第8章 动词的时态和语态-2024-2025学年初中英语语法表解大全

第一部分第八章动词的时态和语态 69 第八章动词的时态和语态 动词的时态 英语动词的时态共有16种，但中学阶段要求掌握的有8种（表格中涂色部分）。动词的各种 时态构成形式如下： 时间 形式 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 动词原形/第三人称 单数形式 过去式 will/shall/be going to+ 动词原形 would/should+-动词原形 进行 am/is/are+ was/were+ 现在分词 现在分词 will/shall+-be+现在分词 would/should+-be+现在分词 完成 have/has+ 过去分词 had+过去分词 wil/shal+have+过去分词 would/should+-have+过去分词 完成进行 have/has+been+ had+been+ will/shall+have+been+ would/should+have+been+ 现在分词 现在分词 现在分词 现在分词 ★口决：动词的时态 四种时态各四式，联想对比便于记。时间现在和过去，各自还有将来时。一般，完成，进行式， 完成进行是四式。思思共有十六种，看来复杂掌握易。除去have/bel以外，动词变化有规律。 1 一般现在时 (一）一般现在时主要用来表示反复发生的动作、历时不变的情况等。，常和含有“经常 常常，始终”意义的副词连用。它的构成形式为“主语+动词原形第三人称单数形式”。 类型 示 例 1.谓语动词是系动词型 ★(1)主语是第一人称单数用am,第三人称单 (1)He is a teacher..他是一位老师。 数用is外，其余一律用are。 (2)Lam not a student..我不是学生。 (2)变为否定句时，直接在系动词后面加not: (3)Are you good at English?你擅长英语吗？ 变为疑问句时，将系动词放在主语前。 2,谓语动词是实义动词型 (1)I often have lunch at12o'clock.我经常在12点吃午饭。 ★(1)除主语为第三人称单数在动词后面加（©s (2)He doesn't finish his homework on time. 外，其余各人称都用动词原形。 (2)变为否定或者疑问句时，要借助do或 他没有准时完成家庭作业。 does. (3)Do you get up early every day?你每天都早起吗？ (1)I can swim.我会游泳。 3.谓语动词是情态动词型 (2)You mustn't play in the street..你不许在街上玩耍。 (3)May I use your computer?我可以用一下你的电脑吗？ (1)一般在词尾加-s work→works工作lke→likes喜欢 come+comes来 keep→keeps保持feel→feels感觉 sel→sells卖 ★行为 teach-→teaches教fetch-→fetches去取finish-→finishes?完成 动词一 (2)以-ch/-sh/-s/-ss/-x/-o结尾加-es brush→brushes刷guess-→guesses猜 miss→misses错过 般现在 6x一→fxes修理 g0→goes去 do→does做 时形式 (3)以辅音字母+y结尾，先变y为rytries试 study→studies学习supply→supplies供应 构成的 i,再加-es reply-→replies回答cary→carries携带 cry+cries哭喊 规则 say*says说 enjoy-+enjoys喜款employ→employs雇用 (4)以元音字母+y结尾，直接加-s stay+staysi逗留 buy>buys买 bey+obeys服从 play-playsi玩耍 destroy-→destroys毁坏 70 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 (二)一般现在时的用法 用法 示 例 1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发 (1)We often have music class on Sundays.星期天我们经常上音乐课。 生的动作，常与ofen/always/. (2)He visits his parents once a week.他每周去看一次父母。 usually/on Sundays never/ (3)It often rains in summer in Beijing.北京的夏天经常下雨。 sometimes/seldom /every day (4)Tom gets up at8o'clock every morning..汤姆每天早上八点起床。 (week,month)/on weekends/ (5)Do you play basketball after school every afternoon? once a week等时间状语连用 你们每天下午放学后打篮球吗？ 2.表示主语现在所具有的特征、 (1)Tom has a good sense of humor.汤姆很有幽默感。 性格、能力或存在的状态 (2)The boy enjoys computer games.这男孩喜欢电脑游戏。 (3)You look pale./hat's the matter with you?.你看上去脸色苍白。你怎么了？ (1)The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 3.表示客观规律，正确事实或科 学真理、格言、警句以及其他 (2)Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 不受时间限制的客观存在 (3)China lies in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。 (4)Actions speak louder than words..事实胜于雄辩。 (1 I will tell him about it as soon as I see him. 4.★用于有连词if/unless/.before/ 我一见到他，就会立刻告诉他这事。 as soon as/after/when/once/ (2)If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we'll go to the Great Wall. however等引导的时间、条 如果明天不下雨，我们将去长城。 件、让步状语从句中，表示将 (3)I will discuss this with you when we meet next time. 要发生的动作 下次见面时我和你再讨论这件事。 (4)We'll have to finish it,however long it takes. 不管花多长时间，我们必须把它做完。 (1 )The train leaves at 11 and arrives in Paris at 3 tomorrow morning. 5.表示预先安排或计划要做的 火车11点出发，将于明天凌晨三点到达巴黎。 动作（有时间状语），限于(2)The plane takes off at two this afternoon..飞机将于今天下午两点起 begin/come/go arrive start/ 飞。 stop/open /return/close/finish/ (3)The football match starts at9o'clock,足球比赛九，点开始。 complete等一类动词 (4)The final exams take place next week.期末考试下周举行。 (5)The new term begins on September 1.新学期九月一日开始。 ★口决：学习一般现在时，基本用法要熟悉。发生动作经常性，存在状态和习惯。特征性格和能力， 客观事实与真理。如果主语是三单，谓语就要变一变。以上歌诀念几遍，掌握还得多多练。 Ⅱ一般过去时 (一)一般过去时主要表示在过去某一个确定的时间里发生的动作或在过去一段时间内发 生的经常性、习惯性的动作。它的构成形式为“主语+动词的过去式” 类型 示 例 1.谓语动词是系动词型 ★(1)除主语是第一人称和第三人称 (1 )He was born on a sunny morning. 单数用was外，其余一律用were。 他出生在一个阳光明媚的早上。 (2)变为否定句时，直接在系动(2)I wasn't at school yesterday.昨天我不在学校。 词后面加not:变为疑问句时， (3)Was she angry just now?刚才她生气了吗？ 将系动词放在主语前。 (1)I knew him three years ago.我在3年前认识了他。 2.谓语动词是实义动词型 (2)We didn't take the plane to Beijing.我们没有乘飞机去北京。 (3)Did you wash the bowls last night?昨天晚上你刷碗了吗？ 第一部分 第八章动词的时态和语态 ® 续表 类型 示 例 L.一般在词尾加-ed fetch→fetched去取 finish-一→finished完成 fix→fxed修理 hope→hoped希望 use+used月 2.以e结尾的动词加-d ★行 move→noved移动 die→died死 为动 3.一个元音字母+一个辅音stop一→stopped停止 admit-→admitted承认 词过 字母结尾的重读闭音节， regret-+regretted后悔 prefer→preferred较喜欢 去式 先双写词尾，再加-ed plan→plannedi计划 permit-permitted允许 的构 4.以辅音字母+y结尾，先 ty→triedi试 cry→cried哭喊 study-→studied学习 成规 变y为i,再加-ed reply-→replied▣答 carry-→carried携带 supply+supplied供应 则 5.以元音字母+y结尾，直 destroy-+destroyed毁坏 enjoy-+enjoyed喜欢 employ-→employed用 obey→obeyed.服从 接加-ed stay→stayed停留，逗留 playplayed玩要 常用不规则动词过去式一览表 原形 过去式 汉意 原形 过去式 汉意 原形 过去式汉意 原形 过去式 汉意 am/is was 是 feel felt 感觉 lose lost 失去 sit sat 坐 are were 彩 find found 发现 make made 制造 sleep slept 睡觉 beat beat 击打 y few may might 或许 speak spoke 说 become became 成为 forget forgot 忘记 mean meant 意想 spend spent 花费 begin began 开始 freeze froze 冰冻 meet met 迎接 spill spilt 溢出 blow blew 吹 get got 得到 mistake mistook 弄错 spit spat 吐痰 break broke 打破 give gave 给予 put put 放置 spoil spoilt 槽踢 bring brought 带来 go went 走 read read 读 stand stood 站立 build built 建造 grow grew 生长 ride rode 骑 steal stole buy bought 来 hang hung 挂 ring rang 铃响 sweep swept 扫除 can could 能 have/has had rise rose 上升 swim swam 游泳 catch caught 抓住 hear heard 听见 跑 take took 拿 choose chose 选择 hide hid 隐煮 say said 说 teach taught 敦 come came 米 hit hit 击中 sce 看见 tell told 告诉 cost cost 花费 hold held 握 sell sold 卖 think thought 带 cut cut 切割 hurt hurt 害 send sent 送 throw threw 扔 g d吗 挖 keep kept 保持 set set 设置 understand understood 理解 do did 做 know knew 知道 shall should 应该 wake woke 醒 raw drew 画 ay aid 放置 shine shone 照耀 wear wore 穿 drink drank 喝 leave left 留下 show showed 显示 will would 将 drive drove 驾驶 lend lent 借出 shut shut 关闭 win won 赢 ate let let 让 sing sang 唱 write wrote 写 fell 落下 lie lay 位于 sink sank 下沉 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 (三)一般过去时的用法 用法 示 例 1.表示过去发生的动作或存在 (1)Did you watch that film last week?你上周看那部电影了吗？ 的状态，常与yesterday/the (2)We were not in London two years ago.两年前我们不在伦敦 day before yesterday/in 1996 (3)I didn'tcome to school because I was ill yesterday.昨天我因病没来上学。 a few days ago/at that time (4)I saw him playing in the park the other day..几天前我看到他在公园玩。 at that moment/in those days/ (5)A terrible earthquake happened in Wenchuan on May 12,2008. in the old days/just now/last 2008年5月12日汶川发生特大地震。 night (week,month,year)/the (6)Last year I went to the theatre every week.去年我每周都去剧院。 other day/once upon a time (7)She came back the day before yesterday.她是前天回来的。 表示过去的时间状语连用 (1)Tom went to school on foot last year.去年汤姆一直步行去上学。 2.表示过去一段时间内经常或反 (2)When I was a child I often played football in the street. 复发生的动作或存在的状态 小时候，我常在街上踢足球。 ★“used to+动词原形”或 (3)He used to play football after school.他过去经常在放学后踢足球。 “would+动词原形”常用来表 (4)During the winter he would sit by the fire for nothing. 示过去经常或反复发生的动作 在冬天他经常坐在火炉边没事干。 3.★在时间、条件、方式、让 (1)She said she would come if she was free that day. 她说如果那天有空，她会来的。 步状语从句中用一般过去时 (2)He said he would stay here until his mother came back. 表示过去将来的动作 他说他将在这儿一直待到他妈妈回来。 (1 )I was born in London and went to university in Paris. 4.叙述没有过去具体时间的动 我出生在伦敦，在巴黎上的大学。 作或存在的状态或描述几个 (2)I got up early,washed my face,had a quick breakfast and hurried to 相继发生的一连串动作 school.我早早起了床，洗完脸，迅速吃完早饭，匆忙上学去了。 5.t's time that该是…的时候了 (1)It's time you went to school.你（现在）该去上学了。 I wish that要是…该有多好呀 (2)I wish I could fly like a bird.我要是像只鸟会飞该多好呀。 I would rather that我宁愿 (3)I would rather you didn't smoke any more. 你…等从句中，以及在某 我倒希望你别再抽烟了。 些条件句中，用一般过去时 (4)If the rain stopped today,we would go out for a walk. 表示与现在事实相反或对将 今天雨要是停了，我们就出去走走。 来事态的主观设想 6.一般过去时也可和today/ (1)How did you find the talk this morning?你觉得今天上午的报告怎样？ tonight/this morning/this week/ (2)Tonight we went to an Italian restaurant.今晚我们去了一家意大利餐馆。 this month/this year等时间状 (3)Did you get any mail today?你今天收到邮件了吗？ 语连用，但是这些状语实际 (4)I saw him in the market this afternoon.今天下午我在市场看见他。 指过去，不包括“说话时刻” (5)His father did a temporary job in Shenzhen this year. 在内 他父亲今年在深圳做了一年的临时工。 第一部分第八章动词的时态和语态 Ⅲ 一般将来时 (一)一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作、存在的状态或将来经常、反复发生 的动作。其构成形式主要为“主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形”或“主语+wil/sha+动 词原形”。 类型 示 例 (1)There is going to be a football game in our school tomorrow,(肯定句) 明天我们学校将有一场足球比赛。 (2)They are not going to see grandpa next week.(否定句) be going to型 他们下星期不打算去看外祖父了。 (3)Is she going to be a teacher in the future?(疑问句) 将来她打算成为一名教师吗？ (1)We have no more vegetables in the fridge.I will go and buy some. 我们冰箱里没有蔬菜了，我将去买一些。 wil/shall do型 (2)We won'tact the play.我们将不会上演这个剧本。 (3)Will you be at home at seven this evening?今天晚上7点你会在家吗？ ★口诀： 【一般将来时】wil,shall加原形，表示将来要发生。be going to加原形，打算、计划要进行。 助动词提前表疑问，后跟not是否定。各种人称will均可用，shall只用第一人称。 ★注意：(1)sha一般用于第一人称，第一、二、三人称均可用wil。 (2)shal的否定式是shall not,.简略式是shan't,而不应写成shalln't。 (3)wi的否定式是will not,.简略式是won't,而不应写成willn't。. (二)一般将来时的用法 用法 示 例 1.表示将要发生的动作或存 (1 )No one knows what will happen in the future. 在的状态，常与tomorrow 没人预知将来会发生什么事。 tomorrow morning/next time(term,year,week)/before (2)We shall know more and more as time goes on. long/later on/in the future/ 随着时间的推移，我们将懂得越来越多。 this afternoon/the day after (3)Will you be here at 10 tomorrow?明天十点钟你会在这儿吗？ tomorrow/some day/soon/from (4)He won't go to visit his parents next week. now on等表示将来的时间状 下周他不去看望他的父母。 语连用 (5)We shan't have an exam tomorrow.明天我们没有考试。 2. 表示将来经常性的动作、 (1)I will always respect my parents.我会永远尊做我的父母。 情况或状态，也和always/ often/never等状语连用 (2)I will never break my promise.我决不会食言。 3. wil表将来的用法： (1)We will die when we are old.我们年老时都会死。 ▲（按自然规律将）必然会 ▲表示事先没有考虑而是临 -Ann is in hospital.安住院了。 时出现的意图 (2) -Oh,really?I didn't know.I'll go and visit her. ▲（科技中）表示事物的倾 、啊，真的吗？我还不知道。我这就去看她。 向性或规律性 (3)Ice will change into water if it melts.冰融化就会变成水a Ann is in hospital.安住院了。 4.be going to do表将来的用法： -Yes,I know.I'm going to visit her tomorrow ▲（事先考虑）打算，决定 (1) 我知道，我打算明天去看她。 做… What ar四you going to do when you grow up?你长大了想干什么？ ▲某种客观迹象预示即将 I am going to be a doctor..我想当一名医生。 会… Look at the black clouds.'s going to rain.看那些黑云，天要下雨了。 Look at that boat!It's going to sink.看那条船！它要沉没了。 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 续表 用法 示 例 5.be to do表将来的用法： ▲（按计划、打算）将要 (1)￥ The president is to visit China next week.总统下周将来访问中国。 做… The meeting is to take place early tomorrow..会议明天一早召开。 ▲（按命令、指示、约定、 Old people are to be respected by society.老人应该受到社会的尊敬。 (2 要求、职责、义务等)必 No one is to leave here without permission. 须，必要，应该做… 未经许可任何人不得离开这儿。 ▲（用于条件句）想（要） (3)If you are to pass the exams,you will have to study harder. 如果你想通过考试，你就得更加努力学习。 做… 6.be about to do sth.马上、立刻 (l)Hurry up!The train is about to leave.快点儿，火车就要开了。 要做某事（不强调主观，不 (2)Be quiet..The film is about to start.安静，电影马上开始了。 与具体时间状语连用，但可 (3)Look!The race is about to start..看，赛跑即将开始了。 和when从句连用) (4)I'm not about to stop when'm so close to success.成功在望，我岂能罢手。 7.★be doing sth按计划、安排 (l)They are leaving for London on Sunday.他们星期天将动身去伦敦。 即将做某事，很少变更， (2)We are moving to a new flat next week.下周我们将人住新的公寓。 常与go/leave/begin/stay/take// (3)The plane is taking off at5:20.飞机5点20起飞 reach arrive/return/come/ (4)My brother is having a party tomorrow.我弟弟明天有一个聚会。 move等动词连用 (5)She is coming to supper this evening.她今晚要来吃饭。 8.一般现在时表将来，常表示 (1 )My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning. 按时间表、日程表等的安排 我乘坐的飞机明天早上7点起飞。 将要发生的动作。 (2)The new term begins on September1.新学期9月1日开学。 (1)Work hard and you will succeed..努力学习，你就会成功。 9.★祈使句+and+主语+will do =If you work hard,you will succeed. -With hard work,you will succeed. (and表示背定) (2)Work hard,.or you will fail.努力学习，不然你就会失败。 ★祈使句+or+主语+will do (or表否定) =If you don't work hard,you will fail. =Unless you work hard,you will fail. =Without hard work,you will fail. Ⅳ过去将来时 (一)过去将来时表示在过去某个时间点看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语或者宾语 从句中。 类型 示 例 (1)I didn't know if we were going to play football..(肯定句) 我不知道我们是否去踢球。 was/were going to (2)He said he wasn't going to speak at the meeting.(否定句) 他说他将不会在会上发言。 (3)Were they going to have a meeting to discuss the matter?(疑问句) 他们打算开个会讨论那件事情吗？ would/should?型 (1)He said that he would play games with you.他说他会和你一起做游戏的。 ★注意：should-一般用于 (2)Would he d№some reading whenever he had time??他一有时间就看书吗？ 第一人称，第一、二、 (3)He asked if/whether I should/would be free the next day. 三人称均可用would.。 他问我第二天是否有空。 第一部分 第八章动词的时态和语态 (二)过去将来时的用法 用法 示 例 (I He said that he would wait for us at the station. 1.过去将来时一般不能独立使用， 他说他要在车站等我们。 常用在宾语从句和间接引语中， 表示从过去的某一时间看将要发 (2)He didn't expect that we should/would all be there. 生的动作或存在的状态。表示从 他没想到我们都在那儿。 句动作发生在主句之后 (3)I was not sure whether they would win the match. 我不确信他们是否会赢得比赛。 (1 )He told us that he was going to/would attend the meeting. 2.was/were going to do sth.(过去 他告诉我们说他要参加那次会议。 计划)打算做某事可与would/ (2 We didn't know whether she was going to/would speak at the meeting. should do换用，（但was/were 我们不知道她是否会在会上发言。 going to do有时往往表示本会发 (3)Last Sunday we were going to go for a picnic,but it rained. 生的动作或事态，但事实上却并 上星期天我们本打算去野餐，但下雨了。 没有实现或发生) (4)I was going to play volleyball on Monday,but I can't now. 我还打算星期一去打排球，但现在看来不行了。 3.下面几个句型常表示过去将来时 的概念： (1)We were about to go out when it began to rain. ◆was/were about to do sth.when过 我们正准备出去，天（突然）下起雨来。 去正要做某事突然… (2)He said that he was to finish the work in three days. ◆was/were to do sth.(过去按计划 安排)打算做某事 他说他打算三天内完成任务。 ◆was/were doing sth.(过去按计 (3)They said they were leaving for the UK soon. 划安排)即将做某事（常与g0 start/begin/stay/reach/arrive/ 他们说他们不久就将动身去英国。 come等词连用)》 (4)She was on the point of leaving when we came in. was/were on the point of doing sth. 我们进来时，她正要动身。 过去正要…的时候 V 现在进行时 (一)现在进行时的构成和形式 类型 示 例 (1)Look!Sam is watching TV happily on the sofa. 主语+am/is/are+现在分词 看！萨姆正在沙发上高兴地看电视呢。 (2)They aren'tplaying basketball now.他们现在没有在打篮球。 (3)Are the children flying kites in the park?孩子们正在公园放风筝吗？ (二)现在分词的构成规则 1.一般在动词原形末尾加-ing work→vorking open→opening answer-answering pass-passing stand-→standing visit-visiting 2.以不发音字母-c结尾的动词， live→living hope→+hoping come→coming 去掉e,再加-ing leave→leaving write-→writing drive-→driving make→naking take→taking cry-crying 3.以-y结尾（无论-y前是辅音或 study→studying worry→worrying enjoy-enjoying 元音字母)都直接加-ing lay→laying play-→playing buy→buying stay-staying 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 续表 4.少数以-ie结尾的动词，先变ie die→dying tie-tying lie→lying 为y再加-ing 5.以-oe/-ee/-ye结尾的动词，直接 toe→toeing agree-→agreeing dye-→dyeing 加-ing 6.末尾只有一个元音字母+一个辅 get→getting stop→stopping prefer-→preferring swim-→swimming sit→sitting plan→planning admit-→admitting begin-→beginning 音字母的重读闭音节动词，先 run→running 双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ing refer-→referring forget--→forgetting regret-→regretting put-putting cut→cutting permit-→permitting (三)现在进行时的用法 用 法 示 例 (1)一What are you doing at home now?你现在在家干什么？ 1.表示现在（说话的瞬间)正 一I am watching TV.我在看电视。 在进行、发生的动作或存在 的状态，常与now/right now/ （2)Look!A monkey is climbing the tree..看！一只猴子在爬那棵树。 at this moment等时间状语连 (3)Listen!He is singing in the next room.听！他正在隔壁唱歌。 用，或用在look,listen等引 (4)The telephone is ringing.Would you answer it,please? 出的句子里 电话在响，你能否接一下？ (5)Don't make any noise!The baby is sleeping.别吵闹！那个婴儿在睡觉。 (1)一What is he doing in Beijing these days?这些天他在北京干什么？ 2.表示现阶段发生，但此时此 一He is attending an international conference.他在出席一个国际会议。 刻不一定正在进行的动作， 常与at present/these days/this (2)She is working for a company at present,.她目前正在一家公司上班。 week等时间状语连用 (3 )They are doing an important experiment this week. 本周他们在做一个重要的实验。 3.表示反复发生的习惯性动 (1)He is always doing things carelessly.他做事总是马马虎虎的。 作；表示说话人现在对主语 (2)She is always thinking of others instead of herself. 行为的赞扬、遗憾、讨厌、 她总是想着别人而不是她自己。 不满等情感，常与always/ (3)He is constantly playing computer games..他老是爱玩电子游戏。 usually/continually/forever/ （4)You are always copying others'homework.你，总是抄写别人的作业。 constantly等副词连用 (5)My father is always criticizing me.父亲总是批评我。 4.表示根据计划或安排，在近 (1)They are leaving for Beijing this afternoon.他们今天下午动身去北京。 期内即将进行的动作或马上 (2)I am taking my son to the Great Wall this week. 就要发生的事，常与表示将 本周我打算带儿子去长城。 (3 )He is meeting Mike at the airport next morning. 来的时间状语连用，多限于 明天早晨他去机场接迈克。 begin/come /go/leave/start/ (4)The train is arriving at 10:05 tomorrow. arrive/return/work/sleep/ 火车将于明天10点05分到。 stay/take等表移动、方向的 (5)Mr Smith is flying to Canada tomorrow. 动词 史密斯先生明天就要飞往加拿大。 第一部分 第八章动词的时态和语态 I 过去进行时 一)过去进行时的构成和形式 类型 示 例 (1)We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.(肯定句)） 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 (2)This time yesterday Tom was not watching TV.He was doing his 主语+was/were+doing homework..(否定句) 昨天这个时候汤姆没有在看电视，他正在做他的家庭作业。 (3)Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon?(疑问句) 昨天下午4点你正在打篮球吗？ (二)过去进行时的用法 用法 示 例 (1 )What were you doing at 8:30 yesterday evening? 1.表示过去某一时刻正在进 昨晚8点半你在干什么？ 行的动作或正存在的状 态，一般常和at that time/ (2)We were having dinner when they arrived last night. 他们昨晚到达时，我们正在吃饭。 at five yesterday/then/last (3)We didn't go out as it was raining heavily. night/this time yesterday/ 因为在下大雨，我们没有出去。 when I arrived等特定的表 示过去的时间状语连用 (4)They were seeing a film at this time yesterday. 昨天这时候他们在看一部电影。 (1 )What was Tom doing during the summer holidays? 2.表示过去某一段时间内正 汤姆在暑假期间都做了什么？ 在进行的动作 (2)We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我们从两点一直工作到四点。 3.用来叙述过去经常或反 (1 She was always being late for school last term. 复发生的动作，表示说 上学期她上学总是迟到。 话人对主语的某种行为 表赞扬、厌恶、不满等 (2)She was always ringing me up when I was in London. 我在伦敦时她总不停地给我打电话。 特殊情感，常与always/ (3)She was always helping others when she lived here. constantly/continually/ 她住在这里时总是乐于助人。 forever等副词连用 (1 )When I was watching TV,the light went out. 我在看电视时，灯灭了。 4.表示一个过去动作发生时 (2)When I was watering the garden,it began to rain. 或者发生之后，另一个动 当我在花园浇花时，天下雨了。 作正在进行或两个延续性 (3 )The pupils were talking noisily when the teacher stepped in. 过去动作同时进行，常与 学生们正在吵闹，这时老师进来了。 when/while引导的时间状 (4)George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio. 语从句连用 乔治在读书，而他的妻子在听收音机。 (5)I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. 我妈妈在做饭，我在做作业。 78 初中英语词汇语法表解大全 I 现在完成时 一)现在完成时的构成和形式 类型 示 例 (1)Though he has read the book three times,,he hopes to read it again.（肯定句) 尽管他已经把这本书读了三避，他仍希望能再读一遍。 主语+have/has+过去分词 (2)I have not heard from my parents for a long time..(否定句) 我很长时间没有收到父母的来信了。 (3)Have you travelled to another place?(疑问句) 你去过别的地方旅行吗？ 不规则动词的过去式及过去分词一览表 原形 过去式 过去分词汉意 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉意 原形 过去式 过去分词 汉意 am/is was been 是 grow grew grown 生长 send sent sent 送 are were been 是 hang hung hung 挂 set set set 设置 beat beat beaten 击打 have had had 拥有 shine shone shone 照耀 become became become 成为 hear heard heard 听见 show showed shown 显示 begin began begun 开始 hide hid hidden 隐藏 shut shut shut 关闭 blow blew blown 吹 hit hit hit 击中 sing sang sung 唱 break broke broken 打破 hold held held 握 sink sank sunk 下沉 bring brought brought 带来 hurt hurt hurt 伤害 sit sat sat 坐 build built built 建造 keep kept kept 保持 sleep slept slept 睡觉 buy bought bought 买 know knew known 知道 smell smelt smelt 闻 catch caught caught 抓住 lay laid laid 放置 speak spoke spoken 说 choose chose chosen 选择 leave left left 留下 spend spent spent 花费 come came come 来 lend lent lent 借出 spi训l spilt spilt 溢出 cost cost cost 花费 let let let 让 spit spat spat 吐痰 cut cut cut 切割 lie lay lain 位于 spoil spoilt spoilt 糟踢 d吗 dug 挖 lose lost lost 丢失 stand stood stood 站立 did done make made made 制造 steal stole stolen 偷 draw drew drawn 画 may might might 或许 sweep swept swept 扫除 drink drank drunk 喝 mean meant meant 意味 swim swam swum 游泳 drive drove driven 驾驶 meet met met 迎接 take took taken 拿 cat ate eaten 吃 mistake mistook mistaken 弄错 teach taught taught 教 fell fallen 落下 put put put 放置 tell told told 告诉 felt felt 感觉 read read read 读 think thought thought 想 found found 发现 ride rode ridden 骑 throw threw thrown 扔 y flew flown ring rang rung 铃响 under. under- under- forget forgot forgotten 忘记 rise rose risen 上升 stand stood stood 理解 freeze froze frozen 结冰 run ran run 跑 wear wore worn 穿 get got got 得到 say said said 说 win won won 赢 give gave given 给予 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 went gone 走 sell sold sold 卖参考答案 187 104.safe 105.cheap 74.caught 75.was studying 106.polite 107.busiest 76.taught 77.visited 108.modern 109.wisely 78.spent 110.easily 111.healthier 三、完成句子 112.hardly 113.active 79.don't brush 80.have been 114.patient 115.unsure/uncertain 81.has kept 82.has offered 116.ancient 二、根据首字母提示填空 中考考点二动词语态 117.honest 118.deeply 一、单项选择 119.early 120.personal 83-85DBD 86-90 CDABD 121.popular 122.hungry 91-95 CCBAB 96-100 CDDAB 三、根据汉语提示，填写单词或短语 101-105 BDCBB 106-109CCBC 123.(getting/becoming)greener and greener 二、 词汇运用 124.more;more 110.mentioned 111.fined 125.More and more people 112.divided 113.was sold 126.(getting/becoming)interested in 三、完成句子 127.different kinds of 114.was launched 115.It's said 第七章情态动词 116.is collected 117.be put off 中考考点一基本用法 第九章介词、 等立连词与并列 1-5 ABADD 6-10 ACBBA 句、从属连词与状语从句 11-15 BBCBB 16-20 BBCCA 中考考点一介词 21-25 AABCA 26-30 ADCAB 一、时间介词 31-35ACABC 36-40 ABCBA 1-5CCCAA 6-10 AACBB 中考考点二表推测 二、方式介词 41-45 BAAAB 46-50 AABBA 11-15 CCCDC 51-53BDC 三、方位介词 第八章 动词的时态和语态 16-20 BBBCA 21-23CCC 四、其他常见介词 中考考点一动词时态 24-25AC 26-30 CCDCC 一、单项选择 31-35 DCADC 36-40 AAABA 1-5 BCAAD 6-10 CADCA 41-43BCB 11-15ABCCA 16-20 DDDBC 21-25 CCDBC 26-30 CCCBC 五、介词短语 31-35 CCDCB 44-45BB 46-50 BCDDB 36-40 ACCBC 41-45 BCCBD 46-50 ADBCC 51.on/at the weekendkon/at weekends 51-55 BCBAC 56-60 CCAAD 52.At the beginning of 61-65 ACABA 66-67AB 53.in the countryside 二、词汇运用 54.After(eating/having)dinner/supper 68.will take 69.has 55.on foot 70.was having 71.won 56.To our surprise 72.saved 73.locked 57.in the middle of