的学生之一，所以我非常确信我能胜任你们网站上刊登的工作。(应用文写作之申请信) ④The newspaper Youth contains articles that were written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) →The newspaper Youth contains articles about the cultures of their home countries. Para3, Line3, Page14 Firstly, there is a " cue ", an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do some - thing. 第一是"触发因素"，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。 1.剖析:句中 that acts as a signal to do something 为定语从句，修饰先行词 an action , event or situation ，且 that 可替换为 which 。 2. signal n ．信号 It ' s a pity that nobody saw the signal made with a red flag. 遗憾的是，没人看到那个用红旗打出的信号。 signal to sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal n ．指示灯，信号灯，红绿灯 traffic signals 交通信号灯 完成句子 ①胸部疼痛可能是心脏问题的警告信号。 Chest pains can be heart problems. ②她示意到离开的时候了。 She it was time to leave. ③她示意我们跟她走。 She follow her. Para3, Line6, Page14 Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二是“惯常行为”,即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。 in response to　回答;答复 (1) response n.　　回答, 回应;反应 make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回答 (2) respond v. 回答, 回应;有改进;见起色 respond to 回答, 回应 单句填空 ①[2022·全国乙卷] He took me to the museum, and I responded very strongly　　　　what I saw on the walls there.  ②[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful 　　　　(respond).  完成句子 ③Every time I asked him for advice, he would 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　immediately.  每当我向他寻求建议时,他总是立即给我回复。 ④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷读后续写] “They have known how to take care of others.” Father said 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, winking at Jenna and Jeff.  “他们已经知道如何照顾别人了。”父亲回应了她的兴奋,并向珍娜和杰夫使了个眼色。 Para3, Line7, Page14 Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三是“回报”,即我们从惯常行为中得到的美好的事物或感觉。 reward　n.报酬;报答;酬金 vt.给以报酬;报答;奖赏 (1)in reward for　　　作为对……的报酬/报答 as a reward for… 作为对……的报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb for sth为某事而给某人报酬 (2)reward sb for (doing) sth因……而酬谢/报答某人 reward sb with sth 用……酬谢/报答某人 (3)rewarding adj. 值得做的,有益的 例句 Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was rewarded with a magnificent view. 任何一个登上泰山之巅的人都会欣赏到美丽的风景。 单句填空 ①The firemen were given a medal as a reward 　　　　　　saving the child’s life.  ②[2023·全国甲卷] From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work 　　　　　　　　(reward) with ￡5 in pocket money.  ③[2021·北京卷] The most 　　　　　　　　(reward) day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together.  完成句子/一句多译 ④[2020·天津卷书面表达] I’m more than delighted to introduce the significant coming-of-age ceremony to you. After all, we students have realised that we must study harder 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(应用文写作之活动感受)  我非常高兴地向大家介绍这次意义非凡的成人礼。毕竟,我们这些学生已经意识到,我们必须更加努力地学习,以回报老师和家长的耐心指导。 ⑤作为对他努力的回报,库克先生去年获得了大笔奖金以及价值5900万美元的股票期权。 →For his efforts, Mr Cook 　　　　　　a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　his efforts, Mr Cook received a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.  → 　　　　　　　　　　　his efforts, Mr Cook received a great amount of cash and stock options worth $59m last year.  Para3, Line11, Page15 The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. 这个奖励使我们更有可能继续这样的循环,然后依赖不健康的零食的坏习惯就形成了。 rely　vi.依靠,依赖;信赖 (1)rely on/upon(=depend/count on/upon)依赖,依靠 rely on/upon sb to do sth指望某人做某事;相信某人会做某事 rely on/upon it that… 相信……;指望…… (2)reliable adj. 可信赖的;可依靠的 reliably adv. 可靠地;确实地 (3)reliability n. 可靠性 单句填空 ①　　　　　　　　(rely) too much on your parents in your childhood will make you unable to be independent when you grow up.   ②I was appreciative of having a 　　　　(rely) teammate who contributed significantly to our group assignment.  ③We can rely on William 　　　　　(carry) out this mission, for his judgement is always sound.   完成句子/一句多译 ④Bernard made up his mind to follow their examples to be 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  伯纳德决心以他们为榜样,成为一个别人可以依靠的人。 ⑤我最尊敬我的叔叔,因为每当我处于困境中时,我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。 →I respect my uncle most because    whenever I am in trouble. (rely on/upon sb to do) →I respect my uncle most because 　　　　　　　　whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that…)   Para4, Line1, Page15 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. 为了促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向变化,我们必须首先审视我们的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去改变它们。 facilitate　vt.(to make something possible or easier)促进;促使;使便利 facility n.设施;设备 shopping facilities 商店设施 medical facilities 医疗设施 sports facilities 体育设施 单句填空 ①The overall quality of water remains very poor in that area, therefore 　　　　　　　　(facilitate) the spread of the disease.  ②　　　　　　　　 (facilitate) the development of local economy, the government has adopted a more flexible and diversified approach.  ③One possible solution is to provide more sports 　　　　　　　　(facility) to encourage a more active lifestyle.  完成句子 ④During your visit, we’ll show you around the school history gallery,  　　　　　　　　　　　　.  在您参观期间,我们将带您参观学校历史画廊,这将有助于您了解我们的学校。 Para4, Line2, Page15 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. 为了促使坏习惯朝着积极的方向变化,我们必须首先审视我们的坏习惯循环,然后尽力去改变它们。 adapt：动词（v.）基本含义：1. 适应：指通过改变自己以适应新的环境、情况或要求。2. 改编：指对某部作品进行修改，使其适合新的形式或用途。 (1).adapt to sth.：适应…… It took him a while to adapt to the new rules. 他花了些时间才适应新规则。 (2).adapt oneself to sth.：使自己适应…… You must adapt yourself to the new environment. 你必须使自己适应新环境。 (3).adapt sth. for sth.：把某物改编为…… The story was adapted for television. 这个故事被改编为电视剧。 (4).adapt sth. from sth.：根据……改编某物 The screenplay was adapted from a best-selling book. 这个电影剧本是根据一本畅销书改编的。 单句填空 ①He moved to a foreign country, where he had to himself to the new customs and habits. ②In today’s fast-changing world, it is crucial for us to new technologies and innovations. 在当今快速变化的世界中，适应新技术和创新对我们来说至关重要。 ③The company needs to the changing consumer demands. 公司需要根据消费者需求的变化调整其营销策略。 Para4, Line4, Page15 For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. 例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。 negative词性：(1)形容词：表示“否定的”“消极的”“负面的”“有害的”“负的”（数学中）。(2)名词：表示“否定”“拒绝”“否定回答”“负数”“底片”。(3)动词：表示“否定”“拒绝”“抵消”。 (1). have a negative attitude towards sth.：对……持消极态度 You should not have a negative attitude towards learning. 你不应对学习持消极态度。 (2). have a negative impact/effect on sth.：对……产生负面影响 Smoking has a negative impact on health. 吸烟对健康有负面影响。 (3). negative feedback：负面反馈 He received negative feedback from his colleagues. 他从同事那里收到了负面反馈。 (4). negative response：负面回应 The audience gave a negative response to the performance. 观众对表演的反应是负面的。 (5). negative result：阴性结果（医学）、负面结果 The test showed a negative result. 测试结果显示为阴性。 单句填空 ①He tried to stay positive despite the feedback he received. (positive反义词) 完成句子 ② will prevent you from achieving your goals. 对学习的消极态度会阻碍你实现目标。 ③ on the environment cannot be ignored. 污染对环境的负面影响不容忽视。 Para5, Line1, Page15 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。 straight away 立即；马上 “立即，马上”的其他表达： right away；right now；at once；in no time；immediately；in an instant＝instantly 单句填空 ①When she entered the dark room，fear dominated her straight and chill ran down her back. ②Whenever you are in trouble，I guarantee that I will go to your assistance once. ③ (instant)，he took off his coat，jumped into the water and struggled to swim towards that drowning girl.(读后续写之动作链描写) ④I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal no time. Para5, Line2, Page15 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。 pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的(pessimism n．悲观，悲观情绪 optimistic adj.乐观的 optimism n．乐观；乐观主义) be pessimistic about对……悲观 be optimistic about对……乐观 单句填空 ①Fortunately， (optimistic) and hope rose in my deep heart once again and a broad smile emerged on my face. 完成句子 ②Learning that you ，I am writing to supply you with some tips straight away. Keep in mind that it is normal to come across difficulties in senior high，so you should your campus life. Only if you can you study more efficiently. I sincerely hope that you can by following the above proposals. 得知你对自己的学习很悲观，我写信是想马上给你提供一些建议。请记住，在高中遇到困难是正常的，所以你应该对你的校园生活持乐观的态度。只有你对一切都乐观，你才能更有效地学习。我真诚地希望你能通过以上建议摆脱悲观情绪。(应用文写作之建议信) Para5, Line3, Page15 As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”正如中国哲学家老子所说: “千里之行,始于足下。” as引导的非限制性定语从句 句式点拨 句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代后面整句话的内容。as引导的定语从句具有方式状语从句的含义,意为“正如,正像”。 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as用法：在从句中指代整个主句,意为“正如,正像”,其位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句尾都可以。常用结构:as everybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样;as is known to all众所周知;as (we had) expected正如(我们)预料的那样;as is mentioned above正如上面提到的那样;as is often the case情况常常如此;as is reported正如报道的那样。 Which用法：在从句中指代人或物,其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后;当指代整个主句时,主句和从句之间通常是因果关系。 单句填空 ①Chinese Opera is the traditional form of Chinese theatre,　　　　combines dialogue, music, vocal performance, dance, and so on.  ②The number of smokers,　　　　is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.  ③　　　　you can imagine, if your skin gets burned, it can be very serious.  完成句子/句式改写 ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, “A book must be the axe for the frozen sea within us.”   正如卡夫卡(Kafka)曾说的:“一本书必须是劈开我们内心冰封大海的斧子。” ⑤We all know that the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future. →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future. (用定语从句改写)   →　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the main purpose of school education is to have students in preparation for their future. (用主语从句改写)   Para5, Line6, Page15 After all, it is not easy to break bad habits 毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。 after all 毕竟；终究 all in all总而言之 in all总共；共计 at all根本；全然(常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气) above all首先；最重要的是 first of all首先 单句填空 ①I wonder if you could tell me how many classes there are all per week.(应用文写作之询问信) 完成句子 ② ，it is not unusual for many Senior Three students to feel stressed out before important exams.So you don’t need to worry . ，it would be a good idea if you could share your feelings with your friends or teachers.Furthermore，try not to be pessimistic about life and study. ，follow the above suggestions and you will find it easy to change your current terrible situation. 毕竟，许多高三学生在重要考试前感到焦虑不安是很正常的。所以你完全不用担心。首先，如果你能和你的朋友或老师分享你的感受，这将是一个好主意。此外，尽量不要对生活和学习悲观。总之，遵循上面的建议，你会发现改变你目前糟糕的状况很容易。(应用文写作之建议信) Para6, Line3, Page15 However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. 然而,没有“神奇药丸”或删除键可以帮助你;你必须思考你的坏习惯,并决定(做出)一些改变 decide on　(to choose something or someone after careful thought)决定;选定 (1)decide on sth/doing sth(=decide to do sth)决定做某事 (2)decision n. 决定,决策;果断 make a decision (to do sth) 做出决定(做某事) make decisions/a decision about就……做出决定 单句填空 ①[2022·全国乙卷] In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision 　　　　　　　　(go) to Elkhead.  ②[2023·北京卷] It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions 　　　　where to attend college.  完成句子 ③[2022·北京卷应用文写作] The talk will last about an hour, and you can 　　　　　　　　　　　.  谈话将持续大约一个小时,你可以在你方便的时候确定日期。 ④She replayed the events of the day in her mind, wondering 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  她在脑海中回想着那天发生的事情,不知道自己是否做出了正确的决定。(读后续写之心理描写) 附录一：练习答案。 Para1, Line3, Page14 Keys:①invited　②begun　③waiting　 Keys:④if (it is) left unchecked ⑤When comparing different cultures　⑥When completed Para1, Line6, Page14 Keys: ①from ②entering ③它可以阻止热量从地球逃逸到太空。 Para1, Line6, Page14 Keys:①dominant　②domination　③Dominated　 Keys:④dominate the conversation　⑤Dominated by/Under the domination of Para2, Line2, Page14 Keys: ①surrounded②a concerned/worried look on my face; discouraged David Keys:③selected to study abroad in senior high school ④written by foreign friends Para3, Line3, Page14 Keys: ①signals of ②signaled ③signaled to me to Para3, Line6, Page14 Keys:①to　②response Keys:③respond to/make a response to me ④in response to her excitement Para3, Line7, Page14 Keys:①for　②was rewarded　③rewarding　 Keys:④in reward for our teachers’ and parents’ patient guidance　⑤was rewarded with; In reward for; As a reward for Para3, Line11, Page15 Keys:①Relying　②reliable　③to carry/carrying　 Keys:④a person whom others can rely on　⑤I can rely on/upon him to offer me some practical suggestions; I can rely on/upon it that he can offer me some practical suggestions Para4, Line1, Page15 Keys:①facilitating　②To facilitate　③facilities　 Keys:④which will facilitate your understanding of our school Para4, Line2, Page15 Keys: ①adapt ②adapt to ③adapt its marketing strategies to Para4, Line4, Page15 Keys: ①negative ②A negative attitude towards learning ③The negative effects of pollution Para5, Line1, Page15 Keys:①away ②at ③Instantly ④in Para5, Line2, Page15 Keys:①optimism ②Learning that you are pessimistic about your studies，I am writing to supply you with some tips straight away. Keep in mind that it is normal to come across difficulties in senior high，so you should hold an optimistic attitude to your campus life. Only if you are optimistic about everything can you study more efficiently. I sincerely hope that you can get rid of pessimism by following the above proposals. Para5, Line3, Page15 Keys:2.①which　②as　③As　 Keys:④As Kafka once said　⑤As is known to all/As we all know;It is known to all that Para5, Line6, Page15 Keys:①in ②After all，it is not unusual for many Senior Three students to feel stressed out before important exams. So you don’t need to worry at all. First of all/Above all，it would be a good idea if you could share your feelings with your friends or teachers. Furthermore，try not to be pessimistic about life and study. All in all，follow the above suggestions and you will find it easy to change your current terrible situation. Para6, Line3, Page15 Keys:①to go　②about　 Keys:③decide on a date at your convenience ④if/whether she had made the right decision 附录二：课文汉语译文 The greatest wealth is health. ——Virgil 健康是最大的财富。 HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 健康的生活方式需养成的习惯 As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes. 在成长过程中，青少年会变得越来越独立，并且开始自己做决定。然而，在这一时期，他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。如果任其发展，在他们长大成人后，这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒，造成身心健康问题。防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会早早认清不良习惯并作出适当的改变。 To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: "We are what we repeatedly do. " In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work 改变不良习惯从来都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地尝试。有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言:“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”从很多方面看，我们的生活方式是我们所作出的选择的总和。我们选择做某件事，接着我们反反复复地做这件事。不久之后，这项选择就变得自然而然，成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是怎么运作的，我们就可以作出改变。 According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the "habit cycle", which works like this：根据现代心理学，我们必须首先了解“习惯循环”，其工作原理如下: · Firstly， there is a “cue” , an action， event，or situation that acts as a signal to do something. 第一是“触发因素”，即一个行动、事件或状况，充当要做某事的讯号。 · Secondly, there is a "routine", the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二是“惯常行为”，即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。 · Thirdly, there is the "reward", the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三是“回报”，即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。 For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine) which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed 例如，当我们感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们会吃很多不健康零食(惯常行为)，这让我们感到快乐(回报)。这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环，从而形成了依赖不健康零食这不良习惯 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine with something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine) which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead. 为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变，我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环，然后尝试去改变它们。为了做到这一点，我们可以把来自我们不良习惯循环的信息与我们自己的积极想法结合起来。例如，我们可以试着将一个消极的惯常行为替换为一个更积极的东西。因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时(触发因素)，我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐(惯常行为)，而不是吃零食，这会使我们感到放松(回报)。除了改变不良习惯之外，我们还可以利用习惯循环来养成良好的习惯。例如，当我们走到电梯前的时候(触发因素)，我们的惯常行为是乘坐电梯，但是我们可以改为走楼梯，从而将上述惯常行为改变为一个更积极的事情。 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits 我们中很多人试图迅速改变不良习惯，一旦没有立刻成功，我们往往变得悲观，继而放弃。事实上，改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。正如中国哲学家老子所说:“千里之行，始于足下。” 一步似乎很小，却至关重要。为了实现改变这一目标，一个人必须展示出一定程度的自制力，不断地出许多小步。毕竟，戒除不良习惯并非易事。 For young people, there is plenty of time to change bad habits. However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will help you; you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits! 对年轻人来说，有大量的时间可以改变不良习惯。然而，能帮助你的“魔力丸”或删除键并不存在;你必须思考自己的不良习惯，选定一些作出改变。你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$