内容正文:
Module 3-Unit 1 知识点总结与练习
外研版英语八年级下册
一、重点词汇
(一)基础词汇
1. space n. 太空;空间(短语 space station 太空站)
1. journey n. 旅行;旅程(长途,侧重陆地/太空旅行)
1. discover v. 发现(名词 discovery)
1. universe n. 宇宙(the universe 宇宙)
1. earth n. 地球;陆地(前加the,the Earth 地球)
1. moon n. 月亮;月球(前加the,the Moon 月球)
1. sun n. 太阳(前加the,the Sun 太阳)
1. planet n. 行星(如 Mars 火星,Venus 金星)
1. star n. 恒星;星星
1. astronaut n. 宇航员(近义词 spaceman)
1. rocket n. 火箭
1. land v. & n. 着陆;陆地(短语 land on 登陆)
1. message n. 信息;消息(短语 send a message 发送信息)
1. model n. 模型;模范(短语 model rocket 火箭模型)
1. recent adj. 最近的(副词 recently)
1. launch v. 发射(名词 launch)
1. none pron. 没有一个(三者及以上否定)
1. environment n. 环境(形容词 environmental)
1. latest adj. 最新的(短语 latest news 最新消息)
1. prove v. 证明(名词 proof)
(二)拓展词汇
1. discover(动词,发现)→ discovery(名词,发现)→ discoverer(名词,发现者)
1. astronaut(名词,宇航员)→ astronautic(形容词,航天的)→ astronautics(名词,航天学)
1. recent(形容词,最近的)→ recently(副词,最近)
1. launch(动词,发射)→ launching(动名词,发射)→ launcher(名词,发射器)
1. environment(名词,环境)→ environmental(形容词,环境的)→ environmentally(副词,环保地)
二、短语归纳
1.
1. space journey 太空旅行
1. space station 太空站
1. discover life 发现生命
1. land on the moon 登陆月球
1. send...into space 把……送入太空
1. in the universe 在宇宙中
1. model rocket 火箭模型
1. latest news 最新消息
1. environmental protection 环境保护
1. none of 没有一个
1. space technology 太空技术
1. solar system 太阳系
1. communicate with 与……交流
1. take photos 拍照
1. far away 遥远的
1. space travel 太空旅行
1. prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事
1. millions of 数百万的
1. search for 寻找
1. outer space 外太空
三、词义辨析
(一)already vs yet
区别
already
yet
用法
用于肯定句,“已经”(句中或句末)
用于否定句/疑问句,“还未/已经”(句末)
例句
China has already launched a new rocket.(中国已发射新火箭。)
Has the rocket arrived yet?(火箭到了吗?) It hasn’t landed yet.(还未着陆。)
(二)arrive vs reach
区别
arrive(不及物动词)
reach(及物动词)
用法
后接地点需加介词(arrive at+小地点/arrive in+大地点)
直接接地点名词
例句
The satellite arrived in space yesterday.(卫星昨天进入太空。)
When will the rocket reach the moon?(火箭何时到达月球?)
(三)job vs work
区别
job(可数名词)
work(不可数名词)
含义
具体的工作(如宇航员、教师)
泛指工作(体力/脑力劳动)
例句
His job is to control the rocket.(他的工作是控制火箭。)
Scientists work hard on space research.(科学家努力从事太空研究。)
四、重点句型
1. 现在完成时一般疑问句及回答
—Has it arrived yet?(它到了吗?)
—Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.(是的,到了。/ 不,还没到。)
1. 描述太空任务
China has sent many satellites into space.(中国已将许多卫星送入太空。)
Astronauts have landed on the moon several times.(宇航员已多次登陆月球。)
1. 表达观点
I think we will discover life on other planets one day.(我认为有一天我们会在其他行星发现生命。)
None of us has seen the real universe with our own eyes.(我们中没人亲眼见过真正的宇宙。)
1. 询问进展
What latest news have you heard about the space journey?(你听说关于太空旅行的最新消息了吗?)
五、语法聚焦
(一)现在完成时(一般疑问句)
结构:
肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他
一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + yet?
否定回答:No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.
例句:
Has the rocket launched yet?(火箭发射了吗?)
Yes, it has launched successfully.(是的,已成功发射。)
(二)不定代词 none 的用法
含义:表示“没有一个”(三者或以上否定),可指人或物。
结构:none of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词(谓语动词单复数均可)。
例:None of the planets have water.(没有行星有水。)
None of the information is correct.(没有信息是正确的。)
(三)不规则动词过去分词(Module 3重点)
原形
过去式
过去分词
send
sent
sent
arrive
arrived
arrived
land
landed
landed
discover
discovered
discovered
prove
proved
proved
练习题
(一)词汇填空(根据首字母或汉语提示写单词)
1. The s______ journey to Mars takes about 7 months.
1. Scientists hope to d______ life on other planets.
1. The e______ is our only home, so we must protect it.
1. China’s l______ satellite can take clear photos of the universe.
1. The a______ walked out of the rocket and waved to the earth.
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
1. ______ (recent), scientists have found a new planet.
1. The rocket ______ (land) on the moon successfully yesterday.
1. None of the ______ (astronaut) has returned to the earth yet.
1. We are making a ______ (model) of the space station.
1. The ______ (discover) of water on Mars is great news.
(三)单项选择(10题)
1. —Has the spaceship arrived in space?
—Yes, it ______ there an hour ago.
A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. has arrived
1. China has sent many astronauts ______ space.
A. into B. on C. at D. for
1. —Have you heard the latest news about the moon?
—No, I haven’t heard ______ yet.
A. already B. yet C. ever D. never
1. None of the students ______ seen the real rocket before.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
1. The rocket will ______ the moon in two days.
A. arrive B. reach C. get D. land
1. —What’s your ______?
—I’m an astronaut working on the space station.
A. work B. job C. study D. interest
1. They have worked on the space project ______ five years.
A. since B. for C. in D. at
1. The satellite takes photos of the earth and sends ______ back to us.
A. messages B. news C. information D. books
1. It’s difficult to prove the idea ______ everyone.
A. for B. to C. at D. with
1. Millions of stars are ______ away in the universe.
A. near B. far C. close D. next
(四)句型转换
1. The rocket has launched.(改为一般疑问句)
______ the rocket ______?
1. She has seen the model spaceship.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ the model spaceship.
1. They arrived in space yesterday.(用现在完成时改写)
They ______ ______ in space since yesterday.
1. None of the planets have water.(改为单数句)
None of the ______ ______ water.
1. The astronaut’s job is to do research.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ the astronaut’s job?
(五)阅读理解
China’s space journey has made great progress. In 2021, the Shenzhou-13 spacecraft launched successfully, sending three astronauts to the Tiangong space station. They stayed there for six months, doing scientific experiments and taking beautiful photos of the earth.
The astronauts also communicated with students on the earth, giving them lessons about space. This was the first time Chinese astronauts taught a class from space. The latest news shows that China is preparing for more space missions, including landing on Mars and building a larger space station.
1. When did Shenzhou-13 launch?
A. In 2020. B. In 2021. C. In 2022. D. In 2023.
1. How long did the astronauts stay in the space station?
A. Three months. B. Six months. C. One year. D. Two years.
1. What did the astronauts do in space?
A. Took photos of stars. B. Built a new rocket.
C. Taught lessons to students. D. Discovered life on Mars.
1. What is China preparing for next?
A. Sending more astronauts to the moon. B. Landing on Mars.
C. Closing the space station. D. Stopping space missions.
(六)书面表达
假设你是大明,你的英国朋友Tom对中国的太空探索感兴趣。请你写一封邮件,内容包括:
1. 中国最近的太空成就(如发射火箭、建立太空站);
1. 宇航员的任务(如做实验、拍照);
1. 你对太空探索的感受。
提示重点短语:
· space station
· scientific experiments
· take photos
· be proud of
要求:60-80词,格式正确,语言通顺。
答案及解析
(一)词汇填空
1. 【答案】space
【解析】“太空旅行”,space journey,填space。
1. 【答案】discover
【解析】“发现生命”,hope to do sth.,填discover。
1. 【答案】earth
【解析】“地球是我们唯一的家”,填earth(前加the,但此处首字母小写,因非句首)。
1. 【答案】latest
【解析】“最新的卫星”,填latest。
1. 【答案】astronaut
【解析】“宇航员走出火箭”,填astronaut。
(二)用所给词的适当形式填空
1. 【答案】Recently
【解析】修饰句子用副词Recently(最近),首字母大写。
1. 【答案】landed
【解析】yesterday提示一般过去时,land的过去式landed。
1. 【答案】astronauts
【解析】none of后接可数名词复数,astronaut的复数astronauts。
1. 【答案】model
【解析】“太空站模型”,名词model作定语,用原形。
1. 【答案】discovery
【解析】定冠词the后接名词discovery(发现)。
(三)单项选择
1. 【答案】C
【解析】an hour ago提示一般过去时,用arrived,故选C。
1. 【答案】A
【解析】send into space(送入太空)固定搭配,故选A。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】否定句/疑问句中“还未”用yet,故选B。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】none of + 复数名词,谓语动词可用复数have,故选B。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】reach(及物动词)直接接the moon,arrive需加at/in,故选B。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】询问具体职业用job(可数),work为不可数,故选B。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】five years是时间段,用for,故选B。
1. 【答案】A
【解析】“发送信息”,messages(具体信息)符合语境,故选A。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】prove sth. to sb.(向某人证明某事)固定搭配,故选B。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】far away(遥远的)固定短语,故选B。
(四)句型转换
1. 【答案】Has; launched
【解析】现在完成时一般疑问句,将has提前,填Has; launched。
1. 【答案】hasn’t seen
【解析】has后加not,过去分词seen,填hasn’t seen。
1. 【答案】have arrived
【解析】现在完成时,主语they用have arrived,since yesterday提示持续到现在。
1. 【答案】planet has
【解析】复数planets改单数planet,谓语动词用has,填planet has。
1. 【答案】What is
【解析】对工作内容提问用What is,填What is。
(五)阅读理解
1. 【答案】B
【解析】第一段“In 2021, the Shenzhou-13 spacecraft launched”,故选B。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】第一段“stayed there for six months”,故选B。
1. 【答案】C
【解析】第二段“communicated with students...giving them lessons”,故选C。
1. 【答案】B
【解析】第二段“preparing for more space missions, including landing on Mars”,故选B。
(六)书面表达(略)
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