知识清单06 教材知识梳理（被动语态）-2024-2025学年八年级英语下学期期末考点大串讲（冀教版）

被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句,谓语动词为被动语态的句子叫被动句。同一件事情往往可以通过主动句或被动句来表达,侧重点虽有所不同,但意思基本相同。一般说来,主动语态侧重于行为者,被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。 被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本结构是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例): 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done 一般过去时 did was/were+done 一般将来时 will/shall+do或be(am/is/are) going to+do will/shall be+done或be(am/is/are) going to be+done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been+done　 含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done　 注意 (1)主动语态变被动语态的方法 (2)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。 My father bought me a computer. →A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一台电脑。 拓展 间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring, give, send, show, pass, take, lend, post, teach, write, throw, hand等。间接宾语前带for的动词有:buy, cook, find, set, make, save等。 (3)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. →The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。 被动语态的用法 1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。 3.动作的发出者是某个事物。 Many houses were washed away in the flood. 在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。 4.固定句型中常用的被动语态。 如:It’s said that…(据说……), It’s reported that…(据报道……), It’s well-known that…(众所周知……)等。 主动语态表被动意义 1.look, smell, feel, taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。 The cloth feels soft.这布摸起来很软。 The cake tastes delicious. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。 2.need/require/want+doing sth. 意为“……需要……”,表被动意义,相当于need/require/want+to be done。 The door needs repairing. =The door needs to be repaired. 这门需要修理。 3.某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。 These books sell well. 这些书卖得很好。 The shop opens every day. 这家店每天都营业。 4.不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等。 A traffic accident happened last night. 昨晚发生了一起交通事故。 If you work hard, your dream will come true. 如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。 基础训练 1．Cookies of this kind _______ in that shop over there. They _______ well. A．are sold; are sold B．sell; are sold C．are sold; sell D．sell; sell 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这种饼干在那边的那家商店被出售。它们卖的很好。 考查被动语态。sell与主语“Cookies of this kind ”是被动关系，因此第一空用被动语态,根据语境用一般现在时的被动语态:be(am/is/are)+过去分词 , cookies为复数，be动词用are，sell的过去分词为sold；sell well“畅销”，第二空用其主动语态。故选C。 2．This novel ________ into a film soon after it was published. A．will be made B．is made C．has made D．was made 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这部小说在出版后不久就被改编成了电影。    考查动词时态和语态。will be made一般将来时被动语态；is made一般现在时被动语态；has made现在完成时主动语态；was made一般过去时被动语态。根据题干中“soon after it was published”可知，需用一般过去时被动语态表示“被改编”。故选D。 3．The 2026 Winter Olympics _______ in Italy. A．hold B．are holding C．will hold D．will be held 【答案】D 【解析】句意：2026年冬奥会将在意大利举行。 考查时态。根据“The 2026”可知需用一般将来时，而主语“Winter Olympics”与“举办”存在被动关系，需用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be+动词过去分词形式。故选D。 4．There will be fewer workers in factories because most work _______ by robots. A．is done B．was done C．will be done D．will do 【答案】C 【解析】句意：工厂里的工人将会减少，因为大部分工作将由机器人完成。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“There will be fewer workers in factories”可知，句子描述的是将来的情况，且“work”与“do”之间是被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态（will be done）。故选C。 5．—More and more subway stations are ________ in Shenzhen these days. —Good! There will ________ fewer traffic jams in the future. A．building; be B．being built; have C．built; have D．being built; be 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——这些天深圳正在修建越来越多的地铁站。——很好！将来交通堵塞会少一些。 考查被动语态和there be句型。根据“There will...”和选项可知，第二空所在句是there be句型，不能和have连用，排除选项B和C；主语“subway stations”和谓语动词build是被动关系，应用被动语态，be being done是现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 6．—Peter got seriously ________ in the car accident last week. —Yes, he did. And he is ________ in the hospital now. A．hurt; being taken good care B．was hurt; being taken good care of C．hurt; being taken good care of D．was hurt; being taken good care 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——彼得在上周的车祸中受了重伤。——是的。他现在在医院得到了很好的照顾。 考查词义辨析以及被动语态。get hurt“受伤”，固定用法，排除B；根据“now”可知此处用现在进行时，主语he和谓语take good care of之间是被动关系，故用现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are being taken good care of。故选C。 7．—Peter got seriously ________ in the car accident last week. —Yes, he did. And he is ________ in the hospital now. A．was hurt; taken good care B．was hurt; taken good care of C．hurt; being taken good care of D．hurt; taken good care 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——彼得在上周的车祸中受了重伤。——是的，他确实是。他现在正在医院接受治疗。 考查词义辨析以及现在进行时的被动语态。get hurt“受伤”，固定搭配。根据“now”可知，第二句应用现在进行时结构，且主语he与动词take good care of之间是被动关系，故第二空用现在进行时的被动语态结构，故选C。 8．In the past few years, lots of buildings ________ in this city. A．have built B．are building C．have been built D．will build 【答案】C 【解析】句意：过去几年里，这座城市建了许多楼房。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“In the past few years”可知，动作发生在过去并持续到现在，用现在完成时，且“buildings”与“build”之间是被动关系，需用“have been built”表示“已被建造”。故选C。 9．The factory has ________ since last October. A．opened B．been closed C．been opened D．closed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这家工厂自去年十月以来一直关闭。 考查现在完成时和被动语态的用法。opened打开；been closed关闭的；been opened被打开；closed关闭。句子中的“since last October”表示从过去某个时间点持续到现在，因此需要使用现在完成时。同时，工厂是被关闭的，所以需要使用被动语态。故选B。 10．Thanks to the effort of lots of people, more and more national treasures ________ back to China since 2019. A．were brought B．brought C．have been brought D．have brought 【答案】C 【解析】句意：多亏许多人的努力，自2019年以来，越来越多的国宝被带回中国。 考查时态和被动语态。句中的时间状语“since 2019”，表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的动作或状态，因此需要使用现在完成时。主语“national treasures”是动作的承受者，因此要用被动语态。故选C。 11．—Will you go to Sally’s birthday party tomorrow? —I’m not sure. I ________ so far. A．am not invited B．wasn’t invited C．haven’t been invited D．won’t be invited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你明天会去莎莉的生日派对吗？——我不确定。到目前为止我还没有被邀请。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。so far常与现在完成时连用；结合题干和选项可知，主语I和动词invite之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以空处应用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构是：have/has+been+动词过去分词。故选C。 12．—It is reported that two-thirds of the water in this village ________ polluted. —Yeah, I know. Although every means ________ tried to solve the problem, all turn out to be useless. A．are; have been B．is; have been C．is; has been D．are; has been 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——据报道，这个村庄三分之二的水受到污染。——是的，我知道。尽管已经尝试了各种方法来解决这个问题，但结果都无济于事。 考查动词。第一空，分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于分数后面的名词，water是不可数名词，be动词用is；第二空，every means‌作为主语时，谓语动词应该使用单数形式，助动词用has。故选C。 13．—How often do I need to feed the dog? —It must _______ food twice a day. A．give B．be give C．gave D．be given 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我需要多久喂一次狗？——它必须每天喂食两次。 考查被动语态。It指代上文的“dog”，主语与give之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，must后跟be done，give的过去分词是given。故选D。 14．This picture can ________ by everyone. A．be enjoyed B．is enjoyed C．enjoy D．to enjoy 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这幅画能被每个人欣赏。 考查被动语态。根据“This picture can”可知，主语是一幅图片，和动词enjoy之间是被动关系，需要使用被动语态，空前有can，情态动词后需要加动词原形。故选A。 15．This coat ________ with water. You must dry-clean it. A．can not wash B．not can wash C．can be not washed D．can not be washed 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这件外套不能用水洗。你必须干洗它。 考查被动语态及否定句。根据“You must dry-clean it.”可知，必须干洗，所以应是不能用水洗，空处所在句的主语“This coat”与wash为被动关系，用被动语态，情态动词can的否定形式为“cannot”或“can not”，D项符合。故选D。 16．The doctor ________ the man just now. So he must be ________. A．operated on; take good care B．was operated; take good care of C．operated on; taken good care of D．was operated on; taken good care 【答案】C 【解析】句意：医生刚才给这个男人做了手术，所以他必须被好好照顾。 考查动词短语和被动语态。operate on sb表示“给某人做手术”，是主动语态形式；be operated on表示“被做手术”，是被动语态形式；take good care of sb表示“好好照顾某人”，其被动形式为sb be taken good care of，表示“某人被好好照顾”；take good care表达错误，缺少介词of。 根据“The doctor…the man just now”可知，这里主语是The doctor，是动作operate on的执行者，所以要用主动语态operated on；再根据“So he must be….”，可知这里主语he是动作take good care of的承受者，所以要用被动语态taken good care of。故选C。 17．The pollution warns people that actions ________ be taken to protect the environment A．may B．can C．would D．should 【答案】D 【解析】句意：污染警告人们应该采取行动保护环境。 考查情态动词。may可以；can能够；would将会；should应该。根据“The pollution warns people”可知，污染警告人们应该保护环境。故选D。 18．The cakes in the restaurant________, so they________ well. A．are tasted better; are sold B．are tasted good; sell C．taste well; are sold D．taste good; sell 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这家餐馆的蛋糕味道很好，所以卖得很好。 考查被动语态的用法。taste尝起来；sell卖。taste是系动词，没有被动形式，后面用形容词作表语；sell well表示物体本身的质量好而畅销，用主动表被动，也不能用被动语态。故选D。 19．The dumplings in the restaurant _________, so they _________ well. A．are tasted good; are sold B．are tasted well; sell C．taste nice; sell D．taste good; are sold 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这家餐馆的饺子味道很好，所以卖得很好。 考查被动语态中的主动表被动。根据“The dumplings in the restaurant …, so they …well.”可知，第一空是指饺子尝起来味道不错，taste为系动词，应用主动表被动，排除AB；第二空是指卖得很好，动词sell为不及物动词，应用主动表被动。故选C。 20．This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily. A．feels, breaks B．is felt, breaks C．feels, is broken D．is felt, is broken 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这种玻璃摸起来很硬，但很容易碎。 考查语态。feel摸起来；break破碎。feel作为感官动词时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义，即 “某物摸起来……” 用“sth. feels + 形容词” 的结构，而不用被动语态，可排除BD选项； break在这里表示“易碎”，是不及物动词，其主动形式可以表示被动含义，常用来描述主语的性质或特征。故选A。 21．The new books ________ so well that they ________ out in all the shops. A．are sold; are sold B．are sold; sold C．sell; are sold; D．sell; sell 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这些新书卖得如此好以至于在所有的商店里都被卖光了。 考查动词的语态和主动表被动用法。“sell”这个词在表示“销售情况如何”时，常用主动形式表示被动意义，所以第一个空用“sell so well” ，描述新书的销售状况好；“sell out”表示“卖光”，主语“they”和“sell out”之间是被动关系，即“新书被卖光”，所以第二个空要用被动语态“are sold”。故选C。 22．_______, something terrible _______ in New Zealand this spring. A．Unlucky; happened B．Unluckily; happened C．Unlucky; was happened D．Unluckily; was happened 【答案】B 【解析】句意：不幸的是，今年春天新西兰发生了可怕的事情。 考查词义辨析及时态。Unlucky不幸的；Unluckily不幸的是。分析句子结构可知，第一个空应用副词形式，作状语，修饰整个句子； happen“发生”，不及物动词，无被动形式，结合选项可知，B项符合。故选B。 23．In the past few years, great changes ________ in our town. More and more high buildings took the place of the small houses. A．have taken place B．have been happened C．have been taken place 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在过去的几年里，我们镇发生了巨大的变化。越来越多的高楼大厦取代了小房子。 考查动词用法。take place发生；happen发生。两个词均无被动，故选A。 24．The meeting ________ next Monday. A．will be happened B．will take place C．will be taken place D．will happen 【答案】B 【解析】句意：会议将于下周一举行。 考查动词辨析和无被动语态情况。take place常指(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生；happen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的发生。happen和take place均不可用于被动语态，可先排除A、C两项；而此会议的举行是有计划的或预料之中会发生的事情，用take place。故选B。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句,谓语动词为被动语态的句子叫被动句。同一件事情往往可以通过主动句或被动句来表达,侧重点虽有所不同,但意思基本相同。一般说来,主动语态侧重于行为者,被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。 被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本结构是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例): 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done 一般过去时 did was/were+done 一般将来时 will/shall+do或be(am/is/are) going to+do will/shall be+done或be(am/is/are) going to be+done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been+done　 含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done　 注意 (1)主动语态变被动语态的方法 (2)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。 My father bought me a computer. →A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一台电脑。 拓展 间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring, give, send, show, pass, take, lend, post, teach, write, throw, hand等。间接宾语前带for的动词有:buy, cook, find, set, make, save等。 (3)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. →The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。 被动语态的用法 1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。 3.动作的发出者是某个事物。 Many houses were washed away in the flood. 在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。 4.固定句型中常用的被动语态。 如:It’s said that…(据说……), It’s reported that…(据报道……), It’s well-known that…(众所周知……)等。 主动语态表被动意义 1.look, smell, feel, taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。 The cloth feels soft.这布摸起来很软。 The cake tastes delicious. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。 2.need/require/want+doing sth. 意为“……需要……”,表被动意义,相当于need/require/want+to be done。 The door needs repairing. =The door needs to be repaired. 这门需要修理。 3.某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式,可表被动意义。 These books sell well. 这些书卖得很好。 The shop opens every day. 这家店每天都营业。 4.不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等。 A traffic accident happened last night. 昨晚发生了一起交通事故。 If you work hard, your dream will come true. 如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。 基础训练 1．Cookies of this kind _______ in that shop over there. They _______ well. A．are sold; are sold B．sell; are sold C．are sold; sell D．sell; sell 2．This novel ________ into a film soon after it was published. A．will be made B．is made C．has made D．was made 3．The 2026 Winter Olympics _______ in Italy. A．hold B．are holding C．will hold D．will be held 4．There will be fewer workers in factories because most work _______ by robots. A．is done B．was done C．will be done D．will do 5．—More and more subway stations are ________ in Shenzhen these days. —Good! There will ________ fewer traffic jams in the future. A．building; be B．being built; have C．built; have D．being built; be 6．—Peter got seriously ________ in the car accident last week. —Yes, he did. And he is ________ in the hospital now. A．hurt; being taken good care B．was hurt; being taken good care of C．hurt; being taken good care of D．was hurt; being taken good care 7．—Peter got seriously ________ in the car accident last week. —Yes, he did. And he is ________ in the hospital now. A．was hurt; taken good care B．was hurt; taken good care of C．hurt; being taken good care of D．hurt; taken good care 8．In the past few years, lots of buildings ________ in this city. A．have built B．are building C．have been built D．will build 9．The factory has ________ since last October. A．opened B．been closed C．been opened D．closed 10．Thanks to the effort of lots of people, more and more national treasures ________ back to China since 2019. A．were brought B．brought C．have been brought D．have brought 11．—Will you go to Sally’s birthday party tomorrow? —I’m not sure. I ________ so far. A．am not invited B．wasn’t invited C．haven’t been invited D．won’t be invited 12．—It is reported that two-thirds of the water in this village ________ polluted. —Yeah, I know. Although every means ________ tried to solve the problem, all turn out to be useless. A．are; have been B．is; have been C．is; has been D．are; has been 13．—How often do I need to feed the dog? —It must _______ food twice a day. A．give B．be give C．gave D．be given 14．This picture can ________ by everyone. A．be enjoyed B．is enjoyed C．enjoy D．to enjoy 15．This coat ________ with water. You must dry-clean it. A．can not wash B．not can wash C．can be not washed D．can not be washed 16．The doctor ________ the man just now. So he must be ________. A．operated on; take good care B．was operated; take good care of C．operated on; taken good care of D．was operated on; taken good care 17．The pollution warns people that actions ________ be taken to protect the environment A．may B．can C．would D．should 18．The cakes in the restaurant________, so they________ well. A．are tasted better; are sold B．are tasted good; sell C．taste well; are sold D．taste good; sell 19．The dumplings in the restaurant _________, so they _________ well. A．are tasted good; are sold B．are tasted well; sell C．taste nice; sell D．taste good; are sold 20．This kind of glass ________ hard but ________ easily. A．feels, breaks B．is felt, breaks C．feels, is broken D．is felt, is broken 21．The new books ________ so well that they ________ out in all the shops. A．are sold; are sold B．are sold; sold C．sell; are sold; D．sell; sell 22．_______, something terrible _______ in New Zealand this spring. A．Unlucky; happened B．Unluckily; happened C．Unlucky; was happened D．Unluckily; was happened 23．In the past few years, great changes ________ in our town. More and more high buildings took the place of the small houses. A．have taken place B．have been happened C．have been taken place 24．The meeting ________ next Monday. A．will be happened B．will take place C．will be taken place D．will happen / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$