知识清单04 教材知识梳理（宾语从句）-2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（冀教版）

宾语从句 在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫宾语从句。 引导词 that 　如果宾语从句是陈述句,常用that引导,that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.  收音机说明天要下雨。 if, whether 　如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转化而来,用if或whether引导,在句中意为“是否” I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 who, whose, which, when, where, why, how, what等 　如果宾语从句由特殊疑问句转化而来,应用连接代词或连接副词引导 Could you tell me what he said to you?  你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗? 下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether: 1.表示“是否”,尤其是直接与or not 连用时,常用whether。 I don’t know whether or not he has come back. 我不知道他是否已经回来了。 2.在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。 This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这要看我们是否有决心去做。 3.和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。 He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下来。 4.在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。 We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。 语序 无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,引导词后面都要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+其他”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+其他”。 The teacher asked me why I was late this morning. 老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。 I don’t know who is the richest of them. (who在宾语从句中作主语) 我不知道他们中谁最富有。 时态 宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况: 1.主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。 Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday? 你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗? 2.主句是一般过去时,宾语从句也应用过去的某种时态。 The teacher wanted to know if her students had finished their homework. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。 3.当宾语从句表述的是客观真理、客观事实或自然现象时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。 She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。 I didn’t know you like classical music. 我不知道你喜欢古典音乐。 否定前移 在含有think(认为), believe(相信), suppose(设想), expect(期待)等动词的宾语从句中,若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主句的谓语动词think, believe, suppose, expect等变为否定形式。 I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对。 注意 如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在宾语补足语之后。 I thought it strange that she didn’t come. 我认为她没来很奇怪。 宾语从句的简化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。 I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.我不知道要说什么。 基础训练 1．I don’t know ______ I can catch the bus or not. A．when B．that C．whether 2．Last night my mother said ________ she would take me to the history museum. I was excited to know the good news. A．whether B．when C．that D．where 3．—What do you know about Mr. Brown? —I know ________ he comes from America. A．if B．that C．where 4．—I just received a WeChat message—ttyl! Do you know ________? —It stands for “talk to you later”. A．what it means B．how should I reply to it C．why people like using words like this D．when does she want to talk 5．—Could you tell me ________ with your bike? —It’s broken down. A．what’s the matter B．what the matter is C．what’s the wrong D．what the wrong is 6．—Sally, I want to know _________. —My teachers. It’s impossible for me to get such great success without their help. A．why do you work so hard B．what did you improve in your schoolwork C．who you want to thank most D．how you make such great progress 7．—I don’t know ________ she is. —You can go to find out ________. A．whom; about person B．who; in person C．what; for person D．how; on person 8．—________ of the two skirts are very nice. I can’t decide ________ to choose. — Why not ask your mum for help? A．All; what B．Both; which one C．Both; what D．All; which one 9．—Could you tell me _________? —Go along the road. Take the fourth turning on the left. A．how could I get to the library B．which is the way to the library C．How long it takes to get to the library D．how many books I can borrow in the library 10．—I wonder _______. I am really worried about them. — They made it this morning. A．when did they reach the top of the mountain B．when they reached the top of the mountain C．how did they work out this problem D．how they worked out this problem 11．—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? I forgot about it. —Only five minutes’ ride. Take your time. A．how far the museum is from here B．how soon I can get to the museum C．how long it takes to walk to school 12．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —Well, you may take Bus No. 27. A．when can I get to Beijing Zoo? B．when I can get to Beijing Zoo? C．how can I get to Beijing Zoo? D．how I can get to Beijing Zoo? 13．—Do you know when he ________ home? —Sorry, I don’t know. If he ________ home, I’ll call you at once. A．will come; arrives B．will come; will arrive C．comes; will arrive 14．I want to know when Jane ________ back. When she ________ back, I will visit her. A．will come; will come B．will come; comes C．come; will come D．comes; comes 15．—What did our Chinese teacher say? —She asked us ________. A．whether will we go to the zoo B．whether we will go to the zoo C．whether did we want to go to the zoo D．whether we wanted to go to the zoo 16．We all thought ________ necessary for you to spend as much time as you can ________ English. A．that; improving B．it is; to improve C．it; improve D．it was; improving 17．I don’t ________ the answer is right. Mine is right. A．know B．think C．find D．count 18．I ________ think there ________ more pollution. A．/; won’t be B．don’t; will be C．/; won’t have D．don’t; have 19．I ________ Li Ping ________ this evening. A．think, isn’t coming B．think, is come C．don’t think, comes D．don’t think, is coming 20．—Tom, could you tell me ________? —Try Music World in Fifth Street. A．why to buy a CD B．where to get a CD C．how to choose a CD D．when to record a CD 21．—I don’t know ________. —No later than this afternoon. A．what to read during the holiday B．who to ask for help with writing C．how to use the computer to draw D．when to hand in my homework 22．How should you add the correct punctuation marks to the following sentence? A．Simon said “If it snows we'll make a snowman.” B．Simon said “if it snows, we'll make a snowman.” C．Simon said, if it snows, we'll make a snowman. D．Simon said, “If it snows, we'll make a snowman.” 23．My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.” My brother said watching TV . A．he was; now B．I was; then C．I am; that day D．he was; then 24． -- Do you know ________ the new computer yesterday?                -- Sorry, I have no idea. A．how much did she pay for B．how much will she pay for C．how much she paid for D．how much she will pay for 25．He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty. A．said his mother that the boy was B．said to his mother that the boy is C．told his mother that the boy was D．spoke to his mother that the boy was 26．He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked________. A．how am I getting along B．how are you getting along C．how I was getting along D．how was I getting along 试卷第1页，共3页 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 宾语从句 在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子叫宾语从句。 引导词 that 　如果宾语从句是陈述句,常用that引导,that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.  收音机说明天要下雨。 if, whether 　如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转化而来,用if或whether引导,在句中意为“是否” I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 who, whose, which, when, where, why, how, what等 　如果宾语从句由特殊疑问句转化而来,应用连接代词或连接副词引导 Could you tell me what he said to you?  你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗? 下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether: 1.表示“是否”,尤其是直接与or not 连用时,常用whether。 I don’t know whether or not he has come back. 我不知道他是否已经回来了。 2.在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。 This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这要看我们是否有决心去做。 3.和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。 He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下来。 4.在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。 We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。 语序 无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,引导词后面都要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+其他”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+其他”。 The teacher asked me why I was late this morning. 老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。 I don’t know who is the richest of them. (who在宾语从句中作主语) 我不知道他们中谁最富有。 时态 宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况: 1.主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。 Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday? 你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗? 2.主句是一般过去时,宾语从句也应用过去的某种时态。 The teacher wanted to know if her students had finished their homework. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。 3.当宾语从句表述的是客观真理、客观事实或自然现象时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。 She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。 I didn’t know you like classical music. 我不知道你喜欢古典音乐。 否定前移 在含有think(认为), believe(相信), suppose(设想), expect(期待)等动词的宾语从句中,若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主句的谓语动词think, believe, suppose, expect等变为否定形式。 I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对。 注意 如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在宾语补足语之后。 I thought it strange that she didn’t come. 我认为她没来很奇怪。 宾语从句的简化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。 I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.我不知道要说什么。 基础训练 1．I don’t know ______ I can catch the bus or not. A．when B．that C．whether 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我不知道我是否能赶上公交车。 考查宾语从句连接词。when什么时候，在宾语从句中作时间状语；that引导宾语从句时无实际意义，只起连接作用；whether是否，常与or not搭配使用，引导宾语从句。根据“or not”可知，此处表示“是否”，应用whether引导宾语从句，故选C。 2．Last night my mother said ________ she would take me to the history museum. I was excited to know the good news. A．whether B．when C．that D．where 【答案】C 【解析】句意：昨晚我妈妈说她会带我去历史博物馆。得知这个好消息我很兴奋。   考查连词辨析。whether是否；when当……时；that无实义（引导宾语从句）；where在哪里。根据句意，此处需要引导宾语从句的连接词，且从句内容完整不需补充含义。故选C。 3．—What do you know about Mr. Brown? —I know ________ he comes from America. A．if B．that C．where 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——关于布朗先生，你知道些什么呢？——我知道他来自美国。 考查宾语从句的连词。if是否；that没有意思，在从句中不充当成分；where哪里，在从句中作地点状语。此处know后面是一个完整的句子，是陈述事实，所以用that。故选B。 4．—I just received a WeChat message—ttyl! Do you know ________? —It stands for “talk to you later”. A．what it means B．how should I reply to it C．why people like using words like this D．when does she want to talk 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——我刚收到一条微信为ttyl的短信！你知道这是什么意思吗？——它的意思是“以后再聊”。 考查宾语从句。what it means它是什么意思；how should I reply to it我该怎么回答呢；why people like using words like this为什么人们喜欢用这样的词；when does she want to talk她什么时候想说话。根据“It stands for ‘talk to you later’.”可知，设空处是问这是什么意思。故选A。 5．—Could you tell me ________ with your bike? —It’s broken down. A．what’s the matter B．what the matter is C．what’s the wrong D．what the wrong is 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我你的自行车怎么了吗？—— 它坏了。 考查宾语从句的语序和固定表达。what’s the wrong/what the wrong is此表达错误。宾语从句需用陈述语序，what’s the matter意为“怎么了”，本身已是陈述语序（主语+谓语），可直接作从句，无需调整。故选A。 6．—Sally, I want to know _________. —My teachers. It’s impossible for me to get such great success without their help. A．why do you work so hard B．what did you improve in your schoolwork C．who you want to thank most D．how you make such great progress 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——萨莉，我想知道你最想感谢谁。——我的老师们。没有他们的帮助，我不可能取得如此大的成功。 考查宾语从句。根据回答“My teachers.”可知，问句是对人的询问，用who引导的宾语从句。故选C。 7．—I don’t know ________ she is. —You can go to find out ________. A．whom; about person B．who; in person C．what; for person D．how; on person 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我不知道她是谁。——你可以亲自去查找。 考查宾语从句引导词和固定搭配。“...she is她是谁”，需要主格来作主语应用“who”，而不是 “whom”；第二个空考查固定短语，“in person 亲自”，故选B。 8．—________ of the two skirts are very nice. I can’t decide ________ to choose. — Why not ask your mum for help? A．All; what B．Both; which one C．Both; what D．All; which one 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这两件裙子都很好看。我决定不了选择哪一件。——为什么不向你妈妈求助呢？ 考查不定代词和宾语从句的引导词。all指三者或三者以上都；both指两者都；what什么，不能用于宾语从句中表示选择；which one哪一个，可以用于宾语从句中表示选择。根据“the two skirts”可知，此处是指两者都，应用both，排除A和D选项；第二空，根据“I can’t decide...to choose”可知，此处是指不能决定选择哪一件，所以应该用which one引导宾语从句，排除C选项。故选B。 9．—Could you tell me _________? —Go along the road. Take the fourth turning on the left. A．how could I get to the library B．which is the way to the library C．How long it takes to get to the library D．how many books I can borrow in the library 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我去图书馆的路吗？——沿着路走。在第四个路口向左拐。 考查宾语从句。根据“Go along the road. Take the fourth turning on the left.”可知，在问路怎么走，排除CD；根据“Can you tell me…”可知，原句是宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，排除A。故选B。 10．—I wonder _______. I am really worried about them. — They made it this morning. A．when did they reach the top of the mountain B．when they reached the top of the mountain C．how did they work out this problem D．how they worked out this problem 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——我想知道他们什么时候到达山顶的。我真的很担心他们。——他们今天早上到达的。 考查宾语从句。when did they reach the top of the moutain他们什么时候到达山顶的； when they reached the top of the mountain他们什么时候到达山顶的；how did they work out this problem他们如何解解决这个问题；how they worked out this problem他们如何解解决这个问题。宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除A、C选项；根据答句“They made it this morning”可知，询问的是“他们什么时候到达山顶的”，用when引导宾语从句，且时态为一般过去时。故选B。 11．—Excuse me, could you please tell me ________? I forgot about it. —Only five minutes’ ride. Take your time. A．how far the museum is from here B．how soon I can get to the museum C．how long it takes to walk to school 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——打扰一下，请问你能告诉我博物馆离这里有多远吗？我忘了。——骑车只要五分钟。不用着急。 考查宾语从句。how far the museum is from here博物馆离这儿有多远；how soon I can get to the museum我多久以后能到博物馆；how long it takes to walk to school步行去学校需要多长时间。根据“Only five minutes’ ride”可知，这里是对距离进行提问，应用how far。故选A。 12．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —Well, you may take Bus No. 27. A．when can I get to Beijing Zoo? B．when I can get to Beijing Zoo? C．how can I get to Beijing Zoo? D．how I can get to Beijing Zoo? 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去北京动物园吗？——嗯，你可以乘坐27路公交车。 考查宾语从句。when can I get to Beijing Zoo我什么时候可以去北京动物园，疑问语序；when I can get to Beijing Zoo我什么时候可以去北京动物园，陈述语序；how can I get to Beijing Zoo我怎么去北京动物园，疑问语序； how I can get to Beijing Zoo我怎么去北京动物园，陈述语序。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，且根据答句“you may take Bus No. 27.”可知，询问的是如何去某地，应用how引导宾语从句。故选D。 13．—Do you know when he ________ home? —Sorry, I don’t know. If he ________ home, I’ll call you at once. A．will come; arrives B．will come; will arrive C．comes; will arrive 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——你知道他什么时候到家吗？——抱歉，我不知道。如果他回来，我立刻给你打电话。 考查动词的时态。问句是宾语从句，主句是一般现在时，从句表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时，因此第一空应用“will come”；答句“If he…”是“If”引导的条件状语从句，时态应用“主将从现”，从句应用一般现在时，因此第二空应用“arrives”。故选A。 14．I want to know when Jane ________ back. When she ________ back, I will visit her. A．will come; will come B．will come; comes C．come; will come D．comes; comes 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我想知道简什么时候回来。当她回来时，我会去看她。 考查动词的时态。第一句中，when引导的宾语从句表示将来的动作，用will come。第二句中，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。故选B。 15．—What did our Chinese teacher say? —She asked us ________. A．whether will we go to the zoo B．whether we will go to the zoo C．whether did we want to go to the zoo D．whether we wanted to go to the zoo 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我们语文老师说什么了？——她问我们是否想去动物园。 考查宾语从句。根据“She asked us”可知，这里是宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除A、C；再根据“asked”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态，故选D。 16．We all thought ________ necessary for you to spend as much time as you can ________ English. A．that; improving B．it is; to improve C．it; improve D．it was; improving 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们都认为对你来说尽可能多地花时间提高英语水平是有必要的。 考查it句型和现在分词作宾补。think+it+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.是固定结构，表示“认为做某事对于某人来说是……的”，其中it是形式宾语 ，这里描述过去大家的想法，也可用宾语从句，用it was，由此可排除A和C选项；spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth.是固定结构，表示“花费时间/金钱做某事”，故选D。 17．I don’t ________ the answer is right. Mine is right. A．know B．think C．find D．count 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我认为答案不对。我的是对的。 考查动词词义辨析。know知道。think认为；find发现；count计数。根据“Mine is right.”可知，此处为否定转移， 常用在“I think/believe”句型中。故选B。 18．I ________ think there ________ more pollution. A．/; won’t be B．don’t; will be C．/; won’t have D．don’t; have 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我认为不会有更多的污染。 考查宾语从句否定转移和there be句型的一般将来时。分析句子结构可知，此句为含宾语从句的复合句；主句是I think，从句表示否定时，否定要转移到主句上，所以第一空应用don’t；there be句型的将来时为there will be或there is going to be，所以第二空应用will be。故选B。 19．I ________ Li Ping ________ this evening. A．think, isn’t coming B．think, is come C．don’t think, comes D．don’t think, is coming 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我想李平今晚不会来了。 考查否定前移和时态。主句主语是I，谓语动词是think，此处需要否定前移，排除A和B；根据“this evening”可知，时态是一般将来时，此处用现在进行时表将来。故选D。 20．—Tom, could you tell me ________? —Try Music World in Fifth Street. A．why to buy a CD B．where to get a CD C．how to choose a CD D．when to record a CD 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——Tom，你能告诉我哪里可以买到光盘吗？——去第五街的音乐世界试试看。 考查疑问词+动词不定式。why to buy a CD为什么要买光盘；where to get a CD在哪里可以买到光盘；how to choose a CD如何选择一个光盘；when to record a CD什么时候记录一个光盘。根据“Try Music World in Fifth Street.”可知，回答的是一个地点，因此提问位置应用where来提问。故选B。 21．—I don’t know ________. —No later than this afternoon. A．what to read during the holiday B．who to ask for help with writing C．how to use the computer to draw D．when to hand in my homework 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我不知道何时上交我的作业？——不迟于今天下午。 考查宾语从句。what to read during the holiday假期间读什么；who to ask for help with writing在写作方面向谁寻求帮助；how to use the computer to draw如何使用电脑画画；when to hand in my homework什么时候交给我的作业。根据答句“No later than this afternoon.”可知，空处是询问上交作业的时间。故选D。 22．How should you add the correct punctuation marks to the following sentence? A．Simon said “If it snows we'll make a snowman.” B．Simon said “if it snows, we'll make a snowman.” C．Simon said, if it snows, we'll make a snowman. D．Simon said, “If it snows, we'll make a snowman.” 【答案】D 【解析】题干“你应该如何在下面的句子中加上正确的标点符号？” 这里是Simon说，应该加逗号，排除AB；直接引述Simon的话，要加引号。排除C。根据题意，选项D符合题意。Simon said, “If it snows, we'll make a snowman.”意思是“Simon说：“如果下雪，我们就堆雪人。””根据题意，故选D。 23．My brother said, “I’m watching TV now.” My brother said watching TV . A．he was; now B．I was; then C．I am; that day D．he was; then 【答案】D 【解析】主句为过去时，从句也要用过去时，人称应该改为第三人称he，时间现在应该改为在那时then，故本题选D。 24． -- Do you know ________ the new computer yesterday?                -- Sorry, I have no idea. A．how much did she pay for B．how much will she pay for C．how much she paid for D．how much she will pay for 【答案】C 【解析】考查间接引语。根据yesterday可知用一般过去时，故排除B和D。特殊疑问句作宾语，语序要发生改变，故选C。 25．He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He ________ very naughty. A．said his mother that the boy was B．said to his mother that the boy is C．told his mother that the boy was D．spoke to his mother that the boy was 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他说：“妈妈，这个男孩很顽皮。”→他告诉他妈妈那个男孩很顽皮。 考查直接引语和间接引语的转换。此处可改为“他告诉他妈妈那个男孩很顽皮”，可用tell sb.，排除ABD。故选C。 26．He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked________. A．how am I getting along B．how are you getting along C．how I was getting along D．how was I getting along 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他问：“你过得怎么样？” 考查直接引语和间接引语的转换。原句从句为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语后，从句应为陈述句语序，疑问词不变；原句从句主语为第二人称，变为间接引语后，从句主语应变为第一人称；原句主句为一般过去时态，从句为现在进行时态，变为间接引语后，主句仍为一般过去时，从句变为过去进行时，故选C。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$