专题10 被动语态四大要点归纳（讲义）-河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版），省编复习指导和历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本清单共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第10个专题，内容为被动语态。 2026年河南省对口升学一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题10 语态（讲+练） ( 【考点解读】 近5年河南省对口升学考试真题选择题中，出现 1 道 语态 题 。 涉及 将来完成时的被动 、 一般现在时的被动、一般过去时的被动和含情态动词的被动语态 等考点。 在之前的 河南省对口升学考试真题选择题中 ， 出现 3 道 语态 题 。由此可知， 被动语态 考查频次较 低 。 ) 【知识点清单一】现在时的被动语态 【要点精讲】 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/are/is＋过去分词 This kind of car is made in that factory 这种汽车是那家工厂生产的。 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词 The music is being played in the hall at the moment. 此刻，音乐正在大厅里播放。 现在完成时 have/has been＋过去分词 The problem has been solved by the team yet. 这个问题已经被团队解决了。 【即时训练】 1. English ______ in many countries around the world. A. is spoken B. speaks C. is speaking D. spoke 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：英语在世界上许多国家被说。“English”（英语）是 “speak”（说）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态结构为 “am/is/are + 过去分词” ，主语 “English” 是不可数名词，be 动词用 “is”，“speak” 的过去分词是 “spoken”。B 选项 “speaks” 是一般现在时的主动语态；C 选项 “is speaking” 是现在进行时的主动语态；D 选项 “spoke” 是一般过去时的主动语态，均不符合语境。故选 A 项。 2. The library ______ from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. every day. A. opening B. opens C. is open D. is opened 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般现在时的用法。句意：图书馆每天从上午 9 点到晚上 9 点开放。这里的 “open” 是形容词，表示 “开放的” 状态，“be + 形容词” 表示一种状态，句子主语 “The library” 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 “is”，所以用 “is open” 。A 选项 “opening” 是现在分词形式，不能单独作谓语；B 选项 “opens” 是动词 “open”（打开）的第三人称单数形式，强调动作，而原句表达的是图书馆开放的状态；D 选项 “is opened” 是一般现在时的被动语态，“图书馆被打开” 不符合原句想表达的图书馆开放的时间段的意思。故选 C 项。 3. A new bridge ______ over the river these days. A. is building B. is being built C. builds D. built 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：这些天一座新桥正在河上被建造。“A new bridge”（一座新桥）是 “build”（建造）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“these days”（这些天）表明是现阶段正在进行的动作，现在进行时的被动语态结构为 “am/is/are + being + 过去分词” ，主语 “A new bridge” 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 “is”，“build” 的过去分词是 “built”。A 选项 “is building” 是现在进行时的主动语态；C 选项 “builds” 是一般现在时的主动语态；D 选项 “built” 是一般过去时的主动语态，均不符合语境。故选 B 项。 4. The rooms ______ by the cleaners now. A. are cleaning B.clean C. are being cleaned D. cleaned 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：现在房间正在被清洁工打扫。“The rooms”（房间）是 “clean”（打扫）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“now”（现在）表明动作正在进行，现在进行时的被动语态结构为 “am/is/are + being + 过去分词” ，主语 “The rooms” 是复数，be 动词用 “are”，“clean” 的过去分词是 “cleaned”。A 选项 “are cleaning” 是现在进行时的主动语态；B 选项 “clean” 是动词原形，主动语态；D 选项 “cleaned” 是一般过去时的主动语态，均不符合语境。故选 C 项。 5.Many trees ______ in our school so far. A. have planted B. have been planted C. planted D. are planting 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：到目前为止，我们学校已经种了许多树。“Many trees”（许多树）是 “plant”（种植）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“so far”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时的被动语态结构为 “have/has + been + 过去分词” ，主语 “Many trees” 是复数，助动词用 “have”，“plant” 的过去分词是 “planted”。A 选项 “have planted” 是现在完成时的主动语态；C 选项 “planted” 是一般过去时的主动语态；D 选项 “are planting” 是现在进行时的主动语态，均不符合语境。故选 B 项。 6.The report ______ by the students already. A. has written B. has been written C. wrote D. writing 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：这份报告已经被学生们写好了。“The report”（这份报告）是 “write”（写）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“already”（已经）是现在完成时的标志词，现在完成时的被动语态结构为 “have/has + been + 过去分词” ，主语 “The report” 是第三人称单数，助动词用 “has”，“write” 的过去分词是 “written”。A 选项 “has written” 是现在完成时的主动语态；C 选项 “wrote” 是一般过去时的主动语态；D 选项 “writing” 是现在分词形式，不能单独作谓语，均不符合语境。故选 B 项。 【知识点清单二】过去时的被动语态 【要点精讲】 时态 结构 例句 一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 His bike was stolen outside the store an hour ago. 一小时前，他的自行车在商店外面被偷了。 过去进行时 was/were being＋过去分词 The new movie was being shown on TV at this time last Sunday. 上周日这个时候，这部新电影正在电视上播出。 过去完成时 had been＋过去分词 By the time he got to the station, the train tickets had been sold out.等他到达车站时，火车票已经售罄了。 过去将来时 would/be (was、were) going to＋be＋过去分词 The teacher said the homework would be checked the next week.老师说作业下周会被批改。 【即时训练】 1. The old building ______ last year. A. is pulled down B. pulled down C.was pulled down D. pulls down 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：那座旧建筑去年被拆除了。“The old building”（那座旧建筑）是 “pull down”（拆除）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“last year”（去年）是过去的时间，一般过去时的被动语态结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语 “The old building” 是单数，be 动词用 “was”，“pull down” 的过去分词是 “pulled down”。A 选项 “is pulled down” 是一般现在时的被动语态；B 选项 “pulled down” 是一般过去时的主动语态；D 选项 “pulls down” 是一般现在时的主动语态，均不符合要求。故选 C 项。 2. The letter ______ to him yesterday. A. was sent B. sent C. is sent D. sends 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：那封信昨天被寄给他了。“The letter”（那封信）是 “send”（寄）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“yesterday”（昨天）是过去的时间，一般过去时的被动语态结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，主语 “The letter” 是单数，be 动词用 “was”，“send” 的过去分词是 “sent”。B 选项 “sent” 是一般过去时的主动语态；C 选项 “is sent” 是一般现在时的被动语态；D 选项 “sends” 是一般现在时的主动语态，都不符合语境。故选 A 项。 3. The road ______ when I passed by last week. A. was repaired B. was being repaired C. is being repaired D. is repaired 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意：我上周路过时，那条路正在被修理。“The road”（那条路）是 “repair”（修理）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“when I passed by last week”（我上周路过的时候）表明过去某个时间正在进行的动作，过去进行时的被动语态结构为 “was/were + being + 过去分词”，主语 “The road” 是单数，be 动词用 “was”，“repair” 的过去分词是 “repaired”。A 选项 “was repaired” 是一般过去时的被动语态；C 选项 “is being repaired” 是现在进行时的被动语态；D 选项 “is repaired” 是一般现在时的被动语态，均不符合要求。故选 B 项。 4. The clothes ______ by my mother at that time yesterday. A.are washed B. were washed C. are being washed D. were being washed 【答案】D 【解析】考查过去进行时的被动语态。句意：昨天那个时候，那些衣服正在被我妈妈洗。“The clothes”（那些衣服）是 “wash”（洗）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“at that time yesterday”（昨天那个时候）表明过去某个时间正在进行的动作，过去进行时的被动语态结构为 “was/were + being + 过去分词”，主语 “The clothes” 是复数，be 动词用 “were”，“wash” 的过去分词是 “washed”。A 选项 “are washed” 是一般现在时的被动语态；B 选项 “were washed” 是一般过去时的被动语态；C 选项 “are being washed” 是现在进行时的被动语态，都不符合语境。故选 D 项。 5.The work ______ before she arrived. A.had finished B. had been finished C. was finished D. finished 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：在她到达之前，工作已经被完成了。“The work”（工作）是 “finish”（完成）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“before she arrived”（在她到达之前），“arrived” 是过去的动作，而工作完成发生在她到达之前，即 “过去的过去”，过去完成时的被动语态结构为 “had + been + 过去分词”，“finish” 的过去分词是 “finished”。A 选项 “had finished” 是过去完成时的主动语态；C 选项 “was finished” 是一般过去时的被动语态；D 选项 “finished” 是一般过去时的主动语态，均不符合要求。故选 B 项。 6.The bridge ______ by the end of last month. A.was built B. had built C. had been built D. builds 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：到上个月月底，那座桥已经被建成了。“The bridge”（那座桥）是 “build”（建造）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“by the end of last month”（到上个月月底）是过去完成时的时间标志，过去完成时的被动语态结构为 “had + been + 过去分词”，“build” 的过去分词是 “built”。A 选项 “was built” 是一般过去时的被动语态；B 选项 “had built” 是过去完成时的主动语态；D 选项 “builds” 是一般现在时的主动语态，都不符合语境。故选 C 项。 7.He said the meeting ______ the next week. A. would be held B. will be held C. is held D. holds 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去将来时的被动语态。句意：他说会议下周将被举行。“the meeting”（会议）是 “hold”（举行）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“He said” 表明主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态，“the next week”（下周）表示将来，所以从句要用过去将来时，过去将来时的被动语态结构为 “would + be + 过去分词”，“hold” 的过去分词是 “held”。B 选项 “will be held” 是一般将来时的被动语态；C 选项 “is held” 是一般现在时的被动语态；D 选项 “holds” 是一般现在时的主动语态，均不符合要求。故选 A 项。 8.She told me that the book ______ to the library soon. A. returns B. will be returned C. is returned D.would be returned 【答案】D 【解析】考查过去将来时的被动语态。句意：她告诉我那本书很快将被归还到图书馆。“the book”（那本书）是 “return”（归还）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“She told me” 表明主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态，“soon”（很快）表示将来，所以从句要用过去将来时，过去将来时的被动语态结构为 “would + be + 过去分词”，“return” 的过去分词是 “returned”。A 选项 “returns” 是一般现在时的主动语态；B 选项 “will be returned” 是一般将来时的被动语态；C 选项 “is returned” 是一般现在时的被动语态，都不符合语境。故选 D 项。 【知识点清单三】将来时的被动语态 【要点精讲】 时态 结构 例句 一般将来时 am/are/is＋过去分词 The old bridge will be repaired next month. 这座旧桥下个月将进行修缮。 将来完成时 will/shall/be (was、were) going to＋have＋been＋过去分词 By the end of next month, all the products will have been shipped to the customers. 到下个月底，所有产品都将已运送给客户。 【即时训练】 1. The new library ______ next year. A. will be built B. builds C. is built D. would be built 【答案】A 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：新图书馆明年将被建造。“The new library” 是 “build” 这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为 “will be + 过去分词”。B 选项 “builds” 是一般现在时的主动语态；C 选项 “is built” 是一般现在时的被动语态；D 选项 “would be built” 是过去将来时的被动语态，而句中有 “next year” 表示将来时间，所以用一般将来时的被动语态，A 选项 “will be built” 正确。故选 A 项。 2. All the waste paper ______ to be recycled tomorrow. A. collects B. will be collected C. is collected D. would be collected 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：所有的废纸明天将被收集起来回收利用。“All the waste paper” 是 “collect” 这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。由 “tomorrow” 可知是一般将来时，一般将来时的被动语态结构为 “will be + 过去分词”。A 选项 “collects” 是一般现在时的主动语态；C 选项 “is collected” 是一般现在时的被动语态；D 选项 “would be collected” 是过去将来时的被动语态，所以 B 选项 “will be collected” 正确。故选 B 项。 3. By the end of this year, all the tasks ______. A. will complete B.would have been completed C. are completed D.will have been completed 【答案】D 【解析】考查将来完成时的被动语态。句意：到今年年底，所有的任务都将被完成。“all the tasks” 是 “complete” 这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“By the end of this year” 是将来完成时的标志，将来完成时的被动语态结构为 “will have been + 过去分词”。A 选项 “will complete” 是一般将来时的主动语态；B 选项 “would have been completed” 是过去将来完成时的被动语态；C 选项 “are completed” 是一般现在时的被动语态，所以 D 选项 “will have been completed” 正确。故选 D 项。 4. By next summer, the new high - rise building ______. A. will finish B. is finished C. will have been finished D. would have been finished 【答案】C 【解析】考查将来完成时的被动语态。句意：到明年夏天，这座新的高层建筑将被建成。“the new high - rise building” 是 “finish” 这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“By next summer” 表示到将来某个时间，所以用将来完成时的被动语态，其结构为 “will have been + 过去分词”。A 选项 “will finish” 是一般将来时的主动语态；B 选项 “is finished” 是一般现在时的被动语态；D 选项 “would have been finished” 是过去将来完成时的被动语态，因此 C 选项 “will have been finished” 正确。故选 C 项。 【知识点清单四】含有情态动词的被动语态 【要点精讲】 时态 结构 例句 含情态动词 的被动语态 一般时态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词 The problem can be solved as soon as possible. 这个问题能够尽快得到解决。 完成时态：情态动词＋have been＋过去分词 The homework could have been finished last night. 作业本可以在昨晚就完成的。 【即时训练】 1. These mistakes ______ carefully. A. must correct B. are corrected C. corrects D. must be corrected 【答案】D 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：这些错误必须被仔细地纠正。“These mistakes”（这些错误）是 “correct”（纠正）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词” 。A 选项 “must correct” 是主动语态；B 选项 “are corrected” 是一般现在时的被动语态，未体现 “必须” 这一情态；C 选项 “corrects” 是一般现在时主动语态的第三人称单数形式，均不符合语境。只有 D 选项 “must be corrected” 符合含有情态动词的被动语态结构。故选 D 项。 2. The work ______ by the end of this week. A. should be finished B.should finish C. finishes D. is finished 【答案】A 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：这项工作应该在本周末前完成。“The work”（这项工作）是 “finish”（完成）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“by the end of this week”（在本周末前）表明了时间要求，此处用含有情态动词 “should” 来表达建议。含有情态动词的被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词” 。B 选项 “should finish” 是主动语态；C 选项 “finishes” 是一般现在时主动语态的第三人称单数形式；D 选项 “is finished” 是一般现在时的被动语态，未体现 “应该” 这一情态，均不符合要求。只有 A 选项 “should be finished” 符合含有情态动词的被动语态结构。故选 A 项。 3. The project ______ earlier. A. might complete B.completes C. might have been completed D. is completed 【答案】C 【解析】考查含有情态动词完成时的被动语态。句意：这个项目本可以更早完成。“The project”（这个项目）是 “complete”（完成）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。从 “earlier”（更早）可知，这里是对过去情况的一种假设推测，含有情态动词完成时的被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + have been + 过去分词” 。A 选项 “might complete” 是主动语态；B 选项 “completes” 是一般现在时主动语态的第三人称单数形式；D 选项 “is completed” 是一般现在时的被动语态，均不符合对过去情况假设推测的语境。只有 C 选项 “might have been completed” 符合含有情态动词完成时的被动语态结构。故选 C 项。 4. The lost child ______ earlier if the police had been informed in time. A. must find B. must have been found C. finds D. is found 【答案】B 【解析】考查含有情态动词完成时的被动语态。句意：如果及时通知警方，那个迷路的孩子肯定早就被找到了。“The lost child”（那个迷路的孩子）是 “find”（找到）这个动作的承受者，要用被动语态。“if the police had been informed in time”（如果及时通知警方）是虚拟语气，表明是对过去情况的一种假设，而实际情况是孩子没被更早找到，所以要用含有情态动词完成时的被动语态来表达这种推测，其结构为 “情态动词 + have been + 过去分词” 。A 选项 “must find” 是主动语态；C 选项 “finds” 是一般现在时主动语态的第三人称单数形式；D 选项 “is found” 是一般现在时的被动语态，均不符合对过去情况虚拟假设及推测的语境。只有 B 选项 “must have been found” 符合含有情态动词完成时的被动语态结构。故选 B 项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明：河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》，依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》（2020年版），省编复习指导和历年真题编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分，系统总结归纳知识点，全面梳理高考题型。本清单共三大部分：第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单，第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇和表达的语言知识清单，第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是河南省2026年对口升学一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第10个专题，内容为被动语态。 2026年河南省对口升学一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题10 被动语态（讲+练） ( 【考点解读】 近5年河南省对口升学考试真题选择题中，出现 1 道 语态 题 。 涉及 将来完成时的被动 、 一般现在时的被动、一般过去时的被动和含情态动词的被动语态 等考点。 在之前的 河南省对口升学考试真题选择题中 ， 出现 3 道 语态 题 。由此可知， 被动语态 考查频次较 低 。 ) 【知识点清单一】现在时的被动语态 【要点精讲】 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/are/is＋过去分词 This kind of car is made in that factory 这种汽车是那家工厂生产的。 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词 The music is being played in the hall at the moment. 此刻，音乐正在大厅里播放。 现在完成时 have/has been＋过去分词 The problem has been solved by the team yet. 这个问题已经被团队解决了。 【即时训练】 1. English ______ in many countries around the world. A. is spoken B. speaks C. is speaking D. spoke 2.The library ______ from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. every day. A. opening B. opens C. is open D. is opened 3.A new bridge ______ over the river these days. A. is building B. is being built C. builds D. built 4.The rooms ______ by the cleaners now. A. are cleaning B.clean C. are being cleaned D. cleaned 5.Many trees ______ in our school so far. A. have planted B. have been planted C. planted D. are planting 6.The report ______ by the students already. A. has written B. has been written C. wrote D. writing 【知识点清单二】过去时的被动语态 【要点精讲】 时态 结构 例句 一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词 His bike was stolen outside the store an hour ago. 一小时前，他的自行车在商店外面被偷了。 过去进行时 was/were being＋过去分词 The new movie was being shown on TV at this time last Sunday. 上周日这个时候，这部新电影正在电视上播出。 过去完成时 had been＋过去分词 By the time he got to the station, the train tickets had been sold out.等他到达车站时，火车票已经售罄了。 过去将来时 would/be (was、were) going to＋be＋过去分词 The teacher said the homework would be checked the next week.老师说作业下周会被批改。 【即时训练】 1. The old building ______ last year. A. is pulled down B. pulled down C.was pulled down D. pulls down 2.The letter ______ to him yesterday. A. was sent B. sent C. is sent D. sends 3.The road ______ when I passed by last week. A. was repaired B. was being repaired C. is being repaired D. is repaired 4.The clothes ______ by my mother at that time yesterday. A.are washed B. were washed C. are being washed D. were being washed 5.The work ______ before she arrived. A.had finished B. had been finished C. was finished D. finished 6.The bridge ______ by the end of last month. A.was built B. had built C. had been built D. builds 7.He said the meeting ______ the next week. A. would be held B. will be held C. is held D. holds 8.She told me that the book ______ to the library soon. A. returns B. will be returned C. is returned D.would be returned 【知识点清单三】将来时的被动语态 【要点精讲】 时态 结构 例句 一般将来时 am/are/is＋过去分词 The old bridge will be repaired next month. 这座旧桥下个月将进行修缮。 将来完成时 will/shall/be (was、were) going to＋have＋been＋过去分词 By the end of next month, all the products will have been shipped to the customers. 到下个月底，所有产品都将已运送给客户。 【即时训练】 1. The new library ______ next year. A. will be built B. builds C. is built D. would be built 2.All the waste paper ______ to be recycled tomorrow. A. collects B. will be collected C. is collected D. would be collected 3.By the end of this year, all the tasks ______. A. will complete B.would have been completed C. are completed D.will have been completed 4.By next summer, the new high - rise building ______. A. will finish B. is finished C. will have been finished D. would have been finished 【知识点清单四】含有情态动词的被动语态 【要点精讲】 时态 结构 例句 含情态动词 的被动语态 一般时态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词 The problem can be solved as soon as possible. 这个问题能够尽快得到解决。 完成时态：情态动词＋have been＋过去分词 The homework could have been finished last night. 作业本可以在昨晚就完成的。 【即时训练】 1. These mistakes ______ carefully. A. must correct B. are corrected C. corrects D. must be corrected 2.The work ______ by the end of this week. A. should be finished B.should finish C. finishes D. is finished 3.The project ______ earlier. A. might complete B.completes C. might have been completed D. is completed 4.The lost child ______ earlier if the police had been informed in time. A. must find B. must have been found C. finds D. is found 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$