小升初分类复习 情态动词讲义及练习(讲义)-2024-2025学年人教PEP版(2012)英语六年级下册
【人教PEP版英语六年级下册】
小升初分类复习——情态动词讲义及练习
一、情态动词的基本特点
Ⅰ. 必须与动词原形连用
情态动词后直接跟动词原形,不加to。
例:She can swim very well.(不能说She can to swim)
例:You must finish your homework first.
Ⅱ. 没有人称和数的变化
无论主语是第几人称,情态动词形式不变。
例:He can play football.(不能说He cans play football)
例:They should arrive on time.
Ⅲ. 疑问句和否定句不需要助动词
疑问句直接提前情态动词,否定句直接在情态动词后加not。
例:Can you help me?(不能说Do you can help me?)
例:You should not eat too much candy.
二、重点情态动词用法
Ⅰ. can / could(能力、请求、可能性)
①表示能力(can现在能力,could过去能力)
例:I can ride a bike.
例:When I was five, I could read simple books.
②表示请求(could比can更礼貌)
例:Can I borrow your pen?
例:Could you open the window, please?
③表示可能性(can表示理论可能,could表示委婉猜测)
例:It can be very cold in winter.
例:That could be Tom’s bag.
Ⅱ. must(必须、禁止、肯定推测)
①表示必须(主观要求或规则)
例:You must wear a seatbelt in the car.
例:Must I hand in the report today?
②表示禁止(must not = mustn't)
例:You must not talk during the exam.
③表示肯定推测(must be 一定是)
例:The lights are on. He must be at home.
Ⅲ. should(建议、责任、责备)
①表示建议或责任
例:You should drink more water when you’re sick.
例:We should protect the environment.
②表示责备(should not = shouldn't)
例:You shouldn’t stay up too late.
Ⅳ. may(请求许可、可能性)
①表示请求许可(比can更正式)
例:May I leave early today?
例:You may go now.
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②表示可能性(比might更肯定)
例:It may rain later.
三、易混情态动词辨析(must vs. have to / can vs. be able to)
Ⅰ. have to(必须,不得不)
①基本用法:表示客观上的“必须”(外部规则、客观要求)
例:I have to wear a uniform at school.(校规要求)
例:She has to finish her work by 5 PM.(老板要求)
②否定形式(don’t have to = 不必)
例:You don’t have to bring food. We’ll provide it.(不需要带)
③疑问形式(用助动词do/does)
例:Do I have to attend the meeting?
例:Why does he have to leave early?
④与must的区别
| must | have to |
语气 | 主观(个人决定) | 客观(外部要求) |
例句 | I must exercise.(自觉) | I have to take medicine.(医生要求) |
否定 | mustn’t(禁止) | don’t have to(不必) |
Ⅱ. be able to(能够)
①基本用法:表示能力(可替代can,但能用于更多时态)
现在:She is able to solve the problem.(= can solve)
过去:He was able to swim across the river.(= could swim)
将来:They will be able to join us tomorrow.(不能用can)
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