内容正文:
第一部分第九章介词、等立连词与并列句、从属连词与状语从句
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第九章介词、等立连词与并列句、从属连词与状语从句
I介词
介词是虚词,表示名词或代词等和句中其他词之间的关系。介词不能单独充当成分,通常放在名词或
代词等词之前构成介词短语,介词后面的人称代词必须用宾格。介词虽数量不多,但用途极广,所以掌握
好介词的应用,对于学好英语至关重要。
(一)介词的句法功能
介词的句法功能
示
例
(1)From Italy,the visitor is not used to the Chinese Food.(
这位游客因从意大利来,不习惯吃中国食物。
(2)The visitor from Italy will visit our school.(
介词不能单独使用,但介词构成的短
那位从意大利来的游客将访问我们学校
语可在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾
(3)The visitor is from Italy,.(表语)这位游客来自于意大利。
语补足语、主语补足语等。
(4)We found the visitor from Italy.(宾语补足语)
我们发现那位游客来自意大利。
(5)The visitor was found from Italy,.(主语补足语)
人们发现这位游客来白意大利。
(1)He is thinking about the matter.他在考虑那件事
名词
(2)I have no money with me..我身上没带钱。
代词
(3)In nine out often he won't come.百分之九十的可能性他不会来。
数词
(4)We have lived here since then.自那以来,我们就住在这儿
副词
(5)Your plan is far from perfect.你的计划还很不完美
形容词
介词+
动名词
等作宾语
(6)He is fond of collecting stamps.他酷爱集邮。
不定式
(7)She could do nothing but wait at home,她只好在家等着。
介词短语
(8)The sound came from behind the door.这声音是从门后发出的。
疑问词+不定式
(9)Our teacher gave us some advice on how to learn English well.
疑问词+从句
就如何学好英语,我们的老师给了我们一些建议。
which+定语从句
(10)Please pay attention to what I said.请注意我所说的。
(l1)This is the place in which he lived.这就是他过去住过的地方。
(二)常用介词的基本用法
介
词
示
例
about
(1)关于,对于
(1)a book about flowers一本关于花亦的书
(2)在…到处(各处、四处)
(2)look about the room环顾房间四周
(3)大约
(3)bout five o'clock大约五点钟
above
(1)在…上方(上面)
(1)The plane flies above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞
(2)(数目、数量、高度、水平
(2)The old man is above ninety..那位老人90多岁。
年龄)超过,多于,大于
初中英语词汇语法表解大全
续表
介
词
示
例
across
(1)从……的一边到另一边,横
(1)Be careful when you go across the street.过街时要当心
过,穿过,跨越
(2)There is a bank right across the street..街对面刚好有一家银行。
(2)在…对面(对过)
(3)The news was spread across the nation.那消息迅速传遍全国。
(3)在…各处,遍及
after
(1)We will leave after lunch..我们将在午饭后动身。
()在…(时间、顺序、位置)之后
(2)寻找,追捕(赶、求、寻)
(2)The police are after him.警方正在追捕他
(3)跟着,模仿,依照
(3)Please make a box after the model..请按模型做一个盒子
against
(1)We must fight against the pollution.我们必须同污染作斗争。
(1)反对:与…相反:逆:违反
(2)The evidence is against him,证据对他不利。
(2)对…不利
(3)防,预防
(3)They saved money against old age.他们存钱以养老。
(4)紧靠;倚;碰:撞
(4)He stood with his back agains过the door.他背靠着门站着。
along
(1)We walked along the river..我们沿着河走
(①)沿着:顺着(表示动态)
(2)靠着…的边(表示静态)
(2)There are several schools along this road..这条街上有好几所学校。
among
There is a house among the trees..绿树丛中有一座房屋。
(通常)在(三者以上)之中
(1)They walked around the town for a place to eat.
around
他们步行在城里到处寻找吃饭的地方。
(1)在(去)…各处:遍及
(2)They sat in a circle around their teacher.,他们围着老师坐了一圈。
(2)环绕;围绕:包围
(3)在(朝)…四周
(3)He stood there looking around his mother.他站在那里注视着他的
妈妈。
(4)在…附近(身边、手头)
(⑤)大约在
(4)Please stay around the office.请待在办公室的附近。
(5)It happened around2004.这件事发生在2004年前后。
as
(I)They were all dressed as clowns,.他们都打扮成小丑。
(1)像;如同
(2)We all start life as babies and finish it as old folks.
(2)以…的身份;作为
我们都是从婴儿开始人生的旅程,作为老人走完这一旅程。
(3)当作
(3)He treats me as his best friend..他把我当作他最好的朋友。
(4)像…(一样)
(4)My hands were as cold as ice.我双手冷得像冰。
at
(1)at the gate/airport/station在门口机场f车站
(1)在(地点)
at Jack's house在杰克的家里
(2)在某时间或时刻。在…岁
(2)at2o'clock在两点钟/at the end of the week在周末
(3)朝:向;对着(目标)
at dawn在黎明/at the age of ten在十岁
(4)处于…状态
(3)They were looking at each other,.他们相互看着。
(⑤)在…方面(擅长)
(6)忙于:从事于
(4)The country is now at war..这个国家正在打仗。
(7)以速度(比率、价额、温
(5)She is good at learning English.她擅长学习英语。
度、高度、程度等)
(6)He is at work on a new project..他正忙于制订一.个新规划。
(7)The pen was sold at three dollars.这支钢笔卖了三美元。
第一部分第九章介词、等立连词与并列句、从属连词与状语从句
续表
介
词
示
例
before
(1 All the games finish before evening.
(1)在…(时间)之前
所有比赛项目都要在傍晚前结束
(2)在…(位置)前面
(3)(指顺序、地位、重要性等)
(2)He stopped before the door..他在门前停了下来。
在…之前:先于
(3)He puts his work before everything.他一t切以工作为重
bchind
(1)在…(位置)后面
(1)There was a garden behind the school.学校后边有一个花园。
(2)(时间)迟于,比…晚
(2)The train arrived seven minutes behind time.火车到站时晚点七分钟。
(3)落后于:不如
(3)He fell behind the others.他落后于其他人。
below
(L)The Dead Sea is below sea level..死海位于海平面以下
(1)(位置)低于:在…之下
(2)He is in a grade below me.他比我低一个年级。
(2)(数量、能力、年龄、温度
级别等)低于;在…之下
Her marks in the exam were below average.她考试成绩低于平均水平。
beside
He lives in a small town beside the sea,他住在一个海边小镇。
在…的旁边(附近)
besides
(I )He had to take care of other people besides me.
(1)(肯定句)除…以外(还)
除了我以外,他还需照料其他人。
(2)(否定句)除…之外(不或
没有)
(2)He has few friends besides me.除了我,他几乎没有别的朋友。
between
常用在(两者)之问
You can sit between Mary and me,.你可以坐在玛丽和我中间。
beyond
(1)He is living beyond his income.他的生活入不敷出。
(表示程度)超出…的范围;
非…所不及
(2)The job is beyond my power.这活我千不了。
but
(I)Nobody knew it but me,除了我,没人知道这件事
(常用于nobody,all,who等词后
(2)I did nothing but do my homework yesterday evening.
面)除…以外(无)
昨晚除了做家庭作业我什么也没干。
by
(1)在…旁边(身边、手头),靠近
(1)There was a small house by the river..河边有座小房子。
(2)从…旁边(过去),通过,
(2)I saw him when I went by the post office..我路过邮局时看见了他
沿着,经由
(3)到(某时)之前,不迟于
(3)They had finished the work by the end of last week.
(4)(常用于被动语态)被…,
他们在上周末之前就完成了工作。
由…
(4)He was knocked down by a bus.他被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。
(⑤)乘,由,凭借,靠,用通过
(5)He went to Beijing by plane.他乘飞机去北京。
(交通,传递、方法、手段等
He earns his living by teaching他以教书为生。
方式)
(6)He took my pen by mistake.他错拿了我的钢笔。
(⑥(表示原因)由于
(7根据,按照
(7)Don't judge a person by his looks.不要以貌取人。
(8)(标准、度量、数量、程度
(8)He is paid by the hour..他是按时间计酬的。
等)按…计算
初中英语词汇语法表解大全
续表
介
词
示
例
down
(1)His of伍fice is down the stairs..他的办公室在楼下。
()(从高处)向(往、在)下
(2)Go down the road till you reach the traffic lights.
(2)沿着,顺着,朝着
沿着这条路一直走到红绿灯处。
during在…期间
He swims every day during the summer..整个夏季,他每天都游泳。
except
(1)Everyone is ready except John.除了约愉以外,大家全都准备好了。
除…外(常指所排除的事物不在
(2)I looked everywhere except there.
所述范围之内)】
除了没看那儿,其他地方我都看过了。
for
(1)Lct's go for a walk.咱们出去散步吧
(1)(表目的)为了…(的利
save money for old age存钱防老
益):为…做准备
(2)Are you for the plan?你赞成这个计划吗?
(2)(表态度)支持,赞成
(3)a book for children一本儿童读物
(3)(表对象、用途等)为,给,
供,对…来说:适合于
He is fit for the job.他适合做那份工作
(4)(表目标、去向)往,向,初
(4)leave for home动身回家
(⑤)代替,代表
a plane for Paris飞往巴黎的飞机
(6)以…为代价(交换);作为
(5)Let me do it for you.让我代你干这事
对…(的奖罚)
(7(表理由,原因)由于,因为
(6)She bought this car for£2.000.她花了2000英镑买下这辆车。
(8)(表爱好,特长等)对于,关
(7)He got an award for bravery..他因英勇获奖
于,在…方面
(8)He has a taste for music.他爱好音乐。
(9)(时间、距离)达
(9)We walked for5 miles.我们走了五英里路
from
(1)from morning to evening从早到晚
(I)(表示时间)从…起,始于
I have known her from her childhood.从她小时候起我就认识她了。
(2)(表示地点)从…
(2)from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海
(3)(表示来源)从…来,出自
(3)I received a letter from my sister.我收到了我姐姐的来信。
(4)表示“离”
He comes from Australia..他来自澳大利亚。
(5)(表示角度、方位等)从,据
(4)My school is far from my home.学校离我家很远
(6)(表示原料)由
(5)They saw it from the hill..他们从山上看到了它。
(6)The wine is made from oranges.这酒是用橘子做的
(7)(表示区别、差异等)与…不同
(7)This book is different from that one.这本书不同于那本书
(⑧)表示摆脱、阻止、防止等
(8)The heavy snow prevented us from going out..大雪使我们不能出去。
(9)由于、因为
(9)The boy died from a traffic accident.那个男孩死于一场车祸。
(I)They are playing in the park.他们正在公园里玩
(1)(表示位置)在…里面
There is a pencil in the box.盒子里有-一支铅笔。
(内、中)
(2)She will meet us in two hours..她两小时后要会见我们。
(2)(表示时间)在…时期.
The war broke out in194l.战争于1941年爆发。
在…之后,在……过程中
(3)Japan is a country in Asia.日本是一个亚洲国家
(3)(表示领域、范围)在…之
He is weak in his study..他学习不行。
内,在…方面,关于
(4)Both of his parents are in good health.他的父母健康情况都很好
(4)(表示状态、情况)处于…中
His life is in danger.他的生命有危险.
(5)(表示职业、活动等)从事于
(5)He is in business and not in politics..他经商而不从政
(6)(表示表达方式、手段等)(6)You can do it in this way.你可以这样做。
用,以
Do this exercise in ink.做这个作业用墨水写
(7)(表示服饰等)穿(戴、带)着
(7)She is in a red coat today.今天她穿了一件红外套
(8)(表示方向)向,朝
(8)She is walking in the direction of the post office,她正朝邮局方向走去
第一部分第九章介词、等立连词与并列句、从属连词与状语从句
99
续表
介
词
示
例
inside
I looked inside the house..我朝房子里面看。
在…里面:往…的里面
into
(1 )They walked into the classroom,talking and laughing
(1)进,入,到…里面
他们说着笑着走进教室。
(2)持续到.深入到,进人…状态
(2)They sat talking far into the night.他们坐着一直谈到深夜。
(3)成为,变成
(3)The snow changed into ice..雪变成了冰。
(1)Don't speak to your parents like that..不能像那样跟你的父母讲话。
like
Is she like her dad or mum?她长得像她的爸爸还是妈妈?
(1)像,像一样
(2)She looks best in bright colors.like red and pink.
(2)(口语)比如,例如
她穿着鲜艳的衣服最好看,诸如红色和粉色。
(3)好像要;看来是;想要
(3)It looks like rain.天好像要下雨。
I am very tired.I feel like going to bed.我很累,想睡觉了。
(1)There is no shop near the school..学校附近没有商店。
near
(2)My mother is near40.我妈妈近四十岁。
在…附近:靠近:接近:近似于
(3)Near the village is a small river.靠近村庄有一条小河。
(4)The small child was afraid to go near the dog.这小孩不敢接近那条狗。
of
(1)(属于)…的
(1)They are good students of this school.他们是这所学校的好学生。
(2)由…制成(组成、构成)的
(2)The table is made of wood.这张桌子是用木材做的
(3)(表示部分或全部)
(3)two of us我们中两人(指部分)/the two of us我们两人(指全部)
(4)(表示具有某种性质、状况)
(4)She is a woman of sense.她是一位有识之人
(5)(表示同位关系)
(5)the university of Qinghua清华大学
(⑥(表示…中最为突出的)
(6)He is the best of the three.他是三人中最好的。
(7)由于,因为
(7)He died of cancer..他死于癌症
(8)(表示数量、种类、大小等)
(8)May I have a bottle of water?我要一瓶水好吗?
的
off
(1)The girl fell off the bike.那个女孩从自行车上摔了下来。
从(某处)落下;离开:(时空
(2)Keep off the grass.勿践草地
上)离,距
(3)When did you get off the train?你什么时候下的火车?
(I)There is a book on the desk.桌上有一-本书。
on
(2)There are trees on each side of the road to the city.
(1)(表示接触、连接等)在…上
在通往该城市去的道路两旁都有树。
(2)在…旁:靠近;沿者
(3)Don't play a joke on him!不要取笑他!
(3)(表示方向)向着,对着
(4)All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.万物生长靠太阳。
(4)根据,凭。靠
The young people should rely on themselves..年轻人应该自力更生。
(⑤)关于:论及
(5)He will give a lecture on the protection of environment.
他将做关于环保的讲座。
outside
Don't go outside the house before I come back.
在…的外面:向…的外面
我回来以前,你不能到房子外面去。
00
初中英语词汇语法表解大全
续表
介
词
示
例
over
(1)There is a bridge over the river..河上有一座桥
(1)(悬)在…的上方(上面
The lamp hung over the table.灯吊在桌子上方。
上空)
(2)This pair of shoes costs over50yuan.这双鞋要50多元.
(2)超过,在…以上
(3)I saw her jump over the fence.我见她跳过篱笆,
(3)(从一边)到…另一边:越
They are climbing over the snow mountain.他们正在翻越雪山。
(过);跨(过);翻越
(4)Ve have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
(4)遍布:遍及:从头到尾
Let us go over the new words.让我们复习一遍生词。
past
()(空间、地点)经过
(1)He walked past my door.他从我门口走过去。
(2)(年龄、数量、时间、数目
(2)His mother is past sixty.他的妈妈已年过六十。
We start work at half pas过seven every day.我们每天七点半开始工作。
等)超过,多于
(3)The problem is past understanding..这个问题超出理解范围。
(3)超出…的范围(限度、能力)
round
(1)The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
()围绕,环绕,包围
They were sitting round the table.他们正围桌而坐。
(2)在…四周(各处、附近)
(2)They looked round the island..他们环顾岛屿四周。
(3)大约
(3)ll see you round seven o'clock.我将于七点左右见你
since
We have studied English since 3 years ago.
从…以来:自…以后
从三年前我们就开始学英语了。
through
()(表示空间)从…一端至另
(1)Ve drove through the center of London..我们开车穿过伦敦市中心。
一端,穿过,通过
(2)He succeeded through hard work.他通过努力工作成功了。
(2)(表示方法、手段等)通过
(3)He read through the magazine..他从头到尾把杂志读了一遍
(3)从…头至尾;在整个…期间
(1 The fire soon spread throughout the whole part of the town.
throughout
(1)各处:遍及
火灾很快就蔓延到了整个城镇。
(2)The museum is open daily throughout the year.
(2)自始至终;贯穿整个时期
这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。
till/until
(①)直到…为止
(I)I will stay here till /unti过next Sunday..我一直要逗留到下星期天。
He works from morning till night.他从早到晚都工作。
(2)(用于否定句)在…以前。
(2)He didn't come till/until nine o'clock.他直到九点才来
直到(…才)
to
(1)On his way to the cinema,he met an old friend.
(1)(表示方向、目的地)向,
在去电影院的路上,他遇到了一位老朋友。
朝,往,到
I want a ticket to Guangzhou,please..请给我一张去广州的票。
(2)(表示时间)到,直到
(2)Breakfast is from7to9 in the morning..早餐从上午七点到九点。
(3)(表示程度、范围等)至,达
(3)from beginning to end从头到尾
(4)(表示接近、接触)(面)对:
(4)He put his ear to the wall..他把耳朵贴在墙上。
触及;紧靠着
stand face to face而对面地站着
(5)(表示目的、意图)为了
(5)drink to sb.'s health为某人的健康干杯
(6)(表示所属关系)属于,归于
(6)Idon't know the answer to the question..我不知道这个问题的答案
(7)(表示关系)对(于),关于
(7)He is very kind to us..他对我们很友好。
(8)(表示结果、效果)致,致使
(8)To my surprise,.he is a blind man.使我惊奇的是,他竞然是个盲人
第一部分第九章介词、等立连词与并列句、从属连词与状语从句
10
续表
介
词
示
例
toward(s)
(1)The sunflower turns toward the sun..葵花向着太阳。
()(表示运动、方向)朝,向:面对
(2)She changed her attitude toward me,她改变了对我的态度
(2)(表示关系)关于:对,对于
under
(1)(表示位置)在…下面(下
(I)He hid under the table.他躲在桌下
The boat sailed under the bridge.船在桥下行驶。
方、底下)
(2)He is under ten years old..他未满十岁.
(2)(年龄、数量、重量、程度、
His income is under S.500 a month.他的收入每月不到500美元
尺寸、价值、标准等)在…以
(3)The question is still under discussion.这个问题仍在讨论之中。
下:次(低、少)于
The bridge is under construction..桥正在建设之中。
(3)在…(过程)中
up
(1)The monkey is climbing up the tree.那只猴子在爬树。
()向…的上方,沿着…往上
(2)在…的较高处.位于…的上面
(2)His office is up the stairs..他的办公室在楼上。
upon
在大多数情况下可与on通用,但once upon a time从前
upon比较正式,而且在某些习惯用Christmas is almost upon us..圣诞节即将来临。
法中,只能用upon
with
(1)She lives wit地her parents,她同她父母住在一起。
(1)(表示联合或陪伴等)和…
He talked wit迪us for about half an hour..他和我们谈了近半个小时
在一起;跟,同,和
Can you go with me to play tennis?你能和我一起玩网球吗?
(2)(表示人或事物所具有的特点或(2)China is a country wit迪a long history,中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
特征等)具(带、拥)有:穿戴
Who is that girl with yellow hair?那个黄头发的女孩是谁?
着
(3)He writes with his left hand.他用左手写字
(3)(表示使用的工具、手段、材
He reads wit山the help of a dictionary.他借助于字典阅读。
料等)用;以;借
(4)Wit迪these words,he left the room.说着话他离开了房间。
(4)(表示伴随的情况或结果)随者
(5)Our teacher is very strict with us..我们老师对我们要求很严
(⑤)(表示关系)对于:关于
He was careful wit讪his words.他是一个说话谨慎的人
(6)(表示竞争、反对、对抗或分
(6)I had an argument with my boss.我跟老板吵了一架。
离等)和,与,跟,同
Stop fighting wit迪your brother..别再跟你弟弟打架了。
within
(I)It's a task withi血your power..这是你力所能及的
(1)在…以内
(2)He'I arrive within an hour..他在一小时之内就会到达。
(2)在(多少时间)内:不到
(1)He went out without his hat.他没戴帽子就出去了。
without
(1)没有,没带,缺乏,缺少,无
Can you see without your glasses?你不戴眼镜能看见吗?
(2)We can't do it without your help.没有你的帮助我们是做不成的,
(2)(表示条件)如果没有
Without air,we could not live.没有空气,我们就不能生存。
902
初中英语词汇语法表解大全
(三)介词辨析
介词辨析
示
例
【辨析】after/in
(1)He came back after3days.他三天后回来。(不常用
一段时间(过去时)】
(2)He will come back after3o'clock.他三点后回来。
after+
…之后
一点时间(将来时)」
(3)He will come back in3days.他三天内回来。
i+一段时间(将来时)…之后
(4)He will come back in an hour.他一个小时内回来
【辨析】in/on/at表时间
in the 18 th century在十八世纪
(1)in用在世纪、年、月、季节前:还可山2023在2023年
以用于上午、下午、晚上前:
in January(February/March/April.)在一(二、三、四…)月
(2)on用在具体的某一天、星期几或节
in spring(summer/autumn/winter)在春(夏、秋、冬)天
日名词前:
(3)at用在钟点、黎明、正午、黄昏
in the morning(afternoon/evening)在早上(下午,晚上)
始、末等前
on July1,2023在2023年7月1日
★口诀:
★on the morning of July,l2023在2023年7月1日早上
年前周前要用i;具体日子要用on:
on Sunday在星期天/on Sunday morning在星期天早上
遇到几号也用on:上午下午得是in:
★on a windy and rainy morning在一个风雨交加的早晨
要说某日上下午,用on换ini记清楚:
on National Day在国庆节/on Christmas Eve在圣诞节除夕
午夜黄昏用at;黎明用它也不错:
趾8:00 on the morning of June2,2023在2023年6月2日早上八点
at用在时分前;说“差”可要用上to,
a8:00 in the morning in June2,2023在2023年6月2日早上八点
说“过”要用past。
at dawn(noon/dark/night)在黎明(正午、黄昏、夜里)
★延Christmas=-on Christmas Day在圣诞节
【辨析】since/for用于完成时
(I)I have worked here since then..从那以后我就在这儿工作。
点时间
(2)I have known him since I0 years ago.我从十年前就认识他.
since+3
段时间+ago
自从一以来
→I have known him for 10 years..我认识他十年了。
从句(过去时
3)I have known him since he was a child.
for+
段时间…已…时间了
我从他小时候就认识他
【辨析】across/along/over/through/by
across横过(表示从物体表面的一边到
(I)He helped the blind man across the street.他帮助那个盲人过马路。
另一边)
2)Can you swim across the river?你能游过那条河吗?
alongi沿着(表示沿一条线在水平方向
3)She walks slowly along the road.她沿若那条路慢慢地走
(4)It's dangerous to climb over the fence.翻越栅栏危险
上运动)
over越过(表示从某障碍物上面通过)】
(5)The light came through the window.光透过窗子射进来,
through穿过(表示从物体内通过)
(6)A train is running through the tunnel.一列火车正穿过隧道。
by-past经过(表示从物体旁边走过)
(7 He walked by me without speaking..他一言不发地从我身边走过。
【辨析】above/on/over表位置
above在…之上(指位置高于某物
(1)The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机正在云层上面飞行。
但不一定在正上方,也不接触另
(2)The sun is rising above the horizon.太阳正从地平线上冉冉升起
物,其反义词是below
(3)There is a book on the table.桌上有本书
on在…之上(指与另
·表面相接触,
(4)There is a map of China on the wall.墙上有一张中国地图。
其反义词是beneath)
(5)The lamp is over the table.灯在桌子的正上方。
ovcr在…之上(含有垂直在上,暗示
(6)He spread a cloth over the table.他把一块布铺在桌上
悬空,其反义词是under)
【辨析】among/between表位置
(1)I couldn't find him among the crowd.我在人群里找不到他。
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物
(2 That book is the best among modern novels
之间。
between指在两个人或两个事物之间,
那本书是现代小说中写得最好的一部。
常与and搭配,构成between.and.结
(3)I'm usually free between Tuesday and Thursday.
构
我通常在星期二与星期四之间有空。
第一部分第九章介词、等立连词与并列句、从属连词与状语从句
103
续表
介词辨析
示
例
【辨析】at/im表地点
at表示地点时,多指较小的地方
(1)He will arrive at school soon.他不久就到学校了。
in表示地点时,多指大的地方
(2)She has arrived in Beijing.她已经到达北京了。
【辨析】in/on/to表方位
(I)China is in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲的东部
n在(同一范围内)
on在(相邻)范围外
(2)China is on the west of Korea..中国位于朝鲜的西部
to在(不相邻)范围外
(3)China is to the west of Japan.中国位于日本的西部。
【辨析】byin/on/with
by plane(-in a plane).他乘飞机旅行。
by bike(=on a bike).他骑车旅行。
by+交通工具(表方式)用…
(I He made a journey
in+(原料、颜料、语言、钢笔、铅
by car(-in a car).他乘车旅行。
笔、大、小写字母等)用
on foot(with his feet).他徒步旅行。
in+冠词+(四周封闭交通工具)用
i血pencil(-with a pencil).作者用铅笔写。
(2 The writer wrote 3
on+冠词+(四周无遮拦交通工具)用
nink.作者用墨水写。
「one's+(身体某部位等)用
(in English..作者用英语写
with+
(3)We work wit池our hands(by hand).我们用我们的双手劳动。
[冠词+(劳动工具)用
(4)He cut the cake in two with a knife.他用刀把蛋糕切成两块。
【辨析】tl/until,by
(I)I worked till/until he came back..我一直工作到他回来
till/until
(1)(肯定句用延续动词)一直到…
《2)I didn't work till/until he came back.直到他回来我才开始工作。
(2)(否定句用延续或终止动词)直
(3)I didn't receive his letter till/until yesterday.
直到昨天我才收到他的来信。
到+才
by(与终止动词连用,常用于过去完成
(4)By the end of last term,we had learned 5,000 words.
到上学期末为止,我们已经学了5000个单词。
时)到时为止
【辨析】as,like
(1 )As a teacher,I am always strict with my students.
as(1)(作介词用)作为
作为一名老师,我总是对我的学生要求严格。
(2)(作连词用)像……一样
(2)He looks like a teacher,but in fact he is a doctor.
ke(作介词用)像…东西或人一样
他看起来像位老师,其实他是名医生。
【辨析】in front of/in the front of
(1)There are some flowers in front of the house.房子前面有些花。
in front of在(某地方之外的)前面(即
(2)There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.
不在其中,通常可与before通用)
我们的教室前面有一块黑板。
in the front of在(某地方之内的)前面
(3)I sat in the front of the bus and my bag was put in front of me
(即在其中的前部分)
我坐在公共汽车里的前部,我的包放在我的前面。
【辨析】beside/besides/but/except/
(1)I sit beside my good friend,Jack.我坐在好朋友杰克的一旁
except for,except that
(2)Besides maths,we also study Chinese,English and history.
beside在…的旁边
除了数学以外,我们还学习汉语、英语和历史
besides,意为“除外,还有…”,其
(3)He has no choice but to wait..除了等,他别无选择
宾语是被包含在整体之内的部分。
but除…外,没有…,常与具有否
(4)She can do everything but cook.除了做饭,她什么都会做。
定意义的词连用,当but前有动词do
(5)All of our classmates went to the cinema except Tom.
的某种形式时,but后接动词原形
除了汤姆,我们班所有的学生都去了电影院
except除…外,没有…(使用范围
(6)Except for one old lady,the bus was empty.
广于but,且着重在除去的部分,
这辆公共汽车上只有一位老太太。
般不能位于句首)
except for除…外,没有…(可位
(7)He is a good man except for hot tempter.
于句首,先背定整体,后部分修正)
他是个好人,只是脾气暴躁而已。
except that除…之外,没有…(后
(8)The article is good except that it is too long.
接从句)
这篇文章很好,只是太长了些
04
初中英语词汇语法表解大全
续表
介词辨析
示
例
【辨析】at/by/to表示价格、比率
(1)He was driving at70mph.他以每小时70英里的速度驾车行驶。
at表示比率、价格、速度等
(2)House prices went up by10%.房价上涨了10%
by表示净增减程度、数量差等
(3)The skirt was reduced to t 10 in the sale.
o表示增减到某时间、数量
在大减价期间,这条裙子减价到10英镑。
【辨析】of/from表示材料
be made of可以看出原材料
(I)The kite is made of paper.风筝是用纸做的。
be made from不能看出原材料
(2)The paper is made from wood.纸是用木头做的。
Ⅱ
等立连词与并列句
类别
等立连词
示
例
(I)He looks healthy and happy.他看起来健康而快乐。
and和,及,同,又,并,而
(2)His brothers as well as he are good at English.
as well as和;不仅…而且
不但他,而且他的兄弟们也擅长英语。
both...and..…和…二者都
(3)Both water and air are important to us..水和空气对我们都很重要。
表
neither...nor
(4)I like neither coffee nor tea.咖啡和茶,我都不喜欢。
并
列
既不…也不,两者都不
(5)Not only he but also his parents are football fans.
not only...but (also)
不但他,而且他父母都是足球迷。
不但…而且
(6)He can not only read but also write.他不仅会读,而且也会写。
noL.but不是…而是
(7)Shakespeare was not a musician but a writer.
莎士比亚不是一个音乐家,而是一个作家
(I)He is very poor,.but he is very happy..他虽然贫穷却很快乐。
but但是;可是:然而:不过
(2)The book is expensive,however,.it's worth it.这本书很贵,可是很值。
表
however然而:但是:可是
(3)He is naughty,still I cannot help liking him.
转
sti还是;但是:仍然;然而
他很淘气,但是我还是忍不住喜欢他:
折
while(然)而:却:相比之下
(4)Mike is strong while his brother is weak.迈克很壮而他的弟弟很弱。
yet尽管:(然)而;可是;但是
(5)He is old,yet he is still active in sports.
他虽然老了,可是还积极参加体育运动
(I)Be careful,or you will fall down..当心,否则你会掉下来
or否则,不然;或者
(2)I would like either tea or coffee..茶或者咖啡,我都喜欢。
either..or或者…或者:
表
(3)Either you or he is right.不是你对,就是他对
不是…就是
选
(4)Humy,or else you'll be late.快点,否则你要迟到了。
or else否则,不然的话
择
(5)Go quickly,otherwise you''Ibe late again.快走,不然你又要迟到了。
otherwise否则,不然
(6)I would rather fail than cheat in the exam.
rather...than宁愿…而不
我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。
for(书面语)因为:由于
(1)I soon went to sleep,for I was tired.我很快就人睡了,因为我太累了。
表
so因此;因而;所以
(2)He is ill,.so he can'tcome.他病了,所以他不能来
因
therefore因此;所以;因而
(3))It rained,.therefor四the match was put off天下雨,所以比赛延期了。
果
hus因此:因而
(4)It is late,and thus you must go.时间不早了,所以你必须走了。参考答案
105. cheap
104. safe
74. caught
75. was studying
106. polite
107. busiest
76. taught
77. visited
109. wisely
108. modern
78. spent
110. easily
u1. healthier
三、完成句子
112. hardly
113. active
79. don't brush
80. have been
114. patient
115. unsure/uncertair
81. has kept
82. has offered
116. ancient
中考考点二
二、根据首字母提示填空
动词语态
117. honest
118. deeply
一、单项选择
119. early
120. personal
83-85 DBD
86-90 CDABD
122. hungry
91-95CCBAB
121. popular
96-100 CDDAB
三、根据汉语提示,填写单词或短语
101-105 BDCBB
106-109 CCBC
123.(getting/becoming)
greener and greener
二、词汇运用
124. more: more
110. mentioned
111. fined
125. More and more people
112. divided
113. was sold
126.(getting/becoming) interested in
三、完成句子
127. different kinds of
114. was launched
115. It's said
第七章 情态动词
116. is collected
117. be put off
中考考点一基本用法。
第九章介词、等立连词与并列
1-5ABADD
句、从属连词与状语从句
6-10 ACBBA
16-20 BBCCA
11-15BBCBE
中考考点一介词
21-25AABCA
26-30 ADCAB
一、时间介词
31-35ACABC
36-40 ABCBA
1-5CCCAA
6-10AACBE
中考考点二 表推测
二、方式介词
41-45BAAAB
46-50AABBA
11-15CCCDC
51-53 BDC
三、方位介词
第八章 动词的时态和语态
16-20 BBBCA
21-23CCC
中考考点一动词时态
四、其他常见介词
24-25AC
26-30 CCDCC
一、单项选择
31-35 DCADC
36-40AAABA
1-5BCAAD
6-10CADCA
41-43 BCB
11-15ABCCA
16-20 DDDBC
21-25CCDBC
26-30 CCCBC
五、介词短语
44-45BB
31-35CCDCB
36-40 ACCBC
46-50 BCDDB
41-45 BCCBD
46-50 ADBCC
51. on/at the weekend或on/at weekends
51-55 BCBAC
56-60 CCAAD
52. At the beginning of
61-65ACABA
66-67AB
53. in the countryside
二、词汇运用
54. After (eating/having) dinner/supper
69. has
68. will take
55. on foot
70. was having
71. won
56. To our surprise
72. saved
73. locked
57. in the middle of
初中英语词汇语法表解大全
中考考点二
连词
第十三章 主谓一致
一、等立连词与并列句
中考考点一
中考单选真题
58-60 DBB
61-66 DDDAAC
1-5ACBCA
6-10 BCBAA
二、从属连词与状语从句
11-15BBADA
16-20ABBDA
67-70 DCAB
71-75ADBCA
21-25CCCBC
26-27BD
76-80 BADDC
81-85AABBC
中考考点二
第十章 定语从句
词汇运用
28. is
29. has
中考考点
中考单选真题
30. do
31. am
32. reaches
1-5CCACB
6-10 DBBBA
33. is
34. are
11-15BACBA
16-20 DCCAA
35.is
36. is
21-25 BCAAA
26-30 CBBBA
37. is
38. goes
31-35BCADA
39. is
第十一章 名词性从句
第十四章 简单句与情景交际
中考考点一
中考考点一中考单选真题
特殊疑问句
1-5BACBA
1-5CDBAC
6-7AB
6-10 DADDB
11-15DADBC
16-20 CBDBB
中考考点二
How词组辨析
21-25 BBBDB
26-30CDDBD
8-10ABB
11-15BAAAA
16-19ADCC
中考考点二 完成句子
31. if/ whether she could do
中考考点三 感叹句
32. if/ whether: had
20-25CABBBB
26-30 BCACD
33. if/ whether: has
31-35 DACCC
34. which: you sang
中考考点四
四1祈使句
第十二章 非谓语动词
36-40CBAAB
41-43CBA
中考考点一 中考单选真题
中考考点五
交际用语
1-5DBCCB
6-10 BADBC
44-45AA
46-50 AACBA
11-15BCADC
16-20CACCE
51-55CDDDA
56-60 DCCAA
21-25CBBDA
26-30 CBBDD
61-65 BACCA
66-70CABBC
31-35CDBAB
36-40 BBADB
71-75DACCA
76-80 ABDBC
81-85 BAACA
41-45CBCAB
46-50 CCBDB
86-88CBA
51-55 BCBDB
56-60 CDDBD
第十五章 倒 装
61-64 BCAC
中考考点一部分倒装
1-5BADAC
中考考点二
词汇运用
6-10 BBCCC
11-15BCADB
65. solving
66. putting
16-20CBACA
67 spreading
68. to circle
21-25 BDABD
69. to have
70. playing
中考考点二
全部倒装
71. saving
26-30ACCBB
31-34 DBAE