2025届高考英语专题高考完形填空解题技巧 讲义

2025年高考专题|高考完形填空解题技巧 完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地挖出一些空白，需要考生在重新理解短文的基础上，对每个空格的备选选项做出尽可能合理 的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案。 正是由于命题者的挖空给考生对于文意的理解和把握造成了不小的障碍，这一题型也成了众多考生决胜高考英语的“拦路虎”。很多考生在做题时也经常由于忽视或者把握不好所给文章的上下文逻辑而导致在这一题型上失分。 那么，怎样才能减少失误，提高完形填空作答的准确率呢？ 一、通览全文，抓准主旨 完形填空所选短文，无论是记叙文、说明文，还是议论文，都是一条逻辑主线贯穿全文。我们只有抓住全文的主线，才能透彻地理解文 章。考生应克服心理障碍，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注重把握文章的整体内容，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句。另外，应着重关注文章的开头以及结尾两个部分：一般情况下，完形填空的首句是不设空的，这就为大家提供了一个窥视文章全貌的“窗口”，而作者的主要观点或感悟则通常会出现在文章的结尾部分。因此，理解好开头和结尾就可以大致把握文章的主旨大意。抓住文章的主旨大意，考生围绕主旨大意去推理、判断、预测，往往能收到事半功倍的效果。 二、 研读全文、理顺逻辑、前后照应 从高考完形填空的出题特点看，每个空格所给的四个选项并不是一种单纯的词汇辨析，因为从语法的角度看每个选项都是正确的。因此是否符合语境，且能恰如其分地传达文意才是确定正确答案的唯一标准。 1.前挂后连，逻辑连贯 考生在做完形填空的过程中，切忌忽视上下文的信息提示，就题论题，断章取义；应学会边读边在大脑中储存上下文的信息。高考完形填空试题中，几乎每个空，都能找到相应的信息提示。考生也应充分利用这些提示信息，去寻找与这些提示相关或者匹配的选项，这些选项很大可能就是正确选项。 【考例】 My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our memories are funny,especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42.______ along Chalk Creek. I was 43.______ that our 15-monthold boy would fall into the creek（小溪）. I tied a rope around his waist to keep him ten minutes. He was 44.______, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45.______ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46.______——he didn' t end up in the creek. 42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled 43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid 45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for 46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed 解析：其中42题的正确作答，需要考生“前挂”，因为该题的解题线索并不在本段，而是在文章的首段，尤其是其中的had wonderful camping experiences.43题和44题则需要“后连”：43题，根据该空后的our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek, 并结合接下来作者给她15个月大的儿子绑绳子的情节可知，这里是说作者“担心”她15个月大的孩子掉进小溪，所以43题选D;44题，根据本空后的his crying let the whole campground know it可推知，作者所绑的绳子应该是令她的儿子感到很不舒服，所以他才会嚎啕大哭，故44题选C. 而45和46两题，则需要考生双管齐下，“前后勾连”：对于45题，考生需要将上一句中所述的作者的孩子因为被绑绳子而大哭的情节与该空后的I just kept a close eye on him结合起来，才能理解此处是说，作者不再绑着儿子，而是密切关注着他，故此题应选B；对于46题，只有能够正确判断出代词It的指代对象是上一句中的I just kept a close eye on him,并结合破折号后的he didn' t end up in the creek, 方可正确作答。 Tip：做完形关键是要“瞻前顾后”，根据上下文语境所提供的信息来确定最佳选项，万万不可抛开上下文，信马由缰，“一意孤行”。2.注意英汉两种语言的差异，不能简单互译 出题者深知学生在英语学习过程中的弱点，往往会从母语的角度设置干扰项来增加试题的难度。这就要求考生在平常的学习中注重积累，着力培养自己的英语语感；在作答完形试题时则应立足文章，从作者的角度去理解文意，尽量避免母语对于英语理解的负面影响。 【考例】 My husband stopped fishing to start the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51._____We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. 51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal 解析：A.对于51题，考生根据下一句中的with a dead motor是不难理解该空所在句是说发动机没有反应的。考生很容易将之直接翻译为no answer, 从而导致误选B项。但no answer一般是用于打电话的场景中，表示“无应答；没人接听”。而仔细分析语境可知，这里是说，在一次尝试未果后，作者的丈夫又试了下，但很不走运，他还是没能启动发动机，因此这里用no luck 更符合文意。 3.深度挖掘，表里如一 高考完形填空大多为叙事性短文，内容贴近生活，易于理解，所以很容易给考生造成一种错觉，产生“轻敌”心理。有的同学做完一篇完形填空以后，自我感觉不错，但准确率不高，原因是这些同学仅仅理解了文章的表层含义，而忽略了其深层含义。事实上，高考完形填空文章大都包含一定的哲理、寓意，具备深层探询的可能性。这就要求考生不仅要明确文章的表层意义，还要挖掘出文章的深层含义，做到“表里”一致。 【考例】 Our roles in the factory were simple:Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing（糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.Remove bunny from the belt. This was harder than it sounds. Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I' d expected. Dad 53.______. The son of a grocer, he' d spent the summers of his childhood 54 .______food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 55.______ the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me. 53. A. cried B. smiled C. hesitated D. refused 54. A. tasting B. finding C. sharing D. delivering 55. A. withdraw B. donate C. receive D. appreciate 解析：通读倒数第二段可知，在该段中作者介绍了在烘焙工厂的日常工作，并谈论了第一天工作下来的感受。但是考生应该透过所描述的工作的细节的表层，看到该段内容实际上是逻辑清楚，层层递进的：最初以为在工厂工作很简单→真正进入工厂工作→体会到工作的强度和压力，如此一来下一段中通过作者父亲之口给出这份工作对于作者的意义也就显得顺理成章，水到渠成。 同样地，考生看到最后一段中The son of a grocer, he' d spent the summers of his childhood 54 food in Bernardsville, New Jersey这句话，也应该意识到作者之所以给出这句话，并不是简单地对作者父亲的信息加以补充，而是为最后一句真正给出文章的主旨作铺垫。同时，53题和55题的作答也都是以这句话为基础的：53题，正因为作者的父亲儿时也曾经在暑期打工，他对这种工作深有体会，所以当作者谈论第一天工作的感受时，父亲最自然也最符合逻辑的反应应该就是“微笑”了。而55题，正因为父亲也做过暑期工，所以他在此处指出的这份工作的意义（让作者懂得要珍惜挣到的每一分钱并尊重从事劳动的人）也就其来有自，真实可信。 Tip：我们在做完形填空时，在涉及对于人物具体行为的判断时，应该循着故事发生的逻辑和脉络，深入分析人物的性格和情感，全方位、多角度地去考虑，这样就不会轻率选择，导致失 误。 三、 全面验证，理清逻辑 通常来说，高考完形填空会有一到两题有一定难度，其解题线索不在设空处所在段落，而是需要通读全文之后方可得出答案，也就是所谓“语篇层次”的题目。对于这种题目，要求考生在初步作答之后，复读全文，验证答案是否符合语境。此外，还应关注上下文的逻辑关系是否理顺，前后所给的信息是否存在矛盾抵触，现有答案是否在逻辑以及语义上都能说得通，如果做到这样“丝丝相扣”，这篇完形就基本大功告成了。 【小试牛刀】备战2025高考英语完形填空 During my first improv（即兴表演）class,I learned a core concept of improv:"yes, and." It means that, as improvisers, we accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that zebras are librarians,for example, then zebras are librarians. We do not __21__ the logic. we say"yes" and continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong. To do this __22__ , our teacher warned us that we' d have to avoid second-guessing ourselves.Sometimes scenes go in unexpected directions. The best improv __23__ when performers stay open to different possibilities and say whatever pops into their minds. I got a taste of how __24__ that is when acting out my first scene. My classmate turned to me and said, "Mom is going to be so mad." Mad about what? My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down. We broke the car? No, that's too easy. We failed a test? No, you don't want your classmates thinking you' re stupid on the first day. I finally __25__ an answer:"Yes, we' re going to be late for dinner." The scene proceeded from there, and we eventually finished as two sisters who lost their way on a hiking trip. The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable thinking on my feet. I never __26__ my inner critic entirely, but over time, I didn't police my words with quite so much vigor. I also became better at __27__ , relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. The training came in handy 6 months ago, when I was giving a seminar（研讨课）about my science.An audience member surprised me with a question that didn' t 28 the information I' d presented.Instead of getting annoyed,I__29__ the"yes, and" approach——accepting the question at face value and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. The benefits of improve go beyond __30__ . Early on in graduation school,I would get stuck when I got unexpected data in my experiments; my inner critic would assume I had made a mistake. But now, after accepting the"yes, and" concept,I no longer go into an experiment thinking that I already__31__ the story my data are going to tell. Last year,I used that approach after encountering confusing data. Instead of getting __32__ ,I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell. If I hadn't stayed open to the possibility that the results were __33__ ,I would have missed out on the most exciting finding of my PhD. so far. All scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say zebras are librarians, then it's worth investigating whether zebras are,__34__ , librarians. Our job as scientists isn't to get data that__35__a pre-understood story. Our job is to say"yes, and". 21. A. provide B. follow C. question D. ignore 22. A. effectively B. permanently C. instinctively D. occasionally 23. A. shrinks B. happens C. helps D. leaps 24. A. important B. difficult C. powerless D. sufficient 25. A. thought over B. waited for C. gave up D. landed on 26. A. silenced B. heard C. respected D. trained 27. A. reading B. speaking C. listening D. writing 28. A. go on with B. stay away from C. grow out of D. add up to 29. A. doubted B. implemented C. presented D. discussed 30. A. communication B. understanding C. restriction D. statement 31. A. tell B. know C. adapt D. love 32. A. distracted B. surprised C. accustomed D. discouraged 33. A. useless B. wrong C. due D. real 34. A. in fact B. for example C. in a word D. that is to say 35. A. distinguish B. provide C. support D. construct 参考答案 21. C22. A23. B24. B25. D26. A27. C28. C29. B30. A31. B32. D33. D34. A35. C 【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者使用了在即兴表演课上学到的“yes,and”的方式来处理问题的故事。 21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不质疑这种逻辑。A. provide提供; B. follow追随; C. question质疑; D. ignore忽略。 根据下文“we say”yes” and continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.”可知，我们不质疑这种逻辑，我们说是的，继续这种场景，似乎没有什么错误。故选C项。 22.考查副词词义辨析。句意：为了有效地做到这一点，我们的老师警告我们，我们必须避免事后批评自己。A. effectively有效地; B. permanently永久地; C. instinctively本能地; D. occasionally偶尔.根据后文“our teacher warned us that we' d have to avoid second-guessing ourselves.”可知，老师警告我们不要批评自己是为了更有效的进行即兴表演。故选A项。 23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当表演者对不同的可能性持开放态度，说出他们心中想说的任何话时，就会产生最好的即兴表演。A. shrinks收缩; B. happens发生; C. helps帮助; D. leaps跳跃.根据后文“when performers stay open to different possibilities and say whatever pops into their minds”可知，表演者持开放式想法时，会发生最好的即兴表演。故选B项。 24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我表演第一个场景时，我体会到了那是多么的困难。A. important重要的; B. difficult困难的; C. powerless无能的; D. sufficient充足的。根据后文“My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down.（我的头脑产生了一些想法，我内心的批评者把它们都击落了。）”可知，即兴表演不简单。故选B项。 25. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我最终得到了一个答复。A. thought over仔细思考; B. waited for等待; C. gave up放弃; D. landed on安全摆脱困境。根据前文“My mind spun out ideas, and my inner critic shot them all down.（我的头脑产生了一些想法，我内心的批评者把它们都击落了。）”和冒号后的回答“Yes, we' re going to be late for dinner.”可知，作者最终脱离困境，找到了一个答复。故选D项。 26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有完全压制住内心的批评，但随着时间的推移，我不再需要如此多精力来控制自己的言论。A. silenced使安静；压制; B. heard听到; C. respected尊敬；D. trained训练。根据后文“but over time,I didn' t police my words with quite so much vigor.”可知，我从来没有压制住过自己内心的批评。故选A项。 27.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也变得更善于倾听，与我的谈话伙伴建立联系，并在那时清晰地沟通。A. reading读; B. speaking说; C. listening听; D. writing写。 根据后文“relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.”可知，我擅长倾听。故选C项。 28.考查短语辨析。句意：一位听众提出了一个令我惊讶的问题，这个问题并非源于我所介绍的信息。A. go on with继续做; B. stay away from远离; C. grow out of产生自; D. add up to总计。 根据前文“An audience member surprised me with a question”以及后文“Instead of getting annoyed”可推知，这个问题在我意料之外，不是源于我所展示的内容。故选C项。 29.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有生气，而是采用了“yes,and”的方法————从表面上接受问题，让我的大脑专注于为什么要问这个问题。A. doubted怀疑; B. implemented实施；执行; C. presented展示; D. discussed讨论。 根据后文“the ' yes, and' approach——accepting the question at face value and letting my mind focus on why it was asked”可知，作者实施了即兴表演的方法来解决问题。故选B 30.考查名词词义辨析。句意：即兴演出的好处不仅仅是沟通。A.communication交流； B. understanding理解; C. restriction限制; D. statement声明。 根据下文“But now, after accepting the”yes, and” concept,I no longer go into an experiment thinking that I already 11 the story my data are going to tell.”可知，作者把即兴表演的核心理念应用到了实验中，可见即兴演出不单单是用于“沟通”。故选A项。 31.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是现在，在接受了“yes,and”的概念之后，我不再认为我已经知道我的数据将要讲述的故事了。A. tell讲述; B. know知道; C. adapt适应; D. love喜欢。根据上文” Early on in graduation school, I would get stuck when I got unexpected data in my experiments; my inner critic would assume I had made a mistake.”可知，在接受“yes, and”这种观念后，我不再纠结数据告诉我的信息。故选B项。 32.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我没有灰心，而是不断探索数据，最终发现了一种新型的细胞。A. distracted分心; B. surprised惊讶; C. accustomed适应; D. discouraged灰心。 根据后文“I kept exploring the data and ended up identifying a new type of cell”可知，作者没有“灰心”，才有了新发现。故选D项。 33.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我没有对结果是真实的可能性持开放态度，我就会错过我博士项目上迄今为止上最激动人心的发现。A. useless无用的;B. wrong错误的;C. due预期的； D. real真的。 根据前文“we say"yes"and continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong."和“The best improv happens when performers stay open to different possibilities and say whatever pops into their minds.”以及“Last year, I used that approach after encountering confusing data.”可知，作者把即兴表演的核心用于博士研究项目中，他不质疑结果的真实性，而是深入地去研究才有了最激动人心的发现。故选D项。 34.考查短语辨析。句意：如果数据表明斑马是图书管理员，那么就值得研究斑马事实上是否是图书管理员。A. in fact事实上; B. for example例如; C. in a word总之; D. that is to say也就是说.根据后文“Our job is to say 'yes, and''”可知，如果数据表明斑马是图书管理员，我们就得研究事实上是不是图书管理员。故选A项。 35.考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为科学家，我们的工作不是获取支持预先理解的数据。A. distinguish区分; B. provide提供; C. support支持; D. construct建设。 根据后文“Our job is to say'' yes, and''”可知，科学家的工作不是得到支持预先理解的数据，而是要找研究数据。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$